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Rogers M, Kamath S, McManus D, Jones M, Gordon C, Navarro S. Schistosoma excretory/secretory products: an untapped library of tolerogenic immunotherapeutics against food allergy. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e70001. [PMID: 39221178 PMCID: PMC11359118 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.70001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Food allergy (FA) is considered the 'second wave' of the allergy epidemic in developed countries after asthma and allergic rhinitis with a steadily growing burden of 40%. The absence of early childhood pathogen stimulation embodied by the hygiene hypothesis is one explanation, and in particular, the eradication of parasitic helminths could be at play. Infections with parasites Schistosoma spp. have been found to have a negative correlation with allergic diseases. Schistosomes induce regulatory responses to evade immune detection and ensure their long-term survival. This is achieved via excretory/secretory (E/S) products, consisting of proteins, lipids, metabolites, nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles, representing an untapped therapeutic avenue for the treatment of FA without the unpleasant side-effects and risks associated with live infection. Schistosome-derived immunotherapeutic development is in its infancy and novel discoveries are heavily technology dependent; thus, it is essential to better understand how newly identified molecules interact with host immune systems to ensure safety and successful translation. This review will outline the identified Schistosoma-derived E/S products at all life cycle stages and discuss known mechanisms of action and their ability to suppress FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Rogers
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Sandip Kamath
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLDAustralia
| | - Donald McManus
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Malcolm Jones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Faculty of Science, School of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of QueenslandGattonQLDAustralia
| | - Catherine Gordon
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Severine Navarro
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
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Patente TA, Gasan TA, Scheenstra M, Ozir-Fazalalikhan A, Obieglo K, Schetters S, Verwaerde S, Vergote K, Otto F, Wilbers RHP, van Bloois E, Wijck YV, Taube C, Hammad H, Schots A, Everts B, Yazdanbakhsh M, Guigas B, Hokke CH, Smits HH. S. mansoni -derived omega-1 prevents OVA-specific allergic airway inflammation via hampering of cDC2 migration. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012457. [PMID: 39186814 PMCID: PMC11379383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with Schistosoma mansoni parasites is associated with reduced allergic sensitization in humans, while schistosome eggs protects against allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in mice. One of the main secretory/excretory molecules from schistosome eggs is the glycosylated T2-RNAse Omega-1 (ω1). We hypothesized that ω1 induces protection against AAI during infection. Peritoneal administration of ω1 prior to sensitization with Ovalbumin (OVA) reduced airway eosinophilia and pathology, and OVA-specific Th2 responses upon challenge, independent from changes in regulatory T cells. ω1 was taken up by monocyte-derived dendritic cells, mannose receptor (CD206)-positive conventional type 2 dendritic cells (CD206+ cDC2), and by recruited peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, ω1 impaired CCR7, F-actin, and costimulatory molecule expression on myeloid cells and cDC2 migration in and ex vivo, as evidenced by reduced OVA+ CD206+ cDC2 in the draining mediastinal lymph nodes (medLn) and retainment in the peritoneal cavity, while antigen processing and presentation in cDC2 were not affected by ω1 treatment. Importantly, RNAse mutant ω1 was unable to reduce AAI or affect DC migration, indicating that ω1 effects are dependent on its RNAse activity. Altogether, ω1 hampers migration of OVA+ cDC2 to the draining medLn in mice, elucidating how ω1 prevents allergic airway inflammation in the OVA/alum mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago A Patente
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Thomas A Gasan
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Scheenstra
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arifa Ozir-Fazalalikhan
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Katja Obieglo
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Schetters
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verwaerde
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl Vergote
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Otto
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ruud H P Wilbers
- Laboratory of Nematology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Eline van Bloois
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Christian Taube
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arjen Schots
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis H Hokke
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Center of Infectious Disease (LU-CID), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
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3
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Li Z, Wang X, Zhang W, Yang W, Xu B, Hu W. Excretory/Secretory Products from Schistosoma japonicum Eggs Alleviate Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011625. [PMID: 37788409 PMCID: PMC10547495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excretory/secretory products (ESPs) derived from helminths have been reported to effectively control allergic inflammation, which have better therapeutic prospects than live parasite infections. However, it remains unknown whether ESPs from schistosome eggs can protect against allergies, despite reports alleging that schistosome infection could alleviate disordered allergic inflammation. METHOD In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of ESPs from Schistosoma japonicum eggs (ESP-SJE) on asthmatic inflammation. Firstly, we successfully established an allergic airway inflammation model in mice by alum-adjuvanted ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. ESP-SJE were administered intraperitoneally on days -1 and 13 (before sensitization), on day 20 (before challenge), and on days 21-24 (challenge phase). RESULTS The results showed that ESP-SJE treatment significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils into the lung tissue, inhibited the production of the total and OVA-specific IgE during OVA-sensitized and -challenged phases, respectively, and suppressed the secretion of Th2-type inflammatory cytokines (IL-4). Additionally, ESP-SJE treatment significantly upregulated the regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the lung tissue during OVA challenge. Furthermore, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and Treg induction experiments in vitro, we might identify nine potential therapeutic proteins against allergic inflammation in ESP-SJE. The targets of these candidate proteins included glutathione S-transferase, egg protein CP422 precursor, tubulin alpha-2/alpha-4 chain, actin-2, T-complex protein 1 subunit beta, histone H₄, whey acidic protein core region, and molecular chaperone HtpG. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results discussed herein demonstrated that ESP-SJE could significantly alleviate OVA-induced asthmatic inflammation in a murine model, which might be mediated by the upregulation of Treg in lung tissues that may be induced by the potential modulatory proteins. Therefore, potential proteins in ESP-SJE might be the best candidates to be tested for therapeutic application of asthma, thus pointing out to a possible new therapy for allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Li
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, P. R. China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Centre for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Chauché C, Rasid O, Donachie A, McManus CM, Löser S, Campion T, Richards J, Smyth DJ, McSorley HJ, Maizels RM. Suppression of airway allergic eosinophilia by Hp-TGM, a helminth mimic of TGF-β. Immunology 2022; 167:197-211. [PMID: 35758054 PMCID: PMC9885513 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2-high asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways which is increasingly prevalent in countries where helminth parasite infections are rare, and characterized by T helper 2 (Th2)-dependent accumulation of eosinophils in the lungs. Regulatory cytokines such as TGF-β can restrain inflammatory reactions, dampen allergic Th2 responses, and control eosinophil activation. The murine helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus releases a TGF-β mimic (Hp-TGM) that replicates the biological and functional properties of TGF-β despite bearing no structural similarity to the mammalian protein. Here, we investigated if Hp-TGM could alleviate allergic airway inflammation in mice exposed to Alternaria alternata allergen, house dust mite (HDM) extract or alum-adjuvanted ovalbumin protein (OVA). Intranasal administration of Hp-TGM during Alternaria exposure sharply reduced airway and lung tissue eosinophilia along with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IL-5 and lung IL-33 cytokine levels at 24 h. The protective effect of Hp-TGM on airway eosinophilia was also obtained in the longer T-cell mediated models of HDM or OVA sensitisation with significant inhibition of eotaxin-1, IL-4 and IL-13 responses depending on the model and time-point. Hp-TGM was also protective when administered parenterally either when given at the time of allergic sensitisation or during airway allergen challenge. This project has taken the first steps in identifying the role of Hp-TGM in allergic asthma and highlighted its ability to control lung inflammation and allergic pathology. Future research will investigate the mode of action of Hp-TGM against airway allergic eosinophilia, and further explore its potential to be developed as a biotherapeutic in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chauché
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research InstituteEdinburghUK
| | - Orhan Rasid
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Anne‐Marie Donachie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Caitlin M. McManus
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Stephan Löser
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Tiffany Campion
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Josh Richards
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Danielle J. Smyth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK,Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Henry J. McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Building, University of DundeeDundeeUK
| | - Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Protective effect and mechanism of Schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigen against type 1 diabetes in NOD mice. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-00970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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6
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Li L, Shan W, Zhu H, Xue F, Ma Y, Dong L, Feng D, Mao J, Yuan G, Wang X. SJMHE1 Peptide from Schistosoma japonicum Inhibits Asthma in Mice by Regulating Th17/Treg Cell Balance via miR-155. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5305-5318. [PMID: 34703270 PMCID: PMC8523811 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Helminths and their products can regulate immune response and offer new strategies to control and alleviate inflammation, including asthma. We previously found that a peptide named as SJMHE1 from Schistosoma japonicum can suppress asthma in mice. This study mainly investigated the molecular mechanism of SJMHE1 in inhibiting asthma inflammation. Methods SJMHE1 was administered to mice with OVA-induced asthma via subcutaneous injection, and its effects were detected by testing the airway inflammation of mice. The Th cell distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. Th-related transcription factor and cytokine expression in the lungs of mice were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of miR-155 and levels of phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 were also determined after SJMHE1 treatment in mice by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The in vitro mouse CD4+ T cells were transfected with lentivirus containing overexpressed or inhibited miR-155, and the proportion of Th17, Treg cells, CD4+p-STAT3+, and CD4+p-STAT5+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results SJMHE1 ameliorated the airway inflammation of asthmatic mice, upregulated the proportion of Th1 and Treg cells, and the expression of Th1 and Treg-related transcription factor and cytokines. Simultaneously, SJMHE1 treatment reduced the percentage of Th2 and Th17 cells and the expression of Th2 and Th17-related transcription factor and cytokines. SJMHE1 treatment decreased the expression of miR-155 and p-STAT3 but increased p-STAT5 expression. In vitro, the percentage of Th17 and CD4+p-STAT3+ cells increased in CD4+ T cells transfected over-expression of miR-155, but SJMHE1 inhibited the miR-155-mediated increase of Th17 cells. Furthermore, SJMHE1 increased the proportion of Treg and CD4+p-STAT5+ cells after transfected over-expression or inhibition of miR-155. Conclusion SJMHE1 regulated the balance of Th17 and Treg cells by modulating the activation of STAT3 and STAT5 via miR-155 in asthma. SJMHE1 might be a promising treatment for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Taixing City People's Hospital, Taixing, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Shan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijin Zhu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Taixing City People's Hospital, Taixing, 225400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Jintan, 213200, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingqi Feng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Mao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, People's Republic of China
