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Imanian B, Hemmatinafar M, Daryanoosh F, Koureshfard N, Sadeghi R, Niknam A, Rezaei R, Qashqaei A. The effect of probiotics and casein supplementation on aerobic capacity parameters of male soccer players. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2382165. [PMID: 39039903 PMCID: PMC11268215 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2382165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the realm of sports science, nutrition is a well-established pillar for athletes' training, performance, and post-workout recovery. However, the role of gut microbiota, often overlooked, is a novel and intriguing aspect that can significantly impact athletic performance. With this in mind, our study ventures into uncharted territory, investigating the effect of probiotic and casein supplementation on the aerobic capacity of male soccer players. METHOD A double-blinded and placebo-controlled study was conducted with 44 male soccer players (Age: 22.81 ± 2.76 yr, Height: 177.90 ± 6.75 cm, Weight: 67.42 ± 8.44 kg). The participants were subjected to the Bruce test in the beginning; then, they were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of 11 people: probiotics (PRO), casein (CAS), probiotics with casein (PRO+CAS), and placebo (PLA). PRO group was given one probiotic capsule (containing strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BP06, Lacticaseibacillus casei BP07, Lactobacillus acidophilus BA05, Lactobacillus delbrueckii BD08 bulgaricus, Bifidobacterium infantis BI04, Bifidobacterium longum BL03, Bifidobacterium breve BB02 and Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus BT01, with a total dose of 4.5 × 1011 CFU) during dinner, while the CAS group consumed 20 grams of casein powder 45 minutes before bed. The PRO+CAS group was given one probiotic capsule during dinner and 20 grams of casein powder 45 minutes before bed. The participants in the PLA group were given one red capsule (containing 5 grams of starch) during dinner. All participants were instructed to take the supplements only on training days, three times a week for four weeks. The maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), Ventilatory Threshold (VT), Time-to-exhaustion (TTE), Respiratory Compensation Point (RCP), Isocapnic area Time (Time-IC), Isocapnic area oxygen consumption (VO2-IC), and Hypocapnic Hyperventilation area Time (Time-HHV), after the Bruce test were Measured. All data were analyzed using SPSS Windows software, mixed repeated measure ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test at p < 0.05 level. RESULTS The current study's findings illustrated that, after the intervention, TTE (p = 0.01) and RCP (p = 0.01) were significantly improved in PRO+CAS compared to the PLA group. No significant difference was observed between PRO and PLA (p = 0.52), PRO and CAS (p = 0.999), PRO and PRO+CAS (p = 0.9), CAS and PLA (p = 0.65), CAS and PRO+CAS (p = 0.73) in TTE. In addition, no significant difference was observed between PRO and CAS (p = 0.999), PRO and PLA (p = 0.40), PRO and PRO+CAS (p = 0.999), CAS and PLA (p = 0.263), CAS and PRO+CAS (p = 0.999) in RCP. Time-HHV was significantly higher in PRO+CAS (p = 0.000) and CAS (p = 0.047) compared to the PLA group. However, no significant difference was observed in the Time-HHV between PRO and CAS (p = 0.999), PRO and PRO+CAS (p = 0.25), PRO and PLA (p = 0.12), and CAS and PRO+CAS (p = 0.57). Additionally, all the groups had no significant differences in VO2max, VT1, VO2-IC and Time-IC. CONCLUSION The findings showed that consuming probiotics and casein could relatively improve the aerobic capacity of male soccer players. Nevertheless, simultaneous consumption of probiotics and casein had a more pronounced effect on aerobic capacity indicators, especially TTE and Time-HHV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Imanian
- Shiraz University, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hemmatinafar
- Shiraz University, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Daryanoosh
- Shiraz University, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Koureshfard
- Shiraz University, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Sadeghi
- Shiraz University, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Niknam
- Shiraz University, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Rezaei
- Shiraz University, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Qashqaei
- Shiraz University, Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz, Iran
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Cárdenas-Castro AP, Sost MM, Gutiérrez-Sarmiento W, Ruíz-Valdiviezo VM, Mateos-Briz R, Sáyago-Ayerdi SG, Venema K. Analyzing the gut microbiota and microbial-associated metabolites of tomato-based sauces. Food Chem 2024; 460:140664. [PMID: 39116774 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Red Cooked Sauce (RCS) and Red Raw Sauce (RRS) are a mixture of natural crops that have a promising content of bioactive compounds (BC). The aim was to determine the effect of the indigestible fraction (IF) during the colonic fermentation in RCS and RRS by studying the two-way relationship between gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolites produced from BC fermented in the TNO in vitro dynamic model of the human colon (TIM-2). Total BC in undigested and predigested RRS, 957 and 715 mg/100 g DW, respectively, was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the RCS, 571 and 406 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Catenibacterium and Holdemanella increased during RCS fermentation, while 13 genera showed a clear positive correlation with most microbial phenolic metabolites. Our findings suggest that the mechanisms, pathways, and enzymes involved in producing microbial metabolites exhibited uniqueness among bacterial taxa, even within shared genus/family classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Paulina Cárdenas-Castro
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country, CP 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Mônica Maurer Sost
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Gutiérrez-Sarmiento
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla-Gutiérrez, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Carretera Panamericana km 1080, CP 29050, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla-Gutiérrez, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Carretera Panamericana km 1080, CP 29050, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Raquel Mateos-Briz
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Av. Tecnológico No 2595, Col. Lagos del Country, CP 63175 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation (HEFI), Maastricht University - campus Venlo, Villafloraweg 1, 5928 SZ Venlo, the Netherlands.
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Lou Y, Wen X, Song S, Zeng Y, Huang L, Xie Z, Shao T, Wen C. Dietary pectin and inulin: A promising adjuvant supplement for collagen-induced arthritis through gut microbiome restoration and CD4 + T cell reconstitution. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109699. [PMID: 38972609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Dietary strategies rich in fiber have been demonstrated to offer benefits to individuals afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the specific mechanisms through which a high-fiber diet (HFD) mitigates RA's autoimmunity remain elusive. Herein, we investigate the influence of pectin- and inulin-rich HFD on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We establish that HFD significantly alleviates arthritis in CIA mice by regulating the Th17/Treg balance. The rectification of aberrant T cell differentiation by the HFD is linked to the modulation of gut microbiota, augmenting the abundance of butyrate in feces. Concurrently, adding butyrate to the drinking water mirrors the HFD's impact on ameliorating CIA, encompassing arthritis mitigation, regulating intestinal barrier integrity, and restoring the Th17/Treg equilibrium. Butyrate reshapes the metabolic profile of CD4+ T cells in an AMPK-dependent manner. Our research underscores the importance of dietary interventions in rectifying gut microbiota for RA management and offers an explanation of how diet-derived microbial metabolites influence RA's immune-inflammatory-reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lou
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianghui Wen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyue Song
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Zeng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The 2ND Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiejuan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Chengping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Li Q, Ruscheweyh HJ, Østergaard LH, Libertella M, Simonsen KS, Sunagawa S, Scoma A, Schwab C. Trait-based study predicts glycerol/diol dehydratases as a key function of the gut microbiota of hindgut-fermenting carnivores. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:178. [PMID: 39300575 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial pdu and cob-cbi-hem gene clusters encode the key enzyme glycerol/diol dehydratase (PduCDE), which mediates the transformation of dietary nutrients glycerol and 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) to a variety of metabolites, and enzymes for cobalamin synthesis, a co-factor and shared good of microbial communities. It was the aim of this study to relate pdu as a multipurpose functional trait to environmental conditions and microbial community composition. We collected fecal samples from wild animal species living in captivity with different gut physiology and diet (n = 55, in total 104 samples), determined occurrence and diversity of pdu and cob-cbi-hem using a novel approach combining metagenomics with quantification of metabolic and genetic biomarkers, and conducted in vitro fermentations to test for trait-based activity. RESULTS Fecal levels of the glycerol transformation product 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) were higher in hindgut than foregut fermenters. Gene-based analyses indicated that pduC harboring taxa are common feature of captive wild animal fecal microbiota that occur more frequently and at higher abundance in hindgut fermenters. Phylogenetic analysis of genomes reconstructed from metagenomic sequences identified captive wild animal fecal microbiota as taxonomically rich with a total of 4150 species and > 1800 novel species but pointed at only 56 species that at least partially harbored pdu and cbi-cob-hem. While taxonomic diversity was highest in fecal samples of foregut-fermenting herbivores, higher pduC abundance and higher diversity of pdu/cbi-cob-hem related to higher potential for glycerol and 1,2-PD utilization of the less diverse microbiota of hindgut-fermenting carnivores in vitro. CONCLUSION Our approach combining metabolite and gene biomarker analysis with metagenomics and phenotypic characterization identified Pdu as a common function of fecal microbiota of captive wild animals shared by few taxa and stratified the potential of fecal microbiota for glycerol/1,2-PD utilization and cobalamin synthesis depending on diet and physiology of the host. This trait-based study suggests that the ability to utilize glycerol/1,2-PD is a key function of hindgut-fermenting carnivores, which does not relate to overall community diversity but links to the potential for cobalamin formation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Arhus, Denmark
- Present address: National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lærke Hartmann Østergaard
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Arhus, Denmark
| | - Micael Libertella
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Arhus, Denmark
| | | | - Shinichi Sunagawa
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Scoma
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Arhus, Denmark
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Arhus, Denmark.
