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Guo J, Sun X, Yuan Y, Chen Q, Ou Z, Deng Z, Ma T, Liu T. Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Vitamin B5 Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7408-7417. [PMID: 37154424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin B5, also called d-pantothenic acid, is an essential vitamin in the human body and is widely used in pharmaceuticals, nutritional supplements, food, and cosmetics. However, few studies have investigated the microbial production of d-pantothenic acid, especially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By employing a systematic optimization strategy, we screened seven key genes in d-pantothenic acid biosynthesis from diverse species, including bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, plants, animals, etc., and constructed an efficient heterologous d-pantothenic acid pathway in S. cerevisiae. By adjusting the copy number of the pathway modules, knocking out the endogenous bypass gene, balancing NADPH utilization, and regulating the GAL inducible system, a high-yield d-pantothenic acid-producing strain, DPA171, which can regulate gene expression using glucose, was constructed. By optimizing fed-batch fermentation, DPA171 produced 4.1 g/L d-pantothenic acid, which is the highest titer in S. cerevisiae to date. This study provides guidance for the development of vitamin B5 microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Guo
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xixi Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qitong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zutian Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tian Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Hesheng Tech, Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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2
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Jeon H, Pagar AD, Kang H, Giri P, Nadarajan SP, Sarak S, Khobragade TP, Lim S, Patil MD, Lee SG, Yun H. Creation of a ( R)-β-Transaminase by Directed Evolution of d-Amino Acid Aminotransferase. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Jeon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Amol D. Pagar
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyeona Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busan Daehak-ro, Beon-gil, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Pritam Giri
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Saravanan P. Nadarajan
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sharad Sarak
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Taresh P. Khobragade
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seonga Lim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Mahesh D. Patil
- Department of Nanomaterials and Application Technology, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Sector-81, PO Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sun-Gu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, 63 Busan Daehak-ro, Beon-gil, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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3
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Khobragade TP, Sarak S, Pagar AD, Jeon H, Giri P, Yun H. Synthesis of Sitagliptin Intermediate by a Multi-Enzymatic Cascade System Using Lipase and Transaminase With Benzylamine as an Amino Donor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:757062. [PMID: 34692666 PMCID: PMC8526967 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.757062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of a multi-enzyme cascade using transaminase (TA), esterase, aldehyde reductase (AHR), and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), using benzylamine as an amino donor to synthesize the industrially important compound sitagliptin intermediate. A panel of 16 TAs was screened using ethyl 3-oxo-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl) butanoate as a substrate (1). Amongst these enzymes, TA from Roseomonas deserti (TARO) was found to be the most suitable, showing the highest activity towards benzylamine (∼70%). The inhibitory effect of benzaldehyde was resolved by using AHR from Synechocystis sp. and FDH from Pseudomonas sp., which catalyzed the conversion of benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol at the expense of NAD(P)H. Reaction parameters, such as pH, buffer system, and concentration of amino donor, were optimized. A single whole-cell system was developed for co-expressing TARO and esterase, and the promoter engineering strategy was adopted to control the expression level of each biocatalyst. The whole-cell reactions were performed with varying substrate concentrations (10-100 mM), resulting in excellent conversions (ranging from 72 to 91%) into the desired product. Finally, the applicability of this cascade was highlighted on Gram scale, indicating production of 70% of the sitagliptin intermediate with 61% isolated yield. The protocol reported herein may be considered an alternative to existing methods with respect to the use of cheaper amine donors as well as improved synthesis of (R) and (S) enantiomers with the use of non-chiral amino donors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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4
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Jia DX, Peng C, Li JL, Wang F, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Redesign of (R)-Omega-Transaminase and Its Application for Synthesizing Amino Acids with Bulky Side Chain. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3624-3640. [PMID: 34347249 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ω-Transaminase (ω-TA) is an attractive biocatalyst for stereospecific preparation of amino acids and derivatives, but low catalytic efficiency and unfavorable substrate specificity hamper their industrial application. In this work, to obtain applicable (R)-ω-TA responsible for amination of α-keto acids substrates, the reactivities of eight previously synthesized ω-TAs toward pyruvate using (R)-α-methylbenzylamine ((R)-α-MBA) as amine donor were investigated, and Gibberella zeae TA (GzTA) with the highest (R)-TA activity and stereoselectivity was selected as starting scaffold for engineering. Site-directed mutagenesis around enzymatic active pocket and access tunnel identified three positive mutation sites, S214A, F113L, and V60A. Kinetic analysis synchronously with molecular docking revealed that these mutations afforded desirable alleviation of steric hindrance for pyruvate and α-MBA. Furthermore, the constructed single-, double-, and triple-mutant exhibited varying degrees of improved specificities toward bulkier α-keto acids. Using 2-oxo-2-phenylacetic acid (1d) as substrate, the conversion rate of triple-mutant F113L/V60A/S214A increased by 3.8-fold relative to that of wide-type GzTA. This study provided a practical engineering strategy for improving catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity of (R)-ω-TA. The obtained experience shed light on creating more industrial ω-TAs mutants that can accommodate structurally diverse substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xu Jia
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Peng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Liang Li
- Hangzhou Zhongmei Huadong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 866 Moganshan Road, Hangzhou, 310005, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
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5