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Elmehy DA, Abdelhai DI, Elkholy RA, Elkelany MM, Tahoon DM, Elkholy RA, Soliman NA, Saad MAH, El-Ebiary AA, Gamea GA. Immunoprotective inference of experimental chronic Trichinella spiralis infection on house dust mites induced allergic airway remodeling. Acta Trop 2021; 220:105934. [PMID: 33895144 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic bronchial asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation of the respiratory airways mediated by T-helper 2 (Th2), Th17 and their cytokines. Although most asthmatic patients suffer from allergic airway remodeling (AAR), aggressive anti-allergic treatment failed to reverse it. The hygiene hypothesis illuminated the counter relationship between allergy and helminthic infections. The immune system is modulated by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection to maintain homeostasis. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the impact of chronic T. spiralis infection on induced AAR in C57BL/6 mice sensitized by house dust mites (HDM) allergens. Forty mice were divided into 3 groups: I (10 healthy mice), IΙ (15 HDM sensitized mice), and ΙΙI (15 T. spiralis chronically infected mice and sensitized with HDM allergens). The assessment aimed to evaluate the effects of regulatory CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ cells (Tregs) and their cytokines comparative to hypersensitivity mediated cytokines. Chronic T. spiralis infection effectively prevented the host's AAR. This result was evidenced by upregulated Tregs in blood by flow cytometric analysis and increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as improved lung histopathological changes. Also, serum HDM specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), BAL eosinophils, BAL IL-5 levels, and IL-17 gene expression in lung tissues were significantly reduced in T. spiralis chronically infected mice. In conclusion, the immune response in chronic T. spiralis infection could provide a promising mechanistic tool for protection against AAR, which paves the way for innovative preventive measures of other immunological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Elmehy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Dina I Abdelhai
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Elkholy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maram M Elkelany
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina M Tahoon
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Reem A Elkholy
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Pharmacology Department, School of Medicine, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nema A Soliman
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Hasby Saad
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A El-Ebiary
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Gamea
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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8
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Phillips-Farfán B, Gómez-Chávez F, Medina-Torres EA, Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Carvajal-Aguilera K, Camacho L. Microbiota Signals during the Neonatal Period Forge Life-Long Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158162. [PMID: 34360926 PMCID: PMC8348731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota regulates immunological development during early human life, with long-term effects on health and disease. Microbial products include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), formyl peptides (FPs), polysaccharide A (PSA), polyamines (PAs), sphingolipids (SLPs) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands. Anti-inflammatory SCFAs are produced by Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia by undigested-carbohydrate fermentation. Thus, fiber amount and type determine their occurrence. FPs bind receptors from the pattern recognition family, those from commensal bacteria induce a different response than those from pathogens. PSA is a capsular polysaccharide from B. fragilis stimulating immunoregulatory protein expression, promoting IL-2, STAT1 and STAT4 gene expression, affecting cytokine production and response modulation. PAs interact with neonatal immunity, contribute to gut maturation, modulate the gut–brain axis and regulate host immunity. SLPs are composed of a sphingoid attached to a fatty acid. Prokaryotic SLPs are mostly found in anaerobes. SLPs are involved in proliferation, apoptosis and immune regulation as signaling molecules. The AhR is a transcription factor regulating development, reproduction and metabolism. AhR binds many ligands due to its promiscuous binding site. It participates in immune tolerance, involving lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells during early development in exposed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Phillips-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (F.G.-C.); (J.A.V.-V.)
- Cátedras CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico
- Departamento de Formación Básica Disciplinaria, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | | | | | - Karla Carvajal-Aguilera
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
| | - Luz Camacho
- Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City 04530, Mexico; (B.P.-F.); (K.C.-A.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Z, Zhang W, Luo F, Li J, Yang W, Zhu B, Wu Q, Wang X, Sun C, Xie Y, Xu B, Wang Z, Qian F, Chen J, Wan Y, Hu W. Allergen-Specific Treg Cells Upregulated by Lung-Stage S. japonicum Infection Alleviates Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678377. [PMID: 34169075 PMCID: PMC8217774 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosoma japonicum infection showed protective effects against allergic airway inflammation (AAI). However, controversial findings exist especially regarding the timing of the helminth infection and the underlying mechanisms. Most previous studies focused on understanding the preventive effect of S. japonicum infection on asthma (infection before allergen sensitization), whereas the protective effects of S. japonicum infection (allergen sensitization before infection) on asthma were rarely investigated. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of S. japonicum infection on AAI using a mouse model of OVA-induced asthma. To explore how the timing of S. japonicum infection influences its protective effect, the mice were percutaneously infected with cercaria of S. japonicum at either 1 day (infection at lung-stage during AAI) or 14 days before ovalbumin (OVA) challenge (infection at post–lung-stage during AAI). We found that lung-stage S. japonicum infection significantly ameliorated OVA-induced AAI, whereas post–lung-stage infection did not. Mechanistically, lung-stage S. japonicum infection significantly upregulated the frequency of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), especially OVA-specific Treg cells, in lung tissue, which negatively correlated with the level of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE). Depletion of Treg cells in vivo partially counteracted the protective effect of lung-stage S. japonicum infection on asthma. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of lung tissue showed that lung-stage S. japonicum infection during AAI shaped the microenvironment to favor Treg induction. In conclusion, our data showed that lung-stage S. japonicum infection could relieve OVA-induced asthma in a mouse model. The protective effect was mediated by the upregulated OVA-specific Treg cells, which suppressed IgE production. Our results may facilitate the discovery of a novel therapy for AAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingkuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China
| | - Chengsong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Abdelaziz MH, Ji X, Wan J, Abouelnazar FA, Abdelwahab SF, Xu H. Mycobacterium-Induced Th1, Helminths-Induced Th2 Cells and the Potential Vaccine Candidates for Allergic Asthma: Imitation of Natural Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696734. [PMID: 34413850 PMCID: PMC8369065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is one of the most chronic pulmonary diseases and major public health problems. In general, asthma prevails in developed countries than developing countries, and its prevalence is increasing in the latter. For instance, the hygiene hypothesis demonstrated that this phenomenon resulted from higher household hygienic standards that decreased the chances of infections, which would subsequently increase the occurrence of allergy. In this review, we attempted to integrate our knowledge with the hygiene hypothesis into beneficial preventive approaches for allergic asthma. Therefore, we highlighted the studies that investigated the correlation between allergic asthma and the two different types of infections that induce the two major antagonizing arms of T cells. This elucidation reflects the association between various types of natural infections and the immune system, which is predicted to support the main objective of the current research on investigating of the benefits of natural infections, regardless their immune pathways for the prevention of allergic asthma. We demonstrated that natural infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) prevents the development of allergic asthma, thus Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is suggested at early age to mediate the same prevention particularly with increasing its efficiency through genetic engineering-based modifications. Likewise, natural helminth infections might inhabit the allergic asthma development. Therefore, helminth-derived proteins at early age are good candidates for designing vaccines for allergic asthma and it requires further investigation. Finally, we recommend imitation of natural infections as a general strategy for preventing allergic asthma that increased dramatically over the past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hamed Abdelaziz
- International Genomics Research Center (IGRC), Institute of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Xiaoyun Ji
- International Genomics Research Center (IGRC), Institute of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jie Wan
- International Genomics Research Center (IGRC), Institute of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fatma A. Abouelnazar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sayed F. Abdelwahab
- Division of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Huaxi Xu, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-7393; Sayed F. Abdelwahab, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9636-7485
| | - Huaxi Xu
- International Genomics Research Center (IGRC), Institute of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huaxi Xu, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-7393; Sayed F. Abdelwahab, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9636-7485
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11
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The Potential Role of Schistosome-Associated Factors as Therapeutic Modulators of the Immune System. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00754-19. [PMID: 32341115 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00754-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasites and eggs of helminths, including schistosomes, are associated with factors that can modulate the nature and outcomes of host immune responses, particularly enhancing type 2 immunity and impairing the effects of type 1 and type 17 immunity. The main species of schistosomes that cause infection in humans are capable of generating a microenvironment that allows survival of the parasite by evasion of the immune response. Schistosome infections are associated with beneficial effects on chronic immune disorders, including allergies, autoimmune diseases, and alloimmune responses. Recently, there has been increasing research interest in the role of schistosomes in immunoregulation during human infection, and the mechanisms underlying these roles continue to be investigated. Further studies may identify potential opportunities to develop new treatments for immune disease. In this review, we provide an update on the advances in our understanding of schistosome-associated modulation of the cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems as well as the potential role of schistosome-associated factors as therapeutic modulators of immune disorders, including allergies, autoimmune diseases, and transplant immunopathology. We also discuss potential opportunities for targeting schistosome-induced immunoregulation for future translation to the clinical setting.
