1
|
Bruschetta G, Leonardi F, Licata P, Iannelli NM, Fernàndez-Parra R, Bruno F, Messina L, Costa GL. Oxidative stress in relation to serotonin under general anaesthesia in dogs undergoing ovariectomy. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-8. [PMID: 39028214 PMCID: PMC11262201 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2379319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal surgery such as ovariectomy is a traumatic event that can cause oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentration of serotonin in relation to ovariectomy-induced oxidative stress in dogs undergoing general anesthesia. Thirty-two female dogs, under general anesthesia, received meloxicam before surgery (0.2 mgkg-1 SC) and after surgery (0.1 mgkg-1 OS every 24 h). The physiological, hematological, and biochemical parameters: glycemia, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein, albumin and BUN were evaluated. Oxidative stress was determined by malondialdehyde (MDA) assay, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChe) at baseline, 36 and 48 h after the last administration of meloxicam. Serotonin (5-HT) concentration was also evaluated at baseline, 36 and 48 h after the last administration of meloxicam. Responses to surgical stimulus were evaluated. Physiological and hematological parameters they fell within the normal ranges for anesthetized dogs. Glycemia increased, albumin levels decreased after surgery. No rescue analgesia was required. MDA and 5-HT concentrations significantly increased from the baseline at 36 and 48 h after surgery (p < .001). 5-HT levels could be used as an indicator for oxidative stress induced by surgery and it might be employed for objectively quantifying the well-being of the surgical patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Leonardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Fabio Bruno
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Messina
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Costa GL, Leonardi F, Licata P, Tabbì M, Iannelli N, Iannelli D, Macrì D, Bruno F, Ferrantelli V, Nava V, Interlandi C, Bruschetta G. Effect of surgery on oxidative stress and endogenous tocopherol concentrations in juvenile female dogs. Acta Vet Scand 2024; 66:30. [PMID: 38992641 PMCID: PMC11241787 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-024-00753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery such as ovariectomy causes an inflammatory and oxidative stress. This study was designed to evaluate endogenous tocopherol levels in response to surgical oxidative stress induced by abdominal surgery (ovariectomy) in thirty-two juvenile female dogs. The dogs received meloxicam before surgery (0.2 mg/kg SC) and after surgery (0.1 mg/kg OS every 24 h), 0.03 mg/kg of atropine sulfate (IM), and propofol 4 mg/kg intravenously (IV). General anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. Physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) and α-, δ-, γ-tocopherols were evaluated at baseline, 36 and 48 h after surgery. RESULTS The physiological parameters remained within normal ranges. Blood glucose concentration increased, while the albumin levels decreased after surgery. Rescue analgesia was not required. MDA levels increased above the baseline at 36 and 48 h after surgery (P < 0.001). The α-, δ-, and γ-tocopherol concentrations decreased from baseline at 36 and 48 h after surgery (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Surgery in juvenile female dogs revealed oxidative, increased MDA concentrations, reduced tocopherol levels, and had a clinically insignificant influence on homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Lucrezia Costa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Leonardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Tabbì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Iannelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
- Clinica Veterinaria Camagna, Via Fortunato Licandro 13, 84124, VetpartnersReggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Diego Iannelli
- Clinica Veterinaria Camagna, Via Fortunato Licandro 13, 84124, VetpartnersReggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Daniele Macrì
- Zooprophylactic Institute, Via Gino Marinuzzi 4, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Bruno
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Nava
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Interlandi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Costa GL, Bruno F, Leonardi F, Licata P, Macrì F, Fernández Parra R, Bruschetta G, Nava V, Pugliese M, Spadola F. Surgical Site Infiltration with Comfort-in Device and Traditional Syringe in Dogs Undergoing Regional Mastectomy: Evaluation of Intra- and Postoperative Pain and Oxidative Stress. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1902. [PMID: 38998014 PMCID: PMC11240617 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The surgical site infiltration of a local anesthetic is defined as the direct injection of a drug. This study aimed to compare the effects of surgical site infiltration with 4 mg kg-1 lidocaine using a Comfort-in device and traditional syringe on oxidative status and intra- and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing regional mastectomy. Sixty adult female dogs divided into C (Comfort-in device), S (traditional syringe), and CTR (control) groups received 2 µg kg-1 dexmedetomidine and 4 mg kg-1 tramadol IM, 5 mg kg-1 tiletamine/zolazepam IV, and isoflurane. The physiological and anesthesiological parameters were measured. The assessment of intra- and postoperative responses to the surgical stimulus was performed using a cumulative pain scale (CPS score of 0-4) and the Colorado Pain Scale (CSU-CAPS score of 0-4). The hematological and biochemical parameters and inflammatory oxidative status were measured. The CPS scores showed no significant differences between the C and S groups (p = 0.236), while the comparison between the CTR, C, and S groups, respectively, showed a significant difference (p < 0.001). The postoperative analgesia scores were significantly lower in the C group compared to those of the S and CTR groups (p < 0.001). In the C group, no subject received rescue analgesia during the intra- and postoperative periods. The level of oxidative inflammatory stress was lower in group C than those in S and CTR groups, and no side effects were observed in all the groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Lucrezia Costa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Bruno
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Leonardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Licata
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rocío Fernández Parra
- Departamento de Cirugía y Medicina Animal, Universidad Catòlica de Valencia San Vicente Màrtir, 46018 Valencia, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nava
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Michela Pugliese
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Filippo Spadola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao R, Zhu L, Zhang W, Jin W, Bai F, Xu P, Wang J, Sun Q, Guo Z, Yuan L. Novel Peptides from Sturgeon Ovarian Protein Hydrolysates Prevent Oxidative Stress-Induced Dysfunction in Osteoblast Cells: Purification, Identification, and Characterization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10076-10088. [PMID: 38629202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore antioxidant peptides derived from sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) ovaries that exhibit antiosteoporotic effects in oxidative-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. The F3-15 component obtained from sturgeon ovarian protein hydrolysates (SOPHs) via gel filtration and RP-HPLC significantly increased the cell survival rate (from 49.38 ± 2.88 to 76.26 ± 2.09%). Two putative antioxidant-acting peptides, FDWDRL (FL6) and FEGPPFKF (FF8), were screened from the F3-15 faction via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and through prediction by computer simulations. Molecular docking results indicated that the possible antioxidant mechanisms of FL6 and FF8 involved blocking the active site of human myeloperoxidase (hMPO). The in vitro tests showed that FL6 and FF8 were equally adept at reducing intracellular ROS levels, increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and protecting cells from oxidative injuries by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and activating the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway. Moreover, both peptides could increase differentiation and mineralization abilities in oxidatively damaged MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, FF8 exhibited high resistance to pepsin and trypsin, showcasing potential for practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wengang Jin
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, Zhe Jiang 324000, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, Zhe Jiang 324000, China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, Zhe Jiang 324000, China
| | - Quancai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zitao Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Li Yuan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaur S, Rubal, Kaur S, Kaur A, Kaur S, Gupta S, Mittal S, Dhiman M. A cross-sectional study to correlate antioxidant enzymes, oxidative stress and inflammation with prevalence of hypertension. Life Sci 2023; 313:121134. [PMID: 36544300 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension a multifactorial consequence of environmental factors, life style and genetics is the well-recognized risk factor contributing to coronary heart diseases. The antioxidant imbalance, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress which is pivotal in progression of hypertension. The present study aims to understand the complex interaction between oxidative stress, inflammation and antioxidant system which is crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis which further can exaggerate hypertension pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The metabolic profile of hypertensive and normotensive subjects from Malwa region, Punjab was compared by estimating lipid profile, cardiac, hepatic and renal markers. The oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and lipid peroxidation), inflammatory markers (Nitric oxide, Myeloperoxidase and advanced oxygen protein products), and antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, and Total Antioxidant Capacity) were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS It is observed that the metabolic markers are altered in hypertensive subjects which further these subjects showed increased oxidative, inflammatory profile and compromised antioxidant status when compared with normotensive subjects. Co-relation analysis validated the involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress in impaired endothelial function and vital organ damage. SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY These markers may act as early indicators of hypertension which usually do not show any physical symptoms, thus can be diagnosed and treated at the earliest. The current study suggests that disturbed homeostasis, a consequence of altered interaction between antioxidant system and inflammatory events raises the oxidative stress levels which eventually leads to hypertension and associated complications. These indicators can serve as early indicators of future chronic complications of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhchain Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Rubal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Satveer Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Sushil Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Sunil Mittal
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choudhuri S, Garg NJ. Platelets, Macrophages, and Thromboinflammation in Chagas Disease. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:5689-5706. [PMID: 36217453 PMCID: PMC9547606 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s380896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a major health problem in the Americas and an emerging health problem in Europe and other nonendemic countries. Several studies have documented persistence of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and oxidative and inflammatory stress are major pathogenic factor. Mural and cardiac thrombi, cardiac arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy are major clinical features of CD. During T. cruzi infection, parasite-released factors induce endothelial dysfunction along with platelet (PLT) and immune-cell activation. PLTs have a fundamental role in maintaining hemostasis and preventing bleeding after vascular injury. Excessive activation of PLTs and coagulation cascade can result in thrombosis and thromboembolic events, which are recognized to occur in seropositive individuals in early stages of CD when clinically symptomatic heart disease is not apparent. Several host and parasite factors have been identified to signal hypercoagulability and increase the risk of ischemic stroke in early phases of CD. Further, PLT interaction with immune cells and their role in host defense against pathogens and inflammatory processes have only recently been recognized and evolving. In the context of parasitic diseases, PLTs function in directly responding to T. cruzi infection, and PLT interactions with immune cells in shaping the proinflammatory or immunoregulatory function of monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils remains elusive. How T. cruzi infection alters systemic microenvironment conditions to influence PLT and immune-cell interactions is not understood. In this review, we discuss the current literature, and extrapolate the mechanistic situations to explain how PLT and innate immune cell (especially monocytes and macrophages) interactions might be sustaining hypercoagulability and thromboinflammation in chronic CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Solo P, Arockia doss M, Prasanna D. Designing and docking studies of imidazole-based drugs as potential inhibitors of myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediated inflammation and oxidative stress. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