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Khobragade TP, Yu S, Jung H, Patil MD, Sarak S, Pagar AD, Jeon H, Lee S, Giri P, Kim GH, Cho SS, Park SH, Park HJ, Kang HM, Lee SR, Lee MS, Kim JH, Choi IS, Yun H. Promoter engineering-mediated Tuning of esterase and transaminase expression for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of sitagliptin phosphate at the kilogram-scale. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3263-3268. [PMID: 33990942 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a bienzymatic cascade to produce β-amino acids as an intermediate for the synthesis of the leading oral antidiabetic drug, sitagliptin. A whole-cell biotransformation using recombinant Escherichia coli coexpressing a esterase and transaminase were developed, wherein the desired expression level of each enzyme was achieved by promotor engineering. The small-scale reactions (30 ml) performed under optimized conditions at varying amounts of substrate (100-300 mM) resulted in excellent conversions of 82%-95% for the desired product. Finally, a kilogram-scale enzymatic reaction (250 mM substrate, 220 L) was carried out to produce β-amino acid (229 mM). Sitagliptin phosphate was chemically synthesized from β-amino acids with 82% yield and > 99% purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taresh P Khobragade
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, South Korea
| | - Seongseon Yu
- CKD Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyunsang Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, South Korea
| | - Mahesh D Patil
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, South Korea
| | - Sharad Sarak
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, South Korea
| | - Amol D Pagar
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Jeon
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, South Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, South Korea
| | - Pritam Giri
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, South Korea
| | - Geon-Hee Kim
- CKD Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sung-Su Cho
- CKD Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hwa Park
- CKD Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Park
- CKD Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Heung M Kang
- CKD Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sung R Lee
- CKD Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Myeong S Lee
- CKD Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jeong H Kim
- CKD Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - In S Choi
- CKD Bio Research Institute, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Gwangjin-gu, South Korea
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6
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Growth optimization and identification of an ω-transaminase by a novel native PAGE activity staining method in a Bacillus sp. strain BaH isolated from Iranian soil. AMB Express 2021; 11:46. [PMID: 33759017 PMCID: PMC7988029 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ω-Transaminases’ (ω-TAs) importance for synthesizing chiral amines led to the development of different methods to quickly identify and characterize new sources of these enzymes. Here we describe the optimization of growth and induction of such an enzyme in a wild type strain of Bacillus sp. strain BaH (IBRC-M 11337) isolated from Iranian soil in shaking flasks by the response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum conditions were set in a multiplexed bench-top bioreactor system (Sixfors). ω-TA activity of obtained biomass was checked by an innovative efficient colorimetric assay for localizing ω-TAs in crude extracts on acrylamide gel by using ortho-xylylenediamine (OXD) as amino donor. The application of the established OXD assay is thereby expanded from high-throughput activity screenings and colony-based screenings of heterologously expressed mutants to a direct identification of ω-TAs in wild-type strains: This assay can be used to detect the protein band of the respective enzyme in crude extracts of novel isolates by visual inspection of native PAGEs without any upstream protein purification, thus enabling subsequent further investigations of a newly discovered enzyme directly from the crude extract.
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7
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Ferrandi EE, Bassanini I, Sechi B, Vanoni M, Tessaro D, Guðbergsdóttir SR, Riva S, Peng X, Monti D. Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Thermostable β-Amino Acid Transaminase from a Meiothermus Strain Isolated in an Icelandic Hot Spring. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e2000125. [PMID: 32893504 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A Meiothermus strain capable of using β-phenylalanine for growth is isolated by culture enrichment of samples collected in hot environments and the genome is sequenced showing the presence of 22 putative transaminase (TA) sequences. On the basis of phylogenetic and sequence analysis, a TA termed Ms-TA2 is selected for further studies. The enzyme is successfully produced in Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3) cells, with 70 mg of pure protein obtained from 1 L culture after purification by affinity chromatography. Ms-TA2 shows high activity toward (S)-β-phenylalanine and other (S)-β-amino acids, as well as a preference for α-ketoglutarate and aromatic aldehydes as amino acceptors. Moreover, Ms-TA2 is shown to be a thermostable enzyme by maintaining about 60% of the starting activity after 3 h incubation at 50 °C and showing a melting temperature of about 73 °C. Finally, a homology-based structural model of Ms-TA2 is built and key active site interactions for substrate and cofactor binding are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica E Ferrandi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milan, 20131, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Ivan Bassanini
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milan, 20131, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Barbara Sechi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Marta Vanoni
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Davide Tessaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Riva
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milan, 20131, Italy
| | - Xu Peng
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (SCITEC), CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, Milan, 20131, Italy
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Tang K, Yi Y, Gao Z, Jia H, Li Y, Cao F, Zhou H, Jiang M, Wei P. Identification, Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a Transaminase from Rhizobium sp. Catal Letters 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Kelly SA, Mix S, Moody TS, Gilmore BF. Transaminases for industrial biocatalysis: novel enzyme discovery. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4781-4794. [PMID: 32300853 PMCID: PMC7228992 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Transaminases (TAms) are important enzymes for the production of chiral amines for the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. Novel TAms for use in these industries have been discovered using a range of approaches, including activity-guided methods and homologous sequence searches from cultured microorganisms to searches using key motifs and metagenomic mining of environmental DNA libraries. This mini-review focuses on the methods used for TAm discovery over the past two decades, analyzing the changing trends in the field and highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of the respective approaches used. This review will also discuss the role of protein engineering in the development of novel TAms and explore possible directions for future TAm discovery for application in industrial biocatalysis. KEY POINTS: • The past two decades of TAm enzyme discovery approaches are explored. • TAm sequences are phylogenetically analyzed and compared to other discovery methods. • Benefits and drawbacks of discovery approaches for novel biocatalysts are discussed. • The role of protein engineering and future discovery directions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland
| | - Stefan Mix
- Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, Almac, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, UK
| | - Thomas S Moody
- Department of Biocatalysis & Isotope Chemistry, Almac, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon, UK
- Arran Chemical Company Limited, Unit 1 Monksland Industrial Estate, Athlone, Co. Roscommon, Ireland
| | - Brendan F Gilmore
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland.