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12
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L S Alves C, F Santiago L, B R Santana M, C P Figueiredo B, B Morais S, C Oliveira S, G C Pacheco L, M Alcantara-Neves N, S Pinheiro C. Immunomodulatory properties of Schistosoma mansoni proteins Sm200 and SmKI-1 in vitro and in a murine model of allergy to the mite Blomia tropicalis. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:91-99. [PMID: 32544656 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases in Brazil is one of the biggest in the world. Among these pathologies, we highlight asthma as one of the most importance. Asthma is characterized as a chronic inflammatory disease of airways, associated with hyperresponsiveness. Many environmental factors can trigger asthma symptoms, among them house dust mites can stimulate hypersensitivity type I reaction. The most common in house dust mite, in tropical countries, are Dermatophagoides pteronysinus and Blomia tropicalis. Several studies have shown that helminths, especially Schistosoma mansoni, lead to reduction of symptoms of atopy and allergic diseases. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the ability of recombinant S. mansoni proteins Sm200, and SmKI-1 to induce immunomodulation in vitro, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from atopic and non-atopic individuals, stimulated or not with B. tropicalis extract, and in vivo, in a murine model of allergy to the mite B. tropicalis. As results, we observed that the fragment called rSm200-3 and the protein rSmKI-1 stood out for their immunomodulatory potential, stimulating IL-10 production by human PBMCs in vitro. When these proteins were associated with B. tropicalis extract, it was observed the reduction of the production of the cytokine IL-5, with a statistically significant difference in non-atopic individual's cells. In vivo, both proteins presented similar results, with a reduction of IL-5 and IL-4 levels in lung homogenates and of serum IgE. SmKI-1 was also able to decrease the levels of EPO in lung homogenates and in BAL. These results showed that both proteins were able to downmodulate Th2 cells on human PBMCs, and in a murine model of allergy. However, SmKI-1 also reduced significantly the levels of EPO in BAL and lungs showing that this protein may be a good candidate to be used as a possible replacement or in conjunction with pharmacotherapy in individuals with unregulated immune response in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camile L S Alves
- Institute of Health Science - ICS, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Santiago
- Institute of Health Science - ICS, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marina B R Santana
- Institute of Health Science - ICS, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Suellen B Morais
- Institute of Biological Science - ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sergio C Oliveira
- Institute of Biological Science - ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luis G C Pacheco
- Institute of Health Science - ICS, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Carina S Pinheiro
- Institute of Health Science - ICS, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
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13
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Maizels RM. Regulation of immunity and allergy by helminth parasites. Allergy 2020; 75:524-534. [PMID: 31187881 DOI: 10.1111/all.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in helminth parasite modulation of the immune system, both from the fundamental perspective of the "arms race" between host and parasite, and equally importantly, to understand if parasites offer new pathways to abate and control untoward immune responses in humans. This article reviews the epidemiological and experimental evidence for parasite down-regulation of host immunity and immunopathology, in allergy and other immune disorders, and recent progress towards defining the mechanisms and molecular mediators which parasites exploit in order to modulate their host. Among these are novel products that interfere with epithelial cell alarmins, dendritic cell activation, macrophage function and T-cell responsiveness through the promotion of an immunoregulatory environment. These modulatory effects assist parasites to establish and survive, while dampening immune reactivity to allergens, autoantigens and microbiome determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick M. Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
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14
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Saltykova IV, Ittiprasert W, Nevskaya KV, Dorofeeva YB, Kirillova NA, Kulikov ES, Ivanov VV, Mann VH, Pershina AG, Brindley PJ. Hemozoin From the Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis felineus, Modulates Dendritic Cell Responses in Bronchial Asthma Patients. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:332. [PMID: 31750318 PMCID: PMC6843058 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: There is a general, inverse relationship between helminth infection and allergic diseases including bronchial asthma (BA). Proteins and other mediators released from parasitic worms exert cogent downmodulation of atopic and other allergic reactivity. We investigated the immune activities of an immortalized murine dendritic cell (mDC) line (JAWSII) and of primary human dendritic cells (hDCs) collected from study participants with and without BA after Opisthorchis felineus hemozoin (OfHz) treatment. Methods and Results:in vitro, expression of lymphocyte-activating factors—T helper 1 (Th1) induction and anti-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-10, and IL-12β–increased significantly in mDCs pulsed with OfHz. In parallel, primary dendritic cells (hDC) from cases clinically diagnosed with BA along with healthy controls were exposed ex vivo to OfHz in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Whereas no significant change in the cellular maturation markers, CD83, CD86, and CD40, was apparent in BA vs. healthy hDC, pulsing hDC from BA with OfHz with LPS induced significant increases in expression of IL-10 and IL-12β, although not of TNF-α or tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Conclusions: Liver fluke hemozoin OfHz stimulated production of Th1 inducer and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-12β from BA-hDC pulsed with OfHz, an outcome that enhances our understanding of the mechanisms whereby opisthorchiasis contributes to protection against the atopic disease in liver fluke infection-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Saltykova
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.,Department of General Practice and Polyclinic Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Wannaporn Ittiprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kseniya V Nevskaya
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yulia B Dorofeeva
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Kirillova
- Department of General Practice and Polyclinic Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy S Kulikov
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Ivanov
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Victoria H Mann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Paul J Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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15
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Zhang W, Li L, Zheng Y, Xue F, Yu M, Ma Y, Dong L, Shan Z, Feng D, Wang T, Wang X. Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1 suppresses airway inflammation of allergic asthma in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7819-7829. [PMID: 31496071 PMCID: PMC6815837 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths and their products can shape immune responses by modulating immune cells, which are dysfunctional in inflammatory diseases such as asthma. We previously identified SJMHE1, a small molecule peptide from the HSP60 protein of Schistosoma japonicum. SJMHE1 can inhibit delayed-type hypersensitivity and collagen-induced arthritis in mice. In the present study, we evaluated this peptide's potential intervention effect and mechanism on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. SJMHE1 treatment suppressed airway inflammation in allergic mice, decreased the infiltrating inflammatory cells in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, modulated the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the splenocytes and lungs of allergic mice, reduced the percentage of Th2 cells and increased the proportion of Th1 and regulatory T cells (Tregs). At the same time, Foxp3 and T-bet expression increased, and GATA3 and RORγt decreased in the lungs of allergic mice. We proved that SJMHE1 can interrupt the development of asthma by diminishing airway inflammation in mice. The down-regulation of Th2 response and the up-regulation of Th1 and Tregs response may contribute to the protection induced by SJMHE1 in allergic mice. SJMHE1 can serve as a novel therapy for asthma and other allergic or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fei Xue
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mengzhu Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongbin Ma
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Neurology Laboratory, Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liyang Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zirui Shan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dingqi Feng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Neurology Laboratory, Jintan Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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16
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Tang CL, Gao YR, Wang LX, Zhu YW, Pan Q, Zhang RH, Xiong Y. Role of regulatory T cells in Schistosoma-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 491:110434. [PMID: 31078638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of T1D in developed societies is partly based on the hygiene hypothesis, that is, the loss of exposure to infectious agents accompanies the loss of immune stimuli shaping the immune system during development. Indeed, the components of parasites, such as Schistosoma, have been reported to ameliorate or prevent the development of T1D, which might be associated with immune cell activity especially that of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Schistosoma infection can lead to the expansion of Treg. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the involvement of Tregs in the response against Schistosoma infection and the mechanism of Schistosoma-associated host protection against T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lian Tang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Yan-Ru Gao
- Medical Department, City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430083, China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhu
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Qun Pan
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Rong-Hui Zhang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
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17
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Abstract
Helminth infections may inhibit the development of allergic diseases, including asthma. On the other hand, some helminth species may induce or worsen symptoms of asthma. This article discusses the impact of helminth infections on asthma as well as the potencial of helminth-derived molecules with regulatory characteristics in the prevention or treatment of this disease. The ability to induce regulation has been observed in animal models of asthma or cells of asthmatic individuals in vitro. Potential future clinical applications of helminth antigens or infection for prevention of asthma merit further translational research.