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Wang PP, Wang LJ, Fan YQ, Dou ZJ, Han JX, Wang B. Analysis of the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in patients with different severity of obstructive sleep apnea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21552. [PMID: 39285240 PMCID: PMC11405394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota imbalance plays an important role in the progression of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and is considered to be the main mediator that triggers metabolic comorbidities. Here, we analyzed the changes in intestinal microbiota in patients with different severities of OSA based on apnea hypopnea index (AHI) classification, and explored the role of intestinal microbiota in the severity of OSA. This study included 19 healthy volunteers and 45 patients with OSA [5 ≤ AHI < 15 (n = 14), 15 ≤ AHI < 30 (n = 13), AHI ≥ 30 (n = 18)]. Relevant sleep monitoring data and medical history data were collected, and microbial composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. The diversity analysis of intestinal microbiota among different groups of people was conducted, including alpha diversity, beta diversity, species diversity, and marker species as well as differential functional metabolic pathway prediction analysis. With the increase of AHI classification, the alpha diversity in patients with OSA significantly decreased. The results revealed that the severity of OSA is associated with differences in the structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota. The abundance of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids (such as Bacteroides, Ruminococcacea, and Faecalibacterium) in severe OSA is significantly reduced and a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Random forest analysis showed that Parabacteroides was a biomarker genus with important discriminatory significance. The differential metabolic pathway prediction function shows that the main function of maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis is biosynthetic function. Our results show that the differences in the composition of intestinal microbiota in patients with different severities of OSA are mainly related to short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. These changes may play a pathological role in OSA combined with metabolic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Wang
- Department of the Second Clinical Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xian, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Fan
- Department of the General Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Dou
- Department of Respiratory, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jian-Xing Han
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
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Zhou G, Li J, Liang X, Yang B, He X, Tang H, Guo H, Liu G, Cui W, Chen Y, Yang Y. Multi-omics revealed the mechanism of feed efficiency in sheep by the combined action of the host and rumen microbiota. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 18:367-379. [PMID: 39290858 PMCID: PMC11406083 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate potential regulatory mechanisms of feed efficiency (FE) in sheep by linking rumen microbiota with its host by the multi-omics analysis. One hundred and ninety-eight hybrid female sheep (initial body weight = 30.88 ± 4.57 kg; 4-month-old) were selected as candidate sheep. Each test sheep was fed in an individual pen for 60 days, and the residual feed intake (RFI) was calculated. The ten candidate sheep with the highest RFI were divided into the Low-FE group, and the ten with the lowest RFI were divided into the High-FE group, all selected for sample collection. The RFI, average daily gain and average daily feed intake were highly significantly different between the two experimental groups (P < 0.05). Compared with Low-FE group, the insulin-like growth factor-1 and very low-density lipoprotein in serum and the propionate in rumen significantly increased in High-FE group (P < 0.01), but the acetate:propionate ratio in rumen significantly decreased in High-FE group (P = 0.034). Metagenomics revealed Selenomonas ruminantium, Selenomonas sp. and Faecalibacterium prausnitzi i were key bacteria, and increased abundance of the genes encoding the enzymes for cellulose degradation and production of propionate in High-FE group. The results of proteomics and section showed the rumen papilla length (P < 0.001) and expression of carbonic anhydrase and Na+/K+-ATPase were significantly higher in High-FE group (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the acetyl-CoA content significantly increased in the liver of High-FE group (P = 0.002). The relative expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and apolipoprotein A4 genes were significantly up-regulated in the liver of High-FE group (P < 0.01), but relative expression level of monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3 gene was significantly down-regulated (P = 0.037). These findings provide the mechanism by which the collaborative interaction between rumen microbiota fermentation and host uptake and metabolism of fermentation products impacts feed efficiency traits in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Junda Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuhui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bohua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ximeng He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongran Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenyuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Park J, Nam KH, Nam BY, Kim G, Kim H, Lee KU, Song SC, Nam TW, Kim WK, Park JT, Yoo TH, Kang SW, Ko G, Han SH. Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 protects against kidney injury via improving mitochondrial function with chronic kidney disease. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:2121-2135. [PMID: 38705901 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent advances have led to greater recognition of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There has been evidence that CKD is also associated with dysbiosis. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether probiotic supplements can have protective effects against kidney injury via improving mitochondrial function. METHODS An animal model of CKD was induced by feeding C57BL/6 mice a diet containing 0.2% adenine. KBL409, a strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus, was administered via oral gavage at a dose of 1 × 109 CFU daily. To clarify the underlying mechanisms by which probiotics exert protective effects on mitochondria in CKD, primary mouse tubular epithelial cells stimulated with TGF-β and p-cresyl sulfate were administered with butyrate. RESULTS In CKD mice, PGC-1α and AMPK, key mitochondrial energy metabolism regulators, were down-regulated. In addition, mitochondrial dynamics shifted toward fission, the number of fragmented cristae increased, and mitochondrial mass decreased. These alterations were restored by KBL409 administration. KBL409 supplementation also improved defects in fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis and restored the suppressed enzyme levels involved in TCA cycle. Accordingly, there was a concomitant improvement in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production assessed by mitochondrial function assay. These favorable effects of KBL409 on mitochondria ultimately decreased kidney fibrosis in CKD mice. In vitro analyses with butyrate recapitulated the findings of animal study. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 protects against kidney injury via improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ki Heon Nam
- Division of Integrated Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoungnae Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Woon-Ki Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - GwangPyo Ko
- KoBiolabs, Inc., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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Archana, Gupta AK, Noumani A, Panday DK, Zaidi F, Sahu GK, Joshi G, Yadav M, Borah SJ, Susmitha V, Mohan A, Kumar A, Solanki PR. Gut microbiota derived short-chain fatty acids in physiology and pathology: An update. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4108. [PMID: 39228159 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are essential molecules produced by gut bacteria that fuel intestinal cells and may also influence overall health. An imbalance of SCFAs can result in various acute and chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC). This review delves into the multifaceted roles of SCFAs, including a brief discussion on their source and various gut-residing bacteria. Primary techniques used for detection of SCFAs, including gas chromatography, high-performance gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and capillary electrophoresis are also discussed through this article. This review study also compiles various synthesis pathways of SCFAs from diverse substrates such as sugar, acetone, ethanol and amino acids. The different pathways through which SCFAs enter cells for immune response regulation are also highlighted. A major emphasis is the discussion on diseases associated with SCFA dysregulation, such as anaemia, brain development, CRC, depression, obesity and diabetes. This includes exploring the relationship between SCFA levels across ethnicities and their connection with blood pressure and CRC. In conclusion, this review highlights the critical role of SCFAs in maintaining gut health and their implications in various diseases, emphasizing the need for further research on SCFA detection, synthesis and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Future studies of SCFAs will pave the way for the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for optimizing gut health and preventing diseases associated with SCFA dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijeet Kumar Gupta
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashab Noumani
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Panday
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Fareen Zaidi
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Sahu
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Joshi
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Yadav
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Jyoti Borah
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Vanne Susmitha
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Mohan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Nano-Bio Laboratory, Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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9
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Yao H, Flanagan BM, Williams BA, Wu X, Mikkelsen D, Gidley MJ. Differential effects of pectin-based dietary fibre type and gut microbiota composition on in vitro fermentation outcomes. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122284. [PMID: 38823935 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Interactions between human gut microbiota and dietary fibres (DF) are influenced by the complexity and diversity of both individual microbiota and sources of DF. Based on 480 in vitro fermentations, a full factorial experiment was performed with six faecal inocula representing two enterotypes and three DF sources with nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter length-scales (apple pectin, apple cell walls and apple particles) at two concentrations. Increasing DF size reduced substrate disappearance and fermentation rates but not biomass growth. Concentrated DF enhanced butyrate production and lactate cross-feeding. Enterotype differentiated final microbial compositions but not biomass or fermentation metabolite profiles. Individual donor microbiota differences did not influence DF type or concentration effects but were manifested in the promotion of different functional microbes within each population with the capacity to degrade the DF substrates. Overall, consistent effects (independent of donor microbiota variation) of DF type and concentration on kinetics of substrate degradation, microbial biomass production, gas kinetics and metabolite profiles were found, which can form the basis for informed design of DF for desired rates/sites and consequences of gut fermentation. These results add further evidence to the concept that, despite variations between individuals, the human gut microbiota represents a community with conserved emergent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bernadine M Flanagan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Barbara A Williams
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiyang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Deirdre Mikkelsen
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Michael J Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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10
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Jan T, Negi R, Sharma B, Kumar S, Singh S, Rai AK, Shreaz S, Rustagi S, Chaudhary N, Kaur T, Kour D, Sheikh MA, Kumar K, Yadav AN, Ahmed N. Next generation probiotics for human health: An emerging perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35980. [PMID: 39229543 PMCID: PMC11369468 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, the scientific community has acknowledged the crucial role of certain microbial strains inhabiting the intestinal ecosystem in promoting human health, and participating in various beneficial functions for the host. These microorganisms are now referred to as next-generation probiotics and are currently considered as biotherapeutic products and food or nutraceutical supplements. However, the majority of next-generation probiotic candidates pose nutritional demands and exhibit high sensitivity towards aerobic conditions, leading to numerous technological hurdles in large-scale production. This underscores the need for the development of suitable delivery systems capable of enhancing the viability and functionality of these probiotic strains. Currently, potential candidates for next generation probiotics (NGP) are being sought among gut bacteria linked to health, which include strains from the genera Bacteroids, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia and Clostridium. In contrast to Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., NGP, particularly Bacteroids spp. and Clostridium spp., appear to exhibit greater ambiguity regarding their potential to induce infectious diseases. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of NGPs in terms of their health beneficial effects, regulation framework and risk assessment targeting relevant criteria for commercialization in food and pharmaceutical markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawseefa Jan
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeshwari Negi
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Babita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Science, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangram Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Shreaz
- Desert Agriculture and Ecosystem Department, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Depratment of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Depratment of Food Science and Technology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Divjot Kour
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Science, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aaqib Sheikh
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Food Technology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
- Chitkara Center for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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11
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Attaye I, Witjes JJ, Koopen AM, van der Vossen EW, Zwirs D, Wortelboer K, Collard D, Kemper EM, Winkelmeijer M, Holst JJ, Hazen SL, Kuipers F, Stroes ES, Groen AK, de Vos WM, Nieuwdorp M, Herrema H. Oral Anaerobutyricum soehngenii augments glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. iScience 2024; 27:110455. [PMID: 39139405 PMCID: PMC11321313 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the impact of 14-day Anaerobutyricum soehngenii L2-7 supplementation on postprandial glucose levels in 25 White Dutch males with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on stable metformin therapy. The primary endpoint was the effect of A. soehngenii versus placebo on glucose excursions and variability as determined by continuous glucose monitoring. Secondary endpoints were changes in ambulatory 24-h blood pressure, incretins, circulating metabolites and excursions of plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids upon a standardized meal. Results showed that A. soehngenii supplementation for 14 days significantly improved glycemic variability and mean arterial blood pressure, without notable changes in SCFAs, bile acids, incretin levels, or anthropometric parameters as compared to placebo-treated controls. Although well-tolerated and effective in improving glycemic control in the intervention group, further research in larger and more diverse populations is needed to generalize these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Attaye
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julia J. Witjes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annefleur M. Koopen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Diona Zwirs
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Koen Wortelboer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Didier Collard
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elles Marleen Kemper
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Winkelmeijer
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jens J. Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics and European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Erik S.G. Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Herrema
