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Abouelkhair MA, Frank LA, Bemis DA, Giannone RJ, Kania SA. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius 5'-nucleotidase suppresses canine phagocytic activity. Vet Microbiol 2020; 246:108720. [PMID: 32605759 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major opportunistic bacterial pathogen and the leading cause of pyoderma in dogs. In canines it is also often associated with infections of the urinary system and wounds and occasionally infects people. Widespread antimicrobial resistance has made the development of alternative treatments a high priority. The development of a staphylococcal vaccine, however, has proven challenging. Identification of virulence factors that inhibit phagocytosis and avoid innate immunity may play a significant role in preventing or treating infection with S. pseudintermedius. In this study, we identified a putative 5'-nucleotidase provisionally named SpAdsA, a S. pseudintermedius cell- wall protein encoded by SpAdsA. SpAdsA shares approximately 52% identity with the orthologous protein of Staphylococcus aureus and 14.8% identity with that of Streptococcus suis type2. It catalyzes the dephosphorylation of adenosine triphosphate and attenuation of this enzyme with critical amino acid substitutions nearly eliminated its hydrolytic activity. Exogenous adenosine inhibited phagocytosis of S. pseudintermedius by canine neutrophils and monocytes. Conversely, the addition of SpAdsA inhibitor or A2A adenosine receptor antagonist impaired the capacity of S. pseudintermedius to escape from killing by phagocytic cells. The neutralizing ability of canine antibody produced against SpAdsA-M was determined. Taken together, these results suggest that SpAdsA likely plays an important role in S. pseudintermedius virulence and that attenuated SpAdsA may be a good candidate for inclusion in a vaccine against S. pseudintermedius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abouelkhair
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA; Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Linda A Frank
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - David A Bemis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Richard J Giannone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Mass Spectrometry and Laser Spectrometry, Oakridge National Laboratories, Oakridge, TN, USA
| | - Stephen A Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Abouelkhair MA, Bemis DA, Giannone RJ, Frank LA, Kania SA. Identification, cloning and characterization of SpEX exotoxin produced by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220301. [PMID: 31356636 PMCID: PMC6663030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci have evolved numerous strategies to evade their hosts’ immune systems. Some staphylococcal toxins target essential components of host innate immunity, one of the two main branches of the immune system. Analysis of the Staphylococcus pseudintermedius secretome using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry guided by genomic data, was used to identify an S. pseudintermedius exotoxin provisionally named SpEX. This exoprotein has low overall amino acid identity with the Staphylococcus aureus group of proteins named staphylococcal superantigen like proteins (SSLs) and staphylococcal enterotoxin- like toxin X (SEIX), but predictive modeling showed that it shares similar folds and domain architecture to these important virulence factors. In this study, we found SpEX binds to complement component C5, prevents complement mediated lysis of sensitized bovine red blood cells, kills polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes and inhibits neutrophil migration at sub-lethal concentrations. A mutant version of SpEX, produced through amino acid substitution at selected positions, had diminished cytotoxicity. Anti-SpEX produced in dogs reduced the inhibitory effect of native SpEX on canine neutrophil migration and protected immune cells from the toxic effects of the native recombinant protein. These results suggest that SpEX likely plays an important role in S. pseudintermedius virulence and that attenuated SpEX may be an important candidate for inclusion in a vaccine against S. pseudintermedius infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abouelkhair
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - David A. Bemis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Giannone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Biological Mass Spectrometry, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Frank
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sewid AH, Hassan MN, Ammar AM, Bemis DA, Kania SA. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Sbi paralogs inhibit complement and bind IgM, IgG Fc and Fab. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219817. [PMID: 31335868 PMCID: PMC6650138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of staphylococci as pathogens has been attributed, in part, to their ability to evade their hosts’ immune systems. Although the proteins involved in evasion have been extensively studied in staphylococci affecting humans little characterization has been done with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, an important cause of pyoderma in dogs. Staphylococcus aureus binder of immunoglobulin (Sbi) interferes with innate immune recognition by interacting with multiple host proteins. In this study, a S. pseudintermedius gene that shares 38% similarity to S. aureus Sbi was cloned from S. pseudintermedius strains representative of major clonal lineages bearing two paralogs of the protein. Binding of immunoglobulins and Fab and Fc fragments as well as interaction with complement was measured. S. pseudintermedius Sbi protein bound IgG from multiple species and canine complement C3, neutralized complement activity and bound to canine IgM and B cells. Evidence from this work suggests Sbi may play an important role in S. pseudintermedius immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H. Sewid
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - M. Nabil Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A. M. Ammar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - David A. Bemis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nisa S, Bercker C, Midwinter AC, Bruce I, Graham CF, Venter P, Bell A, French NP, Benschop J, Bailey KM, Wilkinson DA. Combining MALDI-TOF and genomics in the study of methicillin resistant and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in New Zealand. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1271. [PMID: 30718644 PMCID: PMC6361924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic and emerging zoonotic pathogen that primarily colonises the skin of dogs. Many common variants are methicillin resistant (MRSP) or multidrug resistant (MDR), and drug resistance is increasingly reported across the globe. In New Zealand, MRSP isolation remains rare in clinics. To pre-emptively inform diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship practices, we examine isolates of S. pseudintermedius, MRSP and MDR-MRSP from New Zealand dogs using a combination of methodologies. Genetic and genomic data combined with antimicrobial susceptibility screening identify common drug-resistance profiles and their genetic determinants. We demonstrate that sensitive and specific species-level identification of S. pseudintermedius can be achieved using Bruker MALDI-TOF MS and, further, that this technique can be used to identify some common subtype variants, providing a level of categorical precision that falls somewhere between single-locus and multi-locus sequence typing. Comparative genomics analysis of global S. pseudintermedius data shows that MRSP moves frequently across the globe, but that horizontal gene transfer events resulting in the acquisition of the SCCmec cassette (responsible for beta-lactam antibiotic resistance) are infrequent. This suggests that biosecurity and surveillance in addition to antibiotic stewardship should play important roles in mitigating the risk of MRSP, especially in countries such as New Zealand where MRSP is still rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahista Nisa
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Clément Bercker
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne C Midwinter
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ian Bruce
- NZVP (IDEXX), Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Pierre Venter
- Fonterra Research & Development Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Nigel P French
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jackie Benschop
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - David A Wilkinson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. .,New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Complete Genome Sequences of Three Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Strains Isolated from Botswana. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018. [PMID: 29519848 PMCID: PMC5843742 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01599-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first whole-genome sequences for 3 strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (112N, 113N, and 114N) isolated in Africa. Samples of this opportunistic pathogen were collected from nasal swabs obtained from healthy carrier dogs in Botswana. The sequence information will facilitate spatial phylogenetic comparisons of staphylococcal species and other bacteria at the genome level.
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