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18
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Ali Mubaraki M, Ahmad M, Hafiz TA, Marie MA. The therapeutic prospect of crosstalk between prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in the human gut. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:4966977. [PMID: 29796663 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The peaceful phenomenon of the co-evolution between the prokaryotes (microbiota) and the eukaryotes (parasites including protozoa and helminths) in the animal gut has drawn the researchers' attention. Importantly, exploring the potential of helminths for therapeutic uses was one of the reasons behind understanding the physiological and immunological crosstalk existing between them. Here we discuss the interactive immunological associations of helminths and microbial responses individually and in combination with their hosts. Considering that there is probably crosstalk between eukaryotic organisms like helminths and protozoa with their host's gut microbiota, in this review we searched the literature identifying the privileged and favourable relationship generated between them in the host. Understanding the possibilities of the role of helminths along with gut microbiota as a black box would certainly help decode the therapeutic intrusion with helminths in experimental clinical trials, and a successful trial could be used to consider possible future and safe treatments for various immune-inflammatory diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murad Ali Mubaraki
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taghreed A Hafiz
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Marie
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Therapeutic effects of Echinococcus granulosus cystic fluid on allergic airway inflammation. Exp Parasitol 2019; 198:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Resende SD, Magalhães FC, Rodrigues-Oliveira JL, Castro VN, Souza CSA, Oliveira EJ, Carneiro M, Geiger SM, Negrão-Corrêa DA. Modulation of Allergic Reactivity in Humans Is Dependent on Schistosoma mansoni Parasite Burden, Low Levels of IL-33 or TNF-α and High Levels of IL-10 in Serum. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3158. [PMID: 30713536 PMCID: PMC6345678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth infections and allergies are characterized by a predominant type-2 immune response. In schistosomiasis, the Th-2 response is usually accompanied by induction of immunoregulatory mechanisms that contribute to worm survival and less severe schistosomiasis. Although helminth-induced immunomodulatory mechanisms seem to affect atopy, epidemiological studies on the relationship between helminths and allergy have been inconsistent, and data suggest that the modulatory effects may be influenced by helminth species, chronicity of infection, and parasite burden. Here we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the effects of Schistosoma mansoni parasite burden and immune response on allergic reactivity of individuals living in a schistosomiasis endemic area in Brazil. Fecal samples from the participants were collected for extensive parasitological examinations by spontaneous sedimentation, Kato-Katz, Helmintex and Saline Gradient tests and molecular detection of S. mansoni by qPCR. Additionally, the concentrations of cytokines and chemokines, total IgE and IgE-reactivity to common house dust allergens were quantified from serum samples. IgE reactivity to dust allergens was detected in 47 individuals (23.8%), and 140 individuals (54.4%) were diagnosed with S. mansoni infection. Most of the infected population (108 individuals) presented very low parasite burden (≤12 eggs/g of feces). The frequency and intensity (p ≤ 0.03) of allergic reactivity were lower in S. mansoni-infected compared with non-infected individuals. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted by age revealed that allergic reactivity was positively associated with low IL-10 response (OR, 4.55, 95% CI, 0.56–7.36) and high concentration of the inflammatory mediators IL-33 (OR, 2.70, 95% CI, 1.02–7.15) or TNF-α (OR, 6.88, 95% CI, 0.32–143.39) in serum, and inversely associated with S. mansoni infection (OR, 0.38, 95% CI, 0.16–0.87). Most importantly, the logistic regression demonstrated that the modulatory effects of Schistosoma infection depend on parasite burden, with individuals infected with ≤12 eggs/g of feces showing allergic IgE-reactivity similar to non-infected individuals Altogether, our data show that immunomodulation of allergic reactivity depends on S. mansoni burden, low type-2 inflammatory response, and high level of IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira D Resende
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C Magalhães
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa N Castro
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina S A Souza
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Edward J Oliveira
- Schistosomiasis Laboratory, René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Carneiro
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Stefan M Geiger
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Deborah A Negrão-Corrêa
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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21
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The Schistosoma mansoni lipidome: Leads for immunomodulation. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1037:107-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Obieglo K, Schuijs MJ, Ozir-Fazalalikhan A, Otto F, van Wijck Y, Boon L, Lambrecht BN, Taube C, Smits HH. Isolated Schistosoma mansoni eggs prevent allergic airway inflammation. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12579. [PMID: 30107039 PMCID: PMC6175163 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic helminth infection with Schistosoma (S.) mansoni protects against allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in mice and is associated with reduced Th2 responses to inhaled allergens in humans, despite the presence of schistosome‐specific Th2 immunity. Schistosome eggs strongly induce type 2 immunity and allow to study the dynamics of Th2 versus regulatory responses in the absence of worms. Treatment with isolated S. mansoni eggs by i.p. injection prior to induction of AAI to ovalbumin (OVA)/alum led to significantly reduced AAI as assessed by less BAL and lung eosinophilia, less cellular influx into lung tissue, less OVA‐specific Th2 cytokines in lungs and lung‐draining mediastinal lymph nodes and less circulating allergen‐specific IgG1 and IgE antibodies. While OVA‐specific Th2 responses were inhibited, treatment induced a strong systemic Th2 response to the eggs. The protective effect of S. mansoni eggs was unaltered in μMT mice lacking mature (B2) B cells and unaffected by Treg cell depletion using anti‐CD25 blocking antibodies during egg treatment and allergic sensitization. Notably, prophylactic egg treatment resulted in a reduced influx of pro‐inflammatory, monocyte‐derived dendritic cells into lung tissue of allergic mice following challenge. Altogether, S. mansoni eggs can protect against the development of AAI, despite strong egg‐specific Th2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Obieglo
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J Schuijs
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Frank Otto
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yolanda van Wijck
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Taube
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hermelijn H Smits
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Morais SB, Figueiredo BC, Assis NRG, Alvarenga DM, de Magalhães MTQ, Ferreira RS, Vieira AT, Menezes GB, Oliveira SC. Schistosoma mansoni SmKI-1 serine protease inhibitor binds to elastase and impairs neutrophil function and inflammation. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006870. [PMID: 29425229 PMCID: PMC5823468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease inhibitors have important function during homeostasis, inflammation and tissue injury. In this study, we described the role of Schistosoma mansoni SmKI-1 serine protease inhibitor in parasite development and as a molecule capable of regulating different models of inflammatory diseases. First, we determine that recombinant (r) SmKI-1 and its Kunitz domain but not the C-terminal region possess inhibitory activity against trypsin and neutrophil elastase (NE). To better understand the molecular basis of NE inhibition by SmKI-1, molecular docking studies were also conducted. Docking results suggest a complete blockage of NE active site by SmKI-1 Kunitz domain. Additionally, rSmKI-1 markedly inhibited the capacity of NE to kill schistosomes. In order to further investigate the role of SmKI-1 in the parasite, we designed specific siRNA to knockdown SmKI-1 in S. mansoni. SmKI-1 gene suppression in larval stage of S. mansoni robustly impact in parasite development in vitro and in vivo. To determine the ability of SmKI-1 to interfere with neutrophil migration and function, we tested SmKI-1 anti-inflammatory potential in different murine models of inflammatory diseases. Treatment with SmKI-1 rescued acetaminophen (APAP)-mediated liver damage, with a significant reduction in both neutrophil recruitment and elastase activity. In the model of gout arthritis, this protein reduced neutrophil accumulation, IL-1β secretion, hypernociception, and overall pathological score. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of SmKI-1 to inhibit early events that trigger neutrophil recruitment in pleural cavities of mice in response to carrageenan. In conclusion, SmKI-1 is a key protein in S. mansoni survival and it has the ability to inhibit neutrophil function as a promising therapeutic molecule against inflammatory diseases. Schistosoma mansoni is one of the main agents of schistosomiasis, which is the most important human helminthic infection in terms of global morbidity and mortality. Although schistosomiasis represents a major public health problem in endemic countries, evidences show that S. mansoni downregulates inflammatory responses in many diseases. Fortunately, the control of inflammatory responses is extended to pathogen-derived antigens, leading us to study one S. mansoni Kunitz type protease inhibitor (SmKI-1), found in larval and adult phases of the parasite. We demonstrate that SmKI-1 inhibits trypsin and neutrophil elastase (NE). Additionally, live parasites that SmKI-1 gene has been suppressed using siRNA displayed an impaired schistosome development both in vitro and in vivo. Further, we demonstrate that SmKI-1 possesses an anti-inflammatory potential in three different murine models of inflammatory diseases: acetaminophen (APAP)-mediated liver damage, gout arthritis, and pleural inflammation in response to carrageenan. In these inflammatory disease models, we evaluated SmKI-1 effect on neutrophil and our results demonstrate this molecule is able to inhibit neutrophil migration and function, regulating inflammation. Thus, our data suggest that SmKI-1 is a promising therapeutic molecule against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen B. Morais
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Barbara C. Figueiredo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natan R. G. Assis
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Debora M. Alvarenga
- Centro de Biologia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana T. Q. de Magalhães
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S. Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angélica T. Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B. Menezes
- Centro de Biologia Gastrointestinal, Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio C. Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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24
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Schwartz C, Hams E, Fallon PG. Helminth Modulation of Lung Inflammation. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:388-403. [PMID: 29339033 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic helminths must establish chronic infections to complete their life cycle and therefore are potent modulators of multiple facets of host physiology. Parasitic helminths have coevolved with humans to become arguably master selectors of our immune system, whereby they have impacted on the selection of genes with beneficial mutations for both host and parasite. While helminth infections of humans are a significant health burden, studies have shown that helminths or helminth products can alter susceptibility to unrelated infectious or inflammatory diseases. This has generated interest in the use of helminth infections or molecules as therapeutics. In this review, we focus on the impact of helminth infections on pulmonary immunity, especially with regard to homeostatic lung function, pulmonary viral and bacterial (co)infections, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwartz
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Emily Hams
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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25
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Wuhao L, Ran C, Xujin H, Zhongdao W, Dekumyoy P, Zhiyue L. Parasites and asthma. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2373-2383. [PMID: 28689246 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, many studies have found low morbidity of asthma in epidemic areas of parasitic diseases, as shown by the hygiene hypothesis. It is obvious that some parasite infections can prevent asthma and studies have been carried out to clarify the mechanism of the preventive effect and search for the future asthmatic therapies. Previous findings have indicated that this mechanism may be related to the immune response switching from Th1 to Th2 and important cells induced by parasites, including the regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, dendrite cells, and alternatively activated macrophages. Cytokine IL-10 also plays a nonredundant role in protection against allergic airway inflammation in asthma. This review focuses on the relationship between parasites and asthma, and the potential protection mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wuhao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chen Ran
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - He Xujin
- The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wu Zhongdao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Paron Dekumyoy
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Lv Zhiyue
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 2nd Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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26
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Nascimento Santos L, Carvalho Pacheco LG, Silva Pinheiro C, Alcantara-Neves NM. Recombinant proteins of helminths with immunoregulatory properties and their possible therapeutic use. Acta Trop 2017; 166:202-211. [PMID: 27871775 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inverse relationship between helminth infections and the development of immune-mediated diseases is a cornerstone of the hygiene hypothesis and studies were carried out to elucidate the mechanisms by which helminth-derived molecules can suppress immunological disorders. These studies have fostered the idea that parasitic worms may be used as a promising therapeutic alternative for prevention and treatment of immune-mediated diseases. We discuss the current approaches for identification of helminth proteins with potential immunoregulatory properties, including the strategies based on high-throughput technologies. We also explore the methodological approaches and expression systems used for production of the recombinant forms of more than 20 helminth immunomodulatory proteins, besides their performances when evaluated as immunotherapeutic molecules to treat different immune-mediated conditions, including asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of using these parasite-derived recombinant molecules as tools for future immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis of human inflammatory diseases.