8
|
Methods to Detect Nitric Oxide and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Biological Sample. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2413:69-76. [PMID: 35044656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1896-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in various human diseases, including cancer, mainly through the generation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as nitric oxide (NO), nitrite, nitroxyl, s-nitrosothiols, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as peroxides, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. NO being the main player among RNS induced altered cellular molecules and metabolisms, thus making it important to understand and detect the generation of NO in biological samples. There are many methods for direct and indirect detection of NO; out of these most commonly used are spectrophotometric-based Griess assay and fluorescence probe-based assays. In this chapter, we summarize these routinely used methods to detect NO and various challenges associated with these methods.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wan X, Garg NJ. Sirtuin Control of Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Chagas Disease Models. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:693051. [PMID: 34178728 PMCID: PMC8221535 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.693051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a digenetic parasite that requires triatomines and mammalian host to complete its life cycle. T. cruzi replication in mammalian host induces immune-mediated cytotoxic proinflammatory reactions and cellular injuries, which are the common source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) during the acute parasitemic phase. Mitochondrial dysfunction of electron transport chain has been proposed as a major source of superoxide release in the chronic phase of infection, which renders myocardium exposed to sustained oxidative stress and contributes to Chagas disease pathology. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase that acts as a sensor of redox changes and shapes the mitochondrial metabolism and inflammatory response in the host. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which SIRT1 can potentially improve mitochondrial function and control oxidative and inflammatory stress in Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiu Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gupta KB, Mantha AK, Dhiman M. Mitigation of Gliadin-Induced Inflammation and Cellular Damage by Curcumin in Human Intestinal Cell Lines. Inflammation 2021; 44:873-889. [PMID: 33394186 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is a major diet from many years; apart from its nutritious value, the wheat protein gliadin is responsible for many inflammatory diseases like celiac disease (CD), and non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). In this study, the gliadin-induced inflammation and associated cellular damage along with the protective role of curcumin was evaluated using human intestinal cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29) as a model. Cells were cultured and exposed to 160 μg/ml of gliadin, 100 μM H2O2, and 10 μM curcumin (3 h pretreatment) followed by the assessment of inflammation. Spectrophotometric methods, real-time-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy techniques were used to assess inflammatory markers such as advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) level, activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), cytokines, and cell damage markers. The results show that gliadin increases the AOPPs level and the activity of MPO and NOX expression. It enhances inflammation by increasing expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered expression of anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines. It exacerbates the cellular damage by increasing MMP-2 and 9 and decreasing integrin α and β expression. Gliadin promotes disease pathogenesis by inducing the inflammation and cellular damage which further alter the cellular homeostasis. The pretreatment of curcumin counteracts the adverse effect of gliadin and protect the cells via diminishing the inflammation and help the cell to regain the cellular morphology suggesting phytochemical-based remedial interventions against wheat allergies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunj Bihari Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duarte-Silva E, Maes M, Macedo D, Savino W, Peixoto CA. Shared neuroimmune and oxidative pathways underpinning Chagas disease and major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:419. [PMID: 33268766 PMCID: PMC7710744 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular basis to understand the relationship between Chagas disease (CD), a infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and depression, a common psychiatric comorbidity in CD patients, is largely unknown. Clinical studies show an association between CD and depression and preclinical evidence suggests that depressive-like behaviors in T. cruzi infected mice are due, at least partially, to immune dysregulation. However, mechanistic studies regarding this issue are still lacking. Herein, we present and discuss the state of art of data on CD and depression, and revise the mechanisms that may explain the development of depression in CD. We also discuss how the knowledge generated by current and future data may contribute to the discovery of new mechanisms underlying depressive symptoms associated with CD and, hence, to the identification of new therapeutic targets, which ultimately may change the way we see and treat CD and its psychiatric comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure. Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil.
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Recife, Brazil.
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure. Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim DG, Kwon YM, Kang IS, Kim C. Taurine chloramine selectively regulates neutrophil degranulation through the inhibition of myeloperoxidase and upregulation of lactoferrin. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1191-1199. [PMID: 32865666 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is a free amino acid rich in neutrophils, and neutrophils play an important role in the forefront defense against infection. Upon neutrophil activation, taurine reacts with hypochlorous acid (HOCl/OCl-) produced by the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system and gets converted to taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl). Neutrophils have three types of granules, of which the primary granule MPO, secondary granule lactoferrin, and tertiary granule matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 are released into the extracellular space by a process called degranulation. MPO produces hypochlorous acid to kill microorganisms, and the released MPO forms neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with released chromatin. Excessive secretion of MPO causes oxidative damage to the surrounding tissues. Lactoferrin exerts antioxidant activity, prevents pro-inflammatory pathway activation, sepsis, and tissue damages, and delays neutrophil apoptosis. Our experimental results show that neutrophils released small amount of granules in an inactive state, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and N-formyl-methionine-leucyl-phenylalanine induced neutrophil degranulation. Tau-Cl inhibited the PMA-induced degranulation of MPO and formation of NETs. While Tau-Cl increased the degranulation of lactoferrin, it had no effect on MMP-9 degranulation. MPO negatively regulated the production of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, which stimulates the degranulation and migration of neutrophils. Tau-Cl abrogated MIP-2 expression, suggestive of its inhibitory effect on MPO release. The increase in the intracellular level of MPO may negatively regulates MIP-2 expression, thereby contributing to the further regulation of neutrophil degranulation and migration. Here, we suggest that Tau-Cl selectively inhibits MPO degranulation and stimulates lactoferrin degranulation from neutrophils, thereby protecting inflamed tissues from oxidative damage induced by excessively released MPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gye Kim
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - In Soon Kang
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Choudhuri S, Garg NJ. PARP1-cGAS-NF-κB pathway of proinflammatory macrophage activation by extracellular vesicles released during Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008474. [PMID: 32315358 PMCID: PMC7173744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the etiological agent of Chagas cardiomyopathy. In the present study, we investigated the role of extracellular vesicles (Ev) in shaping the macrophage (Mφ) response in progressive Chagas disease (CD). We purified T. cruzi Ev (TcEv) from axenic parasite cultures, and T. cruzi-induced Ev (TEv) from the supernatants of infected cells and plasma of acutely and chronically infected wild-type and Parp1-/- mice. Cultured (Raw 264.7) and bone-marrow Mφ responded to TcEV and TEv with a profound increase in the expression and release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β cytokines. TEv produced by both immune (Mφ) and non-immune (muscle) cells were proinflammatory. Chemical inhibition or genetic deletion of PARP1 (a DNA repair enzyme) significantly depressed the TEv-induced transcriptional and translational activation of proinflammatory Mφ response. Oxidized DNA encapsulated by TEv was necessary for PARP1-dependent proinflammatory Mφ response. Inhibition studies suggested that DNA-sensing innate immune receptors (cGAS>>TLR9) synergized with PARP1 in signaling the NFκB activation, and inhibition of PARP1 and cGAS resulted in >80% inhibition of TEv-induced NFκB activity. Histochemical studies showed intense inflammatory infiltrate associated with profound increase in CD11b+CD68+TNF-α+ Mφ in the myocardium of CD wild-type mice. In comparison, chronically infected Parp1-/- mice exhibited low-to-moderate tissue inflammation, >80% decline in myocardial infiltration of TNF-α+ Mφ, and no change in immunoregulatory IL-10+ Mφ. We conclude that oxidized DNA released with TEv signal the PARP1-cGAS-NF-κB pathway of proinflammatory Mφ activation and worsens the chronic inflammatory pathology in CD. Small molecule antagonists of PARP1-cGAS signaling pathway would potentially be useful in reprogramming the Mφ activation and controlling the chronic inflammation in CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity (IHII), UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
State-of-the-art in host-derived biomarkers of Chagas disease prognosis and early evaluation of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi treatment response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165758. [PMID: 32169507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which might lead to a chronic disease state and drive to irreversible damage to the heart and/or digestive tract tissues. Endemic in 21 countries in the Americas, it is the neglected disease with a highest burden in the region. Current estimates point at ~6 million people infected, of which ~30% will progress onto the symptomatic tissue disruptive stage. There is no vaccine but there are two anti-parasitic drugs available: benznidazole and nifurtimox. However, their efficacy is variable at the chronic symptomatic stage and both have frequent adverse effects. Since there are no prognosis markers, drugs should be administered to all T. cruzi-infected individuals in the indeterminate and early symptomatic stages. Nowadays, there are no tests-of-cure either, which greatly undermines patients follow-up and the search of safer and more efficacious drugs. Therefore, the identification and validation of biomarkers of disease progression and/or treatment response on which to develop tests of prognosis and/or cure is a major research priority. Both parasite- and host-derived markers have been investigated. In the present manuscript we present an updated outlook of the latter.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rios L, Campos EE, Menon R, Zago MP, Garg NJ. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of maternal-fetal transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and a case for vaccine development against congenital Chagas disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165591. [PMID: 31678160 PMCID: PMC6954953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trypanos o ma cruzi (T. cruzi or Tc) is the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD). It is common for patients to suffer from non-specific symptoms or be clinically asymptomatic with acute and chronic conditions acquired through various routes of transmission. The expecting women and their fetuses are vulnerable to congenital transmission of Tc. Pregnant women face formidable health challenges because the frontline antiparasitic drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, are contraindicated during pregnancy. However, it is worthwhile to highlight that newborns can be cured if they are diagnosed and given treatment in a timely manner. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of maternal-fetal transmission of Tc and provide a justification for the investment in the development of vaccines against congenital CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizette Rios
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - E Emanuel Campos
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - M Paola Zago
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Salta, Argentina.
