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Vidovic S, Taylor R, Hedderley D, Fletcher GC, Wei N. Detection of non-pathogenic and pathogenic populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in various samples by the conventional, quantitative and droplet digital PCRs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4137. [PMID: 38374337 PMCID: PMC10876695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, three generations of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays: (i) conventional PCR, (ii) qPCR and (iii) droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), were systematically tested for their abilities to detect non-pathogenic and pathogenic populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The limit of detection (LOD) for the ddPCR was 1.1 pg/µL of purified DNA, followed by the qPCR (5.6 pg/µL) and the conventional PCR (8.8 pg/µL). Regarding the LOD for V. parahaemolyticus cells, the ddPCR assay was able to detect 29 cells, followed by the conventional PCR assay (58 cells) and the qPCR assay (115 cells). Regarding the sensitivities to detect this pathogen from PCR inhibition prone samples (naturally contaminated mussels), the ddPCR assay significantly outperformed the conventional PCR and qPCR. The ddPCR assay was able to consistently detect non-pathogenic and pathogenic populations of V. parahaemolyticus from naturally contaminated mussels, indicating its tolerance to various PCR inhibitors. This study also revealed the significant difference between conventional PCR and qPCR. The conventional PCR assay showed significantly greater sensitivity than that of the qPCR assay in detecting V. parahaemolyticus in crude samples, whereas the qPCR assay showed better sensitivity in detecting the presence of V. parahaemolyticus in purified DNA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinisa Vidovic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mount Albert Road, Sandringham, 1025, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Roland Taylor
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mount Albert Road, Sandringham, 1025, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Graham C Fletcher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, 120 Mount Albert Road, Sandringham, 1025, Auckland, New Zealand
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2
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Wang D, Palmer JS, Fletcher GC, On SLW, Gagic D, Flint SH. Efficacy of commercial peroxyacetic acid on Vibrio parahaemolyticus planktonic cells and biofilms on stainless steel and Greenshell™ mussel (Perna canaliculus) surfaces. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 405:110372. [PMID: 37672942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential of using commercial peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for Vibrio parahaemolyticus sanitization was evaluated. Commercial PAA of 0.005 % (v/v, PAA: 2.24 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide: 11.79 mg/L) resulted in a planktonic cell reduction of >7.00 log10 CFU/mL when initial V. parahaemolyticus cells averaged 7.64 log10 CFU/mL. For cells on stainless steel coupons, treatment of 0.02 % PAA (v/v, PAA: 8.96 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide: 47.16 mg/L) achieved >5.00 log10 CFU/cm2 reductions in biofilm cells for eight strains but not for the two strongest biofilm formers. PAA of 0.05 % (v/v, PAA: 22.39 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide: 117.91 mg/L) was required to inactivate >5.00 log10 CFU/cm2 biofilm cells from mussel shell surfaces. The detection of PAA residues after biofilm treatment demonstrated that higher biofilm production resulted in higher PAA residues (p < 0.05), suggesting biofilm is acting as a barrier interfering with PAA diffusing into the matrices. Based on the comparative analysis of genomes, robust biofilm formation and metabolic heterogeneity within niches might have contributed to the variations in PAA resistance of V. parahaemolyticus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Jon S Palmer
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Graham C Fletcher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen L W On
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Private Bag 85084, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Dragana Gagic
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Steve H Flint
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Waidner LA, Potdukhe TV. Tools to Enumerate and Predict Distribution Patterns of Environmental Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2502. [PMID: 37894160 PMCID: PMC10609196 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) are water- and foodborne bacteria that can cause several distinct human diseases, collectively called vibriosis. The success of oyster aquaculture is negatively impacted by high Vibrio abundances. Myriad environmental factors affect the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio, including temperature, salinity, eutrophication, extreme weather events, and plankton loads, including harmful algal blooms. In this paper, we synthesize the current understanding of ecological drivers of Vv and Vp and provide a summary of various tools used to enumerate Vv and Vp in a variety of environments and environmental samples. We also highlight the limitations and benefits of each of the measurement tools and propose example alternative tools for more specific enumeration of pathogenic Vv and Vp. Improvement of molecular methods can tighten better predictive models that are potentially important for mitigation in more controlled environments such as aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Waidner
- Hal Marcus College of Science and Engineering, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Building 58, Room 108, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Trupti V. Potdukhe