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27
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de Almeida TVVS, Fernandes JS, Lopes DM, Andrade LS, Oliveira SC, Carvalho EM, Araujo MI, Cruz ÁA, Cardoso LS. Schistosoma mansoni antigens alter activation markers and cytokine profile in lymphocytes of patients with asthma. Acta Trop 2017; 166:268-279. [PMID: 27931742 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by airway inflammation, obstruction and hyperresponsiveness. Severe asthma affects a small proportion of subjects but results in most of the morbidity, costs and mortality associated with the disease. Studies have suggested that Schistosoma mansoni infection reduces the severity of asthma and prevent atopy. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the ability of S. mansoni antigens, Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 to modulate lymphocyte activation status in response to the allergen of the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p1) in cell cultures of individuals with asthma. METHODS Thirty four patients were enrolled in this study: seventeen patients with severe asthma (SA group), seventeen patients with mild asthma (MA group) and six controls with no asthma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were obtained and stimulated with Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 in the presence or absence of Der p1. The expression of surface markers and cytokines on lymphocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry and the levels of IL-10 in the culture supernatant were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The addition of Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 antigens to PBMC cultures from both groups of subjects with asthma stimulated with Der p1 reduced the frequency of CD4+CD25low cells whereas and increased frequency of CD4+CD25high population was observed compared to unstimulated cultures. Moreover, cultures stimulated with Sm29TSP-2 showed a reduction in the frequency of T cells expressing CD69, IFN-γ, TNF and TGF-β in the MA group and an increase in the frequency of CD4+TSLPR+ T cells in the SA group. The addition of Sm29 to the cultures reduced the frequency of CD4+CD69+ and CD4+IL-5+ T cells in all asthmatic groups, and reduced the frequency of CD4+ T cells expressing IL-13 in the MA group. The cultures stimulated with Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 showed an increase in the level of IL-10 in the supernatants. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the addition of Sm29 and Sm29TSP-2 to the cells cultures from subjects with asthma reduced cell activation markers and altered the cytokine production pattern in a way that can potentialy control the inflammatory response associated with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamille Souza Fernandes
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego Mota Lopes
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lorena Santana Andrade
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Costa Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerias, Brazil
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Maria Ilma Araujo
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Escola Baiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Álvaro A Cruz
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; ProAR-Núcleo de Excelência em Asma, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos Cardoso
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT/CNPq), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFBA, Brazil.
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28
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Sotillo J, Doolan D, Loukas A. Recent advances in proteomic applications for schistosomiasis research: potential clinical impact. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 14:171-183. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1271327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sotillo
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Denise Doolan
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
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29
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Oliveira SC, Figueiredo BC, Cardoso LS, Carvalho EM. A double edged sword: Schistosoma mansoni Sm29 regulates both Th1 and Th2 responses in inflammatory mucosal diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:1366-1371. [PMID: 27554296 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio C Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Barbara C Figueiredo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Cardoso
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Edgar M Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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30
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Schistosome-Derived Molecules as Modulating Actors of the Immune System and Promising Candidates to Treat Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5267485. [PMID: 27635405 PMCID: PMC5011209 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5267485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is long known that some parasite infections are able to modulate specific pathways of host's metabolism and immune responses. This modulation is not only important in order to understand the host-pathogen interactions and to develop treatments against the parasites themselves but also important in the development of treatments against autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Throughout the life cycle of schistosomes the mammalian hosts are exposed to several biomolecules that are excreted/secreted from the parasite infective stage, named cercariae, from their tegument, present in adult and larval stages, and finally from their eggs. These molecules can induce the activation and modulation of innate and adaptive responses as well as enabling the evasion of the parasite from host defense mechanisms. Immunomodulatory effects of helminth infections and egg molecules are clear, as well as their ability to downregulate proinflammatory cytokines, upregulate anti-inflammatory cytokines, and drive a Th2 type of immune response. We believe that schistosomes can be used as a model to understand the potential applications of helminths and helminth-derived molecules against autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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31
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Marinho FV, Alves CC, de Souza SC, da Silva CMG, Cassali GD, Oliveira SC, Pacifico LGG, Fonseca CT. Schistosoma mansoni Tegument (Smteg) Induces IL-10 and Modulates Experimental Airway Inflammation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160118. [PMID: 27454771 PMCID: PMC4959726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that S. mansoni infection and inoculation of the parasite eggs and antigens are able to modulate airways inflammation induced by OVA in mice. This modulation was associated to an enhanced production of interleukin-10 and to an increased number of regulatory T cells. The S. mansoni schistosomulum is the first stage to come into contact with the host immune system and its tegument represents the host-parasite interface. The schistosomula tegument (Smteg) has never been studied in the context of modulation of inflammatory disorders, although immune evasion mechanisms take place in this phase of infection to guarantee the persistence of the parasite in the host. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The aim of this study was to evaluate the Smteg ability to modulate inflammation in an experimental airway inflammation model induced by OVA and to characterize the immune factors involved in this modulation. To achieve the objective, BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged with OVA aerosol after Smteg intraperitoneal inoculation. Protein extravasation and inflammatory cells were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage and IgE levels were measured in serum. Additionally, lungs were excised for histopathological analyses, cytokine measurement and characterization of the cell populations. Inoculation with Smteg led to a reduction in the protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and eosinophils in both BAL and lung tissue. In the lung tissue there was a reduction in inflammatory cells and collagen deposition as well as in IL-5, IL-13, IL-25 and CCL11 levels. Additionally, a decrease in specific anti-OVA IgE levels was observed. The reduction observed in these inflammatory parameters was associated with increased levels of IL-10 in lung tissues. Furthermore, Smteg/asthma mice showed high percentage of CD11b+F4/80+IL-10+ and CD11c+CD11b+IL-10+ cells in lungs. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings demonstrate that S. mansoni schistosomula tegument can modulates experimental airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Vitarelli Marinho
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Clarice Carvalho Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Sara C. de Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Cintia M. G. da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Geovanni D. Cassali
- Laboratório de Patologia, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Sergio C. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), CNPq MCT, Salvador-BA, Brazil
| | - Lucila G. G. Pacifico
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Cristina T. Fonseca
- Laboratório de Biologia e Imunologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), CNPq MCT, Salvador-BA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Oliveira FM, Coelho IEV, Lopes MD, Taranto AG, Junior MC, Santos LLD, Villar JAPF, Fonseca CT, Lopes DDO. The Use of Reverse Vaccinology and Molecular Modeling Associated with Cell Proliferation Stimulation Approach to Select Promiscuous Epitopes from Schistosoma mansoni. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:1023-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Heat Shock Protein 60 in Eggs Specifically Induces Tregs and Reduces Liver Immunopathology in Mice with Schistosomiasis Japonica. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139133. [PMID: 26418003 PMCID: PMC4587937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parasitic helminths need to suppress the host immune system to establish chronic infections. Paradoxically, immunosuppression induced by the worm also benefits the host by limiting excessive inflammation and tissue damage, which remains the major cause leading to serious morbidity and mortality. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key immune regulators of this mutualism. The successive rise in Tregs during schistosome infection plays a critical role in immunoregulation. We and others previously showed that Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) egg antigens (SEA) induce Tregs both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we identified that SjHSP60 derived from SEA significantly induces Tregs in vivo and in vitro. However, the contribution of SjHSP60 in SEA to Treg induction and the related mechanisms of the Treg induction have not yet been identified. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we showed that S. japonicum stress protein HSP60 (SjHSP60) was constitutively and extensively expressed in eggs of S. japonicum. SjHSP60 specially induced Tregs in vivo and in vitro without inducing other CD4+ T sub-populations including Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells. Furthermore, we showed that the SjHSP60-depleted SEA almost lost the ability in vitro and displayed a significant impaired ability to induce Tregs in vivo. Finally, our study illustrated that the mechanisms of SjHSP60-mediated induction of Tregs are through both conversion of CD4+CD25- T cells into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs and expansion of preexisting CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in a TLR4-dependent manner. Conclusions/Significance Collectively, our findings identify SjHSP60 as a major parasitic contributor of Treg induction in S. japonicum egg antigens, which not only contributes to the better understanding of the mechanism of immunoregulation during helminth infection, but also suggests its potential as a therapeutic target for control of immunopathology, allergic and autoimmune diseases.