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Diabetes & Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Borewicz K, Hornung B, Gu F, van der Zaal PH, Schols HA, Schaap PJ, Smidt H. Metatranscriptomic analysis indicates prebiotic effect of isomalto/malto-polysaccharides on human colonic microbiota in-vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18866. [PMID: 39143192 PMCID: PMC11324910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69685-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Isomalto/malto-polysaccharides (IMMPs) are a novel type of soluble dietary fibres with a prebiotic potential promoting growth of beneficial microbes in the gut. However, the mode of action of IMMPs remains unknown. Previous studies on IMMPs showed an increase in total bacteria, especially lactobacilli, and higher production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) when IMMPs were fed to rats or used during in vitro fermentation. Here we used metatranscriptomics to investigate how IMMPs with different amounts of α - (1 → 6) glycosidic linkages affected microbial function during incubation with human fecal inoculum. We showed that active microbial community dynamics during fermentation varied depending on the type of IMMP used and that the observed changes were reflected in the community gene expression profiles. Based on metatranscriptome analysis, members of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were the predominant degraders of IMMPs, and the increased gene expression in these bacteria correlated with high amounts of α - (1 → 6) glycosidic linkages. We also noted an increase in relative abundance of these bacteria and an activation of pathways involved in SCFA synthesis. Our findings could provide a baseline for more targeted approaches in designing prebiotics for specific bacteria and to achieve more controlled modulation of microbial activity towards desired health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Borewicz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Mead Johnson, Middenkampweg 2, 6545 CJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastian Hornung
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- CBG-MEB, Graadt Van Roggenweg 500, 3531AH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Fangjie Gu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- TUMCREATE, 1 CREATE Way, CREATE Tower, #10-02, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Pieter H van der Zaal
- Biobased Chemistry and Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- IFF, Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Abbasi A, Bazzaz S, Da Cruz AG, Khorshidian N, Saadat YR, Sabahi S, Ozma MA, Lahouty M, Aslani R, Mortazavian AM. A Critical Review on Akkermansia muciniphila: Functional Mechanisms, Technological Challenges, and Safety Issues. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1376-1398. [PMID: 37432597 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to its physiological benefits from in vitro and in vivo points of view, Akkermansia muciniphila, a common colonizer in the human gut mucous layer, has consistently been identified as an option for the next-generation probiotic. A. muciniphila is a significant bacterium that promotes host physiology. However, it also has a great deal of potential to become a probiotic due to its physiological advantages in a variety of therapeutic circumstances. Therefore, it can be established that the abundance of A. muciniphila in the gut environment, which is controlled by many genetic and dietary variables, is related to the biological behaviors of the intestinal microbiota and gut dysbiosis/eubiosis circumstances. Before A. muciniphila is widely utilized as a next-generation probiotic, regulatory obstacles, the necessity for significant clinical trials, and the sustainability of manufacturing must be eliminated. In this review, the outcomes of recent experimental and clinical reports are comprehensively reviewed, and common colonization patterns, main factors involved in the colonization of A. muciniphila in the gut milieu, their functional mechanisms in establishing homeostasis in the metabolic and energy pathways, the promising delivery role of microencapsulation, potential genetic engineering strategies, and eventually safety issues of A. muciniphila have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Bazzaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Adriano G Da Cruz
- Department of Food Processing, Federal Institute of Science and Technology Education of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ) - Campus Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nasim Khorshidian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sahar Sabahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Asghari Ozma
- Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoud Lahouty
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ramin Aslani
- Food Safety and Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir M Mortazavian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Gryaznova M, Smirnova Y, Burakova I, Syromyatnikov M, Chizhkov P, Popov E, Popov V. Changes in the Human Gut Microbiome Caused by the Short-Term Impact of Lactic Acid Bacteria Consumption in Healthy People. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1240-1250. [PMID: 37365419 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is one of the main factors affecting human health. It has been proven that probiotics can regulate the metabolism in the host body. A large number of people use probiotics not as medicines, but as a prophylactic supplement. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria on the gut microbiome of healthy people using the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our study showed changes in the generic composition in the gut of healthy people when taking the supplement. There was an increase in the members responsible for the production of short-chain fatty acids in the gut of the host (Blautia, Fusicatenibacter, Eubacterium hallii group, Ruminococcus), as well as bacteria that improve intestinal homeostasis (Dorea and Barnesiella). There was also a decrease in the abundance of bacteria in the genera Catenibacterium, Hungatella, Escherichia-Shigella, and Pseudomonas, associated with an unhealthy profile of the human gut microbiome. An increase in members of the phylum Actinobacteriota was also observed, which has a positive effect on the host organism. Our results indicate that short-term prophylactic use of lactic acid bacteria-based supplements can be effective, as it contributes to a beneficial effect on the gut microbiome of healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Gryaznova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya Smirnova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Inna Burakova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Mikhail Syromyatnikov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036, Voronezh, Russia.
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia.
| | - Pavel Chizhkov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Evgeny Popov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily Popov
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
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15
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Hesser LA, Puente AA, Arnold J, Ionescu E, Mirmira A, Talasani N, Lopez J, Maccio-Maretto L, Mimee M, Nagler CR. A synbiotic of Anaerostipes caccae and lactulose prevents and treats food allergy in mice. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:1163-1176.e6. [PMID: 38906158 PMCID: PMC11239278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Depletion of beneficial microbes by modern lifestyle factors correlates with the rising prevalence of food allergies. Re-introduction of allergy-protective bacteria may be an effective treatment strategy. We characterized the fecal microbiota of healthy and food-allergic infants and found that the anaerobe Anaerostipes caccae (A. caccae) was representative of the protective capacity of the healthy microbiota. We isolated a strain of A. caccae from the feces of a healthy infant and identified lactulose as a prebiotic to optimize butyrate production by A. caccae in vitro. Administration of a synbiotic composed of our isolated A. caccae strain and lactulose increased luminal butyrate in gnotobiotic mice colonized with feces from an allergic infant and in antibiotic-treated specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice, and prevented or treated an anaphylactic response to allergen challenge. The synbiotic's efficacy in two models and microbial contexts suggests that it may be a promising approach for the treatment of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Hesser
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Armando A Puente
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jack Arnold
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Edward Ionescu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anjali Mirmira
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nidhi Talasani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lopez
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mark Mimee
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cathryn R Nagler
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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16
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Lee NK, Jang HJ, Paik HD. Non-lactic acid bacteria probiotics isolated from intestine or various circumstances. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:1997-2007. [PMID: 39130655 PMCID: PMC11315843 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms beneficial to host health, predominantly comprising lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus. Additional non-LAB probiotics, termed intestinal isolates, encompass next-generation strains like Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Christensenella minuta, Anaerobutyricum soehngenii, Oxalobacter formigenes, etc. and alongside externally sourced Bacillus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Clostridium butyricum, and Propionibacterium. Intestinal-derived probiotics represent strictly anaerobic strains with challenging culturing requirements, contrasting with the aerobic nature of Bacillus probiotics and the ease of culturing S. cerevisiae. These strains exhibit diverse health-promoting properties, encompassing antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and vitamin production capabilities, albeit contingent upon strain specificity. This review delineates the characteristics, culturing conditions, and health advantages associated with non-LAB probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resource, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
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17
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Hasnain MA, Kang D, Moon GS. Research trends of next generation probiotics. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2111-2121. [PMID: 39130671 PMCID: PMC11315851 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut represents one of the largest interfaces for the interaction of host factors and the environmental ones. Gut microbiota, largely dominated by bacterial community, plays a significant role in the health status of the host. The healthy gut microbiota fulfills several vital functions such as energy metabolism, disease protection, and immune modulation. Dysbiosis, characterized by microbial imbalance, can contribute to the development of various disorders, including intestinal, systemic, metabolic, and neurodegenerative conditions. Probiotics offer the potential to address dysbiosis and improve overall health. Advancements in high-throughput sequencing, bioinformatics, and omics have enabled mechanistic studies for the development of bespoke probiotics, referred to as next generation probiotics. These tailor-made probiotics have the potential to ameliorate specific disease conditions and thus fulfill the specific consumer needs. This review discusses recent updates on the most promising next generation probiotics, along with the challenges that must be addressed to translate this concept into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel Hasnain
- Major in IT·Biohealth Convergence, Department of IT·Energy Convergence, Graduate School, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae‑Kyung Kang
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116 Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Seong Moon
- Major in IT·Biohealth Convergence, Department of IT·Energy Convergence, Graduate School, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469 Republic of Korea
- Major in Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, 27909 Republic of Korea
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong, 27909 Republic of Korea
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18
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Liu Y, Pang H, Li N, Jiao Y, Zhang Z, Zhu Q. The Metabolic Functional Feature of Gut Microbiota in Mongolian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1214-1221. [PMID: 38783719 PMCID: PMC11239439 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2402.02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The accumulating evidence substantiates the indispensable role of gut microbiota in modulating the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Uncovering the intricacies of the mechanism is imperative in aiding disease control efforts. Revealing key bacterial species, their metabolites and/or metabolic pathways from the vast array of gut microorganisms can significantly contribute to precise treatment of the disease. With a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Inner Mongolia, China, we recruited volunteers from among the Mongolian population to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and the disease. Fecal samples were collected from the Volunteers of Mongolia with Type 2 Diabetes group and a Control group, and detected by metagenomic analysis and untargeted metabolomics analysis. The findings suggest that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla are the predominant gut microorganisms that exert significant influence on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in the Mongolian population. In the disease group, despite an increase in the quantity of most gut microbial metabolic enzymes, there was a concomitant weakening of gut metabolic function, suggesting that the gut microbiota may be in a compensatory state during the disease stage. β-Tocotrienol may serve as a pivotal gut metabolite produced by gut microorganisms and a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetes. The metabolic biosynthesis pathways of ubiquinone and other terpenoid quinones could be the crucial mechanism through which the gut microbiota regulates type 2 diabetes. Additionally, certain Clostridium gut species may play a pivotal role in the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010110, P.R. China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Chronic Diseases, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010110, P.R. China
| | - Hui Pang
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Chronic Diseases, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010110, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Chronic Diseases, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010110, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Continuing Education (IMAU Branch of Educational and Training Center for Central Agricultural Cadre), Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010110, P.R. China
| | - Zexu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010110, P.R. China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010110, P.R. China
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19
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Raval SD, Archana G. Evaluation of synbiotic combinations of commercial probiotic strains with different prebiotics in in vitro and ex vivo human gut microcosm model. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:315. [PMID: 38904672 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Exploring probiotics for their crosstalk with the host microbiome through the fermentation of non-digestible dietary fibers (prebiotics) for their potential metabolic end-products, particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is important for understanding the endogenous host-gut microbe interaction. This study was aimed at a systematic comparison of commercially available probiotics to understand their synergistic role with specific prebiotics in SCFAs production both in vitro and in the ex vivo gut microcosm model. Probiotic strains isolated from pharmacy products including Lactobacillus sporogenes (strain not labeled), Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC53103), Streptococcus faecalis (T-110 JPC), Bacillus mesentericus (TO-AJPC), Bacillus clausii (SIN) and Saccharomyces boulardii (CNCM I-745) were assessed for their probiotic traits including survival, antibiotic susceptibility, and antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains. Our results showed that the microorganisms under study had strain-specific abilities to persist in human gastrointestinal conditions and varied anti-infective efficacy and antibiotic susceptibility. The probiotic strains displayed variation in the utilization of six different prebiotic substrates for their growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Their prebiotic scores (PS) revealed which were the most suitable prebiotic carbohydrates for the growth of each strain and suggested xylooligosaccharide (XOS) was the poorest utilized among all. HPLC analysis revealed a versatile pattern of SCFAs produced as end-products of prebiotic fermentation by the strains which was influenced by growth conditions. Selected synbiotic (prebiotic and probiotic) combinations showing high PS and high total SCFAs production were tested in an ex vivo human gut microcosm model. Interestingly, significantly higher butyrate and propionate production was found only when synbiotics were applied as against when individual probiotic or prebiotics were applied alone. qRT-PCR analysis with specific primers showed that there was a significant increase in the abundance of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria with synbiotic blends compared to pre-, or probiotics alone. In conclusion, this work presents findings to suggest prebiotic combinations with different well-established probiotic strains that may be useful for developing effective synbiotic blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani D Raval
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390 002, India
| | - G Archana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Center, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390 002, India.