- GEMS Program, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1853 W. Polk St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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Chen L, Wang J, Chen J, Zhang R, Zhang H, Qi X, He Y. Epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks, Zhejiang, China, 2010-2022. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171350. [PMID: 37448578 PMCID: PMC10336542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most common foodborne pathogens and poses a significant disease burden. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the epidemiological characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks in Zhejiang Province, and provide insights for the targeted prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Descriptive statistical methods were utilized to analyze the data on Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks reported by all Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) through Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance System (FDOSS) in Zhejiang Province from 2010 to 2022. Results From 2010 to 2022, a total of 383 outbreaks caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus were reported by 90 CDCs in 11 prefectures of Zhejiang Province, resulting in 4,382 illnesses, 326 hospitalizations and 1 death. The main symptoms of the outbreak-related cases were diarrhea (95.18%), abdominal pain (89.23%), nausea (55.64%), vomiting (50.57%), fever (24.21%), etc. The outbreaks occurring between July and September accounted for 77.54% of all outbreaks (297 out of 383). Outbreaks associated with restaurants accounted for the majority (57.96%, 222/383) of all outbreaks, followed by those linked to staff canteens (15.40%, 59/383) and rural banquets (11.23%, 43/383). 31.85% of all outbreaks were associated with the consumption of aquatic products, while ready-to-eat foods such as Chinese cold dishes and cooked meat products accounted for 12.53% of all outbreaks. Serotype O3:K6 (81.94%, 118/144) was the predominant serotype responsible for outbreaks from 2010 to 2020, while serotype O10:K4 (57.89%, 33/57) was the predominant serotype from 2021 to 2022. Conclusion In-depth and comprehensive analysis of long-term surveillance data on Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks is essential to gain insight into the epidemiological characteristics, identify long-term patterns and recent trends, and enable governments to prioritize interventions and develop targeted policies to mitigate such outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
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Palamae S, Mittal A, Yingkajorn M, Saetang J, Buatong J, Tyagi A, Singh P, Benjakul S. Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from Asian Green Mussel: Molecular Characteristics, Virulence and Their Inhibition by Chitooligosaccharide-Tea Polyphenol Conjugates. Foods 2022; 11:4048. [PMID: 36553790 PMCID: PMC9778124 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were tested for pathogenicity, biofilm formation, motility, and antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial activity of chitooligosaccharide (COS)-tea polyphenol conjugates against all isolates was also studied. Forty-three isolates were randomly selected from 520 isolates from Asian green mussel (Perna viridis) grown on CHROMagarTM Vibrio agar plate. Six isolates were acquired from stool specimens of diarrhea patients. One laboratory strain was V. parahaemolyticus PSU.SCB.16S.14. Among all isolates tested, 12% of V. parahaemolyticus carried the tdh+trh- gene and were positive toward Kanagawa phenomenon test. All of V. parahaemolyticus isolates could produce biofilm and showed relatively strong motile ability. When COS-catechin conjugate (COS-CAT) and COS-epigallocatechin-3-gallate conjugate (COS-EGCG) were examined for their inhibitory effect against V. parahaemolyticus, the former showed the higher bactericidal activity with the MBC value of 1.024 mg/mL against both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. Most of the representative Asian green mussel V. parahaemolyticus isolates exhibited high sensitivity to all antibiotics, whereas one isolate showed the intermediate resistance to cefuroxime. However, the representative clinical isolates were highly resistant to nine types of antibiotics and had multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.64. Thus, COS-CAT could be used as potential antimicrobial agent for controlling V. parahaemolyticus-causing disease in Asian green mussel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Palamae
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Ajay Mittal
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Mingkwan Yingkajorn
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jirakrit Saetang
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Jirayu Buatong
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Anuj Tyagi
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Prabjeet Singh
- College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
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Li MY, Kang YH, Sun WC, Hao ZP, Elsheikha HM, Cong W. Terrestrial runoff influences the transport and contamination levels of Toxoplasma gondii in marine organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158168. [PMID: 35988599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing concern regarding the potential adverse impact of Toxoplasma gondii contamination of the marine environment on marine wildlife and public health. Terrestrial runoff is a significant route for dissemination of T. gondii oocysts from land to sea. Yet, the influence of terrestrial runoff on T. gondii prevalence in marine animals in China is largely unknown. To address this concern, we examined the presence of T. gondii in marine oysters Crassostrea spp., rockfish Sebastes schlegelii (S. schlegelii), fat greenling fish Hexagrammos otakii (H. otakii), and Asian paddle crab Charybdis japonica (C. japonica) using a PCR assay targeting T. gondii B1 gene. A total of 1920 samples were randomly collected, in Jan-Dec 2020, from terrestrial runoff areas (TRA, TRB, and TRC) and non-terrestrial runoff area (Grape bay) in Weihai, China. T. gondii prevalence in TRB and TRC was 6.04 % and 5.83 %, respectively, which was higher than 2.29 % detected in the non-terrestrial runoff area. The highest prevalence was detected in Crassostrea spp., and a correlation was observed between T. gondii prevalence and weight of Crassostrea spp. The temperature, but not precipitation, significantly correlated with T. gondii prevalence. Understanding the fate of T. gondii delivered to oceans by terrestrial runoff is critical for predicting future disease risks for marine wildlife and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Yao Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Wen-Chao Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 32503, PR China
| | - Zhi-Peng Hao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China.