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lokugamage N, Choudhuri S, Davies C, Chowdhury IH, Garg NJ. Antigen-Based Nano-Immunotherapy Controls Parasite Persistence, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress, and Cardiac Fibrosis, the Hallmarks of Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy, in A Mouse Model of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010096. [PMID: 32098116 PMCID: PMC7157635 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas cardiomyopathy is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc). We identified two candidate antigens (TcG2 and TcG4) that elicit antibodies and T cell responses in naturally infected diverse hosts. In this study, we cloned TcG2 and TcG4 in a nanovector and evaluated whether nano-immunotherapy (referred as nano2/4) offers resistance to chronic Chagas disease. For this, C57BL/6 mice were infected with Tc and given nano2/4 at 21 and 42 days post-infection (pi). Non-infected, infected, and infected mice treated with pcDNA3.1 expression plasmid encoding TcG2/TcG4 (referred as p2/4) were used as controls. All mice responded to Tc infection with expansion and functional activation of splenic lymphocytes. Flow cytometry showed that frequency of splenic, poly-functional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing interferon-γ, perforin, and granzyme B were increased by immunotherapy (Tc.nano2/4 > Tc.p2/4) and associated with 88%–99.7% decline in cardiac and skeletal (SK) tissue levels of parasite burden (Tc.nano2/4 > Tc.p2/4) in Chagas mice. Subsequently, Tc.nano2/4 mice exhibited a significant decline in peripheral and tissues levels of oxidative stress (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyls) and inflammatory infiltrate that otherwise were pronounced in Chagas mice. Further, nano2/4 therapy was effective in controlling the tissue infiltration of pro-fibrotic macrophages and established a balanced environment controlling the expression of collagens, metalloproteinases, and other markers of cardiomyopathy and improving the expression of Myh7 (encodes β myosin heavy chain) and Gsk3b (encodes glycogen synthase kinase 3) required for maintaining cardiac contractility in Chagas heart. We conclude that nano2/4 enhances the systemic T cell immunity that improves the host’s ability to control chronic parasite persistence and Chagas cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandadeva Lokugamage
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; (N.L.); (S.C.); (I.H.C.)
| | - Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; (N.L.); (S.C.); (I.H.C.)
| | - Carolina Davies
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Salta 4400, Argentina;
| | - Imran Hussain Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; (N.L.); (S.C.); (I.H.C.)
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; (N.L.); (S.C.); (I.H.C.)
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-409-747-6865
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wan X, Chowdhury IH, Jie Z, Choudhuri S, Garg NJ. Origin of Monocytes/Macrophages Contributing to Chronic Inflammation in Chagas Disease: SIRT1 Inhibition of FAK-NFκB-Dependent Proliferation and Proinflammatory Activation of Macrophages. Cells 2019; 9:E80. [PMID: 31905606 PMCID: PMC7017093 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) causes Chagas disease (CD) that is the most frequent cause of heart failure in Latin America. TNF-α+ monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mφ) are associated with inflammatory pathology in chronic CD. In this study, we determined the progenitor lineage of Mo/Mφ contributing to inflammation and examined the regulatory role of SIRT1 in modulating the Mo/Mφ response in Chagas disease. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were infected with Tc, treated with SIRT1 agonist (SRT1720) after control of acute parasitemia, and monitored during chronic phase (150 days post-infection). Flow cytometry studies showed an increase in maturation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-derived Mo of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotype in acutely- and chronically-infected mice; however, these cells were not increased in splenic compartment of infected mice. Instead, yolk-sac-derived CD11b+ F4/80+ Mo/Mφ were increased in sinusoidal compartment of Chagas mice. The splenic CD11b+ F4/80+ Mo/Mφ of Chagas (vs. control) mice exhibited increased mRNA, protein, and surface expression of markers of proinflammatory phenotype (CD80+/CD64+ > CD200+/CD206+) associated with proinflammatory cytokines response (IL-6+TNF-α >> Arg-1+IL-10), and these were also detected in the myocardium of chronically infected mice. Infected mice treated with SRT1720 (vs. infected/untreated) exhibited decreased splenic expansion and myocardial infiltration of proinflammatory Mo/Mφ. SRT1720 did not alter the inherent capability of splenic Mo/Mφ of Chagas mice to respond to pathogen stimulus. Instead, SRT1720 dampened the Tc-induced increase in the expression and/or phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and downstream transcription factors (Pu.1, c-Myb, and Runx1) involved in Mφ proliferation and migration and Notch1 involved in functional activation. Studies in cultured Mφ confirmed the agonistic effects of SIRT1 in controlling the Tc-induced, FAK-dependent increase in the expression of transcription factors and showed that SIRT1 agonist and FAK inhibitor abrogated the NF-κB transcriptional activity and inflammatory cytokine gene expression in Tc-infected Mφ. CONCLUSIONS The proinflammatory Mo/Mφ of yolk sac origin drive the splenic and tissue inflammatory response in chronic CD. SRT1720 reprogrammed the Tc-induced FAK-dependent transcription factors involved in Mφ proliferation and proinflammatory activation in Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiu Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (X.W.); (I.H.C.); (Z.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Imran Hussain Chowdhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (X.W.); (I.H.C.); (Z.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Zuliang Jie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (X.W.); (I.H.C.); (Z.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Subhadip Choudhuri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (X.W.); (I.H.C.); (Z.J.); (S.C.)
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77550, USA; (X.W.); (I.H.C.); (Z.J.); (S.C.)
