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Sex, Age, and Race Effects on Immunogenicity of MenB-FHbp, A Bivalent Meningococcal B Vaccine: Pooled Evaluation of Clinical Trial Data. Infect Dis Ther 2020; 9:625-639. [PMID: 32681472 PMCID: PMC7452992 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-020-00322-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction An extensive clinical development program showed that the meningococcal serogroup B-factor H binding protein (MenB-FHbp) vaccine affords protection against MenB disease for adolescents and adults. Data were pooled from multiple studies within the program to examine whether MenB-FHbp immunogenicity was influenced by sex, age, or race. Methods Immunogenicity was assessed in subjects from seven studies who received 120 µg MenB-FHbp (at 0, 2, 6 months) and had evaluated immune responses against four representative test strains via serum bactericidal assays using human complement (hSBAs). Immune responses were presented by sex (male, female), age group (10–14, 15–18, 19–25, 10–25 years), and race (white, black, Asian, other). Results Among 8026 subjects aged 10–25 years included in this analysis, MenB-FHbp elicited robust immune responses in a high percentage of subjects regardless of demographic characteristics. Across all test strains and demographic subsets, a ≥ 4-fold rise in titer from baseline was achieved in 76.7–95.0% of subjects, with no major differences by sex, age groups assessed, or races evaluated. Corresponding percentages achieving titers ≥ the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) against all four strains combined were 79.7–87.3% (sex), 81.6–85.5% (age), and 80.0–88.1% (race). Minor differences were observed for geometric mean titers and percentages of subjects achieving titers ≥ LLOQ against each strain based on demographics. Conclusion These data suggested no clinically meaningful differences in MenB-FHbp immunogenicity when administered as a three-dose schedule based on sex, ages assessed, or races evaluated. This analysis supports the continued recommended use of MenB-FHbp to prevent MenB disease in adolescents and young adults. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers, NCT00808028, NCT01830855, NCT01323270, NCT01461993, NCT01461980, NCT01352845, and NCT01299480.
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Sathiyanarayanan S, Kumar P, Rao CR, Kumar A, Kamath A, Kamath V. Prevalence of Maternal Measles Antibody and Its Associated Factors among Infants in Coastal Karnataka, India. Indian J Community Med 2020; 45:83-88. [PMID: 32029990 PMCID: PMC6985954 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_259_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current recommendation in India to commence first dose of measles immunization is at 9 months of age. The effectiveness of measles vaccination is greatly impacted by the level of maternal measles antibody (MMA) during infancy. OBJECTIVES To find the prevalence of MMA and to study the maternal and infant factors associated with persistence of MMA among the infants in a Indian rural community. METHODOLOGY Dried blood spot sample was collected before vaccination among infants aged 9 months and above when they came for first dose of measles vaccine to assess measles-specific maternal IgG antibody titers by enzyme immunoassay. Maternal and child factors influencing persistence of MMA were collected by interviewing the mothers. Association between various factors affecting seropositivity was tested using univariate logistic regression analysis and strength of association is reported as risk ratio with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Based on the qualitative estimation among all the recruited children (250) in the study, 4 (1.6%) infants showed the presence of MMA whereas 25 (10%) of children had MMA on quantitative estimation. The effect of maternal factors, child nutrition, and sociodemographic factors on the presence of MMA was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION The prevalence of persistent MMA (IgG titer ≥200 mIU/ml) among the infants aged 9-12 months was 10%. The choice of vaccinating infants at the end of 9 months for the first dose of measles vaccine is justified as the remaining (90%) of infants were susceptible for measles infection at this age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sathiyanarayanan
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chythra R. Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department for Virus Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Department of Statistics, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena Kamath