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7
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Howells J, Brosnahan C. Bacteriology & bivalves: Assessing diagnostic tools for geographically remote bivalve populations. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 202:106581. [PMID: 36181970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two sampling approaches for the growth of common or dominant bacteria from bivalve haemolymph were compared: (1) samples processed in the field immediately after collection (field samples), and (2) samples processed in the laboratory at least 24 h after collection (laboratory samples). The sampling approaches were compared on 210 marine bivalve molluscs Paphies subtriangulata and P. australis from two shallow intertidal sites in North Island New Zealand. The approaches were evaluated for the amount of bacterial growth, type of growth, and diversity of growth. Differences in amount and type of growth between the two sampling approaches were observed. Samples processed in the field from P. subtriangulata had significantly more bacterial growth, and a higher diversity of bacteria, including more common or dominant bacterial species. Laboratory samples had a higher proportion of samples with no growth, however common or dominant bacteria were still isolated from these samples. For P. australis, field samples more often had no bacterial growth and laboratory samples had a significantly higher number of common or dominant growth present. Field samples did however contain a higher diversity of bacteria. By conducting bacteriology on bivalves in either the field or the laboratory only, there may be limitations to determining the significance of a bacterial agent isolated. Sampling of both field and laboratory samples should be carried out where possible to optimise detection of important bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Howells
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5140, New Zealand; Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand.
| | - Cara Brosnahan
- Aquatic and Environmental Health, Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 40742, Upper Hutt 5140, New Zealand
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8
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Campbell VM, Chouljenko A, Hall SG. Depuration of live oysters to reduce Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus: A review of ecology and processing parameters. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3480-3506. [PMID: 35638353 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of raw oysters, whether wild-caught or aquacultured, may increase health risks for humans. Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are two potentially pathogenic bacteria that can be concentrated in oysters during filter feeding. As Vibrio abundance increases in coastal waters worldwide, ingesting raw oysters contaminated with V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus can possibly result in human illness and death in susceptible individuals. Depuration is a postharvest processing method that maintains oyster viability while they filter clean salt water that either continuously flows through a holding tank or is recirculated and replenished periodically. This process can reduce endogenous bacteria, including coliforms, thus providing a safer, live oyster product for human consumption; however, depuration of Vibrios has presented challenges. When considering the difficulty of removing endogenous Vibrios in oysters, a more standardized framework of effective depuration parameters is needed. Understanding Vibrio ecology and its relation to certain depuration parameters could help optimize the process for the reduction of Vibrio. In the past, researchers have manipulated key depuration parameters like depuration processing time, water salinity, water temperature, and water flow rate and explored the use of processing additives to enhance disinfection in oysters. In summation, depuration processing from 4 to 6 days, low temperature, high salinity, and flowing water effectively reduced V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in live oysters. This review aims to emphasize trends among the results of these past works and provide suggestions for future oyster depuration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashti M Campbell
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Chouljenko
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven G Hall
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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de Souza RV, Moresco V, Miotto M, Souza DSM, de Campos CJA. Prevalence, distribution and environmental effects on faecal indicator bacteria and pathogens of concern in commercial shellfish production areas in a subtropical region of a developing country (Santa Catarina, Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:286. [PMID: 35303750 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews recent literature on the abundance and distribution of faecal indicator bacteria and pathogens in shellfish production areas in the state of Santa Catarina, on the subtropical coast of Brazil. This state supplies > 95% of the national production of shellfish. Microbiological monitoring data were mapped using GIS and the results compared with those from other countries. Coastal human population is the main predictive parameter for faecal bacteria in the production areas. Temporal variations of the bacteria can also be predicted by solar radiation and rainfall. The prevalence of pathogens such as hepatitis A virus, human norovirus, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. does not differ substantially from that in developed countries. The information reported here can be used to inform development of microbiological risk profiles for shellfish production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Ventura de Souza
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina (Epagri), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1.188, Itacorubi, Caixa Postal 502, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88034-901, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Moresco
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521-0001, USA
| | - Marilia Miotto
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Doris Sobral Marques Souza
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Centro de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346, Itacorubi, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88034-001, Brazil
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Universitário Trindade, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88034-001, Brazil
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Predictive models for the effect of environmental factors on the abundance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster farms in Taiwan using extreme gradient boosting. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lactic fermentation of cooked, comminuted mussel, Perna canaliculus. Food Microbiol 2021; 99:103829. [PMID: 34119114 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous microflora of mussels, filter feeders, can include pathogens with resulting food safety concerns. The aim was to develop a cook-then-ferment technology to extend shelf life and safety of a ready-to-eat mussels. Only after cooking to destroy the mussel's endogenous microflora could an edible product be made as determined by pH decline after fermentation and the fate of common pathogens. Perna canaliculus was bought live at retail on many dates. Fermentation was with commercial lactic cultures incubated under vacuum at 30 °C for four days. Using one culture containing Pediococcus pentosaceus and Staphylococcus carnosus as a model, pH typically declined to 4.5 to 4.7, and common pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were absent or reduced to acceptable levels. The fate of Listeria monocytogenes was studied with five cultures. These were variably effective at inhibition with one clear success, Chr Hansen's T-SC-150 containing a specific strain of Lactobacillus sakei, and flavour-generating Staphylococcus carnosus. This culture's efficacy was confirmed with sterile extracts of LAB challenging L. monocytogenes in vitro. This culture was also the most rapid fermenter by pH fall. Cook-then-ferment technology may be applied to other novel foods to minimise a disruptive endogenous microflora.