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rios LE, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Pacheco AO, Zago MP, Garg NJ. Immunity and vaccine development efforts against Trypanosoma cruzi. Acta Trop 2019; 200:105168. [PMID: 31513763 PMCID: PMC7409534 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is the causative agent for Chagas disease (CD). There is a critical lack of methods for prevention of infection or treatment of acute infection and chronic disease. Studies in experimental models have suggested that the protective immunity against T. cruzi infection requires the elicitation of Th1 cytokines, lytic antibodies and the concerted activities of macrophages, T helper cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this review, we summarize the research efforts in vaccine development to date and the challenges faced in achieving an efficient prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine against human CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizette E Rios
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
| | - Antonio Ortega Pacheco
- Departamento de Salud Animal y Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - M Paola Zago
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Salta, Argentina
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1070, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sanmarco LM, Eberhardt N, Bergero G, Quebrada Palacio LP, Adami PM, Visconti LM, Minguez ÁR, Hernández-Vasquez Y, Carrera Silva EA, Morelli L, Postan M, Aoki MP. Monocyte glycolysis determines CD8+ T cell functionality in human Chagas disease. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123490. [PMID: 31479429 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a lifelong pathology resulting from Trypanosoma cruzi infection. It represents one of the most frequent causes of heart failure and sudden death in Latin America. Herein, we provide evidence that aerobic glycolytic pathway activation in monocytes drives nitric oxide (NO) production, triggering tyrosine nitration (TN) on CD8+ T cells and dysfunction in patients with chronic Chagas disease. Monocytes from patients exhibited a higher frequency of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and increased expression of its target genes/proteins. Nonclassical monocytes are expanded in patients' peripheral blood and represent an important source of NO. Monocytes entail CD8+ T cell surface nitration because both the frequency of nonclassical monocytes and that of NO-producing monocytes positively correlated with the percentage of TN+ lymphocytes. Inhibition of glycolysis in in vitro-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells decreased the inflammatory properties of monocytes/macrophages, diminishing the frequency of IL-1β- and NO-producing cells. In agreement, glycolysis inhibition reduced the percentage of TN+CD8+ T cells, improving their functionality. Altogether, these results clearly show that glycolysis governs oxidative stress on monocytes and modulates monocyte-T cell interplay in human chronic Chagas disease. Understanding the pathological immune mechanisms that sustain an inflammatory environment in human pathology is key to designing improved therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana María Sanmarco
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia Eberhardt
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gastón Bergero
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Pamela Martino Adami
- Laboratorio de Amiloidosis y Neurodegeneración, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Marina Visconti
- Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Misericordia, Córdoba, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, II Cátedra de Infectología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | | | - Eugenio Antonio Carrera Silva
- Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Academia Nacional de Medicina, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Morelli
- Laboratorio de Amiloidosis y Neurodegeneración, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Postan
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología "Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén," Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Aoki
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gaafar MR. Efficacy of Allium sativum (garlic) against experimental cryptosporidiosis. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Reda Gaafar
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria University , Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Arnal A, Waleckx E, Rico-Chávez O, Herrera C, Dumonteil E. Estimating the current burden of Chagas disease in Mexico: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological surveys from 2006 to 2017. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006859. [PMID: 30964871 PMCID: PMC6474657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Mexico, estimates of Chagas disease prevalence and burden vary widely. Updating surveillance data is therefore an important priority to ensure that Chagas disease does not remain a barrier to the development of Mexico's most vulnerable populations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the literature on epidemiological surveys to estimate Chagas disease prevalence and burden in Mexico, during the period 2006 to 2017. A total of 2,764 articles were screened and 36 were retained for the final analysis. Epidemiological surveys have been performed in most of Mexico, but with variable study scale and geographic coverage. Based on studies reporting confirmed cases (i.e. using at least 2 serological tests), and taking into account the differences in sample sizes, the national estimated seroprevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection was 3.38% [95%CI 2.59-4.16], suggesting that there are 4.06 million cases in Mexico. Studies focused on pregnant women, which may transmit the parasite to their newborn during pregnancy, reported an estimated seroprevalence of 2.21% [95%CI 1.46-2.96], suggesting that there are 50,675 births from T. cruzi infected pregnant women per year, and 3,193 cases of congenitally infected newborns per year. Children under 18 years had an estimated seropositivity rate of 1.51% [95%CI 0.77-2.25], which indicate ongoing transmission. Cases of T. cruzi infection in blood donors have also been reported in most states, with a national estimated seroprevalence of 0.55% [95%CI 0.43-0.66]. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our analysis suggests a disease burden for T. cruzi infection higher than previously recognized, highlighting the urgency of establishing Chagas disease surveillance and control as a key national public health priority in Mexico, to ensure that it does not remain a major barrier to the economic and social development of the country's most vulnerable populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Arnal
- Departamento de Ecología de la Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, calle 96 s/n x av. Jacinto Canek y calle 47, Col. Paseo de las Fuentes, CP 97225, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Etienne Waleckx
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, calle 96 s/n x av. Jacinto Canek y calle 47, Col. Paseo de las Fuentes, CP 97225, Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UMR INTERTRYP IRD, CIRAD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Oscar Rico-Chávez
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Herrera
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector-Borne and Infectious Disease Research Center, Tulane University, 1440 Canal St., New Orleans, LA 70112, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
PARP1 depletion improves mitochondrial and heart function in Chagas disease: Effects on POLG dependent mtDNA maintenance. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007065. [PMID: 29851986 PMCID: PMC5979003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagasic cardiomyopathy is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is known for its function in nuclear DNA repair. In this study, we have employed genetic deletion and chemical inhibition approaches to determine the role of PARP1 in maintaining mtDNA dependent mitochondrial function in Chagas disease. Our data show that expression of PARP1 and protein PARylation were increased by >2-fold and >16-fold, respectively, in the cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial fractions of the human cardiac myocytes and the myocardium of wildtype (WT) mice chronically infected with T. cruzi. The nuclear and cytosolic PARP1/PAR did not interfere with the transcription and translation of the components of the mtDNA replisome machinery in infected cardiomyocytes and chagasic murine myocardium. However, PARP1 binding to Polymerase γ and mtDNA in mitochondria were increased, and associated with a loss in mtDNA content, mtDNA-encoded gene expression, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity, and an increase in mitochondrial ROS production in cells and heart of WT mice infected with T. cruzi. Subsequently, an increase in oxidative stress, and cardiac collagen deposition, and a decline in LV function was noted in chagasic mice. Genetic deletion of PARP1 or treatment with selective inhibitor of PARP1 (PJ34) improved the mtDNA content, mitochondrial function, and oxidant/antioxidant balance in human cardiomyocytes and chronically infected mice. Further, PARP1 inhibition was beneficial in preserving the cardiac structure and left ventricular function in chagasic mice. We conclude that PARP1 overexpression is associated with a decline in Pol γ-dependent maintenance of mtDNA content, mtDNA-encoded gene expression, and mitochondrial respiratory function, and subsequently contributes to an increase in mtROS and oxidative stress in chagasic myocardium. Inhibition of mitochondrial PARP1/PAR offers a novel therapy in preserving the mitochondrial and LV function in chronic Chagas disease.
Collapse
|
23
|
Inflammatory response of gliadin protein isolated from various wheat varieties on human intestinal cell line. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
24
|
Khan AA, Alsahli MA, Rahmani AH. Myeloperoxidase as an Active Disease Biomarker: Recent Biochemical and Pathological Perspectives. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6020033. [PMID: 29669993 PMCID: PMC6024665 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) belongs to the family of heme-containing peroxidases, produced mostly from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The active enzyme (150 kDa) is the product of the MPO gene located on long arm of chromosome 17. The primary gene product undergoes several modifications, such as the removal of introns and signal peptides, and leads to the formation of enzymatically inactive glycosylated apoproMPO which complexes with chaperons, producing inactive proMPO by the insertion of a heme moiety. The active enzyme is a homodimer of heavy and light chain protomers. This enzyme is released into the extracellular fluid after oxidative stress and different inflammatory responses. Myeloperoxidase is the only type of peroxidase that uses H₂O₂ to oxidize several halides and pseudohalides to form different hypohalous acids. So, the antibacterial activities of MPO involve the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Controlled MPO release at the site of infection is of prime importance for its efficient activities. Any uncontrolled degranulation exaggerates the inflammation and can also lead to tissue damage even in absence of inflammation. Several types of tissue injuries and the pathogenesis of several other major chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and cancer have been reported to be linked with MPO-derived oxidants. Thus, the enhanced level of MPO activity is one of the best diagnostic tools of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers among these commonly-occurring diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad A Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, AlQassim, P.O. Box 6699, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jarikre TA, Ohore GO, Oyagbemi AA, Emikpe BO. Evaluation of oxidative stress in caprine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of pneumonic and normal lungs. Int J Vet Sci Med 2017; 5:143-147. [PMID: 30255063 PMCID: PMC6137846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in the area of oxidative stress in pneumonic pathology still requires attention in small ruminants especially with the use of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) which may be a more sensitive indicator of respiratory diseases than blood. This investigation evaluates the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of caprine pneumonia using BAL fluid (BALf) from healthy and pneumonic goats. A BALf from 192 goats (whose pneumonic histopathology had been characterized using standard techniques) was biochemically assayed for anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants. Malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide generation (H2O2), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents were measured to assess free radical activity in the BALf. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione transferase (GST) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were also determined colourimetrically. There were significant increases in the BALf supernatant of MDA, H2O2 and MPO with decreases in GSH level and SOD activity in the pneumonic goats (P < 0.05). There was also significant correlation of BALf oxidative assay to the type and severity of pneumonia. The levels of MDA, H2O2, and MPO increased significantly (P < 0.05) in bronchopneumonia and bronchointerstitial pneumonia than other pneumonic conditions and normal lungs. The management of caprine pneumonia should often incorporate antioxidant supplementation to correct the imbalance in pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Jarikre
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - G O Ohore
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - A A Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - B O Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cholia RP, Kumari S, Kumar S, Kaur M, Kaur M, Kumar R, Dhiman M, Mantha AK. An in vitro study ascertaining the role of H 2O 2 and glucose oxidase in modulation of antioxidant potential and cancer cell survival mechanisms in glioblastoma U-87 MG cells. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1705-1716. [PMID: 28676971 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0057-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells protect themselves from the elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) via developing unusual mechanisms to maintain the genomic stability, and reprogramming of the cellular antioxidant system to cope with the adverse effects. In the present study non-cytotoxic dose of oxidants, H2O2 (100 μM) and GO (10 μU/ml) was used to induce moderate oxidative stress via generating ROS in human glioblastoma cell line U-87 MG cells, which showed a marked increase in the antioxidant capacity as studied by measuring the modulation in expression levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, and the GSH content. However, pretreatment (3 h) of Curcumin and Quercetin (10 μM) followed by the treatment of oxidants enhanced the cell survival, and the levels/activities of the antioxidants studied. Oxidative stress also resulted in an increase in the nitrite levels in the culture supernatants, and further analysis by immunocytochemistry showed an increase in iNOS expression. In addition, phytochemical pretreatment decreased the nitrite level in the culture supernatants of oxidatively stressed U-87 MG cells. Elevated ROS also increased the expression of COX-2 and APE1 enzymes and pretreatment of Curcumin and Quercetin decreased COX-2 expression and increased APE1 expression in the oxidatively stressed U-87 MG cells. The immunocytochemistry also indicates for APE1 enhanced stress-dependent subcellular localization to the nuclear compartment, which advocates for enhanced DNA repair and redox functions of APE1 towards survival of U-87 MG cells. It can be concluded that intracellular oxidants activate the key enzymes involved in antioxidant mechanisms, NO-dependent survival mechanisms, and also in the DNA repair pathways for glial cell survival in oxidative-stress micro-environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi P Cholia
- Center for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India
| | - Sanju Kumari
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manbir Kaur
- Center for Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Monisha Dhiman
- Center for Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anil K Mantha
- Center for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151 001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Almeida Junior LD, Quaglio AEV, de Almeida Costa CAR, Di Stasi LC. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of Ground Cherry ( Physalis angulata L.) standardized CO 2 phytopharmaceutical preparation. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4369-4380. [PMID: 28706419 PMCID: PMC5487500 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i24.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of Ground Cherry (Physalis angulata L.) standardized supercritical CO2 extract in trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) model of rat intestinal inflammation.