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Oliveira SMD, Bezerra FSDM, Carneiro TR, Pinheiro MCC, Queiroz JAN. Association between allergic responses and Schistosoma mansoni infection in residents in a low-endemic setting in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 47:770-4. [PMID: 25626657 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0249-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schistosomiasis is endemic in 76 countries and territories. Several studies have found an inverse correlation between parasitic disease and the development of allergies. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether infection with Schistosoma mansoni in subjects with a low parasite load is protective against allergy. The final sample consisted of 39 S. mansoni-positive and 52 S. mansoni-negative residents of a small community in northeastern Brazil. METHODS All subjects were submitted to the Kato-Katz test, anti-S. mansoni IgG measurement, the prick test for aeroallergens, eosinophil counts and serum IgE measurement. RESULTS Subjects who reacted to one or more antigens in the prick test were considered allergic. Only 7 S. mansoni-positive subjects (17.9%) reacted to one or more antigens, whereas 20 S. mansoni-negative subjects (38.5%) tested positive for allergy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that, in areas of low endemicity, infection with S. mansoni significantly reduces the risk of the development of allergy in subjects with a low parasite load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Menezes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Neves LX, Sanson AL, Wilson RA, Castro-Borges W. What's in SWAP? Abundance of the principal constituents in a soluble extract of Schistosoma mansoni revealed by shotgun proteomics. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:337. [PMID: 26088647 PMCID: PMC4484702 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The soluble antigen preparation of adult schistosomes (SWAP) has often been used to probe host responses against these blood-dwelling parasites. Despite its long-established use there is limited knowledge about its composition. The information we provide here on the molecular composition of SWAP may contribute as a guide for a rational selection of antigenic targets. Methods Label-free quantitative shotgun proteomics was employed to determine the composition and abundance of SWAP constituents. Briefly, paired adult Schistosoma mansoni worms were sonicated in PBS pH 7.2 and ultracentrifuged for recovery of the soluble supernatant. An aliquot was subjected to trypsin digestion. Resulting peptides were separated under ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and analysed using an orbitrap mass spectrometer. Spectral data were interrogated using SequestHT against an in-house S. mansoni database. Proteins were quantified by recording the mean area under curve obtained for up to three most intense detected peptides. Proteins within the 90th percentile of the total SWAP mass were categorized according to their sub-cellular/tissue location. Results In this work we expanded significantly the list of known SWAP constituents. Through application of stringent criteria, a total of 633 proteins were quantitatively identified. Only 18 proteins account to 50 % of the total SWAP mass as revealed by their cumulative abundance. Among them, none is predicted as a secreted molecule reinforcing the point that SWAP is dominated by cytosolic and cytoskeletal proteins. In contrast, only 3 % of the mass comprised proteins proposed to function at the host-parasite interfaces (tegument and gut), which could conceivably represent vulnerable targets of a protective immune response. Paradoxically, at least 11 SWAP proteins, comprising ~25 % of its mass, have been tested as vaccine candidates. Conclusions Our data suggest that use of SWAP to probe host responses has greatest value for diagnostic purposes or assessing intensity of infection. However, the preparation is of limited utility as an antigen source for investigating host responses to proteins expressed at or secreted from worm-host interfaces. The data also pose the question as to why vaccination with SWAP, containing so many proposed vaccine candidates, has no additive or even synergistic effects on the induction of protection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0943-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Xavier Neves
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Proteômica, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ananda Lima Sanson
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Proteômica, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - R Alan Wilson
- Centre for Immunology & Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, PO Box 373, York, YO10 5YW, UK.
| | - William Castro-Borges
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Proteômica, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Siles-Lucas M, Morchon R, Simon F, Manzano-Roman R. Exosome-transported microRNAs of helminth origin: new tools for allergic and autoimmune diseases therapy? Parasite Immunol 2015; 37:208-14. [PMID: 25712154 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases associated with inflammation show fast annual increase in their incidence. This has been associated with excessive hygiene habits that limit contacts between the immune system and helminth parasites. Helminthic infections induce regulation and expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg) leading to atypical Th2 type immune responses, with downregulation of the inflammatory component usually associated with these type of responses. Many cells, including those of the immune system, produce extracellular vesicles called exosomes which mediate either immune stimulation (DCs) or immune modulation (T cells). The transfer of miRNAs contained in T-cell exosomes has been shown to contribute to downregulate the production of inflammatory mediators. It has been recently described the delivery to the host-parasite interface of exosomes containing miRNAs by helminths and its internalization by host cells. In this sense, helminth microRNAs transported in exosomes and internalized by immune host cells exert an important role in the expansion of Treg cells, resulting in the control of inflammation. We here provide relevant information obtained in the field of exosomes, cell-cell communication and miRNAs, showing the high potential of helminth miRNAs delivered in exosomes to host cells as new therapeutic tools against diseases associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Siles-Lucas
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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Wang H, Li J, Pu H, Hasan B, Ma J, Jones MK, Zheng K, Zhang X, Ma H, McManus DP, Lin R, Wen H, Zhang W. Echinococcus granulosus infection reduces airway inflammation of mice likely through enhancing IL-10 and down-regulation of IL-5 and IL-17A. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:522. [PMID: 25409540 PMCID: PMC4256745 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a near cosmopolitan zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the dog tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. E. granulosus infection induces a polarized T-helper type 2 (Th2) systematic immune response in its intermediate hosts. However, it is not known whether the infection modulates lung inflammation by regulating local immune response. In this study, we examined the effects of E. granulosus infection on mouse ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. METHODS BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally transplanted with 50 small E. granulosus cysts cultured in vitro. At 3 months post-inoculation, the mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). For histopathological studies, hematoxylin eosin and periodic acid schiff staining was used to examine the inflammatory cells infiltration and goblet cells hyperplasia, respectively. Cytokine levels were measured by mouse cytometric bead array (CBA) Kit and quantitative RT-PCR and other molecular biological approaches. Airway hyperresponsiveness was assessed in response to increasing doses of methacholine. Serum immunoglobulins were determined by ELISA. RESULTS E. granulosus infection significantly increased Th2 and Treg cytokine levels in serum and lung tissues, but down-regulated the expression of IL-5 in the lungs and IL-17A in serum and lung tissues of asthmatic mice sensitized and challenged with OVA. Histological staining of lung tissues showed that E. granulosus infection significantly reduced the severity of OVA-induced airway inflammation including reduction of eosinophil cell infiltration and mucus production. The E. granulosus infection also reduced eosinophil accumulation induced by OVA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and also ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness, a hallmark symptom of asthma. CONCLUSIONS E. granulosus infection remarkably reduces the severity of OVA-induced airway inflammation likely through enhancing IL-10 and down-regulation of IL-5 and IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China. .,Department of Immunology, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Hongwei Pu
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
| | - Bilal Hasan
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology and Pathology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated with Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health statistics, School of Public Health Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
| | - Malcolm K Jones
- School of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Warrego Highway, Gatton, Qld, 4343, Australia.
| | - Kan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
| | - Haimei Ma
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Renyong Lin
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
| | - Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Xinjiang Major Diseases Research, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China.