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Bacian C, Verdugo C, García K, Perez-Larruscain J, de Blas I, Cachicas V, Lopez-Joven C. Longitudinal Study of Total and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( tdh+ and/or trh+) in Two Natural Extraction Areas of Mytilus chilensis in Southern Chile. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:621737. [PMID: 33815309 PMCID: PMC8012776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.621737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-associated bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Although different studies have focused on its pattern of variation over time, knowledge about the environmental factors driving the dynamics of this pathogen, within the Chilean territory, is still lacking. This study determined the prevalence of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains (tdh and/or trh genes) in mussels (Mytilus chilensis) collected from two natural growing areas between 2017 and 2018, using selective agar and PCR analysis. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 45.6% (93/204) of pooled samples from the Valdivia River Estuary. The pathogenic strains carrying the tdh and/or trh gene were detected in 11.8% (24/204): tdh in 9.8% (20/204), trh in 0.5% (1/204), and 1.5% (3/204) presented both genes. In Reloncaví Fjord, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 14.4% (30/209) of the samples, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus carrying the trh gene was detected in 0.5% (1/209) of the samples, while the tdh gene was not detected in the samples from this area. The total count of mauve-purple colonies typical of V. parahaemolyticus on CHROMagar was positively associated by multivariate analysis with area, water temperature, and salinity. Similarly, V. parahaemolyticus detection rates by PCR had a positive correlation with the area and water temperature. The chances of detecting total V. parahaemolyticus in the Valdivia River Estuary are significantly higher than in the Reloncaví Fjord, but inversely, during spring-summer months, the interaction factor between the area and temperature indicated that the chances of detecting V. parahaemolyticus are higher in the Reloncaví Fjord. Interestingly, this period coincides with the season when commercial and natural-growing shellfish are harvested. On the other hand, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus tdh+ was significantly correlated with an increase of water temperature. These environmental parameters could be used to trigger a warning on potential hazard, which would influence human health and economic losses in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bacian
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristobal Verdugo
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Katherine García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josu Perez-Larruscain
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignacio de Blas
- Department of Animal Pathology, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Viviana Cachicas
- Sección Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Lopez-Joven
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Ndraha N, Hsiao HI. Influence of climatic factors on the temporal occurrence and distribution of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster culture environments in Taiwan. Food Microbiol 2021; 98:103765. [PMID: 33875201 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2021.103765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the occurrence and distribution of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in oyster culture environments in Taiwan. V. parahaemolyticus levels in oysters, seawater, and sediment were quantified using the most probable number (MPN) method combined with a qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Total V. parahaemolyticus was determined based on the presence or absence of tlh gene, whereas pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus was determined based on the detection of tdh and/or trh gene. The results showed that: 1) V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 93% of the collected samples, 2) the mean concentrations of total V. parahaemolyticus in oysters, seawater, and sediment were 4.1 log MPN/g, 2.1 log MPN/mL, and 4.2 log MPN/g, respectively, and 3) variations in the abundance of V. parahaemolyticus was significantly associated with sea surface temperature (SST). Findings in this study could be used to improve the accuracy of the risk assessment model for V. parahaemolyticus in oysters in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodali Ndraha
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-I Hsiao
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan.
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14
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Almuhaideb E, Chintapenta LK, Abbott A, Parveen S, Ozbay G. Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and seawater in Delaware Bay in relation to environmental conditions and the prevalence of molecular markers to identify pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242229. [PMID: 33270659 PMCID: PMC7714158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identified Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster and seawater samples collected from Delaware Bay from June through October of 2016. Environmental parameters including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyll a were measured per sampling event. Oysters homogenate and seawater samples were 10-fold serially diluted and directly plated on CHROMagarᵀᴹ Vibrio medium. Presumptive V. parahaemolyticus colonies were counted and at least 20% of these colonies were selected for molecular chracterization. V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 165) were screened for the presence of the species-specific thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene, the pathogenic thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)/ thermostable related hemolysin (trh) genes, the regulatory transmembrane DNA-binding gene (toxR), and V. parahaemolyticus metalloprotease (vpm) gene using a conventional PCR. The highest mean levels of the presumptive V. parahaemolyticus were 9.63×103 CFU/g and 1.85×103 CFU/mL in the oyster and seawater samples, respectively, during the month of July. V. parahaemolyticus levels in oyster and seawater samples were significantly positively correlated with water temperature. Of the 165 isolates, 137 (83%), 110 (66.7%), and 108 (65%) were tlh+, vpm+, and toxR+, respectively. Among the V. parahaemolyticus (tlh+) isolates, 7 (5.1%) and 15 (10.9%) were tdh+ and trh+, respectively, and 24 (17.5%), only oyster isolates, were positive for both genes. Potential pathogenic strains that possessed tdh and/or trh were notably higher in oyster (39%) than seawater (15.6%) isolates. The occurrence of total V. parahaemolyticus (tlh+) was not necessarily proportional to the potential pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. Co-occurrence of the five genetic markers were observed only among oyster isolates. The co-occurrence of the gene markers showed a relatedness potential of tdh occurrence with vpm. We believe exploring the role of V. parahaemolyticus metalloprotease and whether it is involved in the toxic activity of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) protein can be of significance. The outcomes of this study will provide some foundation for future studies regarding pathogenic Vibrio dynamics in relation to environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Almuhaideb