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López-Sámano M, Beltrán LFLA, Sánchez-Thomas R, Dávalos A, Villaseñor T, García-García JD, García-de Los Santos A. A novel way to synthesize pantothenate in bacteria involves β-alanine synthase present in uracil degradation pathway. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1006. [PMID: 32112625 PMCID: PMC7142369 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Pantothenate is an indispensable vitamin precursor of the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), a key metabolite required in over 100 metabolic reactions. β-Alanine (β-ala) is an indispensable component of pantothenate. Due to the metabolic relevance of this pathway, we assumed that orthologous genes for ß-alanine synthesis would be present in the genomes of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. However, comparative genomic studies revealed that orthologous gene replacement and loss of synteny occur at high frequency in panD genes. We have previously reported the atypical plasmid-encoded location of the pantothenate pathway genes panC and panB (two copies) in R. etli CFN42. This study also revealed the unexpected absence of a panD gene encoding the aspartate decarboxylase enzyme (ADC), required for the synthesis of β-ala. The aim of this study was to identify the source of β-alanine in Rhizobium etli CFN42. In this study, we present a bioinformatic analysis and an experimental validation demonstrating that the source of β-ala in this R. etli comes from β-alanine synthase, the last enzyme of the uracil degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana López-Sámano
- Programa de Ingeniería Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Rosina Sánchez-Thomas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Tlalpan, México
| | - Araceli Dávalos
- Programa de Ingeniería Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Tomás Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca, México
| | | | - Alejandro García-de Los Santos
- Programa de Ingeniería Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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11
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Using enzyme cascades in biocatalysis: Highlight on transaminases and carboxylic acid reductases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Screening and Comparative Characterization of Microorganisms from Iranian Soil Samples Showing ω-Transaminase Activity toward a Plethora of Substrates. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, soil microorganisms from Iran were screened for ω-transaminase (ω-TA) activity based on growth on minimal media containing (rac)-α-methylbenzylamine (rac-α-MBA) as a sole nitrogen source. Then, for the selection of strains with high enzyme activity, a colorimetric o-xylylendiamine assay was conducted. The most promising strains were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Five microorganisms showing high ω-TA activity were subjected to determine optimal conditions for ω-TA activity, including pH, temperature, co-solvent, and the specificity of the ω-TA toward different amine donors and acceptors. Among the five screened microorganisms, Bacillus halotolerans turned out to be the most promising strain: Its cell-free extract showed a highly versatile amino donor spectrum toward aliphatic, aromatic chiral amines and a broad range of pH activity. Transaminase activity also exhibited excellent solvent tolerance, with maximum turnover in the presence of 30% (v/v) DMSO.