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Weinstock JV, Elliott DE. Helminth infections decrease host susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3239-47. [PMID: 25240019 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Helminthic infection has become rare in highly industrialized nations. Concurrent with the decline in helminthic infection has been an increase in the prevalence of inflammatory disease. Removal of helminths from our environment and their powerful effects on host immunity may have contributed to this increase. Several helminth species can abrogate disease in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and other conditions. Helminths evoke immune regulatory pathways often involving dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, and macrophages that help to control disease. Cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β, have a role. Notable is the helminthic modulatory effect on innate immunity, which impedes development of aberrant adaptive immunity. Investigators are identifying key helminth-derived immune modulatory molecules that may have therapeutic usefulness in the control of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel V Weinstock
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111; and
| | - David E Elliott
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Dendritic cell profile induced by Schistosoma mansoni antigen in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:743069. [PMID: 25309922 PMCID: PMC4182898 DOI: 10.1155/2014/743069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), although responsible for controlling the infection, is associated with the pathogenesis of disease. Conversely, the immune response induced by S. mansoni antigens is able to prevent immune-mediated diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the S. mansoni Sm29 antigen to change the profile of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) from subjects with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in vitro. Monocytes derived from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of twelve patients were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for differentiation into dendritic cells and then stimulated with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) in the presence or absence of Sm29 antigen. The expression of surface molecules associated with maturation and activation (HLA-DR, CD40, CD83, CD80, and CD86), inflammation (IL-12, TNF), and downregulation (IL-10, IL-10R) was evaluated using flow cytometry. We observed that the frequencies of HLA-DR, CD83, CD80, and CD86 as well as of IL-10 and IL-10R on MoDCs were higher in cultures stimulated with Sm29, compared to the unstimulated cell cultures. Our results indicate that the Sm29 antigen is able to activate regulatory MoDCs in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. It might be useful to control the inflammatory process associated with this disease.
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Evans H, Mitre E. Worms as therapeutic agents for allergy and asthma: understanding why benefits in animal studies have not translated into clinical success. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:343-53. [PMID: 25174866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Helminth infections are associated with decreased rates of autoimmunity and allergy, and several clinical studies have demonstrated that intentional infection with helminths can reduce symptoms of autoimmune diseases. In contrast, though numerous animal studies have demonstrated that helminth infections ameliorate allergic diseases, clinical trials in humans have not shown benefit. In this article, we review in detail the 2 human studies that have prospectively tested whether helminth infections protect against allergy. We next review the research designs and results obtained from animal studies, and compare these to the human trials. We then postulate possible reasons for the lack of efficacy observed in clinical trials to date and discuss potential future areas of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Md.
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Obieglo K, van Wijck Y, de Kleijn S, Smits HH, Taube C. Microorganism-induced suppression of allergic airway disease: novel therapies on the horizon? Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 8:717-30. [PMID: 25138640 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2014.949244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Allergic airway disease is a major global health burden, and novel treatment options are urgently needed. Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that certain helminths and bacteria protect against respiratory allergies. These microorganisms are strong regulators of the immune system, and various potential regulatory mechanisms by which they protect against allergic airway inflammation have been proposed. Whereas early studies addressed the beneficial effect of natural infections, the focus now shifts toward identifying the dominant protective molecules and exploring their efficacy in models of allergic airway disease. In this article, we will review the evidence for microbe-mediated protection from allergic airway disease, the potential modes of action involved and discuss advances as well as limitations in the translation of this knowledge into novel treatment strategies against allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Obieglo
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Blankenhaus B, Reitz M, Brenz Y, Eschbach ML, Hartmann W, Haben I, Sparwasser T, Huehn J, Kühl A, Feyerabend TB, Rodewald HR, Breloer M. Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells delay expulsion of intestinal nematodes by suppression of IL-9-driven mast cell activation in BALB/c but not in C57BL/6 mice. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1003913. [PMID: 24516385 PMCID: PMC3916398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-9-mediated immunity plays a fundamental role in control of intestinal nematode infection. Here we report a different impact of Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) in nematode-induced evasion of IL-9-mediated immunity in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Infection with Strongyloides ratti induced Treg expansion with similar kinetics and phenotype in both strains. Strikingly, Treg depletion reduced parasite burden selectively in BALB/c but not in C57BL/6 mice. Treg function was apparent in both strains as Treg depletion increased nematode-specific humoral and cellular Th2 response in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice to the same extent. Improved resistance in Treg-depleted BALB/c mice was accompanied by increased production of IL-9 and accelerated degranulation of mast cells. In contrast, IL-9 production was not significantly elevated and kinetics of mast cell degranulation were unaffected by Treg depletion in C57BL/6 mice. By in vivo neutralization, we demonstrate that increased IL-9 production during the first days of infection caused accelerated mast cell degranulation and rapid expulsion of S. ratti adults from the small intestine of Treg-depleted BALB/c mice. In genetically mast cell-deficient (Cpa3-Cre) BALB/c mice, Treg depletion still resulted in increased IL-9 production but resistance to S. ratti infection was lost, suggesting that IL-9-driven mast cell activation mediated accelerated expulsion of S. ratti in Treg-depleted BALB/c mice. This IL-9-driven mast cell degranulation is a central mechanism of S. ratti expulsion in both, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, because IL-9 injection reduced and IL-9 neutralization increased parasite burden in the presence of Treg in both strains. Therefore our results suggest that Foxp3⁺ Treg suppress sufficient IL-9 production for subsequent mast cell degranulation during S. ratti infection in a non-redundant manner in BALB/c mice, whereas additional regulatory pathways are functional in Treg-depleted C57BL/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Reitz
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yannick Brenz
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Hartmann
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Irma Haben
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig and the Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anja Kühl
- Medizinische Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Infektiologie und Rheumatologie, Charité-Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division for Cellular Immunology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Minka Breloer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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du Plessis N, Walzl G. Helminth-M. tb co-infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 828:49-74. [PMID: 25253027 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1489-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelita du Plessis
- Biomedical Sciences, Division Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, DST/NRF, Centre of Excellence in Biomedical TB Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa,
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Campolina SS, Araujo MSS, Rezende TMRL, Matoso L, Quites HFO, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA, Gazzinelli A, Correa-Oliveira R. Effective anthelmintic therapy of residents living in endemic area of high prevalence for Hookworm and Schistosoma mansoni infections enhances the levels of allergy risk factor anti-Der p1 IgE. RESULTS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 5:6-12. [PMID: 25905031 PMCID: PMC4404415 DOI: 10.1016/j.rinim.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work were investigated the relationship between Hookworm/Schistosoma mansoni infections and allergy related risk factors in two endemic areas with distinct prevalence of infections and co-infection. The intensity of infections, eosinophilia, allergy risk factors, infections status and anti-Der p1 IgE levels before and 2 years (population 1) and 3 years (population 2) after anthelmintic treatment, were evaluated. It was observed that the population with lower prevalence and intensity of infection (population 2) had lower eosinophils counts (>600/mm3) and higher animal contact than the population with higher parasites intensity (population 1). After anthelmintic treatment the intensity of S. mansoni single infection decreased, but no changes were observed in Hookworm and co-infected individuals. The anthelmintic treatment also enhanced anti-Der p1 IgE optical density in ELISA on the subgroups that became negative for helminth infection regardless of their previous infection condition in population 1. Facing that, we evaluated the anti-Der p1 IgE reactivity index, and the ratio (after/before treatment) was significantly higher in patients co-infected before treatment. On the other hand, no association between anti-Der p1 IgE reactivity index and the intensity of infections were observed. In conclusion, effective anthelmintic therapy of subjects from endemic areas with high prevalence of Hookworm and S. mansoni infections enhances anti-Der p1 IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina S Campolina
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcio S S Araujo
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tércia M R L Rezende
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Matoso
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Humberto F O Quites
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Olindo A Martins-Filho
- Laboratório de Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Gazzinelli
- Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil ; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Thorburn AN, Brown AC, Nair PM, Chevalier N, Foster PS, Gibson PG, Hansbro PM. Pneumococcal components induce regulatory T cells that attenuate the development of allergic airways disease by deviating and suppressing the immune response to allergen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4112-20. [PMID: 24048894 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to suppress aberrant inflammation and immunity has potential as a therapeutic strategy for asthma. Recently, we identified key immunoregulatory components of Streptococcus pneumoniae, type 3 polysaccharide and pneumolysoid (T+P), which suppress allergic airways disease (AAD) in mouse models of asthma. To elucidate the mechanisms of suppression, we have now performed a thorough examination of the role of Tregs. BALB/c mice were sensitized to OVA (day 0) i.p. and challenged intranasal (12-15 d later) to induce AAD. T+P was administered intratracheally at the time of sensitization in three doses (0, 12, and 24 h). T+P treatment induced an early (36 h-4 d) expansion of Tregs in the mediastinal lymph nodes, and later (12-16 d) increases in these cells in the lungs, compared with untreated allergic controls. Anti-CD25 treatment showed that Treg-priming events involving CD25, CCR7, IL-2, and TGF-β were required for the suppression of AAD. During AAD, T+P-induced Tregs in the lungs displayed a highly suppressive phenotype and had an increased functional capacity. T+P also blocked the induction of IL-6 to prevent the Th17 response, attenuated the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86 on myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), and reduced the number of DCs carrying OVA in the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes. Therefore, bacterial components (T+P) drive the differentiation of highly suppressive Tregs, which suppress the Th2 response, prevent the Th17 response and disable the DC response resulting in the effective suppression of AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison N Thorburn