METHODS The animals were divided into groups that received vehicle or P. angulata extract (PACO2) orally at the doses 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg daily by 5 d before TNBS damage. Protective effects of PACO2 were assessed by macroscopic analysis, biochemical determinations of the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutathione and cytokines (such as INF-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α), gene expression evaluation (including Hsp70, heparanase, NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (Mapk) 1, 3, 6 and 9, and the mucins genes Muc 1, 2, 3 and 4) and histopathological studies using optical, and electronic (transmission and scanning) microscopy.
RESULTS PACO2 extract promoted a significant reduction in MPO and ALP activities, reducing oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration. These effects were accompanied by significant reduction of colonic levels of IFN-γ and IL-6 and down-regulation of heparanase, Hsp70, Mapk3, Mapk9, Muc1 and Muc2 genes expression when compared with TNBS-control animals. In addition, protective effects were also evidenced by reduced neutrophil infiltration, recovery of cell architecture and replacement of mucin by histopathological and ultrastructural analysis.
CONCLUSION Physalis angulata supercritical CO2 extract is an intestinal anti-inflammatory product that modulates oxidative stress, immune response and expression of inflammatory mediators, with potentially utility for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ayyappan JP, Nagajyothi JF. Diet Modulates Adipose Tissue Oxidative Stress in a Murine Acute Chagas Model. JSM ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2017; 2:1030. [PMID: 30221258 PMCID: PMC6135525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. T. cruzi targets adipose tissue, which serves as a reservoir of this parasite. T. cruzi infection of adipose tissue is characterized by increased lipolysis, oxidative stress, and parasitemia. High fat diet (HFD) decreases lipolysis and increases the survival rate in the mice infected with T. cruzi during acute infection. However, the effect of HFD on oxidative stress in adipose tissue has not been examined in detail. In the present study we evaluated the effect of HFD on oxidative stress markers in both white and brown adipose tissues (WAT and BAT) during acute infection. We used qPCR to examine the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in several antioxidant defence systems, such as those acting in ROS metabolism, peroxidases, and relevant oxygen transporter genes. The result of our study showed that HFD regulates the expression levels of oxidative stress genes in adipose tissues and that these effects are often different in WAT and BAT. For instance, while HFD down-regulated the levels of most antioxidant genes in both WAT and BAT, it differentially affected the expression pattern of genes involved in ROS metabolism (e.g. peroxidases) in WAT and BAT tissues of infected mice. Together with our previous studies, these findings show that infection and diet both regulate antioxidant enzymes and other oxidative stress defenses in mouse adipose tissues during acute T. cruzi infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyothi F Nagajyothi
- Corresponding author: Jyothi F Nagajyothi, Department of Microbiology, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, 225, Warren Street, Newark, NJ- 07103, USA, Tel: 973-854-3450; Fax: 973-854-3101;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sanmarco LM, Visconti LM, Eberhardt N, Ramello MC, Ponce NE, Spitale NB, Vozza ML, Bernardi GA, Gea S, Minguez AR, Aoki MP. IL-6 Improves the Nitric Oxide-Induced Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell Dysfunction in Human Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2016; 7:626. [PMID: 28066435 PMCID: PMC5179535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are important microbicidal agents and are also involved in lymphocyte unresponsiveness during experimental infections. Many of the biological effects attributed to nitric oxide are mediated by peroxynitrites, which induce the nitration of immune cells, among others. Our group has demonstrated that nitric oxide is involved in the suppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice, with a higher number of CD8+ T cells suffering surface-nitration compared to uninfected controls. Studying the functional and phenotypic features of peripheral CD8+ T cells from chagasic patients and human cells experimentally infected with T. cruzi, we found that different regulatory mechanisms impaired the effector functions of T cytotoxic population from seropositive patients. Peripheral leukocytes from chagasic patients showed increased nitric oxide production concomitant with increased tyrosine nitration of CD8+ T cells. Additionally, this cytotoxic population exhibited increased apoptotic rate, loss of the TCRζ-chain, and lower levels of CD107a, a marker of degranulation. Strikingly, IL-6 stimulation of in vitro-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy donors, blunted T. cruzi-induced nitration of CD3+CD8+ cells, and increased their survival. Furthermore, the treatment of these cultures with an IL-6 neutralizing antibody increased the percentage of T. cruzi-induced CD8+ T cell nitration and raised the release of nitric oxide. The results suggest that the under-responsiveness of cytotoxic T cell population observed in the setting of long-term constant activation of the immune system could be reverted by the pleiotropic actions of IL-6, since this cytokine improves its survival and effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Maria Sanmarco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | | | - Natalia Eberhardt
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Maria Cecilia Ramello
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Nicolás Eric Ponce
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | | | - Maria Lola Vozza
- Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Misericordia del Nuevo Siglo , Córdoba , Argentina
| | | | - Susana Gea
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Angel Ramón Minguez
- Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Misericordia del Nuevo Siglo , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Aoki
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología CIBICI-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Antagonistic effect of atorvastatin on high fat diet induced survival during acute Chagas disease. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:675-686. [PMID: 27416748 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chagasic cardiomyopathy, which is seen in Chagas disease, is the most severe and life-threatening manifestation of infection by the kinetoplastid Trypanosoma cruzi. Adipose tissue and diet play a major role in maintaining lipid homeostasis and regulating cardiac pathogenesis during the development of Chagas cardiomyopathy. We have previously reported that T. cruzi has a high affinity for lipoproteins and that the invasion rate of this parasite increases in the presence of cholesterol, suggesting that drugs that inhibit cholesterol synthesis, such as statins, could affect infection and the development of Chagasic cardiomyopathy. The dual epidemic of diabetes and obesity in Latin America, the endemic regions for Chagas disease, has led to many patients in the endemic region of infection having hyperlipidemia that is being treated with statins such as atorvastatin. The current study was performed to examine mice fed on either regular or high fat diet for effects of atorvastatin on T. cruzi infection-induced myocarditis and to evaluate the effect of this treatment during infection on adipose tissue physiology and cardiac pathology. Atorvastatin was found to regulate lipolysis and cardiac lipidopathy during acute T. cruzi infection in mice and to enhance tissue parasite load, cardiac LDL levels, inflammation, and mortality in during acute infection. Overall, these data suggest that statins, such as atorvastatin, have deleterious effects during acute Chagas disease.