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13
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Zeifman YS, Boyko KM, Nikolaeva AY, Timofeev VI, Rakitina TV, Popov VO, Bezsudnova EY. Functional characterization of PLP fold type IV transaminase with a mixed type of activity from Haliangium ochraceum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:575-585. [PMID: 30902765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent transaminases are industrially important enzymes catalyzing the stereoselective amination of ketones and keto acids. Transaminases of PLP fold type IV are characterized by (R)- or (S)-stereoselective transfer of amino groups, depending on the substrate profile of the enzyme. PLP fold type IV transaminases include branched-chain amino acid transaminases (BCATs), D-amino acid transaminases and (R)-amine:pyruvate transaminases. Recently, transaminases with a mixed type of activity were identified and characterized. Here, we report biochemical and structural characterization of a transaminase from myxobacterium Haliangium ochraceum (Hoch3033), which is active towards keto analogs of branched-chain amino acids (specific substrates for BCATs) and (R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine (specific substrate for (R)-amine:pyruvate transaminases). The enzyme is characterized by an alkaline pH optimum (pH 10.0-10.5) and a tolerance to high salt concentrations (up to 2 M NaCl). The structure of Hoch3033 was determined at 2.35 Å resolution. The overall fold of the enzyme was similar to those of known enzymes of PLP fold type IV. The mixed type of activity of Hoch3033 was implemented within the BCAT-like active site. However, in the active site of Hoch3033, we observed substitutions of specificity-determining residues that are important for substrate binding in canonical BCATs. We suggest that these changes result in the loss of activity towards α-ketoglutarate and increase the affinity towards (R)-(+)-α-methylbenzylamine. These results complement our knowledge of the catalytic diversity of transaminases and indicate the need for further research to understand the structural basis of substrate specificity in these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia S Zeifman
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Konstantin M Boyko
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alena Yu Nikolaeva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Timofeev
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation; FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, 119333 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Rakitina
- Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation; Shemyakin&Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir O Popov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation; Kurchatov Complex of NBICS-Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akad. Kurchatova sqr 1, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Yu Bezsudnova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33, bld. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russian Federation
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14
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Mourelle-Insua Á, Méndez-Sánchez D, Galman JL, Slabu I, Turner NJ, Gotor-Fernández V, Lavandera I. Efficient synthesis of α-alkyl-β-amino amides by transaminase-mediated dynamic kinetic resolutions. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01004a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A transaminase-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution is described for the stereoselective synthesis of a series of α-alkyl-β-amino amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Mourelle-Insua
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department
- University of Oviedo
- 33006 Oviedo
- Spain
- School of Chemistry
| | | | - James L. Galman
- School of Chemistry
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Iustina Slabu
- School of Chemistry
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | - Iván Lavandera
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department
- University of Oviedo
- 33006 Oviedo
- Spain
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15
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Zhang JD, Zhao JW, Gao LL, Chang HH, Wei WL, Xu JH. Enantioselective synthesis of enantiopure β-amino alcohols via kinetic resolution and asymmetric reductive amination by a robust transaminase from Mycobacterium vanbaalenii. J Biotechnol 2019; 290:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Kim GH, Jeon H, Khobragade TP, Patil MD, Sung S, Yoon S, Won Y, Choi IS, Yun H. Enzymatic synthesis of sitagliptin intermediate using a novel ω-transaminase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 120:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Almahboub SA, Narancic T, Fayne D, O'Connor KE. Single point mutations reveal amino acid residues important for Chromobacterium violaceum transaminase activity in the production of unnatural amino acids. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17397. [PMID: 30478262 PMCID: PMC6255834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Unnatural amino acids (UAAs) are chiral amines with high application potential in drug discovery and synthesis of other valuable chemicals. Biocatalysis offers the possibility to synthesise novel optically pure UAAs with different physical and chemical properties. While the biocatalytic potential of transaminases in the synthesis of UAAs has been demonstrated, there is still a need to improve the activity with non-native substrates and to understand which amino acids residues are important for activity with these UAAs. Using a rational design approach, six variants of Chromobacterium violaceum DSM30191 transaminase (CV_TA) carrying a single and one variant carrying two substitutions were generated. Among the variants with a single substitution, CV_Y168F showed a 2 to 2.6-fold increased affinity for 2-oxooctanoic acid (2-OOA) and 3-oxobutyric acid (3-OBA) methyl ester used to synthesise an α- and β-UAA. Analysis of the first half of the transaminase reaction showed no change in the activity with the donor (S)-1-phenylethylamine. The combination of W60C and Y168F substitutions improved the CV_TA affinity for 2-OOA 10-fold compared to the wild type. Other substitutions showed no change, or reduced activity with the tested substrates. Our findings provide structural information on CV_TA and demonstrate the potential of rational design for biosynthesis of UAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Almahboub
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tanja Narancic
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. .,BEACON - Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Darren Fayne
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Kevin E O'Connor
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,BEACON - Bioeconomy Research Centre, Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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18
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Characterization of ELP-fused ω-Transaminase and Its Application for the Biosynthesis of β-Amino Acid. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Buß O, Dold SM, Obermeier P, Litty D, Muller D, Grüninger J, Rudat J. Enantiomer discrimination in β-phenylalanine degradation by a newly isolated Paraburkholderia strain BS115 and type strain PsJN. AMB Express 2018; 8:149. [PMID: 30242525 PMCID: PMC6150868 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their key role in numerous natural compounds, β-amino acids have rarely been studied as substrates for microbial degradation. Fermentation of the newly isolated Paraburkholderia strain BS115 and the type strain P. phytofirmans PsJN with β-phenylalanine (β-PA) as sole nitrogen source revealed (S)-selective transamination of β-PA to the corresponding β-keto acid by both strains, accompanied by substantial formation of acetophenone (AP) from spontaneous decarboxylation of the emerging β-keto acid. While the PsJN culture became stationary after entire (S)-β-PA consumption, BS115 showed further growth at a considerably slower rate, consuming (R)-β-PA without generation of AP which points to a different degradation mechanism for this enantiomer. This is the first report on degradation of both enantiomers of any β-amino acid by one single bacterial strain.
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20
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Xue YP, Cao CH, Zheng YG. Enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1516-1561. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00253j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the progress achieved in the enzymatic asymmetric synthesis of chiral amino acids from prochiral substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Xue
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Cheng-Hao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
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21
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Slabu I, Galman JL, Lloyd RC, Turner NJ. Discovery, Engineering, and Synthetic Application of Transaminase Biocatalysts. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iustina Slabu
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James L. Galman
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C. Lloyd
- Dr.