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20
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Viteri-Echeverría J, Andrés A, Calvo-Lerma J, Heredia A, García-Hernández J, Asensio-Grau A. In vitro screening of the impact of dietary prebiotic components, probiotic strains, and their symbiotic combinations on colonic microbiota in children with cystic fibrosis. Food Funct 2024; 15:6512-6522. [PMID: 38804915 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00325j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Children with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) are more likely to have intestinal dysbiosis due to recurrent antibiotic therapy and the conventional hypercaloric diet administered to them. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of isolated prebiotic components and probiotic strains, and their combinations as potential synbiotics, on the intestinal microbiota of CF children. A static in vitro colonic fermentation model was used by colonizing vials with faecal inoculum, a culture medium, and the substrates to be tested. Post treatment, aliquots were taken to determine ammonium, lactate, and short-chain fatty acids production and to profile the microbiota composition by 16s rRNA sequencing. At genus level, Escherichia-Shigella decreased (15.8%) with the treatment pectin + L. rhamnosus, followed by the beta-glucan + L. salivarius (15.5%). Inversely, the most increase in Bacteroides (44%) was obtained by the treatment with Pectin + L. reuteri. Lactate and acetic acid production was significantly increased with prebiotics and their combinations with L. rhamnosus and L. salivarius. In conclusion, the use of beta-glucan and pectin in combination with probiotic strains from the Lactobacillaceae family suggest potential to modulate dysbiosis and metabolic activity on CF colonic microbiota, encouraging further studies in animal studies or clinical settings to confirm the findings in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmín Viteri-Echeverría
- University Institute of Food Engineering (FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
| | - Ana Andrés
- University Institute of Food Engineering (FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Calvo-Lerma
- Research Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST). University of Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain.
| | - Ana Heredia
- University Institute of Food Engineering (FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
| | - Jorge García-Hernández
- Advanced Food Microbiology Centre (CAMA), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Andrea Asensio-Grau
- University Institute of Food Engineering (FoodUPV), Polytechnic University of Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
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21
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Aida M, Togawa N, Mizuyama K, Aoki Y, Suehiro S, Sakamoto A, Uchida N, Yamada R. Heyndrickxia coagulans strain SANK70258 suppresses symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection via immune modulation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, comparative study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389920. [PMID: 38957464 PMCID: PMC11218553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotic consumption strongly influences local intestinal immunity and systemic immune status. Heyndrickxia coagulans strain SANK70258 (HC) is a spore-forming lactic acid bacterium that has immunostimulatory properties on peripheral tissues. However, few reports have examined the detailed effectiveness of HC on human immune function and its mechanism of action. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study to comprehensively evaluate the effects of HC on immunostimulatory capacity, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) symptoms, and changes in intestinal organic-acid composition. Results of a questionnaire survey of URTI symptoms showed that runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing, and sore throat scores as well as the cumulative number of days of these symptoms were significantly lower in the HC group than in the placebo group during the study period. Furthermore, the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) concentration was significantly higher, and the natural killer (NK) cell activity tended to be higher in the HC group than in the placebo group. In addition, we performed an exposure culture assay of inactivated influenza virus on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from the blood of participants in the HC and placebo groups. Gene-expression analysis in PBMCs after culture completion showed that IFNα and TLR7 expression levels were significantly higher in the HC group than in the placebo group. In addition, the expression levels of CD304 tended to be higher in the HC group than in the placebo group. On the other hand, the HC group showed a significantly higher increase in the intestinal butyrate concentration than the placebo group. HC intake also significantly suppressed levels of IL-6 and TNFα produced by PBMCs after exposure to inactivated influenza virus. Collectively, these results suggest that HC activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells expressing TLR7 and CD304 and strongly induced IFNα production, subsequently activating NK cells and increasing sIgA levels, and induced anti-inflammatory effects via increased intestinal butyrate levels. These changes may contribute to the acquisition of host resistance to viral infection and URTI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Aida
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Togawa
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Mizuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Doujin Memorial Foundation Meiwa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Aoki
- Food & Healthcare Deptartment, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shouhei Suehiro
- Food & Healthcare Deptartment, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiho Sakamoto
- Food & Healthcare Deptartment, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Uchida
- Food & Healthcare Deptartment, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Yamada
- Science & Innovation Center, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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22
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Álvarez-Herms J, Odriozola A. Microbiome and physical activity. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:409-450. [PMID: 38908903 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Regular physical activity promotes health benefits and contributes to develop the individual biological potential. Chronical physical activity performed at moderate and high-intensity is the intensity more favorable to produce health development in athletes and improve the gut microbiota balance. The athletic microbiome is characterized by increased microbial diversity and abundance as well as greater phenotypic versatility. In addition, physical activity and microbiota composition have bidirectional effects, with regular physical activity improving microbial composition and microbial composition enhancing physical performance. The improvement of physical performance by a healthy microbiota is related to different phenotypes: i) efficient metabolic development, ii) improved regulation of intestinal permeability, iii) favourable modulation of local and systemic inflammatory and efficient immune responses, iv) efective regulation of systemic pH and, v) protection against acute stressful events such as environmental exposure to altitude or heat. The type of sport, both intensity or volume characteristics promote microbiota specialisation. Individual assessment of the state of the gut microbiota can be an effective biomarker for monitoring health in the medium to long term. The relationship between the microbiota and the rest of the body is bidirectional and symbiotic, with a full connection between the systemic functions of the nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, metabolic, acid-base and immune systems. In addition, circadian rhythms, including regular physical activity, directly influence the adaptive response of the microbiota. In conclusion, regular stimuli of moderate- and high-intensity physical activity promote greater diversity, abundance, resilience and versatility of the gut microbiota. This effect is highly beneficial for human health when healthy lifestyle habits including nutrition, hydration, rest, chronoregulation and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain; Phymo® Lab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
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23
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Álvarez-Herms J. Summatory Effects of Anaerobic Exercise and a 'Westernized Athletic Diet' on Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Low-Grade Metabolic Acidosis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1138. [PMID: 38930520 PMCID: PMC11205432 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic exercise decreases systemic pH and increases metabolic acidosis in athletes, altering the acid-base homeostasis. In addition, nutritional recommendations advising athletes to intake higher amounts of proteins and simple carbohydrates (including from sport functional supplements) could be detrimental to restoring acid-base balance. Here, this specific nutrition could be classified as an acidic diet and defined as 'Westernized athletic nutrition'. The maintenance of a chronic physiological state of low-grade metabolic acidosis produces detrimental effects on systemic health, physical performance, and inflammation. Therefore, nutrition must be capable of compensating for systemic acidosis from anaerobic exercise. The healthy gut microbiota can contribute to improving health and physical performance in athletes and, specifically, decrease the systemic acidic load through the conversion of lactate from systemic circulation to short-chain fatty acids in the proximal colon. On the contrary, microbial dysbiosis results in negative consequences for host health and physical performance because it results in a greater accumulation of systemic lactate, hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide, bacterial endotoxins, bioamines, and immunogenic compounds that are transported through the epithelia into the blood circulation. In conclusion, the systemic metabolic acidosis resulting from anaerobic exercise can be aggravated through an acidic diet, promoting chronic, low-grade metabolic acidosis in athletes. The individuality of athletic training and nutrition must take into consideration the acid-base homeostasis to modulate microbiota and adaptive physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymolab, Physiology and Molecular Laboratory, 40170 Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain
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24
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Flint HJ, Louis P, Duncan SH. Why does increased microbial fermentation in the human colon shift toward butyrate? AIMS Microbiol 2024; 10:311-319. [PMID: 38919716 PMCID: PMC11194621 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2024016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbial community of the human large intestine mainly ferments dietary fiber to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are efficiently absorbed by the host. The three major SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) have different fates within the body and different effects on health. A recent analysis of 10 human volunteer studies established that the proportions of these SCFA in fecal samples significantly shifted towards butyrate as the overall concentration of SCFA increased. Butyrate plays a key role in gut health and is preferentially utilized as an energy source by the colonic epithelium. Here we discuss possible mechanisms that underlie this 'butyrate shift'; these include the selection for butyrate-producing bacteria within the microbiota by certain types of fiber, and the possibility of additional butyrate formation from lactate and acetate by metabolite cross-feeding. However, a crucial factor appears to be the pH in the proximal colon, which decreases as the SCFA concentrations increase. A mildly acidic pH has been shown to have an important impact on microbial competition and on the stoichiometry of butyrate production. Understanding these complex interactions has been greatly aided by the refinement of theoretical models of the colonic microbiota that assume a small number (10) of microbial functional groups (MFGs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvia H. Duncan
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK AB25 2ZD
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25
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Beller S, Grundmann SM, Pies K, Most E, Schuchardt S, Seel W, Simon MC, Eder K, Ringseis R. Effect of replacing soybean meal with Hermetia illucens meal on cecal microbiota, liver transcriptome, and plasma metabolome of broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103635. [PMID: 38520936 PMCID: PMC10973670 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of a number of studies investigating the effect of insect meal on the growth performance of broilers, knowledge about the metabolic effects of insect meal in broilers is still scarce. Thus, the present study investigated the effect of partial replacement of soybean meal with Hermetia illucens (HI) larvae meal on the liver transcriptome, the plasma metabolome, and the cecal microbiota in broilers. For the study, 72 male one-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were divided into three groups and fed 3 different diets with either 0% (HI0), 7.5% (HI7.5), or 15% (HI15) defatted HI meal for 35 d. Each group consisted of 6 cages (replicates) with 4 broilers/cage. While body weight (BW) gain, feed intake, and feed:gain ratio did not differ between groups, breast muscle weight, carcass yield, and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of 5 amino acids were higher in group HI15 than in group HI0 (P < 0.05). Indicators of α-diversity (Chao1 and Observed) in the cecal digesta were higher in groups HI15 and HI7.5 than in group HI0 (P < 0.05). The abundance of 5 families and 18 genera, all of which belonged to the Firmicutes phylum, in the cecal digesta differed among groups (P < 0.05). Concentrations of butyric acid, valeric acid, and isobutyric acid in the cecal digesta were lower in group HI15 than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.05), whereas those of total and other short-chain fatty acids were not different between groups. Liver transcriptomics revealed a total of 70 and 61 differentially expressed transcripts between groups HI15 vs. HI0 and between groups HI7.5 vs. HI0, respectively, (P < 0.05). Targeted metabolomics identified 138 metabolites, most of which were triglyceride species, being different between the 3 groups (FDR < 0.05). According to this study, dietary inclusion of HI larvae meal has no detrimental impact but increases breast muscle weight and carcass weight in broilers suggesting that HI larvae meal can be recommended as a sustainable alternative protein source for broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Beller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sarah M Grundmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klara Pies
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sven Schuchardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, 30625 Germany
| | - Waldemar Seel
- Nutrition and Microbiota, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Nutrition and Microbiota, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35390 Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, 35390 Germany.