Collapse
|
31
|
Koo SJ, Spratt HM, Soman KV, Stafford S, Gupta S, Petersen JR, Zago MP, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN, Brasier AR, Wiktorowicz JE, Garg NJ. S-Nitrosylation Proteome Profile of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Human Heart Failure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2016; 2016:1384523. [PMID: 27635260 PMCID: PMC5007369 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1384523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) protects the heart against ischemic injury; however, NO- and superoxide-dependent S-nitrosylation (S-NO) of cysteines can affect function of target proteins and play a role in disease outcome. We employed 2D-GE with thiol-labeling FL-maleimide dye and MALDI-TOF MS/MS to capture the quantitative changes in abundance and S-NO proteome of HF patients (versus healthy controls, n = 30/group). We identified 93 differentially abundant (59-increased/34-decreased) and 111 S-NO-modified (63-increased/48-decreased) protein spots, respectively, in HF subjects (versus controls, fold-change | ≥1.5|, p ≤ 0.05). Ingenuity pathway analysis of proteome datasets suggested that the pathways involved in phagocytes' migration, free radical production, and cell death were activated and fatty acid metabolism was decreased in HF subjects. Multivariate adaptive regression splines modeling of datasets identified a panel of proteins that will provide >90% prediction success in classifying HF subjects. Proteomic profiling identified ATP-synthase, thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), and vinculin (VCL) as top differentially abundant and S-NO-modified proteins, and these proteins were verified by Western blotting and ELISA in different set of HF subjects. We conclude that differential abundance and S-NO modification of proteins serve as a mechanism in regulating cell viability and free radical production, and THBS1 and VCL evaluation will potentially be useful in the prediction of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sue-jie Koo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Heidi M. Spratt
- Department Preventive Medicine and Community Health, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Kizhake V. Soman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center of Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston TX 77555, USA
| | - Susan Stafford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center of Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston TX 77555, USA
| | - Shivali Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - John R. Petersen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Maria P. Zago
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET-UNSa, 4400 Salta, Argentina
| | - Muge N. Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center of Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston TX 77555, USA
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - John E. Wiktorowicz
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sealy Center of Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Garg NJ, Soman KV, Zago MP, Koo SJ, Spratt H, Stafford S, Blell ZN, Gupta S, Nuñez Burgos J, Barrientos N, Brasier AR, Wiktorowicz JE. Changes in Proteome Profile of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Chronic Chagas Disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004490. [PMID: 26919708 PMCID: PMC4769231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infection causes chagasic cardiomyopathy; however, why 30-40% of the patients develop clinical disease is not known. To discover the pathomechanisms in disease progression, we obtained the proteome signature of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of normal healthy controls (N/H, n = 30) and subjects that were seropositive for Tc-specific antibodies, but were clinically asymptomatic (C/A, n = 25) or clinically symptomatic (C/S, n = 28) with cardiac involvement and left ventricular dysfunction. Protein samples were labeled with BODIPY FL-maleimide (dynamic range: > 4 orders of magnitude, detection limit: 5 f-mol) and resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE). After normalizing the gel images, protein spots that exhibited differential abundance in any of the two groups were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and searched against UniProt human database for protein identification. We found 213 and 199 protein spots (fold change: |≥ 1.5|, p< 0.05) were differentially abundant in C/A and C/S individuals, respectively, with respect to N/H controls. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of PBMCs proteome dataset identified an increase in disorganization of cytoskeletal assembly and recruitment/activation and migration of immune cells in all chagasic subjects, though the invasion capacity of cells was decreased in C/S individuals. IPA predicted with high probability a decline in cell survival and free radical scavenging capacity in C/S (but not C/A) subjects. The MYC/SP1 transcription factors that regulate hypoxia and oxidative/inflammatory stress were predicted to be key targets in the context of control of Chagas disease severity. Further, MARS-modeling identified a panel of proteins that had >93% prediction success in classifying infected individuals with no disease and those with cardiac involvement and LV dysfunction. In conclusion, we have identified molecular pathways and a panel of proteins that could aid in detecting seropositive individuals at risk of developing cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Faculty of the Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kizhake V. Soman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria P. Zago
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, CONICET-UNSa, Salta, Argentina
| | - Sue-Jie Koo
- Department of Pathology, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Heidi Spratt
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Susan Stafford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zinzi N. Blell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shivali Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | - Allan R. Brasier
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John E. Wiktorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Translational Sciences, UTMB, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tanowitz HB, Machado FS, Spray DC, Friedman JM, Weiss OS, Lora JN, Nagajyothi J, Moraes DN, Garg NJ, Nunes MCP, Ribeiro ALP. Developments in the management of Chagas cardiomyopathy. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:1393-409. [PMID: 26496376 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over 100 years have elapsed since the discovery of Chagas disease and there is still much to learn regarding pathogenesis and treatment. Although there are antiparasitic drugs available, such as benznidazole and nifurtimox, they are not totally reliable and often toxic. A recently released negative clinical trial with benznidazole in patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy further reinforces the concerns regarding its effectiveness. New drugs and new delivery systems, including those based on nanotechnology, are being sought. Although vaccine development is still in its infancy, the reality of a therapeutic vaccine remains a challenge. New ECG methods may help to recognize patients prone to developing malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The management of heart failure, stroke and arrhythmias also remains a challenge. Although animal experiments have suggested that stem cell based therapy may be therapeutic in the management of heart failure in Chagas cardiomyopathy, clinical trials have not been promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert B Tanowitz
- a Department of Pathology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Fabiana S Machado
- c Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - David C Spray
- b Department of Medicine , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA.,e Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Joel M Friedman
- f Department of Physiology & Biophysics , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Oren S Weiss
- a Department of Pathology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jose N Lora
- a Department of Pathology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jyothi Nagajyothi
- g Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Diego N Moraes
- d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,h Department of Internal Medicine and University Hospital , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- i Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity , University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , TX , USA
| | - Maria Carmo P Nunes
- d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,h Department of Internal Medicine and University Hospital , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro
- d Program in Health Sciences: Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical School , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil.,h Department of Internal Medicine and University Hospital , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Inflammatory and cardiac biomarkers are differentially expressed in clinical stages of Chagas disease. Int J Cardiol 2015; 199:451-9. [PMID: 26277551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease has a long clinically silent period following Trypanosoma cruzi infection and before development of overt clinical pathology; detectable biomarkers of infection and pathogenesis are urgently needed. We tested 22 biomarkers known to be associated with cardiomyopathy to evaluate if a biomarker signature could successfully classify T. cruzi seropositive subjects into clinical Chagas disease stage groups. METHODS This cross-sectional retrospective case-control study enrolled T. cruzi seropositive blood donors (BD) who were further characterized as having chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CC-BD) or not (nonCC-BD) and seronegative (SN) control donors; we also included clinically diagnosed Chagas cardiomyopathy patients (CC-P). All subjects underwent a health history questionnaire, medical examination, electro- and echocardiograms (ECG and Echo) and phlebotomy. Biomarkers were measured on blinded samples by luminex bead array and Ortho VITROS. RESULTS A clear biomarker pattern was observed only in more severe cardiac disease; this pattern included significantly elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α and soluble cardiovascular disease biomarkers CK-MB, troponin, myoglobin, VCAM and NTproBNP while there were lower levels of MPO, PAI-1, and MCP-1. The markers determined to be the most predictive of disease by ROC curve analysis were NTproBNP and T. cruzi PCR status. CONCLUSIONS Although many biomarkers demonstrated increased or decreased concentrations among the clinical forms of Chagas disease, NTproBNP and T. cruzi PCR were the only tests that would independently be of clinical value for disease staging, in concert with ECG, Echo and clinical assessments.
Collapse
|
35
|
Omobowale TO, Oyagbemi AA, Oyewunmi OA, Adejumobi OA. Chemopreventive effect of methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica on experimental Trypanosoma brucei induced oxidative stress in dogs. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:249-58. [PMID: 26130936 PMCID: PMC4471651 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.157972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The medicinal properties of Azadirachta indica have been harnessed for many years in the treatment of many diseases in both humans and animals. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five apparently healthy dogs weighing between 3 and 8 kg were randomly divided into five groups with five dogs in each group. Ameliorative effect of A. indica on erythrocyte antioxidant status and markers of oxidative stress were assessed. Liver and kidney function tests were also performed. Results: Pre-treatment with methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (MEAI) at different doses did not significantly alter the values of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity in Trypanosoma brucei infection. Although, serum creatinine significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with pre-treatment with 50 mg/kg A. indica, after 2 weeks of T. brucei infection. However, the reduced glutathione (GSH) content of the erythrocyte increased significantly in animals pre-treated with 50 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of A. indica respectively. Markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide generated were higher in animals infected with T. brucei with no significant (P >0.05) difference compared to the values obtained in pre-treated animals. Pre-treatment with 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of A. indica significantly (P < 0.05) decreased serum myeloperoxidase activity at 2 weeks post-infection with T. brucei. Conclusion: From this study, MEAI showed significant ability to attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation during experimental T. brucei infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo O Omobowale
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ademola A Oyagbemi
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oyefunbi A Oyewunmi
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olumuyiwa A Adejumobi
- Departments of Veterinary Medicine and Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Optimisation of an Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Assay: Its Application to Studies of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:496271. [PMID: 26113954 PMCID: PMC4465816 DOI: 10.1155/2015/496271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) are reportedly elevated in the plasma of patients with a number of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, that involve oxidative stress. However, the accurate measurement of AOPP in human plasma is hampered by the formation of a precipitate following the addition of potassium iodide and glacial acetic acid according to the published assay procedure. Here we describe a modification of the AOPP assay which eliminates interference by precipitation and provides a robust, reliable, and reproducible protocol for the measurement of iodide oxidising capacity in plasma samples (intra-assay CV 1.7–5.3%, interassay CV 5.3–10.5%). The improved method revealed a significant association of AOPP levels with age (p < 0.05) and hypertension (p = 0.01) in EDTA-anticoagulated plasma samples from 52 patients with diabetes and 38 nondiabetic control subjects, suggesting a possible link between plasma oxidising capacity and endothelial and/or vascular dysfunction. There was no significant difference between AOPP concentrations in diabetic (74.8 ± 7.2 μM chloramine T equivalents) and nondiabetic (75.5 ± 7.0 μM chloramine T equivalents) individuals.