Reddy’s Laboratories, Chirotech Technology Centre, CB4 0PE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN Manchester, United Kingdom
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22
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Zhang JD, Wu HL, Meng T, Zhang CF, Fan XJ, Chang HH, Wei WL. A high-throughput microtiter plate assay for the discovery of active and enantioselective amino alcohol-specific transaminases. Anal Biochem 2017; 518:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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23
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Börner T, Rämisch S, Reddem ER, Bartsch S, Vogel A, Thunnissen AMWH, Adlercreutz P, Grey C. Explaining Operational Instability of Amine Transaminases: Substrate-Induced Inactivation Mechanism and Influence of Quaternary Structure on Enzyme–Cofactor Intermediate Stability. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Börner
- Division
of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Rämisch
- Schief
Lab, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Eswar R. Reddem
- Laboratory
of Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andy-Mark W. H. Thunnissen
- Laboratory
of Biophysical Chemistry, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Adlercreutz
- Division
of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Grey
- Division
of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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24
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Characterization of Four New Distinct ω-Transaminases from Pseudomonas putida NBRC 14164 for Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Amines and Amino Alcohols. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:972-985. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Slabu I, Galman JL, Weise NJ, Lloyd RC, Turner NJ. Putrescine Transaminases for the Synthesis of Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles from Polyamines. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iustina Slabu
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - James L. Galman
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Nicholas J. Weise
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Richard C. Lloyd
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories; Chirotech Technology Centre; 410, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road Cambridge CB4 0PE UK
| | - Nicholas J. Turner
- School of Chemistry; University of Manchester, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
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26
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Choi KY. Non-enzymatic PLP-dependent oxidative deamination of amino acids induces higher alcohol synthesis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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27
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Mathew S, Jeong SS, Chung T, Lee SH, Yun H. Asymmetric synthesis of aromatic β-amino acids using ω-transaminase: Optimizing the lipase concentration to obtain thermodynamically unstable β-keto acids. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:185-90. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Mathew
- School of Biotechnology; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Seong-Su Jeong
- Department of Life Chemistry; Catholic University of Daegu; Daegu Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Taeowan Chung
- School of Biotechnology; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeup Lee
- Department of Life Chemistry; Catholic University of Daegu; Daegu Gyeongbuk South Korea
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology; Konkuk University; Seoul South Korea
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28
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Cerioli L, Planchestainer M, Cassidy J, Tessaro D, Paradisi F. Characterization of a novel amine transaminase from Halomonas elongata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Steffen-Munsberg F, Vickers C, Kohls H, Land H, Mallin H, Nobili A, Skalden L, van den Bergh T, Joosten HJ, Berglund P, Höhne M, Bornscheuer UT. Bioinformatic analysis of a PLP-dependent enzyme superfamily suitable for biocatalytic applications. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:566-604. [PMID: 25575689 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review we analyse structure/sequence-function relationships for the superfamily of PLP-dependent enzymes with special emphasis on class III transaminases. Amine transaminases are highly important for applications in biocatalysis in the synthesis of chiral amines. In addition, other enzyme activities such as racemases or decarboxylases are also discussed. The substrate scope and the ability to accept chemically different types of substrates are shown to be reflected in conserved patterns of amino acids around the active site. These findings are condensed in a sequence-function matrix, which facilitates annotation and identification of biocatalytically relevant enzymes and protein engineering thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Steffen-Munsberg
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clare Vickers
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hannes Kohls
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Land
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hendrik Mallin
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alberto Nobili
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lilly Skalden
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tom van den Bergh
- Bio-Prodict, Nieuwe Marktstraat 54E, 6511 AA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Joosten
- Bio-Prodict, Nieuwe Marktstraat 54E, 6511 AA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Per Berglund
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Höhne
- Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, Greifswald University, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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30
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Jiang J, Chen X, Zhang D, Wu Q, Zhu D. Characterization of (R)-selective amine transaminases identified by in silico motif sequence blast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2613-21. [PMID: 25267157 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Compared to (S)-selective amine transaminase ((S)-AT), the (R)-selective counterpart ((R)-AT) has been less studied. As such, a simplified "Motif Sequence Blast" search (Höhne et al. Nat Chem Biol 6:807-813, 2010) was carried out to identify new (R)-ATs from the protein databases. The combined conserved sequence motifs of (R)-ATs based on the previous in silico method of predicting (R)-selective amine transaminase were used as the template sequence for BLASTP search at default settings in NCBI, and six candidate sequences were identified. These putative (R)-AT genes were synthesized and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Among them, five new (R)-ATs were expressed as soluble protein and showed unusual substrate specificity and high stereoselectivity. Furthermore, several unnatural amino acids, such as D-alanine, D-2-aminobutyric acid, and D-norvaline, were synthesized via the (R)-AT-catalyzed amino transfer reaction to the corresponding keto acids. Optically pure (S)-amines were also obtained by kinetic resolution of racemic amines catalyzed with these new (R)-ATs. Therefore, the Motif Sequence Blast search offers a quick and effective method for in silico identification of new (R)-ATs, and the newly identified (R)-ATs are attractive additions to the toolbox of (R)-ATs for further study and industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