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2300, Australia
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Layland LE, Straubinger K, Ritter M, Loffredo-Verde E, Garn H, Sparwasser T, Prazeres da Costa C. Schistosoma mansoni-mediated suppression of allergic airway inflammation requires patency and Foxp3+ Treg cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2379. [PMID: 23967364 PMCID: PMC3744427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The continual rise of asthma in industrialised countries stands in strong contrast to the situation in developing lands. According to the modified Hygiene Hypothesis, helminths play a major role in suppressing bystander immune responses to allergens, and both epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that the tropical parasitic trematode Schistosoma mansoni elicits such effects. The focus of this study was to investigate which developmental stages of schistosome infection confer suppression of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) using ovalbumin (OVA) as a model allergen. Moreover, we assessed the functional role and localization of infection-induced CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in mediating such suppressive effects. Therefore, AAI was elicited using OVA/adjuvant sensitizations with subsequent OVA aerosolic challenge and was induced during various stages of infection, as well as after successful anti-helminthic treatment with praziquantel. The role of Treg was determined by specifically depleting Treg in a genetically modified mouse model (DEREG) during schistosome infection. Alterations in AAI were determined by cell infiltration levels into the bronchial system, OVA-specific IgE and Th2 type responses, airway hyper-sensitivity and lung pathology. Our results demonstrate that schistosome infection leads to a suppression of OVA-induced AAI when mice are challenged during the patent phase of infection: production of eggs by fecund female worms. Moreover, this ameliorating effect does not persist after anti-helminthic treatment, and depletion of Treg reverts suppression, resulting in aggravated AAI responses. This is most likely due to a delayed reconstitution of Treg in infected-depleted animals which have strong ongoing immune responses. In summary, we conclude that schistosome-mediated suppression of AAI requires the presence of viable eggs and infection-driven Treg cells. These data provide evidence that helminth derived products could be incorporated into treatment strategies that specifically target suppression of immune responses in AAI by inducing Treg cells. Infections with schistosomes, such as S. mansoni, S. japonicum and S. haematobium, are considered a major public health concern. Morbidity arises through granulomatous responses to eggs that become trapped in infected tissues. Interestingly, schistosomes belong to the group of helminths that have been shown to reduce allergy or autoimmunity. Indeed, the evidence provided by epidemiological surveys and experimental animal models has been so overwhelming that such helminths are now included in the Hygiene Hypothesis. However, since helminths provoke immunological responses that are similar to those seen in allergy (increased eosinophilia and IgE) it is suggested that additional mechanisms dampen such allergic responses. Helminth-induced regulatory T cells (Treg) are considered a component of these modulatory networks. Using an allergic airway inflammation model, we have elucidated that schistosome-mediated protection requires patency, that is, active egg production from fecund female worms. In addition, protection was shown to be mediated by infection-induced Treg. Interestingly, in endemic countries it is usually individuals with strong patent infections that show reduced allergic prevalence. Thus, further research into the immunomodulatory capacity of schistosome-egg derived factors may elucidate novel drug candidates or enhance treatment strategies to reduce allergic responses on the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Layland
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (MIH), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Straubinger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (MIH), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (MIH), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Loffredo-Verde
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (MIH), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institut für Infektionsimmunologie TWINCORE - Zentrum für Experimentelle und Klinische Infektionsforschung GmbH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene (MIH), Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Aranzamendi C, de Bruin A, Kuiper R, Boog CJP, van Eden W, Rutten V, Pinelli E. Protection against allergic airway inflammation during the chronic and acute phases of Trichinella spiralis infection. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:103-15. [PMID: 23278885 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulation of the host immune response by helminths has been reported to be essential for parasite survival and also to benefit the host by suppressing inflammatory diseases such as allergies. We have previously shown that excretory-secretory products of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae have immunomodulatory properties and induce in vitro the expansion of CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) Treg cells in a TGF-β-dependent manner. OBJECTIVE We aimed at determining the effect of the acute (intestinal) and the chronic (muscle) phase of T. spiralis infection on experimental allergic airway inflammation (EAAI) to Ovalbumin (OVA) and the involvement of Treg cells. METHODS The chronic phase was established before OVA-sensitization/challenge and the acute phase at two-time points, before and after OVA-sensitization. Mice were infected with 400 T. spiralis larvae and after euthanasia different pathological features of EAAI were measured. Adoptive transfer of CD4(+) T cells from Trichinella infected mice to OVA sensitized/challenged recipients was also performed. RESULTS We found that the chronic as well as the acute phase of Trichinella infection suppress EAAI as indicated by reduction in airway inflammation, OVA-specific IgE levels in sera, Th2-cytokine production and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage. This protective effect was found to be stronger during the chronic phase and to be associated with increased numbers of splenic CD4(+) CD25(+) FOXP3(+) Treg cells with suppressive activity. Adoptive transfer of splenic CD4(+) T cells from chronically infected mice with elevated numbers of Treg cells resulted in partial protection against EAAI. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results demonstrate that the protective effect of T. spiralis on EAAI increases as infection progresses from the acute to the chronic phase. Here, Treg cells may play an essential role in the suppression of EAAI. Elucidating the mechanisms and molecular helminth structures responsible for this regulatory process is relevant to develop alternative tools for preventing or treating allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aranzamendi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Role of arginase 1 from myeloid cells in th2-dominated lung inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61961. [PMID: 23637937 PMCID: PMC3634833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Th2-driven lung inflammation increases Arginase 1 (Arg1) expression in alternatively-activated macrophages (AAMs). AAMs modulate T cell and wound healing responses and Arg1 might contribute to asthma pathogenesis by inhibiting nitric oxide production, regulating fibrosis, modulating arginine metabolism and restricting T cell proliferation. We used mice lacking Arg1 in myeloid cells to investigate the contribution of Arg1 to lung inflammation and pathophysiology. In six model systems encompassing acute and chronic Th2-mediated lung inflammation we observed neither a pathogenic nor protective role for myeloid-expressed Arg1. The number and composition of inflammatory cells in the airways and lungs, mucus secretion, collagen deposition, airway hyper-responsiveness, and T cell cytokine production were not altered if AAMs were deficient in Arg1 or simultaneously in both Arg1 and NOS2. Our results argue that Arg1 is a general feature of alternative activation but only selectively regulates Th2 responses. Therefore, attempts to experimentally or therapeutically inhibit arginase activity in the lung should be examined with caution.
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Lundy SK, Lukacs NW. Chronic schistosome infection leads to modulation of granuloma formation and systemic immune suppression. Front Immunol 2013; 4:39. [PMID: 23429492 PMCID: PMC3576626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosome worms have been infecting humans for millennia, but it is only in the last half century that we have begun to understand the complexities of this inter-relationship. As our sophistication about the inner workings of every aspect of the immune system has increased, it has also become obvious that schistosome infections have broad ranging effects on nearly all of the innate and adaptive immune response mechanisms. Selective pressures on both the worms and their hosts, has no doubt led to co-evolution of protective mechanisms, particularly those that favor granuloma formation around schistosome eggs and immune suppression during chronic infection. The immune modulatory effects that chronic schistosome infection and egg deposition elicit have been intensely studied, not only because of their major implications to public health issues, but also due to the emerging evidence that schistosome infection may protect humans from severe allergies and autoimmunity. Mouse models of schistosome infection have been extremely valuable for studying immune modulation and regulation, and in the discovery of novel aspects of immunity. A progression of immune reactions occurs during granuloma formation ranging from innate inflammation, to activation of each branch of adaptive immune response, and culminating in systemic immune suppression and granuloma fibrosis. Although molecular factors from schistosome eggs have been identified as mediators of immune modulation and suppressive functions of T and B cells, much work is still needed to define the mechanisms of the immune alteration and determine whether therapies for asthma or autoimmunity could be developed from these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K Lundy
- Graduate Training Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Helminths: Immunoregulation and Inflammatory Diseases-Which Side Are Trichinella spp. and Toxocara spp. on? J Parasitol Res 2013; 2013:329438. [PMID: 23365718 PMCID: PMC3556843 DOI: 10.1155/2013/329438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropathogens, such as multicellular helminths, are considered masters of immunoregulation due to their ability to escape host defense and establish chronic infections. Molecular crosstalk between the host and the parasite starts immediately after their encounter, which influences the course and development of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. Helminths can modulate dendritic cells (DCs) function and induce immunosuppression which is mediated by a regulatory network that includes regulatory T (Treg) cells, regulatory B (Breg) cells, and alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). In this way, helminths suppress and control both parasite-specific and unrelated immunopathology in the host such as Th1-mediated autoimmune and Th2-mediated allergic diseases. However, certain helminths favour the development or exacerbation of allergic responses. In this paper, the cell types that play an essential role in helminth-induced immunoregulation, the consequences for inflammatory diseases, and the contrasting effects of Toxocara and Trichinella infection on allergic manifestations are discussed.
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