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Carryn S, Feyssaguet M, Povey M, Di Paolo E. Long-term immunogenicity of measles, mumps and rubella-containing vaccines in healthy young children: A 10-year follow-up. Vaccine 2019; 37:5323-5331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Do VA, Biering-Sørensen S, Fisker AB, Balé C, Rasmussen SM, Christensen LD, Jensen KJ, Martins C, Aaby P, Benn CS. Effect of an Early Dose of Measles Vaccine on Morbidity Between 18 Weeks and 9 Months of Age: A Randomized, Controlled Trial in Guinea-Bissau. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1188-1196. [PMID: 28077730 PMCID: PMC5441109 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children in Guinea-Bissau receive measles vaccine (MV) at 9 months of age, but studies have shown that an additional dose before 9 months of age might have beneficial nonspecific effects. Within a randomized trial designed to examine nonspecific effects of early MV receipt on mortality, we conducted a substudy to investigate the effect of early MV receipt on morbidity. Methods Children were randomly assigned at a ratio of 2:1 to receive 2 doses of MV at 18 weeks and age 9 months (intervention group) or 1 dose of MV at age 9 months, in accordance with current practice (control group). Children were visited weekly from enrollment to age 9 months; the mother reported morbidity, and the field assistants examined the children. Using Cox and binomial regression models, we compared the 2 randomization groups. Results Among the 1592 children, early measles vaccination was not associated with a higher risk of the well-known adverse events of fever, rash, and convulsions within the first 14 days. From 15 days after randomization to age 9 months, early measles vaccination was associated with reductions in maternally reported diarrhea (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], .82-.97), vomiting (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, .75-.98), and fever (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, .87-1.00). Conclusion Early MV receipt was associated with reduced general morbidity in the following months, supporting that early MV receipt may improve the general health of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu An Do
- Research Center for Vitamins & Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Projécto de Saúde Bandim, INDEPTH Network, Codex 1004, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Sofie Biering-Sørensen
- Research Center for Vitamins & Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Projécto de Saúde Bandim, INDEPTH Network, Codex 1004, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Ane Bærent Fisker
- Research Center for Vitamins & Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Projécto de Saúde Bandim, INDEPTH Network, Codex 1004, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Carlito Balé
- Projécto de Saúde Bandim, INDEPTH Network, Codex 1004, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Stine Møller Rasmussen
- Research Center for Vitamins & Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Projécto de Saúde Bandim, INDEPTH Network, Codex 1004, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Lone Damkjær Christensen
- Research Center for Vitamins & Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Projécto de Saúde Bandim, INDEPTH Network, Codex 1004, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Kristoffer Jarlov Jensen
- Research Center for Vitamins & Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Section for Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C
| | - Cesário Martins
- Projécto de Saúde Bandim, INDEPTH Network, Codex 1004, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Peter Aaby
- Projécto de Saúde Bandim, INDEPTH Network, Codex 1004, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Christine Stabell Benn
- Research Center for Vitamins & Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 9a, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Jensen KJ, Søndergaard M, Andersen A, Sartono E, Martins C, Garly ML, Eugen-Olsen J, Ullum H, Yazdanbakhsh M, Aaby P, Benn CS, Erikstrup C. A randomized trial of an early measles vaccine at 4½ months of age in Guinea-Bissau: sex-differential immunological effects. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97536. [PMID: 24835247 PMCID: PMC4024025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background After measles vaccine (MV), all-cause mortality is reduced more than can be explained by the prevention of measles, especially in females. Objective We aimed to study the biological mechanisms underlying the observed non-specific and sex-differential effects of MV on mortality. Methods Within a large randomised trial of MV at 4.5 months of age blood samples were obtained before and six weeks after randomisation to early MV or no early MV. We measured concentrations of cytokines and soluble receptors from plasma (interleukin-1 receptor agonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor), and secreted cytokines (interferon-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17) after in vitro challenge with innate agonists and recall antigens. We analysed the effect of MV in multiple imputation regression, overall and stratified by sex. The majority of the infants had previously been enrolled in a randomised trial of neonatal vitamin A. Post hoc we explored the potential effect modification by neonatal vitamin A. Results Overall, MV versus no MV was associated with higher plasma MCP-1 levels, but the effect was only significant among females. Additionally, MV was associated with increased plasma IL-1Ra. MV had significantly positive effects on plasma IL-1Ra and IL-8 levels in females, but not in males. These effects were strongest in vitamin A supplemented infants. Vitamin A shifted the effect of MV in a pro-inflammatory direction. Conclusions In this explorative study we found indications of sex-differential effects of MV on several of the plasma biomarkers investigated; in particular MV increased levels in females, most strongly in vitamin A recipients. The findings support that sex and micronutrient supplementation should be taken into account when analysing vaccine effects. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov number NCT 00168545
