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Holubova J, Stanek O, Juhasz A, Hamidou Soumana I, Makovicky P, Sebo P. The Fim and FhaB adhesins play a crucial role in nasal cavity infection and Bordetella pertussis transmission in a novel mouse catarrhal infection model. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010402. [PMID: 35395059 PMCID: PMC9020735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary infections caused by Bordetella pertussis used to be the prime cause of infant mortality in the pre-vaccine era and mouse models of pertussis pneumonia served in characterization of B. pertussis virulence mechanisms. However, the biologically most relevant catarrhal disease stage and B. pertussis transmission has not been adequately reproduced in adult mice due to limited proliferation of the human-adapted pathogen on murine nasopharyngeal mucosa. We used immunodeficient C57BL/6J MyD88 KO mice to achieve B. pertussis proliferation to human-like high counts of 108 viable bacteria per nasal cavity to elicit rhinosinusitis accompanied by robust shedding and transmission of B. pertussis bacteria to adult co-housed MyD88 KO mice. Experiments with a comprehensive set of B. pertussis mutants revealed that pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin, the T3SS effector BteA/BopC and several other known virulence factors were dispensable for nasal cavity infection and B. pertussis transmission in the immunocompromised MyD88 KO mice. In contrast, mutants lacking the filamentous hemagglutinin (FhaB) or fimbriae (Fim) adhesins infected the nasal cavity poorly, shed at low levels and failed to productively infect co-housed MyD88 KO or C57BL/6J mice. FhaB and fimbriae thus appear to play a critical role in B. pertussis transmission. The here-described novel murine model of B. pertussis-induced nasal catarrh opens the way to genetic dissection of host mechanisms involved in B. pertussis shedding and to validation of key bacterial transmission factors that ought to be targeted by future pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Holubova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Stanek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Attila Juhasz
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Illiassou Hamidou Soumana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Peter Makovicky
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Inhibits Bordetella pertussis Clearance from the Nasal Mucosa of Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040695. [PMID: 33228165 PMCID: PMC7711433 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis whole-cell vaccines (wP) caused a spectacular drop of global pertussis incidence, but since the replacement of wP with acellular pertussis vaccines (aP), pertussis has resurged in developed countries within 7 to 12 years of the change from wP to aP. In the mouse infection model, we examined whether addition of further protective antigens into the aP vaccine, such as type 2 and type 3 fimbriae (FIM2/3) with outer membrane lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and/or of the adenylate cyclase toxoid (dACT), which elicits antibodies neutralizing the CyaA toxin, could enhance the capacity of the aP vaccine to prevent colonization of the nasal mucosa by B. pertussis. The addition of the toxoid and of the opsonizing antibody-inducing agglutinogens modestly enhanced the already high capacity of intraperitoneally-administered aP vaccine to elicit sterilizing immunity, protecting mouse lungs from B. pertussis infection. At the same time, irrespective of FIM2/3 with LOS and dACT addition, the aP vaccination ablated the natural capacity of BALB/c mice to clear B. pertussis infection from the nasal cavity. While wP or sham-vaccinated animals cleared the nasal infection with similar kinetics within 7 weeks, administration of the aP vaccine promoted persistent colonization of mouse nasal mucosa by B. pertussis.
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Kamanova J. Bordetella Type III Secretion Injectosome and Effector Proteins. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:466. [PMID: 33014891 PMCID: PMC7498569 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a resurging acute respiratory disease of humans primarily caused by the Gram-negative coccobacilli Bordetella pertussis, and less commonly by the human-adapted lineage of B. parapertussis HU. The ovine-adapted lineage of B. parapertussis OV infects only sheep, while B. bronchiseptica causes chronic and often asymptomatic respiratory infections in a broad range of mammals but rarely in humans. A largely overlapping set of virulence factors inflicts the pathogenicity of these bordetellae. Their genomes also harbor a pathogenicity island, named bsc locus, that encodes components of the type III secretion injectosome, and adjacent btr locus with the type III regulatory proteins. The Bsc injectosome of bordetellae translocates the cytotoxic BteA effector protein, also referred to as BopC, into the cells of the mammalian hosts. While the role of type III secretion activity in the persistent colonization of the lower respiratory tract by B. bronchiseptica is well recognized, the functionality of the type III secretion injectosome in B. pertussis was overlooked for many years due to the adaptation of laboratory-passaged B. pertussis strains. This review highlights the current knowledge of the type III secretion system in the so-called classical Bordetella species, comprising B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, and B. bronchiseptica, and discusses its functional divergence. Comparison with other well-studied bacterial injectosomes, regulation of the type III secretion on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, and activities of BteA effector protein and BopN protein, homologous to the type III secretion gatekeepers, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kamanova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Abstract