- Department of Human Ecology, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Lathadevi K Chintapenta
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Amanda Abbott
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Salina Parveen
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gulnihal Ozbay
- Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware, United States of America
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15
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Su C, Chen L. Virulence, resistance, and genetic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus recovered from commonly consumed aquatic products in Shanghai, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111554. [PMID: 32810672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus can cause severe gastroenteritis, septicaemia and even death in humans. Continuous monitoring of V. parahaemolyticus contamination in aquatic products is imperative for ensuring food safety. In this study, we isolated and characterized 561 V. parahaemolyticus strains recovered from 23 species of commonly consumed shellfish, crustaceans, and fish collected in July and August of 2017 in Shanghai, China. The bacterium was not isolated from two fish species Carassius auratus and Parabramis pekinensis. The results revealed a very low occurrence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus carrying the toxin genes trh (0.2%) and tdh (0.0%). However, high percentages of resistance to the antimicrobial agents ampicillin (93.0%), rifampin (82.9%), streptomycin (75.4%) and kanamycin (50.1%) were found. A high incidence of tolerance to the heavy metals Hg2+ (74.7%) and Zn2+ (56.2%) was also observed in the isolates. ERIC-PCR-based fingerprinting of MDR isolates (77.5%) revealed 428 ERIC-genotypes, demonstrating remarkable genetic variation among the isolates. The results of this study support the urgent need for food safety risk assessment of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenli Su
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), China Ministry of Agriculture, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Hasan M, Azim KF, Imran MAS, Chowdhury IM, Urme SRA, Parvez MSA, Uddin MB, Ahmed SSU. Comprehensive genome based analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus for identifying novel drug and vaccine molecules: Subtractive proteomics and vaccinomics approach. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237181. [PMID: 32813697 PMCID: PMC7444560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus has become a significant public health concern. The development of effective drugs and vaccines against Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the current research priority. Thus, we aimed to find out effective drug and vaccine targets using a comprehensive genome-based analysis. A total of 4822 proteins were screened from V. parahaemolyticus proteome. Among 16 novel cytoplasmic proteins, 'VIBPA Type II secretion system protein L' and 'VIBPA Putative fimbrial protein Z' were subjected to molecular docking with 350 human metabolites, which revealed that Eliglustat, Simvastatin and Hydroxocobalamin were the top drug molecules considering free binding energy. On the contrary, 'Sensor histidine protein kinase UhpB' and 'Flagellar hook-associated protein of 25 novel membrane proteins were subjected to T-cell and B-cell epitope prediction, antigenicity testing, transmembrane topology screening, allergenicity and toxicity assessment, population coverage analysis and molecular docking analysis to generate the most immunogenic epitopes. Three subunit vaccines were constructed by the combination of highly antigenic epitopes along with suitable adjuvant, PADRE sequence and linkers. The designed vaccine constructs (V1, V2, V3) were analyzed by their physiochemical properties and molecular docking with MHC molecules- results suggested that the V1 is superior. Besides, the binding affinity of human TLR-1/2 heterodimer and construct V1 could be biologically significant in the development of the vaccine repertoire. The vaccine-receptor complex exhibited deformability at a minimum level that also strengthened our prediction. The optimized codons of the designed construct was cloned into pET28a(+) vector of E. coli strain K12. However, the predicted drug molecules and vaccine constructs could be further studied using model animals to combat V. parahaemolyticus associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Faizul Azim
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdus Shukur Imran
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ishtiak Malique Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Sorwer Alam Parvez
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Bashir Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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17
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Hu Y, Li F, Zheng Y, Zeng Z, Zhang G, Zhang D, Jiao X, Guo L. Prevalence and population analysis of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
in retail aquatic products from the southern Fujian coast, China. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Hu
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration Xiamen China
| | - Fengxia Li
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou China
| | - Ying Zheng
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou China
| | - Zhichao Zeng
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou China
| | - Guoguang Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou China
| | - Danfeng Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University Zhangzhou China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Liqing Guo
- Zhangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Zhangzhou Health Committee Zhangzhou China
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18
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Cruz CD, Fletcher GC, Paturi G, Hedderley DI. Influence of farming methods and seawater depth on Vibrio species in New Zealand Pacific oysters. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 325:108644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Ndraha N, Wong HC, Hsiao HI. Managing the risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with oyster consumption: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1187-1217. [PMID: 33331689 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative bacterium that is naturally present in the marine environment. Oysters, which are water filter feeders, may accumulate this pathogen in their soft tissues, thus increasing the risk of V. parahaemolyticus infection among people who consume oysters. In this review, factors affecting V. parahaemolyticus accumulation in oysters, the route of the pathogen from primary production to consumption, and the potential effects of climate change were discussed. In addition, intervention strategies for reducing accumulation of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters were presented. A literature review revealed the following information relevant to the present study: (a) managing the safety of oysters (for human consumption) from primary production to consumption remains a challenge, (b) there are multiple factors that influence the concentration of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters from primary production to consumption, (c) climate change could possibly affect the safety of oysters, both directly and indirectly, placing public health at risk, (d) many intervention strategies have been developed to control and/or reduce the concentration of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters to acceptable levels, but most of them are mainly focused on the downstream steps of the oyster supply chain, and (c) although available regulation and/or guidelines governing the safety of oyster consumption are mostly available in developed countries, limited food safety information is available in developing countries. The information provided in this review may serve as an early warning for managing the future effects of climate change on the safety of oyster consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodali Ndraha