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26
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Zhou F, Zhang Q, Zheng X, Shi F, Ma K, Ji F, Meng N, Li R, Lv J, Li Q. Antiaging Effects of Human Fecal Transplants with Different Combinations of Bifidobacterium bifidum LTBB21J1 and Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 in d-Galactose-Induced Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9818-9827. [PMID: 38647087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The feces of healthy middle-aged and old people were first transplanted into d-galactose-induced aging mice to construct humanized aging mice with gut microbiota (FMTC) to confirm the antiaging effect of probiotics produced from centenarians. The mouse model was then treated with centenarian-derived Bifidobacterium bifidum (FMTL), Lactobacillus casei (FMTB), and their mixtures (FMTM), and young mice were used as the control. Compared with the FMTC group, the results demonstrated that the probiotics and their combinations alleviated neuronal damage, increased antioxidant capacity, decreased inflammation, and enhanced cognitive and memory functions in aging mice. In the gut microbiota, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, and Akkermansia increased and that of Desulfovibrio and Colidextribacter decreased in the FMTM group compared with that in the FMTC group. The three probiotic groups displayed significant changes in 15 metabolites compared with the FMTC group, with 4 metabolites showing increased expression and 11 metabolites showing decreased expression. The groups were graded as Control > FMTM > FMTB > FMTL > FMTC using a newly developed comprehensive quantitative scoring system that thoroughly analyzed the various indicators of this study. The beneficial antiaging effects of probiotics derived from centenarians were quantitatively described using a novel perspective in this study; it is confirmed that both probiotics and their combinations exert antiaging effects, with the probiotic complex group exhibiting a larger effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qinren Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaohua Zheng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fengcui Shi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Shandong 250200, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Jiangsu New-Bio Biotechnology Co.,Ltd, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Jiangsu New-Bio Biotechnology Co.,Ltd, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Ning Meng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ruiding Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jingwen Lv
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quanyang Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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27
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Schmidt N, Van Den Ham K, Bower L, Li S, Lorenzi H, Doumbo S, Doumtabe D, Kayentao K, Ongoiba A, Traore B, Crompton P. Susceptibility to febrile malaria is associated with an inflammatory gut microbiome. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3974068. [PMID: 38645126 PMCID: PMC11030534 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3974068/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a major public health problem, but many of the factors underlying the pathogenesis of this disease are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate in Malian children that susceptibility to febrile malaria following infection with Plasmodium falciparum is associated with the composition of the gut microbiome prior to the malaria season. Gnotobiotic mice colonized with the fecal samples of malaria-susceptible children had a significantly higher parasite burden following Plasmodium infection compared to gnotobiotic mice colonized with the fecal samples of malaria-resistant children. The fecal microbiome of the susceptible children was enriched for bacteria associated with inflammation, mucin degradation, gut permeability and inflammatory bowel disorders (e.g., Ruminococcus gauvreauii, Ruminococcus torques, Dorea formicigenerans, Dorea longicatena, Lachnoclostridium phocaeense and Lachnoclostridium sp. YL32). However, the susceptible children also had a greater abundance of bacteria known to produce anti-inflammatory short-chain fatty acids and those associated with favorable prognosis and remission following dysbiotic intestinal events (e.g., Anaerobutyricum hallii, Blautia producta and Sellimonas intestinalis). Metabolomics analysis of the human fecal samples corroborated the existence of inflammatory and recovery-associated features within the gut microbiome of the susceptible children. There was an enrichment of nitric oxide-derived DNA adducts (deoxyinosine and deoxyuridine) and long-chain fatty acids, the absorption of which has been shown to be inhibited by inflamed intestinal epithelial cells, and a decrease in the abundance of mucus phospholipids. Nevertheless, there were also increased levels of pseudouridine and hypoxanthine, which have been shown to be regulated in response to cellular stress and to promote recovery following injury or hypoxia. Overall, these results indicate that the gut microbiome may contribute malaria pathogenesis and suggest that therapies targeting intestinal inflammation could decrease malaria susceptibility.
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28
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Mann ER, Lam YK, Uhlig HH. Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8. [PMID: 38565643 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) butyrate, propionate and acetate are microbial metabolites and their availability in the gut and other organs is determined by environmental factors, such as diet and use of antibiotics, that shape the diversity and metabolism of the microbiota. SCFAs regulate epithelial barrier function as well as mucosal and systemic immunity via evolutionary conserved processes that involve G protein-coupled receptor signalling or histone deacetylase activity. Indicatively, the anti-inflammatory role of butyrate is mediated through direct effects on the differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, phagocytes, B cells and plasma cells, and regulatory and effector T cells. Intestinally derived SCFAs also directly and indirectly affect immunity at extra-intestinal sites, such as the liver, the lungs, the reproductive tract and the brain, and have been implicated in a range of disorders, including infections, intestinal inflammation, autoimmunity, food allergies, asthma and responses to cancer therapies. An ecological understanding of microbial communities and their interrelated metabolic states, as well as the engineering of butyrogenic bacteria may support SCFA-focused interventions for the prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ying Ka Lam
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Verma A, Bhagchandani T, Rai A, Nikita, Sardarni UK, Bhavesh NS, Gulati S, Malik R, Tandon R. Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) as a Connecting Link between Microbiota and Gut-Lung Axis-A Potential Therapeutic Intervention to Improve Lung Health. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14648-14671. [PMID: 38585101 PMCID: PMC10993281 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome is an integral part of the human gut, and it plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and homeostasis. Apart from the gut microbiome, the airway microbial community also forms a distinct and crucial part of the human microbiota. Furthermore, several studies indicate the existence of communication between the gut microbiome and their metabolites with the lung airways, called "gut-lung axis". Perturbations in gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can have acute and chronic effects on the pathophysiology of lung diseases. Microbes and their metabolites in lung stimulate various innate immune pathways, which modulate the expression of the inflammatory genes in pulmonary leukocytes. For instance, gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids can suppress lung inflammation through the activation of G protein-coupled receptors (free fatty acid receptors) and can also inhibit histone deacetylase, which in turn influences the severity of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Thus, modulation of the gut microbiome composition through probiotic/prebiotic usage and fecal microbiota transplantation can lead to alterations in lung homeostasis and immunity. The resulting manipulation of immune cells function through microbiota and their key metabolites paves the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in improving the lung health of individuals affected with various lung diseases including SARS-CoV-2. This review will shed light upon the mechanistic aspect of immune system programming through gut and lung microbiota and exploration of the relationship between gut-lung microbiome and also highlight the therapeutic potential of gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the management of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Verma
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Tannu Bhagchandani
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ankita Rai
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Nikita
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Urvinder Kaur Sardarni
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Neel Sarovar Bhavesh
- Transcription
Regulation Group, International Centre for
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sameer Gulati
- Department
of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College
(LHMC), New Delhi 110058, India
| | - Rupali Malik
- Department
of Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College
and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ravi Tandon
- Laboratory
of AIDS Research and Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Wang N, Zhang C, Li H, Wu J, Zhang D, Li Y, Yang L, Zhang N, Wang X. Structure properties of Canna edulis RS3 (double enzyme hydrolysis) and RS4 (OS-starch and cross-linked starch): Influence on fermentation products and human gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130700. [PMID: 38458281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the in vitro fermentation characteristics of different structural types of Canna edulis resistant starch (RS). RS3 was prepared through a double enzyme hydrolysis method, and RS4 (OS-starch and cross-linked starch) was prepared using octenyl succinic anhydride and sodium trimetaphosphate/sodium tripolyphosphate, respectively. The RS3 and RS4 samples were structurally analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. This was followed by in vitro fermentation experiments. The results revealed microstructure differences in the two groups of starch samples. Compared to native starch, RS3 and RS4 exhibited a lower degree of order and endothermic energy, with lower crystallinity (RS3: 29.59 ± 1.11 %; RS4 [OS-starch]: 28.01 ± 1.32 %; RS4 [cross-linked starch]: 30.44 ± 1.73 %) than that in native starch (36.29 ± 0.89 %). The RS content was higher in RS3 (63.40 ± 2.85 %) and RS4 (OS-starch: 71.21 ± 1.28 %; cross-linked starch: 74.33 ± 0.643 %) than in native starch (57.71 ± 2.95 %). RS3 and RS4 exhibited slow fermentation rates, promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids. RS3 and cross-linked starch significantly increased the production of acetate and butyrate. Moreover, RS3 significantly promoted the abundance of Lactobacillus, while OS-starch and cross-linked starch significantly enhanced the abundance of Dorea and Coprococcus, respectively. Hence, the morphological structure and RS content of the samples greatly influenced the fermentation rate. Moreover, the different varieties of RS induced specific gut microbial regulation. Hence, they show potential applications in functional foods for tailored gut microbiota management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of the intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of the intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China; School of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Houxier Li
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of the intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of the intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of the intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of the intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of the intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of the intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xueyong Wang
- School of Chinese Meteria Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast corner of the intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing 102488, China.