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31
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Shon M, Shanmugavel R, Shin G, Mathew S, Lee SH, Yun H. Enzymatic synthesis of chiral γ-amino acids using ω-transaminase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12680-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Weber N, Ismail A, Gorwa-Grauslund M, Carlquist M. Biocatalytic potential of vanillin aminotransferase from Capsicum chinense. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:25. [PMID: 24712445 PMCID: PMC4000252 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conversion of vanillin to vanillylamine is a key step in the biosynthetic route towards capsaicinoids in pungent cultivars of Capsicum sp. The reaction has previously been annotated to be catalysed by PAMT (putative aminotransferase; [GenBank: AAC78480.1, Swiss-Prot: O82521]), however, the enzyme has previously not been biochemically characterised in vitro. Results The biochemical activity of the transaminase was confirmed by direct measurement of the reaction with purified recombinant enzyme. The enzyme accepted pyruvate, and oxaloacetate but not 2-oxoglutarate as co-substrate, which is in accordance with other characterised transaminases from the plant kingdom. The enzyme was also able to convert (S)-1-phenylethylamine into acetophenone with high stereo-selectivity. Additionally, it was shown to be active at a broad pH range. Conclusions We suggest PAMT to be renamed to VAMT (vanillin aminotransferase, abbreviation used in this study) as formation of vanillin from vanillylamine could be demonstrated. Furthermore, due to high stereoselectivity and activity at physiological pH, VAMT is a suitable candidate for biocatalytic transamination in a recombinant whole-cell system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magnus Carlquist
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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33
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Jiang J, Chen X, Feng J, Wu Q, Zhu D. Substrate profile of an ω-transaminase from Burkholderia vietnamiensis and its potential for the production of optically pure amines and unnatural amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Lerchner A, Achatz S, Rausch C, Haas T, Skerra A. Coupled Enzymatic Alcohol-to-Amine Conversion of Isosorbide using Engineered Transaminases and Dehydrogenases. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Kroutil W, Fischereder EM, Fuchs C, Lechner H, Mutti FG, Pressnitz D, Rajagopalan A, Sattler JH, Simon RC, Siirola E. Asymmetric Preparation of prim-, sec-, and tert-Amines Employing Selected Biocatalysts. Org Process Res Dev 2013; 17:751-759. [PMID: 23794796 PMCID: PMC3688330 DOI: 10.1021/op4000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This account focuses on the application of ω-transaminases, lyases, and oxidases for the preparation of amines considering mainly work from our own lab. Examples are given to access α-chiral primary amines from the corresponding ketones as well as terminal amines from primary alcohols via a two-step biocascade. 2,6-Disubstituted piperidines, as examples for secondary amines, are prepared by biocatalytical regioselective asymmetric monoamination of designated diketones followed by spontaneous ring closure and a subsequent diastereoselective reduction step. Optically pure tert-amines such as berbines and N-methyl benzylisoquinolines are obtained by kinetic resolution via an enantioselective aerobic oxidative C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
- ACIB
GmbH c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Graz,
Heinrichstrasse
28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Fischereder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Christine
S. Fuchs
- ACIB
GmbH c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Graz,
Heinrichstrasse
28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Lechner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Francesco G. Mutti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Desiree Pressnitz
- ACIB
GmbH c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Graz,
Heinrichstrasse
28, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Aashrita Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Johann H. Sattler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Robert C. Simon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
| | - Elina Siirola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 Graz,
Austria
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Sayer C, Isupov MN, Westlake A, Littlechild JA. Structural studies of Pseudomonas and Chromobacterium ω-aminotransferases provide insights into their differing substrate specificity. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:564-76. [PMID: 23519665 PMCID: PMC3606037 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444912051670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures and inhibitor complexes of two industrially important ω-aminotransferase enzymes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Chromobacterium violaceum have been determined in order to understand the differences in their substrate specificity. The two enzymes share 30% sequence identity and use the same amino acceptor, pyruvate; however, the Pseudomonas enzyme shows activity towards the amino donor β-alanine, whilst the Chromobacterium enzyme does not. Both enzymes show activity towards S-α-methylbenzylamine (MBA), with the Chromobacterium enzyme having a broader substrate range. The crystal structure of the P. aeruginosa enzyme has been solved in the holo form and with the inhibitor gabaculine bound. The C. violaceum enzyme has been solved in the apo and holo forms and with gabaculine bound. The structures of the holo forms of both enzymes are quite similar. There is little conformational difference observed between the inhibitor complex and the holoenzyme for the P. aeruginosa aminotransferase. In comparison, the crystal structure of the C. violaceum gabaculine complex shows significant structural rearrangements from the structures of both the apo and holo forms of the enzyme. It appears that the different rigidity of the protein scaffold contributes to the substrate specificity observed for the two ω-aminotransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sayer