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Jarlov Jensen
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- * E-mail:
| | - Mia Søndergaard
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Andreas Andersen
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Cesario Martins
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - May-Lill Garly
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Jesper Eugen-Olsen
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Henrik Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Aaby
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
| | - Christine Stabell Benn
- Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines (CVIVA), Bandim Health Project, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- OPEN, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark/Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Erikstrup
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abrams S, Beutels P, Hens N. Assessing mumps outbreak risk in highly vaccinated populations using spatial seroprevalence data. Am J Epidemiol 2014; 179:1006-17. [PMID: 24573540 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mumps is a potentially severe viral infection. The incidence of mumps has declined dramatically in high-income countries since the introduction of mumps antigen-containing vaccines. However, recent large outbreaks of mumps in highly vaccinated populations suggest waning of vaccine-induced immunity and primary vaccine failure. In this paper we present a simple method for identifying geographic regions with high outbreak potential, demonstrated using 2006 mumps seroprevalence data from Belgium and Belgian vaccination coverage data. Predictions of the outbreak potential in terms of the effective reproduction number in future years signal an increased risk of new mumps outbreaks. Literature reviews on serological information for both primary vaccine failure and waning immunity provide essential information for our predictions. Tailor-made additional vaccination campaigns would be valuable for decreasing local pockets of susceptibility, thereby reducing the risk of future large-scale mumps outbreaks.
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Jepsen MPG, Jogdand PS, Singh SK, Esen M, Christiansen M, Issifou S, Hounkpatin AB, Ateba-Ngoa U, Kremsner PG, Dziegiel MH, Olesen-Larsen S, Jepsen S, Mordmüller B, Theisen M. The Malaria Vaccine Candidate GMZ2 Elicits Functional Antibodies in Individuals From Malaria Endemic and Non-Endemic Areas. J Infect Dis 2013; 208:479-88. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jit185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Australian population cohort study of newly arrived refugee children: how effective is predeparture measles and rubella vaccination? Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:104-9. [PMID: 22955722 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e31827075c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predeparture medical screening and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination are routinely given to refugee children before departure from most transit countries en route to Australia. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this single measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and the reliability of its documentation. This is important in determining refugees' susceptibility to measles and rubella and the risk to the nonvaccinated community. METHODS We analyzed measles and rubella serology in a comprehensively screened population of newly arrived refugees. We reviewed seropositivity rates based on age, sex, country of departure and vaccine documentation. RESULTS Of 164 children screened, 139 (84.8%) were immune to rubella; 143 (87.7%) to measles and 119 (73.0%) to both. There was no significant difference in immunity among those of different ages or those departing different continents. Immunity rates among those with documented measles-mumps-rubella tended to be higher: 91.1% for rubella, 89.1% for measles and 80.0% for both diseases, but this did not reach significance at the 5% level. There was a significant difference between males (65.9%) and females (81.3%) immune to both diseases (P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS This cohort demonstrated similar measles and rubella seropositivity rates to those of the Australian population, but lower rates than population seroconversion studies, which have been estimated at 95%. Males were less likely to be immune. Rates in those with documented vaccination approximated seroconversion studies. This confirms the appropriateness of current guidelines which suggest that immunization is not required in the face of documented prior vaccination, but is required without such documentation.