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Roux AE, Langella P, Martin R. Overview on biotics development. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 86:103073. [PMID: 38335705 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Although probiotics have been used in food products and supplements for decades, there has been a considerable increase in their use more recently. Recent technological advances have thus led to major advances in knowledge of the gut microbiota, enabling a significant development of biotics. In this review, we discuss the uses of traditional probiotics but also the discovery of next-generation probiotics that could be used as live biotherapeutics. These novel preventive and therapeutic strategies hold promise for the treatment of numerous diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Probiotic bacteria can be consumed alone, or in combination with prebiotics as synbiotics, or mixed with other probiotic strains to form a consortium for enhanced effects. We also discuss the benefits of using postbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Emmanuelle Roux
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Philippe Langella
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Rebeca Martin
- Paris-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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32
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Fang Y, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zheng Z, Ren C, Zhang X. Assessing the causal relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy: insights from two-sample Mendelian randomization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1329954. [PMID: 38562415 PMCID: PMC10982433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1329954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The causal association between gut microbiota (GM) and the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains uncertain. We sought to explore this potential association using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for GM were obtained from the MiBioGen consortium. GWAS data for DN and related phenotypes were collected from the FinngenR9 and CKDGen databases. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) model was used as the primary analysis model, supplemented by various sensitivity analyses. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test, while horizontal pleiotropy was evaluated through MR-Egger regression and the MR-PRESSO global test. Reverse MR analysis was conducted to identify any reverse causal effects. Results Our analysis identified twenty-five bacterial taxa that have a causal association with DN and its related phenotypes (p < 0.05). Among them, only the g_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group showed a significant causal association with type 1 DN (p < Bonferroni-adjusted p-value). Our findings remained consistent regardless of the analytical approach used, with all methods indicating the same direction of effect. No evidence of heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was observed. Reverse MR analysis did not reveal any causal associations. Conclusions This study established a causal association between specific GM and DN. Our findings contribute to current understanding of the role of GM in the development of DN, offering potential insights for the prevention and treatment strategies for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Fang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Qian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zenan Zheng
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhong Ren
- International Medical Service Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Engineering Research Center of Key Technique for Biotherapy of Guangdong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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33
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Xie Z, He W, Gobbi A, Bertram HC, Nielsen DS. The effect of in vitro simulated colonic pH gradients on microbial activity and metabolite production using common prebiotics as substrates. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:83. [PMID: 38468200 PMCID: PMC10926653 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between gut microbiota (GM) and the metabolization of dietary components leading to the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is affected by a range of factors including colonic pH and carbohydrate source. However, there is still only limited knowledge on how the GM activity and metabolite production in the gastrointestinal tract could be influenced by pH and the pH gradient increases along the colon. RESULTS Here we investigate the effect of pH gradients corresponding to levels typically found in the colon on GM composition and metabolite production using substrates inulin, lactose, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) in an in vitro colon setup. We investigated 3 different pH regimes (low, 5.2 increasing to 6.4; medium, 5.6 increasing to 6.8 and high, 6.0 increasing to 7.2) for each fecal inoculum and found that colonic pH gradients significantly influenced in vitro simulated GM structure, but the influence of fecal donor and substrate was more pronounced. Low pH regimes strongly influenced GM with the decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides spp. and increased Bifidobacterium spp. Higher in vitro simulated colonic pH promoted the production of SCFAs in a donor- and substrate-dependent manner. The butyrate producer Butyricimonas was enriched at higher pH conditions, where also butyrate production was increased for inulin. The relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium, Bacteroides, and Rikenellaceae also increased at higher colonic pH, which was accompanied by increased production of propionate with GOS and FOS as substrates. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results show that colonic substrates such as dietary fibres influence GM composition and metabolite production, not only by being selectively utilized by specific microbes, but also because of their SCFA production, which in turn also influences colonic pH and overall GM composition and activity. Our work provides details about the effect of the gradients of rising pH from the proximal to distal colon on fermenting dietary substrates in vitro and highlights the importance of considering pH in GM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Xie
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Weiwei He
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Present Address: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Alex Gobbi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Present Address: European Food and Safety Authority, Parma, Italy
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Chakraborty N. Metabolites: a converging node of host and microbe to explain meta-organism. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337368. [PMID: 38505556 PMCID: PMC10949987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Meta-organisms encompassing the host and resident microbiota play a significant role in combatting diseases and responding to stress. Hence, there is growing traction to build a knowledge base about this ecosystem, particularly to characterize the bidirectional relationship between the host and microbiota. In this context, metabolomics has emerged as the major converging node of this entire ecosystem. Systematic comprehension of this resourceful omics component can elucidate the organism-specific response trajectory and the communication grid across the ecosystem embodying meta-organisms. Translating this knowledge into designing nutraceuticals and next-generation therapy are ongoing. Its major hindrance is a significant knowledge gap about the underlying mechanisms maintaining a delicate balance within this ecosystem. To bridge this knowledge gap, a holistic picture of the available information has been presented with a primary focus on the microbiota-metabolite relationship dynamics. The central theme of this article is the gut-brain axis and the participating microbial metabolites that impact cerebral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chakraborty
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, CMPN, WRAIR, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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35
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Nayman EI, Schwartz BA, Polmann M, Gumabong AC, Nieuwdorp M, Cickovski T, Mathee K. Differences in gut microbiota between Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese: potential implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4585. [PMID: 38403716 PMCID: PMC10894869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, or the collection of diverse microorganisms in a specific ecological niche, are known to significantly impact human health. Decreased gut microbiota production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has been implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease progression. Most microbiome studies focus on ethnic majorities. This study aims to understand how the microbiome differs between an ethnic majority (the Dutch) and minority (the South-Asian Surinamese (SAS)) group with a lower and higher prevalence of T2DM, respectively. Microbiome data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) cohort were used. Two age- and gender-matched groups were compared: the Dutch (n = 41) and SAS (n = 43). Microbial community compositions were generated via DADA2. Metrics of microbial diversity and similarity between groups were computed. Biomarker analyses were performed to determine discriminating taxa. Bacterial co-occurrence networks were constructed to examine ecological patterns. A tight microbiota cluster was observed in the Dutch women, which overlapped with some of the SAS microbiota. The Dutch gut contained a more interconnected microbial ecology, whereas the SAS network was dispersed, i.e., contained fewer inter-taxonomic correlational relationships. Bacteroides caccae, Butyricicoccus, Alistipes putredinis, Coprococcus comes, Odoribacter splanchnicus, and Lachnospira were enriched in the Dutch gut. Haemophilus, Bifidobacterium, and Anaerostipes hadrus discriminated the SAS gut. All but Lachnospira and certain strains of Haemophilus are known to produce SCFAs. The Dutch gut microbiome was distinguished from the SAS by diverse, differentially abundant SCFA-producing taxa with significant cooperation. The dynamic ecology observed in the Dutch was not detected in the SAS. Among several potential gut microbial biomarkers, Haemophilus parainfluenzae likely best characterizes the ethnic minority group, which is more predisposed to T2DM. The higher prevalence of T2DM in the SAS may be associated with the gut dysbiosis observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric I Nayman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Brooke A Schwartz
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michaela Polmann
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alayna C Gumabong
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trevor Cickovski
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Thiagalingam S. Potential for New Therapeutic Approaches by Targeting Lactate and pH Mediated Epigenetic Dysregulation in Major Mental Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:457. [PMID: 38398057 PMCID: PMC10887322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence have shown that lactate-mediated pH alterations in the brains of patients with neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia (SCZ), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autism may be attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in energy metabolism. While neuronal activity is associated with reduction in brain pH, astrocytes are responsible for rebalancing the pH to maintain the equilibrium. As lactate level is the main determinant of brain pH, neuronal activities are impacted by pH changes due to the binding of protons (H+) to various types of proteins, altering their structure and function in the neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the brain. Lactate and pH could affect diverse types of epigenetic modifications, including histone lactylation, which is linked to histone acetylation and DNA methylation. In this review, we discuss the importance of pH homeostasis in normal brain function, the role of lactate as an essential epigenetic regulatory molecule and its contributions to brain pH abnormalities in neuropsychiatric diseases, and shed light on lactate-based and pH-modulating therapies in neuropsychiatric diseases by targeting epigenetic modifications. In conclusion, we attempt to highlight the potentials and challenges of translating lactate-pH-modulating therapies to clinics for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Borewicz K, Brück WM. Supplemented Infant Formula and Human Breast Milk Show Similar Patterns in Modulating Infant Microbiota Composition and Function In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1806. [PMID: 38339084 PMCID: PMC10855883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of healthy breastfed infants is often dominated by bifidobacteria. In an effort to mimic the microbiota of breastfed infants, modern formulas are fortified with bioactive and bifidogenic ingredients. These ingredients promote the optimal health and development of infants as well as the development of the infant microbiota. Here, we used INFOGEST and an in vitro batch fermentation model to investigate the gut health-promoting effects of a commercial infant formula supplemented with a blend containing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (20 mg/100 kcal), polydextrose and galactooligosaccharides (PDX/GOS) (4 g/L, 1:1 ratio), milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) (5 g/L), lactoferrin (0.6 g/L), and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12 (BB-12) (106 CFU/g). Using fecal inoculates from three healthy infants, we assessed microbiota changes, the bifidogenic effect, and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production of the supplemented test formula and compared those with data obtained from an unsupplemented base formula and from the breast milk control. Our results show that even after INFOGEST digestion of the formula, the supplemented formula can still maintain its bioactivity and modulate infants' microbiota composition, promote faster bifidobacterial growth, and stimulate production of SCFAs. Thus, it may be concluded that the test formula containing a bioactive blend promotes infant gut microbiota and SCFA profile to something similar, but not identical to those of breastfed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudyna Borewicz
- Mead Johnson B.V., Middenkampweg 2, 6545 CJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Wolfram Manuel Brück
- Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
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38