In vitro growth conditions for bacteria do not fully recapitulate the host environment. RNA sequencing transcriptome analysis allows for the characterization of the infection gene expression profiles of pathogens in complex environments. Isolation of the pathogen from infected tissues is critical because of the large amounts of host RNA present in crude lysates of infected organs. A filtration method was developed that enabled enrichment of the pathogen RNA for RNA-seq analysis. The resulting data describe the “infection transcriptome” of B. pertussis in the murine lung. This strategy can be utilized for pathogens in other hosts and, thus, expand our knowledge of what bacteria express during infection. Bordetella pertussis causes the disease whooping cough through coordinated control of virulence factors by the Bordetella virulence gene system. Microarrays and, more recently, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) have been used to describe in vitro gene expression profiles of B. pertussis and other pathogens. In previous studies, we have analyzed the in vitro gene expression profiles of B. pertussis, and we hypothesize that the infection transcriptome profile in vivo is significantly different from that under laboratory growth conditions. To study the infection transcriptome of B. pertussis, we developed a simple filtration technique for isolation of bacteria from infected lungs. The work flow involves filtering the bacteria out of the lung homogenate using a 5-μm-pore-size syringe filter. The captured bacteria are then lysed to isolate RNA for Illumina library preparation and RNA-seq analysis. Upon comparing the in vitro and in vivo gene expression profiles, we identified 351 and 255 genes as activated and repressed, respectively, during murine lung infection. As expected, numerous genes associated with virulent-phase growth were activated in the murine host, including pertussis toxin (PT), the PT secretion apparatus, and the type III secretion system. A significant number of genes encoding iron acquisition and heme uptake proteins were highly expressed during infection, supporting iron acquisition as critical for B. pertussis survival in vivo. Numerous metabolic genes were repressed during infection. Overall, these data shed light on the gene expression profile of B. pertussis during infection, and this method will facilitate efforts to understand how this pathogen causes infection. IMPORTANCEIn vitro growth conditions for bacteria do not fully recapitulate the host environment. RNA sequencing transcriptome analysis allows for the characterization of the infection gene expression profiles of pathogens in complex environments. Isolation of the pathogen from infected tissues is critical because of the large amounts of host RNA present in crude lysates of infected organs. A filtration method was developed that enabled enrichment of the pathogen RNA for RNA-seq analysis. The resulting data describe the “infection transcriptome” of B. pertussis in the murine lung. This strategy can be utilized for pathogens in other hosts and, thus, expand our knowledge of what bacteria express during infection.
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Luu LDW, Octavia S, Zhong L, Raftery MJ, Sintchenko V, Lan R. Comparison of the Whole Cell Proteome and Secretome of Epidemic Bordetella pertussis Strains From the 2008-2012 Australian Epidemic Under Sulfate-Modulating Conditions. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2851. [PMID: 30538686 PMCID: PMC6277516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfate is an important modulator for virulence factor expression in Bordetella pertussis, the causative organism for whooping cough. During infection, sulfate is released when respiratory epithelial cells are damaged which can affect gene expression. The current predominant strains in Australia are found in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) cluster I (ptxP3/prn2). It has been reported that ptxP3 strains have higher mRNA expression of virulence genes than ptxP1 strains under intermediate sulfate-modulating conditions (5 mM MgSO4). Our previous proteomic study compared L1423 (cluster I, ptxP3) and L1191 (cluster II, ptxP1) in Thalen-IJssel (THIJS) media without sulfate modulation and identified an upregulation of transport proteins and a downregulation of immunogenic proteins. To determine whether proteomic differences exist between cluster I and cluster II strains in intermediate modulating conditions, this study compared the whole cell proteome and secretome between L1423 and L1191 grown in THIJS media with 5 mM MgSO4 using iTRAQ and high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRM-hr). Two proteins (BP0200 and BP1175) in the whole cell were upregulated in L1423 [fold change (FC) >1.2, false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05]. In the secretome, four proteins from the type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors were downregulated (FC < 0.8, FDR < 0.05) while six proteins, including two adhesins, pertactin (Prn) and tracheal colonization factor A (TcfA), were upregulated which were consistent with our previous proteomic study. The upregulation of Prn and TcfA in SNP cluster I may result in improved adhesion while the downregulation of the T3SS and other immunogenic proteins may reduce immune recognition, which may contribute to the increased fitness of cluster I B. pertussis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Don Wai Luu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling Zhong
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark J Raftery
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vitali Sintchenko
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology-Public Health, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research - NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Boehm DT, Hall JM, Wong TY, DiVenere AM, Sen-Kilic E, Bevere JR, Bradford SD, Blackwood CB, Elkins CM, DeRoos KA, Gray MC, Cooper CG, Varney ME, Maynard JA, Hewlett EL, Barbier M, Damron FH. Evaluation of Adenylate Cyclase Toxoid Antigen in Acellular Pertussis Vaccines by Using a Bordetella pertussis Challenge Model in Mice. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00857-17. [PMID: 30012638 PMCID: PMC6204743 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00857-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis is the primary causative agent of pertussis (whooping cough), which is a respiratory infection that leads to a violent cough and can be fatal in infants. There is a need to develop more effective vaccines because of the resurgence of cases of pertussis in the United States since the switch from the whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wP) to the acellular pertussis vaccines (aP; diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis vaccine/tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccine). Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is a major virulence factor of B. pertussis that is (i) required for establishment of infection, (ii) an effective immunogen, and (iii) a protective antigen. The C-terminal repeats-in-toxin domain (RTX) of ACT is sufficient to induce production of toxin-neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we characterized the effectiveness of vaccines containing the RTX antigen against experimental murine infection with B. pertussis RTX was not protective as a single-antigen vaccine against B. pertussis challenge, and adding RTX to 1/5 human dose of aP did not enhance protection. Since the doses of aP used in murine studies are not proportionate to mouse/human body masses, we titrated the aP from 1/20 to 1/160 of the human dose. Mice receiving 1/80 human aP dose had bacterial burden comparable to those of naive controls. Adding RTX antigen to the 1/80 aP base resulted in enhanced bacterial clearance. Inclusion of RTX induced production of antibodies recognizing RTX, enhanced production of anti-pertussis toxin, decreased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6, and decreased recruitment of total macrophages in the lung. This study shows that adding RTX antigen to an appropriate dose of aP can enhance protection against B. pertussis challenge in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T Boehm
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jesse M Hall
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Ting Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Andrea M DiVenere
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Emel Sen-Kilic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shelby D Bradford
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Catherine B Blackwood
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Cody M Elkins
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine A DeRoos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mary C Gray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - C Garret Cooper
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Melinda E Varney
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer A Maynard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Erik L Hewlett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Dorji D, Mooi F, Yantorno O, Deora R, Graham RM, Mukkur TK. Bordetella Pertussis virulence factors in the continuing evolution of whooping cough vaccines for improved performance. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 207:3-26. [PMID: 29164393 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite high vaccine coverage, whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis remains one of the most common vaccine-preventable diseases worldwide. Introduction of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines in the 1940s and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in 1990s reduced the mortality due to pertussis. Despite induction of both antibody and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses by aP and wP vaccines, there has been resurgence of pertussis in many countries in recent years. Possible reasons hypothesised for resurgence have ranged from incompliance with the recommended vaccination programmes with the currently used aP vaccine to infection with a resurged clinical isolates characterised by mutations in the virulence factors, resulting in antigenic divergence with vaccine strain, and increased production of pertussis toxin, resulting in dampening of immune responses. While use of these vaccines provide varying degrees of protection against whooping cough, protection against infection and transmission appears to be less effective, warranting continuation of efforts in the development of an improved pertussis vaccine formulations capable of achieving this objective. Major approaches currently under evaluation for the development of an improved pertussis vaccine include identification of novel biofilm-associated antigens for incorporation in current aP vaccine formulations, development of live attenuated vaccines and discovery of novel non-toxic adjuvants capable of inducing both antibody and CMI. In this review, the potential roles of different accredited virulence factors, including novel biofilm-associated antigens, of B. pertussis in the evolution, formulation and delivery of improved pertussis vaccines, with potential to block the transmission of whooping cough in the community, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorji Dorji
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia
- Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Khesar Gyalpo Medical University of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Frits Mooi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Ross M Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia
| | - Trilochan K Mukkur
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, 6102, Australia.
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Saadatian-Elahi M, Plotkin S, Mills KHG, Halperin SA, McIntyre PB, Picot V, Louis J, Johnson DR. Pertussis: Biology, epidemiology and prevention. Vaccine 2016; 34:5819-5826. [PMID: 27780629 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite long-standing vaccination programs, substantial increases in reported cases of pertussis have been described in several countries during the last 5years. Cases among very young infants who are at greatest risk of pertussis-related hospitalizations and mortality are the most alarming. Multiple hypotheses including but not limited to the availability of more sensitive diagnostic tests, greater awareness, and waning vaccine-induced immunity over time have been posited for the current challenges with pertussis. The conference "Pertussis: biology, epidemiology and prevention" held in Annecy-France (November 11-13, 2015) brought together experts and interested individuals to examine these issues and to formulate recommendations for optimal use of current vaccines, with a particular focus on strategies to minimize severe morbidity and mortality among infants during the first months of life. The expert panel concluded that improving vaccination strategies with current vaccines and development of new highly immunogenic and efficacious pertussis vaccines that have acceptable adverse event profiles are currently the two main areas of investigation for the control of pertussis. Some possible pathways forward to address these main challenges are discussed in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Saadatian-Elahi
- Pôle Santé, Recherche, Risques et Vigilances Groupement Hospitalier Edouard Herriot, Unité d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention, 5 Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03, France.
| | | | - Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Scott A Halperin
- Canadian Centre for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, The IWK Health Centre and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Peter B McIntyre
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jacques Louis
- Fondation Mérieux, 17 rue Bourgelat, 69002 Lyon, France
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Kilgore PE, Salim AM, Zervos MJ, Schmitt HJ. Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev 2016; 29:449-86. [PMID: 27029594 PMCID: PMC4861987 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00083-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution of B. pertussis strains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmit B. pertussis to younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding of B. pertussis pathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E Kilgore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum Collage of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Abdulbaset M Salim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum Collage of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Marcus J Zervos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System and Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Heinz-Josef Schmitt
- Medical and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, Paris, France Department of Pediatrics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Bibova I, Hot D, Keidel K, Amman F, Slupek S, Cerny O, Gross R, Vecerek B. Transcriptional profiling of Bordetella pertussis reveals requirement of RNA chaperone Hfq for Type III secretion system functionality. RNA Biol 2015; 12:175-85. [PMID: 25674816 PMCID: PMC4615762 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1017237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of human whooping cough (pertussis) produces a complex array of virulence factors in order to establish efficient infection in the host. The RNA chaperone Hfq and small regulatory RNAs are key players in posttranscriptional regulation in bacteria and have been shown to play an essential role in virulence of a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This study represents the first attempt to characterize the Hfq regulon of the human pathogen B. pertussis under laboratory conditions as well as upon passage in the host and indicates that loss of Hfq has a profound effect on gene expression in B. pertussis. Comparative transcriptional profiling revealed that Hfq is required for expression of several virulence factors in B. pertussis cells including the Type III secretion system (T3SS). In striking contrast to the wt strain, T3SS did not become operational in the hfq mutant passaged either through mice or macrophages thereby proving that Hfq is required for the functionality of the B. pertussis T3SS. Likewise, expression of virulence factors vag8 and tcfA encoding autotransporter and tracheal colonization factor, respectively, was strongly reduced in the hfq mutant. Importantly, for the first time we demonstrate that B. pertussis T3SS can be activated upon contact with macrophage cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Bibova
- a Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR ; Prague , Czech Republic
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Villarino Romero R, Osicka R, Sebo P. Filamentous hemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis: a key adhesin with immunomodulatory properties? Future Microbiol 2015; 9:1339-60. [PMID: 25517899 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The filamentous hemagglutinin of pathogenic Bordetellae is a prototype of a large two-partner-system-secreted and β-structure-rich bacterial adhesin. It exhibits several binding activities that may facilitate bacterial adherence to airway mucosa and host phagocytes in the initial phases of infection. Despite three decades of research on filamentous hemagglutinin, there remain many questions on its structure-function relationships, integrin interactions and possible immunomodulatory signaling capacity. Here we review the state of knowledge on this important virulence factor and acellular pertussis vaccine component. Specific emphasis is placed on outstanding questions that are yet to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Villarino Romero
- Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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Sebo P, Osicka R, Masin J. Adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin relevance for pertussis vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1215-27. [PMID: 25090574 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.944900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (ACT, AC-Hly or CyaA) is a key virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis. It targets bactericidal activities of phagocytes, such as oxidative burst and complement- or antibody-mediated opsonophagocytic killing of bacteria. Through cAMP signaling, CyaA also skews TLR-triggered maturation of dendritic cells, inhibiting proinflammatory IL-12 and TNF-α secretion and enhancing IL-10 production and Treg expansion, likely hampering induction of adaptive immune responses to Bordetella infections. Non-enzymatic CyaA toxoid is a potent protective antigen and adjuvant that boosts immunogenicity of co-administered B. pertussis antigens and improves potency of acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines in mice. This makes CyaA a prime antigen candidate for inclusion into a next generation of aP vaccines. Moreover, recombinant CyaA toxoids were recently shown to be safe in humans in frame of Phase I clinical evaluation of a CyaA-based immunotherapeutic vaccine that induces Th1-polarized CD8(+) cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses targeting cervical tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sebo
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, has recently re-emerged as a major public health threat despite high levels of vaccination against the aetiological agent Bordetella pertussis. In this Review, we describe the pathogenesis of this disease, with a focus on recent mechanistic insights into B. pertussis virulence-factor function. We also discuss the changing epidemiology of pertussis and the challenges facing vaccine development. Despite decades of research, many aspects of B. pertussis physiology and pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We highlight knowledge gaps that must be addressed to develop improved vaccines and therapeutic strategies.
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Bergh PV, Burr SE, Benedicenti O, von Siebenthal B, Frey J, Wahli T. Antigens of the type-three secretion system of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida prevent protective immunity in rainbow trout. Vaccine 2013; 31:5256-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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