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Association of HLA class II genes with clinical hyporesponsiveness to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in children. Vaccine 2012; 31:1123-8. [PMID: 23261040 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary prevention measure for influenza infection has been the use of influenza vaccines. However, even when the vaccine and circulating strains are well-matched, some healthy children do not respond to the vaccine, likely due to a genetic basis for immune hyporesponsiveness. The primary objective of this study was to identify HLA class II genes associated with clinical hyporesponsiveness after trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in children. METHODS We conducted a case-control study nested within a retrospective cohort of children that were screened at birth for HLA-DR,DQ genotypes by the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) and were subsequently followed for up to 8 years by Kaiser Permanente, Colorado (KPCO). Hyporesponsiveness was clinically defined as the occurrence of influenza or influenza-like illness (ILI) in peak influenza weeks in children fully vaccinated with TIV. Each child with clinical hyporesponse (n=252) was matched to 4 randomly selected controls (n=1006) by age and season. Children with clinical hyporesponse to TIV were identified using the Kaiser electronic clinical and immunization databases. Fully vaccinated children within the KPCO-DAISY cohort who did not have a diagnosis of ILI during the entire influenza season were eligible to be controls for that season. Class II HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes were the primary exposure variables. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate the matched odds ratios. RESULTS In non-Hispanic white children, HLA-DR7/4,DQB1 0302 genotype was significantly associated (OR=5.15; 95% CI=1.94, 13.67; p=0.001), while in Hispanic children, HLA-DRB1 15 or 16 allele (OR=0.31; 95% CI=0.14, 0.69; p=0.004) and HLA-DR7/Y (DRB1 11, DRB1 13 and DRB1 14) genotype (OR=5.84; 95% CI=1.68, 20.28; p=0.006) were significantly associated with clinical hyporesponsiveness after TIV. CONCLUSIONS HLA class II genes are associated with clinical hyporesponsiveness to TIV. This finding is important as it may help identify a group of children who are not protected by the commonly used TIV and may require alternative preventive strategies.
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Toptygina A, Semikina E, Alioshkin V. Influence of an immunopotentiator Polyoxidonium on cytokine profile and antibody production in children vaccinated with Priorix. Arch Physiol Biochem 2012; 118:197-203. [PMID: 22385273 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2012.659669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
60 children aged 1-2 years old (32 boys and 28 girls) were vaccinated with Priorix. Vaccinated children included healthy control (19 children, group 1), and children with immunological disturbances such as episodes of respiratory infection. From the latter group, 20 children did not receive (group 2), and 21 children received 0.15 mg/kg of Polyoxidonium simultaneously with the vaccine (group 3).On days 7 and 30 after vaccination, CD-markers on lymphocytes and concentration of specific antibodies, as well as levels of 11 cytokines in serum were evaluated by flow cytometry, ELISA, and multiplex techniques respectively. It was found that injection of Polyoxidonium skewed T helper differentiation to Th2 type. Antibody responses were significantly higher in children with preferable Th2 responses. Children from group 3 possessed higher titers of specific IgG-antibodies. Our study shows that Polyoxidonium could smooth out the immune reaction on vaccination. It is important for children with some immunological disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toptygina
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.
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Prevalence of antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella in the childhood population in Singapore, 2008-2010. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 141:1721-30. [PMID: 22999024 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812002130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We undertook a national paediatric seroprevalence survey of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) in Singapore to assess the impact of the national childhood immunization programme against these three diseases after introduction of the trivalent MMR vaccine in 1990. The survey involved 1200 residual sera of Singapore residents aged 1-17 years collected from two hospitals between 2008 and 2010. The overall prevalence of antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella was 83∙1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 80∙9-85∙1], 71.8% (95% CI 69∙1-74∙2) and 88∙5% (95% CI 86∙6-90∙2), respectively. For all three diseases, the lowest prevalence was in children aged 1 year (47∙8-62∙3%). The seroprevalence of the vaccinated children declined over time. The national MMR immunization programme is effective in raising the herd immunity of the childhood population, although certain age groups are more susceptible to infection, in particular, those who are not eligible for vaccination at age <15 months.