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Bassi Scarpim L, de Ramos EC, Graziele Pacheco L, Goloni C, de Souza Theodoro S, de Souza Ávida de Castro T, Carciofi AC. Hydrolysed poultry byproduct meal in extruded diets for cats. Arch Anim Nutr 2024; 78:45-59. [PMID: 38344826 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2024.2312700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Hydrolysed proteins have been shown to be potential ingredients in cat diets due to their high digestibility, presence of bioactive peptides, and relatively low antigenicity. The effects of the substitution of conventional low ash poultry byproduct meal (PBM) with hydrolysed poultry byproduct meal (HPM) as a protein source were evaluated in extruded cat diets. Five diets with similar nutrient contents were formulated: a control (CO) diet based on PBM and 4 diets with different inclusions of HPM (5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%, on an as-fed basis) replacing PBM as the protein source. The total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients, faecal characteristics and microbial fermentation products, urine production and pH, nitrogen balance and urea renal excretion were evaluated using 30 healthy cats (15 males and 15 females; 4.18 ± 0.86 kg; 4.17 ± 1.38 years old), with 6 cats per diet in a complete randomised block design. When significant differences were found with the F test, the effects were evaluated by polynomial contrasts according to HPM inclusion (p < 0.05). The CTTADs of DM (89 ± 0.41%), CP (90 ± 0.36%), fat (93 ± 0.41%) and gross energy (90 ± 0.33%) were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). The faecal production, score, short-chain fatty acids and ammonia concentration were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). Isobutyric, isovaleric, valeric, and total branched-chain fatty acid contents increased quadratically (p < 0.05), with the highest level in the faeces of cats fed the diet with 20% HPM. Lactate concentration in faeces increased linearly with the inclusion of HPM (p < 0.05). Urine characteristics and urea renal excretion did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). At 10% inclusion, HPM tended to increase the nitrogen retention of cats (p = 0.083), which may reflect the higher tryptophan, methionine, lysine, and available lysine contents of HPM in comparison to PBM. The inclusion of up to 30% HPM can be considered in cat formulations without affecting nutrient digestibility or faecal and urine characteristics. HPM tended to increase nitrogen retention and increased branched-chain fatty acids in faeces, aspects which deserves further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Bassi Scarpim
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University - UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Eloise Cristina de Ramos
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University - UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Leticia Graziele Pacheco
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University - UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Camila Goloni
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University - UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Stephanie de Souza Theodoro
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University - UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University - UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Ye Y, Guo J, Wang M, Li X, Ren Y, Zhu W, Yu K. Effects of 2'-fucosyllactose on the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota from piglets after in vitro fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1553-1563. [PMID: 37815100 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As indigestible carbohydrates, milk oligosaccharides possess various benefits for newborns, mainly through intestinal microbiota, among which 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is the most predominant milk oligosaccharide. However, knowledge about the fermentative characteristics of 2'-FL in the gut remains limited, especially in the small intestine. The aim of this study is to explore the differential fermentability of 2'-FL by the small and large intestinal microbiota of piglets using fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and lactose as controls in an in vitro batch fermentation experiment. During fermentation, microbial composition was characterized along with gas production and short-chain fatty acid production. RESULTS 2'-Fucosyllactose showed differential fermentability in jejunal and colonic fermentation. Compared with the colon, 2'-FL produced less gas in the jejunum than in the FOS and lactose groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, 2'-FL exhibited a different influence on the microbial composition and metabolism in the jejunum and colon compared with FOS and lactose. In the jejunum, compared with the FOS and lactose groups, the 2'-FL group showed a higher abundance of Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Blautia, but a lower abundance of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus (P < 0.05), with a higher level of propionate and a lower level of lactate during fermentation (P < 0.05). In the colon, compared with the FOS and lactose groups, 2'-FL increased the abundance of Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnospiraceae FCS020, but decreased the abundance of Prevotella_9, Succinivibrio, and Megasphaera (P < 0.05) with an increase in acetate production (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggested that the small intestinal microbiota had the potential to ferment milk oligosaccharides. Meanwhile, in comparison with FOS and lactose, 2'-FL selectively stimulated the growth of propionate-producing bacteria in the jejunum and acetate-producing bacteria in the colon. These results demonstrated the differences in fermentation properties of 2'-FL by small and large intestinal microbiota and provided new evidence for the application of 2'-FL in optimizing gut microbiota. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Ye
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqing Guo
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengting Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuting Ren
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaifan Yu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Wang M, Song Z, Lai S, Tang F, Dou L, Yang F. Depression-associated gut microbes, metabolites and clinical trials. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1292004. [PMID: 38357350 PMCID: PMC10864537 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1292004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders today. Over the past decade, there has been considerable attention given to the field of gut microbiota associated with depression. A substantial body of research indicates a bidirectional communication pathway between gut microbiota and the brain. In this review, we extensively detail the correlation between gut microbiota, including Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum, and metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concerning depression. Furthermore, we delve into the potential health benefits of microbiome-targeted therapies, encompassing probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, in alleviating depression. Lastly, we underscore the importance of employing a constraint-based modeling framework in the era of systems medicine to contextualize metabolomic measurements and integrate multi-omics data. This approach can offer valuable insights into the complex metabolic host-microbiota interactions, enabling personalized recommendations for potential biomarkers, novel drugs, and treatments for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaoqi Song
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shirong Lai
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Furong Tang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Dou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Fenglong Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Zhao S, Lau R, Zhong Y, Chen MH. Lactate cross-feeding between Bifidobacterium species and Megasphaera indica contributes to butyrate formation in the human colonic environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0101923. [PMID: 38126785 PMCID: PMC10807433 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01019-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrate, a physiologically active molecule, can be synthesized through metabolic interactions among colonic microorganisms. Previously, in a fermenting trial of human fecal microbiota, we observed that the butyrogenic effect positively correlated with the increasing Bifidobacterium population and an unidentified Megasphaera species. Therefore, we hypothesized that a cross-feeding phenomenon exists between Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera, where Megasphaera is the butyrate producer, and its growth relies on the metabolites generated by Bifidobacterium. To validate this hypothesis, three bacterial species (B. longum, B. pseudocatenulatum, and M. indica) were isolated from fecal cultures fermenting hydrolyzed xylan; pairwise cocultures were conducted between the Bifidobacterium and M. indica isolates; the microbial interactions were determined based on bacterial genome information, cell growth, substrate consumption, metabolite quantification, and metatranscriptomics. The results indicated that two Bifidobacterium isolates contained distinct gene clusters for xylan utilization and expressed varying substrate preferences. In contrast, M. indica alone scarcely grew on the xylose-based substrates. The growth of M. indica was significantly elevated by coculturing it with bifidobacteria, while the two Bifidobacterium species responded differently in the kinetics of cell growth and substrate consumption. Coculturing led to the depletion of lactate and increased the formation of butyrate. An RNA-seq analysis further revealed the upregulation of M. indica genes involved in the lactate utilization and butyrate formation pathways. We concluded that lactate generated by Bifidobacterium through catabolizing xylose fueled the growth of M. indica and triggered the synthesis of butyrate. Our findings demonstrated a novel cross-feeding mechanism to generate butyrate in the human colon.IMPORTANCEButyrate is an important short-chain fatty acid that is produced in the human colon through microbial fermentation. Although many butyrate-producing bacteria exhibit a limited capacity to degrade nondigestible food materials, butyrate can be formed through cross-feeding microbial metabolites, such as acetate or lactate. Previously, the literature has explicated the butyrate-forming links between Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and between Bifidobacterium and Eubacterium rectale. In this study, we provided an alternative butyrate synthetic pathway through the interaction between Bifidobacterium and Megasphaera indica. M. indica is a species named in 2014 and is indigenous to the human intestinal tract. Scientific studies explaining the function of M. indica in the human colon are still limited. Our results show that M. indica proliferated based on the lactate generated by bifidobacteria and produced butyrate as its end metabolic product. The pathways identified here may contribute to understanding butyrate formation in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Lau
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Clinical Translational Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming-Hsu Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gad M, Elbahnasawy AS, Ramadan AA, Yamamah GAN, Hussein L. Dietary intervention with edible film-coated multistrain probiotic Lacticaseibacilli in nondairy food matrices significantly increased the recovery of fecal viable Lacticaseibacilli and improved the performance of several colonic biomarkers among slightly malnourished preschool children. Food Funct 2024; 15:977-991. [PMID: 38179614 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Probiotic enriched dairy products are widely consumed in Western countries for their beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal tract and overall health. The present study aims to investigate the beneficial effects of probiotic Lacticaseibacilli (LAB) strains in non-dairy food matrices. A blend of edible film-coated probiotic LAB, L. plantarum, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus, were incorporated into plain biscuits and dry dates. Design of the randomized controlled study: Children of both sexes (mean age 55.7 ± 14.5 months) attending kindergarten in Tersa, a poor urban Giza district, were recruited and randomized into 5 groups of equal numbers. Treatment groups: (1) placebo biscuits, (2) functional probiotic biscuits (0.18 billion colony forming units (cfu) of LAB) (3) functional probiotic + inulin biscuits (0.2 billion cfu of LAB + 2 g of chicory inulin); (4) placebo dates and (5) functional probiotic dates (0.3 billion cfu of viable multistrain LAB). The supplements were served 5 days a week and each child had to consume 21 servings of the supplement. The primary outcome was an increase in the fecal recovery of viable LAB after the intake of 21 servings (T1) compared to the respective baseline counts (T0). The secondary outcomes include the determination of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and secretory immunoglobulin A (s-Ig A) using ELISA and fecal ammonia excretion. Results: Statistically significant % increases in the recoveries of fecal viable LAB were found among the children consuming 21 servings of supplements 2, 3, and 5 compared to the respective count at T0. Similar significant increases were found in the fecal concentrations of SCFA and s-Ig A among the children consuming 21 servings of supplements 2, 3 and 5 compared to the respective counts at T0. On the other hand, the concentration of toxic ammonia excretion decreased significantly in the feces of all children consuming probiotic-containing supplements (groups 2, 3, and 5) at T1 compared to the respective concentrations obtained at T0. Conclusion: Multistrain microencapsulated probiotic Lacticaseibacilli in functional biscuits and dry dates successfully tolerated the acidic gastric transit and exerted their bioactive action on the colonic microbiome. The synbiotic supplement exhibited a higher production rate of colonic SCFA. Probiotic-enriched products that confer definitive health benefits are convenient and do not need to be kept under refrigeration. Manipulating the composition and function of the microbiome in childhood through probiotic/+ prebiotic interventions is cost-effective with long-term beneficial health outcomes. This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee, National Research Center and registered as Clinical Trial 16/422. Written informed consent was obtained from the mothers of all participating children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosab Gad
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12662, Egypt.
| | - Amr S Elbahnasawy
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12662, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa A Ramadan
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12662, Egypt.
| | | | - Laila Hussein
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12662, Egypt.