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hin-Chung Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hsin-I Hsiao
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan (R.O.C.).,Institute of Food Safety and Risk Management, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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20
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Assessing the equivalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus MPN and PCR quantification methods in oyster samples: A seven-year study. Food Microbiol 2019; 84:103163. [PMID: 31421786 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Data collected from FDA proficiency tests (PT) during 2012-2018 was used to evaluate the performance of most probable number (MPN) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods used to enumerate Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster samples. The primary aim was to establish whether the MPN and PCR methods can be considered equivalent. The following criterion for equivalence was applied: the absolute value of mean bias and between-sample standard deviation must both be less than 0.1 (log10). Final calculations showed mean bias and between-sample standard deviation (SD) were 0.031 and 0.117 (log10) respectively. The between-sample SD criterion was slightly relaxed because with close to 700 results, the data set was large and overall mean bias was low. It was concluded that the two methods can be considered equivalent. The use of PT data for the assessment of method rather than laboratory performance is a secondary topic addressed in this paper. Important requirements for this use of PT data include availability of sufficient results for both methods and use of real food matrices. Ultimately, the results presented here provide an example of how PT data can be used to monitor method performance across many laboratories and samples as well as to assess method equivalence.
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21
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On SLW, Althaus D, Miller WG, Lizamore D, Wong SGL, Mathai AJ, Chelikani V, Carter GP. Arcobacter cryaerophilus Isolated From New Zealand Mussels Harbor a Putative Virulence Plasmid. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1802. [PMID: 31428079 PMCID: PMC6690266 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of Arcobacter species have been described from shellfish in various countries but their presence has not been investigated in Australasia, in which shellfish are a popular delicacy. Since several arcobacters are considered to be emerging pathogens, we undertook a small study to evaluate their presence in several different shellfish, including greenshell mussels, oysters, and abalone (paua) in New Zealand. Arcobacter cryaerophilus, a species associated with human gastroenteritis, was the only species isolated, from greenshell mussels. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a range of genomic traits in these strains that were known or associated virulence factors. Furthermore, we describe the first putative virulence plasmid in Arcobacter, containing lytic, immunoavoidance, adhesion, antibiotic resistance, and gene transfer traits, among others. Complete genome sequence determination using a combination of long- and short-read genome sequencing strategies, was needed to identify the plasmid, clearly identifying its benefits. The potential for plasmids to disseminate virulence traits among Arcobacter and other species warrants further consideration by researchers interested in the risks to public health from these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L W On
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Damien Althaus
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - William G Miller
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Darrell Lizamore
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Samuel G L Wong
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Anso J Mathai
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Venkata Chelikani
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Glen P Carter
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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22
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Beshiru A, Igbinosa EO. Characterization of extracellular virulence properties and biofilm-formation capacity of Vibrio species recovered from ready-to-eat (RTE) shrimps. Microb Pathog 2018; 119:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Williams TC, Froelich BA, Phippen B, Fowler P, Noble RT, Oliver JD. Different abundance and correlational patterns exist between total and presumed pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish and waters along the North Carolina coast. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2017; 93:3836909. [PMID: 28531284 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fix071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring of Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus abundance is pertinent due to the ability of these species to cause disease in humans through aquatic vectors. Previously, we performed a multiyear investigation tracking Vibrio spp. levels in five sites along the southeastern North Carolina coast. From February 2013 to October 2015, total V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus abundance was measured in water, oysters and clams. In the current study, pathogenic subpopulations were identified in these isolates using molecular markers, revealing that 5.3% of V. vulnificus isolates possessed the virulence-correlated gene (vcgC), and 1.9% of V. parahaemolyticus isolates harbored one or both of the virulence-associated hemolysin genes (tdh and trh). Total V. parahaemolyticus abundance was not sufficient to predict the abundance of pathogenic subpopulations. Specifically, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates were more often isolated in cooler waters and were sometimes isolated when no other V. parahaemolyticus strains were detectable. Vibrio vulnificus clinical (C-) genotypes correlated with total V. vulnificus; however, salinity, water depth and total suspended solids influenced C- and E-genotypes differently. Lastly, we documented individual oysters harboring significantly higher V. vulnificus levels for which there was no ecological explanation, a phenomenon that deserves closer attention due to the potentially elevated health hazard associated with these 'hot' shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Williams
- The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Brett A Froelich
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Britney Phippen