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, England
| | - Michail N. Isupov
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, England
| | - Aaron Westlake
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, England
| | - Jennifer A. Littlechild
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, England
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Siirola E, Mutti FG, Grischek B, Hoefler SF, Fabian WMF, Grogan G, Kroutil W. Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Substituted Cyclohexylamine Derivatives from Prochiral DiketonesviaThree Biocatalytic Steps. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201201057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Rausch C, Lerchner A, Schiefner A, Skerra A. Crystal structure of the ω-aminotransferase from Paracoccus denitrificans and its phylogenetic relationship with other class III aminotransferases that have biotechnological potential. Proteins 2013; 81:774-87. [PMID: 23239223 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apart from their crucial role in metabolism, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent aminotransferases (ATs) constitute a class of enzymes with increasing application in industrial biotechnology. To provide better insight into the structure-function relationships of ATs with biotechnological potential we performed a fundamental bioinformatics analysis of 330 representative sequences of pro- and eukaryotic Class III ATs using a structure-guided approach. The calculated phylogenetic maximum likelihood tree revealed six distinct clades of which the first segregates with a very high bootstrap value of 92%. Most enzymes in this first clade have been functionally well characterized, whereas knowledge about the natural functions and substrates of enzymes in the other branches is sparse. Notably, in those clades 2-6 members of the peculiar class of ω-ATs prevail, many of which have proven useful for the preparation of chiral amines or artificial amino acids. One representative is the ω-AT from Paracoccus denitrificans (PD ω-AT) which catalyzes, for example, the transamination in a novel biocatalytic process for the production of L-homoalanine from L-threonine. To gain structural insight into this important enzyme, its X-ray analysis was carried out at a resolution of 2.6 Å, including the covalently bound PLP as well as 5-aminopentanoate as a putative amino donor substrate. On the basis of this crystal structure in conjunction with our phylogenetic analysis, we have identified a generic set of active site residues of ω-ATs that are associated with a strong preference for aromatic substrates, thus guiding the discovery of novel promising enzymes for the biotechnological production of corresponding chiral amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rausch
- Munich Center for integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) and Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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40
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Biochemical properties and crystal structure of a β-phenylalanine aminotransferase from Variovorax paradoxus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 79:185-95. [PMID: 23087034 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02525-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By selective enrichment, we isolated a bacterium that can use β-phenylalanine as a sole nitrogen source. It was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as a strain of Variovorax paradoxus. Enzyme assays revealed an aminotransferase activity. Partial genome sequencing and screening of a cosmid DNA library resulted in the identification of a 1,302-bp aminotransferase gene, which encodes a 46,416-Da protein. The gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified and showed a specific activity of 17.5 U mg(-1) for (S)-β-phenylalanine at 30°C and 33 U mg(-1) at the optimum temperature of 55°C. The β-specific aminotransferase exhibits a broad substrate range, accepting ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted β-phenylalanine derivatives as amino donors and 2-oxoglutarate and pyruvate as amino acceptors. The enzyme is highly enantioselective toward (S)-β-phenylalanine (enantioselectivity [E], >100) and derivatives thereof with different substituents on the phenyl ring, allowing the kinetic resolution of various racemic β-amino acids to yield (R)-β-amino acids with >95% enantiomeric excess (ee). The crystal structures of the holoenzyme and of the enzyme in complex with the inhibitor 2-aminooxyacetate revealed structural similarity to the β-phenylalanine aminotransferase from Mesorhizobium sp. strain LUK. The crystal structure was used to rationalize the stereo- and regioselectivity of V. paradoxus aminotransferase and to define a sequence motif with which new aromatic β-amino acid-converting aminotransferases may be identified.
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41
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Mathew S, Yun H. ω-Transaminases for the Production of Optically Pure Amines and Unnatural Amino Acids. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300116n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Mathew
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Korea
| | - Hyungdon Yun
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-749, Korea
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42
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Humble MS, Cassimjee KE, Abedi V, Federsel HJ, Berglund P. Key Amino Acid Residues for Reversed or Improved Enantiospecificity of an ω-Transaminase. ChemCatChem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Rudat J, Brucher BR, Syldatk C. Transaminases for the synthesis of enantiopure beta-amino acids. AMB Express 2012; 2:11. [PMID: 22293122 PMCID: PMC3281772 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically pure β-amino acids constitute interesting building blocks for peptidomimetics and a great variety of pharmaceutically important compounds. Their efficient synthesis still poses a major challenge. Transaminases (also known as aminotransferases) possess a great potential for the synthesis of optically pure β-amino acids. These pyridoxal 5'-dependent enzymes catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor substrate to an acceptor, thus enabling the synthesis of a wide variety of chiral amines and amino acids. Transaminases can be applied either for the kinetic resolution of racemic compounds or the asymmetric synthesis starting from a prochiral substrate. This review gives an overview over microbial transaminases with activity towards β-amino acids and their substrate spectra. It also outlines current strategies for the screening of new biocatalysts. Particular emphasis is placed on activity assays which are applicable to high-throughput screening.