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Davies C, González-Ortiz G, Rinttilä T, Apajalahti J, Alyassin M, Bedford MR. Stimbiotic supplementation and xylose-rich carbohydrates modulate broiler's capacity to ferment fibre. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1301727. [PMID: 38274766 PMCID: PMC10808361 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1301727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimbiotics are a new category of feed additives that can increase fibre fermentability by stimulating fibre-degrading microbiota in the gut. The aim of this study was to test, ex vivo, if the microbiota of broilers fed a stimbiotic are better able to ferment different xylose-rich substrates in an ileal and a caecal environment. The ileal and caecal contents from broiler chickens fed a stimbiotic or from a control group were used as an inoculum in the ex vivo fermentation experiment. Different xylose-rich substrates including monomeric xylose (XYL), XOS with DP 2 to 6 (XOS), short DP XOS of 2 to 3 (sDP-XOS), long DP XOS of 4 to 6 (lDP-XOS) and de-starched wheat bran (WB), were added to each ileal and caecal inoculum in fermentation vessels. Total gas, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production, bacterial quantification, and carbohydrate utilisation were monitored for 9 h post-inoculation. No significant interactions were observed in any of the parameters measured in either the ileal or caecal contents (p > 0.05). Stimbiotic ileal inocula resulted in higher total gas (p < 0.001) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) (p < 0.001) production, increased numbers of Lactobacillus spp. (p < 0.001), and decreased numbers of Enterococcus spp. (p < 0.01) after 9 h regardless of the xylose-rich substrate added. Stimbiotic caecal inocula resulted in a higher ratio of VFA to branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) by up to +9% (p < 0.05). Ileal microbiota were found to preferentially metabolise WB, while caecal microbiota favoured XOS substrates, particularly lDP-XOS. These results indicate that stimbiotics can promote the abundance of lactic acid bacteria involved in the establishment of fibre-degrading bacteria and VFA content in the gut, which could have beneficial effects on broiler performance. Further, ileal and caecal microbiota differ in their utilisation of different substrates which may impact the effectiveness of different stimbiotic products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teemu Rinttilä
- AB Vista, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
- Alimetrics Research Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Juha Apajalahti
- AB Vista, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
- Alimetrics Research Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Mohammad Alyassin
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
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Park G, Kadyan S, Hochuli N, Pollak J, Wang B, Salazar G, Chakrabarty P, Efron P, Sheffler J, Nagpal R. A modified Mediterranean-style diet enhances brain function via specific gut-microbiome-brain mechanisms. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2323752. [PMID: 38444392 PMCID: PMC10936641 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating brain disorder with rapidly mounting prevalence worldwide, yet no proven AD cure has been discovered. Using a multi-omics approach in a transgenic AD mouse model, the current study demonstrated the efficacy of a modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet (MkD) on AD-related neurocognitive pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms related to the gut-microbiome-brain axis. The findings revealed that MkD induces profound shifts in the gut microbiome community and microbial metabolites. Most notably, MkD promoted growth of the Lactobacillus population, resulting in increased bacteria-derived lactate production. We discovered elevated levels of microbiome- and diet-derived metabolites in the serum as well, signaling their influence on the brain. Importantly, these changes in serum metabolites upregulated specific receptors that have neuroprotective effects and induced alternations in neuroinflammatory-associated pathway profiles in hippocampus. Additionally, these metabolites displayed strong favorable co-regulation relationship with gut-brain integrity and inflammatory markers, as well as neurobehavioral outcomes. The findings underscore the ameliorative effects of MkD on AD-related neurological function and the underlying gut-brain communication via modulation of the gut microbiome-metabolome arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwoncheol Park
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hochuli
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Julie Pollak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philip Efron
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julia Sheffler
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Mutuyemungu E, Motta-Romero HA, Yang Q, Liu S, Liu S, Singh M, Rose DJ. Megasphaera elsdenii, a commensal member of the gut microbiota, is associated with elevated gas production during in vitro fermentation. GUT MICROBIOME (CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND) 2023; 5:e1. [PMID: 39290659 PMCID: PMC11406407 DOI: 10.1017/gmb.2023.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Megasphaera elsdenii has been correlated with gas production by human faecal microbiota during fermentation. The objective of this study was to determine the role of M. elsdenii in gas production by the microbiome. Kidney beans and sweet potatoes were subjected to in vitro digestion and dialysis followed by fermentation with ten faecal microbiomes: three with detectable M. elsdenii (Me_D) and seven with no detectable M. elsdenii (Me_ND). Me_D microbiomes produced more gas than the Me_ND microbiomes (p < 0.001). Me_D microbiomes produced more gas during fermentation of sweet potatoes than kidney beans (p < 0.001), while the opposite was true for the Me_ND microbiomes (p < 0.001). Among amplicon sequence variants that were associated with gas production, M. elsdenii had the strongest association (p < 0.001). Me_D microbiomes consumed more acetate and produced more butyrate than Me_ND microbiomes (p < 0.001). Gas production by M. elsdenii was confirmed by fermentation of sweet potatoes and acetate with human and rumen M. elsdenii isolates. The human isolate produced gas on sweet potatoes and acetate. This study suggests that M. elsdenii may be involved in gas production during the fermentation of flatulogenic foods through utilisation of undigestible substrates or cross-feeding on acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erasme Mutuyemungu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Research & Development, Isolation Bio, San Carlos, CA, USA
| | - Hollman A Motta-Romero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Project Management, Chobani, Twin Falls, ID, USA
| | - Qinnan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sujun Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Sean Liu
- Functional Food Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Mukti Singh
- Functional Food Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Devin J Rose
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Arora K, Gaudioso G, Solovyev P, Tuohy K, Di Cagno R, Gobbetti M, Fava F. In vitro faecal fermentation of Tritordeum breads and its effect on the human gut health. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2023; 6:100214. [PMID: 38116184 PMCID: PMC10727946 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous fermentation of Tritordeum flour enhances the nutritional potential of this hybrid cereal. However, the effect of consumption of Tritordeum sourdough bread (SDB) on gut health remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the effect of in vitro digestion and faecal fermentation of SDB compared to that of traditional baker's yeast (BYB) Tritordeum bread. After 24-h anaerobic faecal fermentation, both SDB and BYB (1% w/v) induced an increase in the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Megasphaera, Mitsuokella, and Phascolarctobacterium genera compared to baseline, while concentrations of acetate and butyrate were significantly higher at 24 h for SDB compared to those for BYB. Integrity of intestinal epithelium, as assessed through in vitro trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, was slightly increased after incubation with SDB fermentation supernatants, but not after incubation with BYB fermentation supernatants. The SDB stimulated in vitro mucosal immune response by inducing early secretion of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, followed by downregulation of the inflammatory trigger through induction of anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression. Overall, our findings suggest that Tritordeum sourdough can modulate gut microbiota fermentation activity and positively impact the gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashika Arora
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Università di Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Giulia Gaudioso
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all'Adige Via E. Mach, 1 38098 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pavel Solovyev
- Traceability Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all'Adige Via E. Mach, 1 38098 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kieran Tuohy
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all'Adige Via E. Mach, 1 38098 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Università di Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Libera Università di Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Nutrition and Nutrigenomics Unit, Fondazione Edmund Mach di San Michele all'Adige Via E. Mach, 1 38098 S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Cao Y, Wang J, Hou W, Ding Y, Zhu Y, Zheng J, Huang Q, Cao Z, Xie R, Wei Q, Qin H. Colorectal cancer-associated T cell receptor repertoire abnormalities are linked to gut microbiome shifts and somatic cell mutations. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2263934. [PMID: 37795995 PMCID: PMC10557533 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2263934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As with many diseases, tumor formation in colorectal cancer (CRC) is multifactorial and involves immune, environmental factors and various genetics that contribute to disease development. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is linked to the occurrence and development of CRC, and these microorganisms are important for immune maturation. However, a systematic perspective integrating microbial profiling, T cell receptor (TCR) and somatic mutations in humans with CRC is lacking. Here, we report distinct features of the expressed TCRβ repertoires in the peripheral blood of and CRC patients (n = 107) and healthy donors (n = 30). CRC patients have elevated numbers of large TCRβ clones and they have very low TCR diversity. The metagenomic sequencing data showed that the relative abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), Escherichia coli and Dasheen mosaic virus were elevated consistently in CRC patients (n = 97) compared to HC individuals (n = 30). The abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia intestinalis was reduced in CRC (n = 97) compared to HC (n = 30). The correlation between somatic mutations of target genes (16 genes, n = 79) and TCR clonality and microbial biomarkers in CRC had been investigated. Importantly, we constructed a random forest classifier (contains 15 features) based on microbiome and TCR repertoires, which can be used as a clinical detection method to screen patients for CRC. We also analysis of F. nucleatum-specific TCR repertoire characteristics. Collectively, our large-cohort multi-omics data aimed to identify novel biomarkers to inform clinical decision-making in the detection and diagnosis of CRC, which is of possible etiological and diagnostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Hou
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiang Ding
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yefei Zhu
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongyi Huang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhan Cao
- Shanghai Institution of Gut Microbiota Research and Engineering Development, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruting Xie
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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48
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Abstract
The human microbiome plays an integral role in health. In particular, it is important for the development, differentiation, and maturation of the immune system, 70% of which resides in the intestinal mucosa. Microbiome studies conducted to date have revealed an association between disturbances in the microbiota (dysbiosis) and various pathological disorders, including changes in host immune status. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders, with a worldwide prevalence higher than 5%. The predominant autoimmune thyroid diseases are Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Grave's disease. Several factors, such as genetic and environmental ones, have been studied. In accordance with recent studies, it is assumed that the gut microbiome might play a significant role in triggering autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland. However, the exact etiology has not yet been elucidated. The present review aims to describe the work carried out so far regarding the role of gut microflora in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases and its involvement in the appearance of benign nodules and papillary thyroid cancer. It appears that future work is needed to elucidate more precisely the mechanism for gut microbiota involvement in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Legakis
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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49
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van Beveren GJ, Said H, van Houten MA, Bogaert D. The respiratory microbiome in childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1352-1367. [PMID: 37838221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is the most prevalent noncommunicable disease in childhood, characterized by reversible airway constriction and inflammation of the lower airways. The respiratory tract consists of the upper and lower airways, which are lined with a diverse community of microbes. The composition and density of the respiratory microbiome differs across the respiratory tract, with microbes adapting to the gradually changing physiology of the environment. Over the past decade, both the upper and lower respiratory microbiomes have been implicated in the etiology and disease course of asthma, as well as in its severity and phenotype. We have reviewed the literature on the role of the respiratory microbiome in asthma, making a careful distinction between the relationship of the microbiome with development of childhood asthma and its relationship with the disease course, while accounting for age and the microbial niches studied. Furthermore, we have assessed the literature regarding the underlying asthma endotypes and the impact of the microbiome on the host immune response. We have identified distinct microbial signatures across the respiratory tract associated with asthma development, stability, and severity. These data suggest that the respiratory microbiome may be important for asthma development and severity and may therefore be a potential target for future microbiome-based preventive and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina J van Beveren
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hager Said
- Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis Haarlem
| | - Marlies A van Houten
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Hoofddorp and Haarlem, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis Haarlem
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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50
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Sereti I, Verburgh ML, Gifford J, Lo A, Boyd A, Verheij E, Verhoeven A, Wit FWNM, Schim van der Loeff MF, Giera M, Kootstra NA, Reiss P, Vujkovic-Cvijin I. Impaired gut microbiota-mediated short-chain fatty acid production precedes morbidity and mortality in people with HIV. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113336. [PMID: 37918403 PMCID: PMC10872975 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically lengthened lifespan among people with HIV (PWH), but this population experiences heightened rates of inflammation-related comorbidities. HIV-associated inflammation is linked with an altered microbiome; whether such alterations precede inflammation-related comorbidities or occur as their consequence remains unknown. We find that ART-treated PWH exhibit depletion of gut-resident bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-crucial microbial metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties. Prior reports establish that fecal SCFA concentrations are not depleted in PWH. We find that gut-microbiota-mediated SCFA production capacity is better reflected in serum than in feces and that PWH exhibit reduced serum SCFA, which associates with inflammatory markers. Leveraging stool and serum samples collected prior to comorbidity onset, we find that HIV-specific microbiome alterations precede morbidity and mortality in ART-treated PWH. Among these microbiome alterations, reduced microbiome-mediated conversion of lactate to propionate precedes mortality in PWH. Thus, gut microbial fiber/lactate conversion to SCFAs may modulate HIV-associated comorbidity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Sereti
- HIV Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID/NIH, Rockville, MD, USA; Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myrthe L Verburgh
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob Gifford
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alice Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anders Boyd
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline Verheij
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aswin Verhoeven
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics & Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferdinand W N M Wit
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; HIV Monitoring Foundation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Public Health Service of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics & Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Reiss
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; F. Widjaja Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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