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Poethko-Müller C, Mankertz A. Sero-epidemiology of measles-specific IgG antibodies and predictive factors for low or missing titres in a German population-based cross-sectional study in children and adolescents (KiGGS). Vaccine 2011; 29:7949-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Miura K, Zhou H, Diouf A, Tullo G, Moretz SE, Aebig JA, Fay MP, Miller LH, Doumbo OK, Sagara I, Dicko A, Long CA, Ellis RD. Immunological responses against Plasmodium falciparum Apical Membrane Antigen 1 vaccines vary depending on the population immunized. Vaccine 2011; 29:2255-61. [PMID: 21277408 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical development of malaria vaccines progresses from trials in malaria naïve adults to malaria exposed adults followed by malaria exposed children. It is not well known whether immune responses in non-target populations are predictive of those in target populations, particularly in African children. Therefore humoral responses in three different populations (U.S. adults, Malian adults and Malian children) were compared in this study. They were immunized with 80 μg of Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1)/alhydrogel on days 0 and 28. Sera were collected on days 0 and 42; antibody levels were determined by ELISA and the functionality of antibodies was evaluated by Growth Inhibition Assay. After immunization, there was no significant difference in antibody levels between the Malian children and the Malian adults, but U.S. adults showed lower antibody levels. Vaccination did not significantly change growth-inhibitory activity in Malian adults, but inhibition increased significantly in both U.S. adults and Malian children. Vaccine-induced inhibitory activity was reversed by pre-incubation with AMA1 protein, but pre-existing infection-induced inhibition was not. This study shows that humoral responses elicited by the AMA1 vaccine varied depending on the population, most likely reflecting different levels of previous malaria exposure. Thus predicting immune responses from non-target populations is not desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoyo Miura
- Malaria Vaccine Development Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Practical Pediatric and Adolescent Immunization Update. J Nurse Pract 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sirugo G, Hennig BJ, Adeyemo AA, Matimba A, Newport MJ, Ibrahim ME, Ryckman KK, Tacconelli A, Mariani-Costantini R, Novelli G, Soodyall H, Rotimi CN, Ramesar RS, Tishkoff SA, Williams SM. Genetic studies of African populations: an overview on disease susceptibility and response to vaccines and therapeutics. Hum Genet 2008; 123:557-98. [PMID: 18512079 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-008-0511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Africa is the ultimate source of modern humans and as such harbors more genetic variation than any other continent. For this reason, studies of the patterns of genetic variation in African populations are crucial to understanding how genes affect phenotypic variation, including disease predisposition. In addition, the patterns of extant genetic variation in Africa are important for understanding how genetic variation affects infectious diseases that are a major problem in Africa, such as malaria, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, and HIV/AIDS. Therefore, elucidating the role that genetic susceptibility to infectious diseases plays is critical to improving the health of people in Africa. It is also of note that recent and ongoing social and cultural changes in sub-Saharan Africa have increased the prevalence of non-communicable diseases that will also require genetic analyses to improve disease prevention and treatment. In this review we give special attention to many of the past and ongoing studies, emphasizing those in Sub-Saharan Africans that address the role of genetic variation in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Sirugo
- Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The Gambia, West Africa.
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Kimman TG, Vandebriel RJ, Hoebee B. Genetic variation in the response to vaccination. Public Health Genomics 2007; 10:201-17. [PMID: 17895626 DOI: 10.1159/000106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the most powerful means to prevent and diminish the burden of infectious disease. However, there are limitations to their use: vaccines are not yet available for all infectious diseases (including human immunodeficiency virus and respiratory syncytial virus), they sometimes lack efficacy, the response to vaccination is limited by maternal antibodies in very young infants, and the response to vaccination is variable or may even be absent in some individuals. This review focuses on genetic factors that determine the variable response to vaccination. The highly polymorphic human leukocyte antigen system, which is involved in antigen presentation, has been researched most in this aspect, and clearly affects the response to vaccination. Other, but less polymorphic pathways involved are the Toll-like receptor pathway, which is involved in antigen recognition and stimulation of the immune system, and the cytokine immunoregulatory network. The heritability, or the proportion of total variance that is due to additive genetic factors, appears to be particularly large for vaccine-induced antibody responses in young infants compared with cell-mediated responses and antibody responses in older, immunologically more mature individuals. Both antibody and cell-mediated responses are not only affected by loci within, but also strongly by loci outside the human leukocyte antigen system. Because most genes that are important in influencing immune responses to vaccination are still unknown, clearly more work is required. A better understanding of the factors that determine an effective response to vaccination may lead to the identification of specific genes and pathways as targets for the development of novel more uniformly effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Kimman
- Laboratorie for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, National Institute of Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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