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Abstract
Aminotransferases are key enzymes of the metabolism of proteinogenic amino acids. These ubiquitous biocatalysts show high specific activities and relaxed substrate specificities making them valuable tools for the stereoselective synthesis of unnatural amino acids. We describe here the application of aspartate aminotransferase and branched chain aminotransferase from E. coli for the synthesis of various glutamate analogues, molecules of particular interest regarding the neuroactive properties of glutamic acid.
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Humble MS, Cassimjee KE, Håkansson M, Kimbung YR, Walse B, Abedi V, Federsel HJ, Berglund P, Logan DT. Crystal structures of the Chromobacterium violaceumω-transaminase reveal major structural rearrangements upon binding of coenzyme PLP. FEBS J 2012; 279:779-92. [PMID: 22268978 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The bacterial ω-transaminase from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv-ωTA, EC2.6.1.18) catalyses industrially important transamination reactions by use of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Here, we present four crystal structures of Cv-ωTA: two in the apo form, one in the holo form and one in an intermediate state, at resolutions between 1.35 and 2.4 Å. The enzyme is a homodimer with a molecular mass of ∼ 100 kDa. Each monomer has an active site at the dimeric interface that involves amino acid residues from both subunits. The apo-Cv-ωTA structure reveals unique 'relaxed' conformations of three critical loops involved in structuring the active site that have not previously been seen in a transaminase. Analysis of the four crystal structures reveals major structural rearrangements involving elements of the large and small domains of both monomers that reorganize the active site in the presence of PLP. The conformational change appears to be triggered by binding of the phosphate group of PLP. Furthermore, one of the apo structures shows a disordered 'roof ' over the PLP-binding site, whereas in the other apo form and the holo form the 'roof' is ordered. Comparison with other known transaminase crystal structures suggests that ordering of the 'roof' structure may be associated with substrate binding in Cv-ωTA and some other transaminases. DATABASE The atomic coordinates and structure factors for the Chromobacterium violaceumω-transaminase crystal structures can be found in the RCSB Protein Data Bank (http://www.rcsb.org) under the accession codes 4A6U for the holoenzyme, 4A6R for the apo1 form, 4A6T for the apo2 form and 4A72 for the mixed form STRUCTURED DIGITAL ABSTRACT • -transaminases and -transaminases bind by dynamic light scattering (View interaction) • -transaminase and -transaminase bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction) • -transaminase and -transaminase bind by x-ray crystallography (View interaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Humble
- Division of Biochemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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46
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Fuchs M, Tauber K, Sattler J, Lechner H, Pfeffer J, Kroutil W, Faber K. Amination of benzylic and cinnamic alcohols via a biocatalytic, aerobic, oxidation–transamination cascade. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20800h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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47
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Iwasaki A, Matsumoto K, Hasegawa J, Yasohara Y. A novel transaminase, (R)-amine:pyruvate aminotransferase, from Arthrobacter sp. KNK168 (FERM BP-5228): purification, characterization, and gene cloning. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1563-73. [PMID: 22002066 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel (R)-amine transaminase, which catalyzed (R)-enantioselective transamination of chiral amine, was purified to homogeneity from Arthrobacter sp. KNK168 (FERM BP-5228). The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 148 kDa by gel filtration and 37 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting a homotetrameric structure. The enzyme catalyzed transamination between amines and pyruvate stereo-specifically. The reaction on 1-methylbenzylamine was (R)-enantioselective. Pyruvate was the best amino acceptor, but the enzyme showed broad amino acceptor specificity for various ketone and aldehyde compounds. The apparent K(m)s for (R)-1-methylbenzylamine and pyruvate were 2.62 and 2.29 mM, respectively. The cloned gene of the enzyme consists of an open reading frame (ORF) of 993 bp encoding a protein of 330 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 36,288. The deduced amino acid sequence was found to be homologous to those of the aminotransferases belonging to fold class IV of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes, such as branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iwasaki
- QOL Division Technology Management Department Research Group, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, Hyogo, Japan.
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48
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Park ES, Kim M, Shin JS. Molecular determinants for substrate selectivity of ω-transaminases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:2425-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Kim B, Park OK, Bae JY, Jang TH, Yoon JH, Do KH, Kim BG, Yun H, Park HH. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of β-transaminase from Mesorhizobium sp. strain LUK. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:231-3. [PMID: 21301093 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309110050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
β-Transaminase (β-TA) catalyzes the transamination reaction between β-aminocarboxylic acids and keto acids. This enzyme is a particularly suitable candidate for use as a biocatalyst for the asymmetric synthesis of enantiochemically pure β-amino acids for pharmaceutical purposes. The β-TA from Mesorhizobium sp. strain LUK (β-TAMs) belongs to a novel class in that it shows β-transaminase activity with a broad and unique substrate specificity. In this study, β-TAMs was overexpressed in Escherichia coli with an engineered C-terminal His tag. β-TAMs was then purified to homogeneity and crystallized at 293 K. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 2.5 Å from a crystal that belonged to the orthorhombic space group C222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 90.91, b = 192.17, c = 52.75 Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Kim
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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50
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Bea HS, Park HJ, Lee SH, Yun H. Kinetic resolution of aromatic β-amino acids by ω-transaminase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:5894-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11528f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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