Collapse
|
37
|
Davies C, Dey N, Negrette OS, Parada LA, Basombrio MA, Garg NJ. Hepatotoxicity in mice of a novel anti-parasite drug candidate hydroxymethylnitrofurazone: a comparison with Benznidazole. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3231. [PMID: 25329323 PMCID: PMC4199569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, relies on nifurtimox and benznidazole (BZL), which present side effects in adult patients, and natural resistance in some parasite strains. Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) is a new drug candidate with demonstrated trypanocidal activity; however, its safety is not known. METHODS HepG2 cells dose response to NFOH and BZL (5-100 µM) was assessed by measurement of ROS, DNA damage and survival. Swiss mice were treated with NFOH or BZL for short-term (ST, 21 d) or long-term (LT, 60 d) periods. Sera levels of cellular injury markers, liver inflammatory and oxidative stress, and fibrotic remodeling were monitored. RESULTS HepG2 cells exhibited mild stress, evidenced by increased ROS and DNA damage, in response to NFOH, while BZL at 100 µM concentration induced >33% cell death in 24 h. In mice, NFOH ST treatment resulted in mild-to-no increase in the liver injury biomarkers (GOT, GPT), and liver levels of inflammatory (myeloperoxidase, TNF-α), oxidative (lipid peroxides) and nitrosative (3-nitrotyrosine) stress. These stress responses in NFOH LT treated mice were normalized to control levels. BZL-treated mice exhibited a >5-fold increase in GOT, GPT and TNF-α (LT) and a 20-40% increase in liver levels of MPO activity (ST and LT) in comparison with NFOH-treated mice. The liver inflammatory infiltrate was noted in the order of BZL>vehicle≥NFOH and BZL>NFOH≥vehicle, respectively, after ST and LT treatments. Liver fibrotic remodeling, identified after ST treatment, was in the order of BZL>vehicle>NFOH; lipid deposits, indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction and in the order of NFOH>vehicle>BZL were evidenced after LT treatment. CONCLUSIONS NFOH induces mild ST hepatotoxicity that is normalized during LT treatment in mice. Our results suggest that additional studies to determine the efficacy and toxicity of NFOH are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Davies
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Salta, Argentina
| | - Nilay Dey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Olga Sanchez Negrette
- Cátedra de Quimica Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina
| | - Luis Antonio Parada
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Salta, Argentina
| | - Miguel A. Basombrio
- Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CONICET, Salta, Argentina
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lei Y, Wang K, Deng L, Chen Y, Nice EC, Huang C. Redox Regulation of Inflammation: Old Elements, a New Story. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:306-40. [PMID: 25171147 DOI: 10.1002/med.21330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center; Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing 400016 P.R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Longfei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Requena-Méndez A, López MC, Angheben A, Izquierdo L, Ribeiro I, Pinazo MJ, Gascon J, Muñoz J. Evaluating Chagas disease progression and cure through blood-derived biomarkers: a systematic review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:957-76. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.824718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
40
|
Sepúlveda S, Valenzuela L, Ponce I, Sierra S, Bahamondes P, Ramirez S, Rojas V, Kemmerling U, Galanti N, Cabrera G. Expression, Functionality, and Localization of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonucleases in Replicative and Non-Replicative Forms ofTrypanosoma cruzi. J Cell Biochem 2013; 115:397-409. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Sepúlveda
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - L. Valenzuela
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - I. Ponce
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - S. Sierra
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - P. Bahamondes
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - S. Ramirez
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - V. Rojas
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular; Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Chile
| | - U. Kemmerling
- Programa de Anatomía y Biología del Desarrollo; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - N. Galanti
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - G. Cabrera
- Programa de Biología Celular y Molecular; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Piacenza L, Peluffo G, Alvarez MN, Martínez A, Radi R. Trypanosoma cruzi antioxidant enzymes as virulence factors in Chagas disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:723-34. [PMID: 22458250 PMCID: PMC3739954 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Chagas disease (CD) affects several million people in Latin America and is spreading beyond its classical boundaries due to the migration of infected host and insect vectors, HIV co-infection, and blood transfusion. The current therapy is not adequate for treatment of the chronic phase of CD, and new drugs are warranted. RECENT ADVANCES Trypanosoma cruzi is equipped with a specialized and complex network of antioxidant enzymes that are located at different subcellular compartments which defend the parasite against host oxidative assaults. Recently, strong evidence has emerged which indicates that enzyme components of the T. cruzi antioxidant network (cytosolic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins and trypanothione synthetase) in naturally occurring strains act as a virulence factor for CD. This precept is recapitulated with the observed increased resistance of T. cruzi peroxirredoxins overexpressers to in vivo or in vitro nitroxidative stress conditions. In addition, the modulation of mitochondrial superoxide radical levels by iron superoxide dismutase (FeSODA) influences parasite programmed cell death, underscoring the role of this enzyme in parasite survival. CRITICAL ISSUES The unraveling of the biological significance of FeSODs in T. cruzi programmed cell death in the context of chronic infection in CD is still under examination. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The role of the antioxidant enzymes in the pathogenesis of CD, including parasite virulence and persistence, and their feasibility as pharmacological targets justifies further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gupta S, Wan X, Zago MP, Sellers VCM, Silva TS, Assiah D, Dhiman M, Nuñez S, Petersen JR, Vázquez-Chagoyán JC, Estrada-Franco JG, Garg NJ. Antigenicity and diagnostic potential of vaccine candidates in human Chagas disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2018. [PMID: 23350012 PMCID: PMC3547861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America and an emerging infectious disease in the US and Europe. We have shown TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 antigens elicit protective immunity to T. cruzi in mice and dogs. Herein, we investigated antigenicity of the recombinant proteins in humans to determine their potential utility for the development of next generation diagnostics for screening of T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease. Methods and Results Sera samples from inhabitants of the endemic areas of Argentina-Bolivia and Mexico-Guatemala were analyzed in 1st-phase for anti-T. cruzi antibody response by traditional serology tests; and in 2nd-phase for antibody response to the recombinant antigens (individually or mixed) by an ELISA. We noted similar antibody response to candidate antigens in sera samples from inhabitants of Argentina and Mexico (n = 175). The IgG antibodies to TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 (individually) and TcGmix were present in 62–71%, 65–78% and 72–82%, and 89–93% of the subjects, respectively, identified to be seropositive by traditional serology. Recombinant TcG1- (93.6%), TcG2- (96%), TcG4- (94.6%) and TcGmix- (98%) based ELISA exhibited significantly higher specificity compared to that noted for T. cruzi trypomastigote-based ELISA (77.8%) in diagnosing T. cruzi-infection and avoiding cross-reactivity to Leishmania spp. No significant correlation was noted in the sera levels of antibody response and clinical severity of Chagas disease in seropositive subjects. Conclusions Three candidate antigens were recognized by antibody response in chagasic patients from two distinct study sites and expressed in diverse strains of the circulating parasites. A multiplex ELISA detecting antibody response to three antigens was highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing T. cruzi infection in humans, suggesting that a diagnostic kit based on TcG1, TcG2 and TcG4 recombinant proteins will be useful in diverse situations. Chagas disease is the most common cause of congestive heart failure related deaths among young adults in the endemic areas of South and Central America and Mexico. Diagnosis and treatment of T. cruzi infection has remained difficult and challenging after 100 years of its identification. In >95% of human cases, T. cruzi infection remains undiagnosed until several years later when chronic evolution of progressive disease results in clinical symptoms associated with cardiac damage. Diagnosis generally depends on the measurement of T. cruzi–specific antibodies that can result in false positives. A conclusive diagnosis of T. cruzi infection thus often requires multiple serological tests, in combination with epidemiological data and clinical symptoms. In this study, we investigated the antibody response to TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 in clinically characterized chagasic patients. These antigens were identified as vaccine candidates and shown to elicit protective immunity to T. cruzi and Chagas disease in experimental animals. Our data show the serology test developed using the TcGmix (multiplex ELISA) is a significantly better alternative to epimastigote extracts currently used in T. cruzi serodiagnosis or the trypomastigote lysate used in this study for comparison purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Haberland A, Munoz Saravia SG, Wallukat G, Ziebig R, Schimke I. Chronic Chagas disease: from basics to laboratory medicine. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:271-94. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
44
|
Rational design of membrane proximal external region lipopeptides containing chemical modifications for HIV-1 vaccination. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 20:39-45. [PMID: 23114698 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00615-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The inability to generate broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) responses to the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of HIV-1 gp41 using current vaccine strategies has hampered efforts to prevent the spread of HIV. To address this challenge, we investigated a novel hypothesis to help improve the anti-MPER antibody response. Guided by structural insights and the unique lipid reactivity of anti-MPER bnAbs, we considered whether amino acid side chain modifications that emulate hydrophilic phospholipid head groups could contribute to the generation of 2F5-like or 4E10-like neutralizing anti-MPER antibodies. To test this hypothesis, we generated a series of chemically modified MPER immunogens through derivatization of amino acid side chains with phosphate or nitrate groups. We evaluated the binding affinity of the chemically modified peptides to their cognate monoclonal antibodies, 2F5 and 4E10, using surface plasmon resonance. The modifications had little effect on binding to the antibodies and did not influence epitope secondary structure when presented in liposomes. We selected five of the chemically modified sequences to immunize rabbits and found that an immunogen containing both the 2F5 and 4E10 epitopes and a phosphorylated threonine at T676 elicited the highest anti-peptide IgG titers, although the high antipeptide titers did not confer higher neutralizing activity. These data indicate that side chain modifications adjacent to known neutralizing antibody epitopes are capable of eliciting antibody responses to the MPER but that these chemically modified gp41 epitopes do not induce neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
|
45
|
Wen JJ, Zago MP, Nuñez S, Gupta S, Burgos FN, Garg NJ. Serum proteomic signature of human chagasic patients for the identification of novel potential protein biomarkers of disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:435-52. [PMID: 22543060 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.017640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is initiated upon infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Among the health consequences is a decline in heart function, and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this manifestation are not well understood. To explore the possible mechanisms, we employed IgY LC10 affinity chromatography in conjunction with ProteomeLab PF2D and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to resolve the proteome signature of high and low abundance serum proteins in chagasic patients. MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis yielded 80 and 14 differentially expressed proteins associated with cardiomyopathy of chagasic and other etiologies, respectively. The extent of oxidative stress-induced carbonyl modifications of the differentially expressed proteins (n = 26) was increased and coupled with a depression of antioxidant proteins. Functional annotation of the top networks developed by ingenuity pathway analysis of proteome database identified dysregulation of inflammation/acute phase response signaling and lipid metabolism relevant to production of prostaglandins and arachidonic acid in chagasic patients. Overlay of the major networks identified prothrombin and plasminogen at a nodal position with connectivity to proteome signature indicative of heart disease (i.e., thrombosis, angiogenesis, vasodilatation of blood vessels or the aorta, and increased permeability of blood vessel and endothelial tubes), and inflammatory responses (e.g., platelet aggregation, complement activation, and phagocyte activation and migration). The detection of cardiac proteins (myosin light chain 2 and myosin heavy chain 11) and increased levels of vinculin and plasminogen provided a comprehensive set of biomarkers of cardiac muscle injury and development of clinical Chagas disease in human patients. These results provide an impetus for biomarker validation in large cohorts of clinically characterized chagasic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Muñoz-Saravia SG, Haberland A, Wallukat G, Schimke I. Chronic Chagas' heart disease: a disease on its way to becoming a worldwide health problem: epidemiology, etiopathology, treatment, pathogenesis and laboratory medicine. Heart Fail Rev 2012; 17:45-64. [PMID: 21165698 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-010-9211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas' disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection, is ranked as the most serious parasitic disease in Latin America. Nearly 30% of infected patients develop life-threatening complications, and with a latency of 10-30 years, mostly Chagas' heart disease which is currently the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Latin America, enormously burdening economic resources and dramatically affecting patients' social and labor situations. Because of increasing migration, international tourism and parasite transfer by blood contact, intrauterine transfer and organ transplantation, Chagas' heart disease could potentially become a worldwide problem. To raise awareness of this problem, we reflect on the epidemiology and etiopathology of Chagas' disease, particularly Chagas' heart disease. To counteract Chagas' heart disease, in addition to the general interruption of the infection cycle and chemotherapeutic elimination of the infection agent, early and effective causal or symptomatic therapies would be indispensable. Prerequisites for this are improved knowledge of the pathogenesis and optimized patient management. From economic and logistics viewpoints, this last prerequisite should be performed using laboratory medicine tools. Consequently, we first summarize the mechanisms that have been suggested as driving Chagas' heart disease, mainly those associated with the presence of autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors; secondly, we indicate new treatment strategies involving autoantibody apheresis and in vivo autoantibody neutralization; thirdly, we present laboratory medicine tools such as autoantibody estimation and heart marker measurement, proposed for diagnosis, risk assessment and patient guidance and lastly, we critically reflect upon the increase in inflammation and oxidative stress markers in Chagas' heart disease.