- The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Patricia Fowler
- The North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC 28223, USA
| | - Rachel T Noble
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - James D Oliver
- The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Biological Sciences, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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24
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Konrad S, Paduraru P, Romero-Barrios P, Henderson SB, Galanis E. Remote sensing measurements of sea surface temperature as an indicator of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster meat and human illnesses. Environ Health 2017; 16:92. [PMID: 28859689 PMCID: PMC5580290 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is a naturally occurring bacterium found in marine environments worldwide. It can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans, primarily through raw oyster consumption. Water temperatures, and potentially other environmental factors, play an important role in the growth and proliferation of Vp in the environment. Quantifying the relationships between environmental variables and indicators or incidence of Vp illness is valuable for public health surveillance to inform and enable suitable preventative measures. This study aimed to assess the relationship between environmental parameters and Vp in British Columbia (BC), Canada. METHODS The study used Vp counts in oyster meat from 2002-2015 and laboratory confirmed Vp illnesses from 2011-2015 for the province of BC. The data were matched to environmental parameters from publicly available sources, including remote sensing measurements of nighttime sea surface temperature (SST) obtained from satellite readings at a spatial resolution of 1 km. Using three separate models, this paper assessed the relationship between (1) daily SST and Vp counts in oyster meat, (2) weekly mean Vp counts in oysters and weekly Vp illnesses, and (3) weekly mean SST and weekly Vp illnesses. The effects of salinity and chlorophyll a were also evaluated. Linear regression was used to quantify the relationship between SST and Vp, and piecewise regression was used to identify SST thresholds of concern. RESULTS A total of 2327 oyster samples and 293 laboratory confirmed illnesses were included. In model 1, both SST and salinity were significant predictors of log(Vp) counts in oyster meat. In model 2, the mean log(Vp) count in oyster meat was a significant predictor of Vp illnesses. In model 3, weekly mean SST was a significant predictor of weekly Vp illnesses. The piecewise regression models identified a SST threshold of approximately 14oC for both model 1 and 3, indicating increased risk of Vp in oyster meat and Vp illnesses at higher temperatures. CONCLUSION Monitoring of SST, particularly through readily accessible remote sensing data, could serve as a warning signal for Vp and help inform the introduction and cessation of preventative or control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Konrad
- Canadian Field Epidemiology Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9 Canada
- BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 Canada
| | - Peggy Paduraru
- BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Pablo Romero-Barrios
- BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 Canada
| | - Sarah B. Henderson
- BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Eleni Galanis
- BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
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25
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Urquhart EA, Jones SH, Yu JW, Schuster BM, Marcinkiewicz AL, Whistler CA, Cooper VS. Environmental Conditions Associated with Elevated Vibrio parahaemolyticus Concentrations in Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155018. [PMID: 27144925 PMCID: PMC4856376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports from state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate that the annual number of reported human vibriosis cases in New England has increased in the past decade. Concurrently, there has been a shift in both the spatial distribution and seasonal detection of Vibrio spp. throughout the region based on limited monitoring data. To determine environmental factors that may underlie these emerging conditions, this study focuses on a long-term database of Vibrio parahaemolyticus concentrations in oyster samples generated from data collected from the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire over a period of seven consecutive years. Oyster samples from two distinct sites were analyzed for V. parahaemolyticus abundance, noting significant relationships with various biotic and abiotic factors measured during the same period of study. We developed a predictive modeling tool capable of estimating the likelihood of V. parahaemolyticus presence in coastal New Hampshire oysters. Results show that the inclusion of chlorophyll a concentration to an empirical model otherwise employing only temperature and salinity variables, offers improved predictive capability for modeling the likelihood of V. parahaemolyticus in the Great Bay Estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Urquhart
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Stephen H. Jones
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jong W. Yu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Brian M. Schuster
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Ashley L. Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Whistler
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Vaughn S. Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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26
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Xu X, Cheng J, Wu Q, Zhang J, Xie T. Prevalence, characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from retail aquatic products in North China. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:32. [PMID: 26955871 PMCID: PMC4784357 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen, particularly in Asian countries. Increased occurrence of outbreaks of V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in China indicates the need to evaluation of the prevalence of this pathogenic species. V. parahaemolyticus distribution in shellfish from the eastern coast of China has been reported previously. However, to date, the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in retail aquatic products in North China has not been determined. To investigate the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic products in North China, 260 aquatic product samples were obtained from retail markets in 6 provinces of North China from November to December in 2012 and July to August in 2013. Results V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 94 (36.2 %) of the samples by the most probable number method. The density of V. parahaemolyticus ranged from 1.50 to 1100 MPN/g. V. parahaemolyticus was detected at a rate of 50.0 % and 22.7 % in summer and in winter, respectively. The density of V. parahaemolyticus was significantly higher in summer than in winter, with mean levels of 16.5 MPN/g and 5.0 MPN/g, respectively. Among 145 V. parahaemolyticus isolates examined, none of the isolates possessed tdh and trh. In multiplex PCR-based O-antigen serotyping of these 145 isolates, all serotypes, other than O6, O7, and O9, were detected, and serotype O2 was found to be the most prevalent (detected in 54 isolates). The 145 isolates were grouped into 7 clusters by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) at a similarity coefficient of 0.66. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of these 145 isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents revealed that most of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin (86.2 %), while fewer were resistant to ampicillin (49.6 %), cefazolin (43.5 %), cephalothin (35.9 %), and kanamycin (22.1 %). All of the examined isolates were susceptible to azithromycin and chloramphenicol. Conclusions The findings of this study will help in defining appropriate monitoring programs, understanding of the dissemination of antibiotic resistant strains, and providing information for the assessment of exposure to this microorganism at the consumption level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0650-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, No. 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Jianheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, No. 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, No. 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, No. 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Tengfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, No. 100 Central Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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Cruz C, Chycka M, Hedderley D, Fletcher G. Prevalence, characteristics and ecology of Vibrio vulnificus
found in New Zealand shellfish. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1100-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.D. Cruz
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Auckland New Zealand
| | - M. Chycka
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Auckland New Zealand
| | - D. Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - G.C. Fletcher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Auckland New Zealand
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28
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Froelich BA, Noble RT. Vibrio bacteria in raw oysters: managing risks to human health. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150209. [PMID: 26880841 PMCID: PMC4760139 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human-pathogenic marine bacteria Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus are strongly correlated with water temperature, with concentrations increasing as waters warm seasonally. Both of these bacteria can be concentrated in filter-feeding shellfish, especially oysters. Because oysters are often consumed raw, this exposes people to large doses of potentially harmful bacteria. Various models are used to predict the abundance of these bacteria in oysters, which guide shellfish harvest policy meant to reduce human health risk. Vibrio abundance and behaviour varies from site to site, suggesting that location-specific studies are needed to establish targeted risk reduction strategies. Moreover, virulence potential, rather than simple abundance, should be also be included in future modeling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Froelich
- The Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Rachel T Noble
- The Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
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29
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Lopez-Joven C, de Blas I, Furones MD, Roque A. Prevalences of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in mollusks from the Spanish Mediterranean Coast. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:736. [PMID: 26284033 PMCID: PMC4523031 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a well-recognized pathogen of humans. To better understand the ecology of the human-pathogenic variants of this bacterium in the environment, a study on the prevalence in bivalves of pathogenic variants (tlh+ and tdh+ and/or trh+) versus a non-pathogenic one (only tlh+ as species marker for V. parahaemolyticus), was performed in two bays in Catalonia, Spain. Environmental factors that might affect dynamics of both variants of V. parahaemolyticus were taken into account. The results showed that the global prevalence of total V. parahaemolyticus found in both bays was 14.2% (207/1459). It was, however, significantly dependent on sampling point, campaign (year) and bivalve species. Pathogenic variants of V. parahaemolyticus (tdh+ and/or trh+) were detected in 3.8% of the samples (56/1459), meaning that the proportion of bivalves who contained tlh gene were contaminated by pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains is 27.1% (56/207). Moreover, the presence of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus (trh+) was significantly correlated with water salinity, thus the probability of finding pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus decreased 1.45 times with every salinity unit (ppt) increased. Additionally, data showed that V. parahaemolyticus could establish close associations with Ruditapes spp. (P-value < 0.001), which could enhance the transmission of illness to human by pathogenic variants, when clams were eaten raw or slightly cooked. This study provides information on the abundance, ecology and characteristics of total and human-pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus variants associated with bivalves cultured in the Spanish Mediterranean Coast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio de Blas
- Laboratory of Fish Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Ana Roque
- IRTA-SCR Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
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30
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Wang R, Zhong Y, Gu X, Yuan J, Saeed AF, Wang S. The pathogenesis, detection, and prevention of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:144. [PMID: 25798132 PMCID: PMC4350439 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a Gram-negative motile bacterium that inhabits marine and estuarine environments throughout the world, is a major food-borne pathogen that causes life-threatening diseases in humans after the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. The global occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus accentuates the importance of investigating its virulence factors and their effects on the human host. This review describes the virulence factors of V. parahaemolyticus reported to date, including hemolysin, urease, two type III secretion systems and two type VI secretion systems, which both cause both cytotoxicity in cultured cells and enterotoxicity in animal models. We describe various types of detection methods, based on virulence factors, that are used for quantitative detection of V. parahaemolyticus in seafood. We also discuss some useful preventive measures and therapeutic strategies for the diseases mediated by V. parahaemolyticus, which can reduce, to some extent, the damage to humans and aquatic animals attributable to V. parahaemolyticus. This review extends our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of V. parahaemolyticus mediated by virulence factors and the diseases it causes in its human host. It should provide new insights for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of V. parahaemolyticus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Abdullah F Saeed
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry and Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou, China
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