Collapse
|
47
|
Santiago HC, Gonzalez Lombana CZ, Macedo JP, Utsch L, Tafuri WL, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Alves RO, Alves-Filho JCF, Romanha AJ, Cunha FQ, Teixeira MM, Radi R, Vieira LQ. NADPH phagocyte oxidase knockout mice control Trypanosoma cruzi proliferation, but develop circulatory collapse and succumb to infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1492. [PMID: 22348160 PMCID: PMC3279332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
(•)NO is considered to be a key macrophage-derived cytotoxic effector during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. On the other hand, the microbicidal properties of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well recognized, but little importance has been attributed to them during in vivo infection with T. cruzi. In order to investigate the role of ROS in T. cruzi infection, mice deficient in NADPH phagocyte oxidase (gp91(phox) (-/-) or phox KO) were infected with Y strain of T. cruzi and the course of infection was followed. phox KO mice had similar parasitemia, similar tissue parasitism and similar levels of IFN-γ and TNF in serum and spleen cell culture supernatants, when compared to wild-type controls. However, all phox KO mice succumbed to infection between day 15 and 21 after inoculation with the parasite, while 60% of wild-type mice were alive 50 days after infection. Further investigation demonstrated increased serum levels of nitrite and nitrate (NOx) at day 15 of infection in phox KO animals, associated with a drop in blood pressure. Treatment with a NOS2 inhibitor corrected the blood pressure, implicating NOS2 in this phenomenon. We postulate that superoxide reacts with (•)NO in vivo, preventing blood pressure drops in wild type mice. Hence, whilst superoxide from phagocytes did not play a critical role in parasite control in the phox KO animals, its production would have an important protective effect against blood pressure decline during infection with T. cruzi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helton C. Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Claudia Z. Gonzalez Lombana
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juan P. Macedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lara Utsch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L. Tafuri
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria José Campagnole-Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosana O. Alves
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José C. F. Alves-Filho
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alvaro J. Romanha
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Departmento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leda Q. Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dhiman M, Zago MP, Nunez S, Amoroso A, Rementeria H, Dousset P, Burgos FN, Garg NJ. Cardiac-oxidized antigens are targets of immune recognition by antibodies and potential molecular determinants in chagas disease pathogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28449. [PMID: 22238578 PMCID: PMC3251564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi elicits reactive oxygen species (ROS) of inflammatory and mitochondrial origin in infected hosts. In this study, we examined ROS-induced oxidative modifications in the heart and determined whether the resultant oxidized cardiac proteins are targets of immune response and of pathological significance in Chagas disease. Heart biopsies from chagasic mice, rats and human patients exhibited, when compared to those from normal controls, a substantial increase in protein 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) adducts. To evaluate whether oxidized proteins gain antigenic properties, heart homogenates or isolated cardiomyocytes were oxidized in vitro and one- or two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE)/Western blotting (WB) was performed to investigate the proteomic oxidative changes and recognition of oxidized proteins by sera antibodies in chagasic rodents (mice, rats) and human patients. Human cardiomyocytes exhibited LD(50) sensitivity to 30 µM 4-HNE and 100 µM H(2)O(2) at 6 h and 12 h, respectively. In vitro oxidation with 4-HNE or H(2)O(2) resulted in a substantial increase in 4-HNE- and carbonyl-modified proteins that correlated with increased recognition of cardiac (cardiomyocytes) proteins by sera antibodies of chagasic rodents and human patients. 2D-GE/Western blotting followed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis to identify cardiac proteins that were oxidized and recognized by human chagasic sera yielded 82 unique proteins. We validated the 2D-GE results by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and WB and demonstrated that oxidation of recombinant titin enhanced its immunogenicity and recognition by sera antibodies from chagasic hosts (rats and humans). Treatment of infected rats with phenyl-α-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN, antioxidant) resulted in normalized immune detection of cardiac proteins associated with control of cardiac pathology and preservation of heart contractile function in chagasic rats. We conclude that ROS-induced, cardiac-oxidized antigens are targets of immune recognition by antibodies and molecular determinants for pathogenesis during Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monisha Dhiman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Paola Zago
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Patología Experimental, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Sonia Nunez
- Hospital Público de Gestión Descentralizada San Bernardo, Salta, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Amoroso
- Servicio de Cirugia Cardiovascular, Hospital San Bernardo, Salta, Argentina
| | - Hugo Rementeria
- Servicio de Cirugia Cardiovascular, Hospital San Bernardo, Salta, Argentina
| | - Pierre Dousset
- Servicio de Cirugia Cardiovascular, Hospital San Bernardo, Salta, Argentina
| | | | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sánchez O, Rodríguez-Sureda V, Domínguez C, Fernández-Figueras T, Vilches A, Llurba E, Alijotas-Reig J. Study of biomaterial-induced macrophage activation, cell-mediated immune response and molecular oxidative damage in patients with dermal bioimplants. Immunobiology 2012; 217:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
50
|
Wen JJ, Garg NJ. Proteome expression and carbonylation changes during Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas disease in rats. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.010918. [PMID: 22199233 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.010918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress, elicited by Trypanosoma cruzi infection, are important pathologic events during progressive Chagasic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we infected Sprague-Dawley rats with T. cruzi, and treated with phenyl-α-tert-butylnitrone (PBN-antioxidant) and/or benznidazole (BZ-anti-parasite). We employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometry to investigate (a) the plasma proteomic changes associated with infection and disease development, and (b) the beneficial effects of PBN and BZ in controlling the disease-associated plasma profile. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight (MALDI-TOF) tandem MS (MS/MS) analysis of differentially expressed (total 146) and oxidized (total 48) protein spots yielded 92 unique proteins. Our data showed that treatment with PBN and BZ restored the differential expression of 65% and 30% of the disease-associated proteins to normal level, respectively, and PBN prevented development of oxidative adducts on plasma proteins. Western blotting to detect dinitrophenyl-derivatized carbonyl-proteins revealed plasma proteins were maximally oxidized during acute infection. Functional and disease/disorder analyses allocated a majority of the differentially expressed and oxidized proteins into inflammation/immunity and lipid metabolism categories and to molecular pathways associated with heart disease (e.g. cardiac infarction, contractile dysfunction, hypertrophy, and hypertension) in chagasic rats, and to curative pathways (e.g. ROS scavenging capacity, immune regulation) in infected rats treated with PBN and/or BZ. We validated the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis results by Western blotting, and demonstrated that the disease-associated increased expression of gelsolin and vimentin and release of cardiac MYL2 in the plasma of chagasic rats was returned to control level by PBN/BZ treatment. Increased plasma levels of gelsolin, MYL2 and vimentin were directly correlated with the severity of cardiac disease in human chagasic patients. Together, these results demonstrate the plasma oxidative and inflammatory response profile, and plasma detection of cardiac proteins parallels the pathologic events contributing to Chagas disease development, and is of potential utility in diagnosing disease severity and designing suitable therapy for management of human chagasic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|