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Dehghan Z, Mirmotalebisohi SA, Mozafar M, Sameni M, Saberi F, Derakhshanfar A, Moaedi J, Zohrevand H, Zali H. Deciphering the similarities and disparities of molecular mechanisms behind respiratory epithelium response to HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 and drug repurposing, a systems biology approach. Daru 2024; 32:215-235. [PMID: 38652363 PMCID: PMC11087451 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-024-00507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Identifying the molecular mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2 disparities and similarities will help find new treatments. The present study determines networks' shared and non-shared (specific) crucial elements in response to HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 viruses to recommend candidate medications. METHODS We retrieved the omics data on respiratory cells infected with HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2, constructed PPIN and GRN, and detected clusters and motifs. Using a drug-gene interaction network, we determined the similarities and disparities of mechanisms behind their host response and drug-repurposed. RESULTS CXCL1, KLHL21, SMAD3, HIF1A, and STAT1 were the shared DEGs between both viruses' protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) and gene regulatory network (GRN). The NPM1 was a specific critical node for HCoV-229E and was a Hub-Bottleneck shared between PPI and GRN in HCoV-229E. The HLA-F, ADCY5, TRIM14, RPF1, and FGA were the seed proteins in subnetworks of the SARS-CoV-2 PPI network, and HSPA1A and RPL26 proteins were the seed in subnetworks of the PPI network of HCOV-229E. TRIM14, STAT2, and HLA-F played the same role for SARS-CoV-2. Top enriched KEGG pathways included cell cycle and proteasome in HCoV-229E and RIG-I-like receptor, Chemokine, Cytokine-cytokine, NOD-like receptor, and TNF signaling pathways in SARS-CoV-2. We suggest some candidate medications for COVID-19 patient lungs, including Noscapine, Isoetharine mesylate, Cycloserine, Ethamsylate, Cetylpyridinium, Tretinoin, Ixazomib, Vorinostat, Venetoclax, Vorinostat, Ixazomib, Venetoclax, and epoetin alfa for further in-vitro and in-vivo investigations. CONCLUSION We suggested CXCL1, KLHL21, SMAD3, HIF1A, and STAT1, ADCY5, TRIM14, RPF1, and FGA, STAT2, and HLA-F as critical genes and Cetylpyridinium, Cycloserine, Noscapine, Ethamsylate, Epoetin alfa, Isoetharine mesylate, Ribavirin, and Tretinoin drugs to study further their importance in treating COVID-19 lung complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Dehghan
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Mirmotalebisohi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mozafar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sameni
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Saberi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Derakhshanfar
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Javad Moaedi
- Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Zohrevand
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Quoc QL, Kim Y, Park G, Cao TBT, Choi Y, Park YH, Park HS. Downregulation of otulin induces inflammasome activation in neutrophilic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00337-3. [PMID: 38599290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophilic asthma (NA) is a severe asthma phenotype associated with steroid resistance and IL-1β overproduction; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Moreover, the dysfunction of TNF-α signaling pathway, a regulator of IL-1β production, was associated with the deficiency of ovarian tumor protease deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity (otulin) in autoimmune patients. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that otulin downregulation in macrophages (Mφ) could trigger Mφ activation via the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway. METHODS We assessed the expressions of otulin in blood monocyte subsets from NA patients and in alveolar Mφ from NA mice. Additionally, we evaluated the functional consequences of otulin deficiency in bone marrow-derived Mφ. The effects of inhibiting receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)-1 and RIPK-3 on neutrophils and group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) were assessed in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS When comparing nonclassical monocytes, a significant downregulation of otulin in the intracellular components was observed in NA patients compared to healthy controls (P = .005). Moreover, isolated alveolar Mφ from the NA mice exhibited lower otulin expression compared to those from control mice. After otulin knockdown in bone marrow-derived Mφ, we observed spontaneous IL-1β production depending on NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, the infiltrated neutrophils and ILC3s were significantly decreased by combined treatment of RIPK-1 and RIPK-3 inhibitors through blocking IL-1β release in NA. CONCLUSIONS IL-1β overproduction caused by a deficiency of otulin, an upstream triggering factor, could be a promising diagnostic and therapeutic target for NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Luu Quoc
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - YeJi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gunwoo Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Thi Bich Tra Cao
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Yong Hwan Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Liao S, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xiong Q, Chi M, Yang L, Zhang J, Li L, Fan Y. Vitamin D promotes epithelial tissue repair and host defense responses against influenza H1N1 virus and Staphylococcus aureus infections. Respir Res 2023; 24:175. [PMID: 37407993 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early studies indicated that vitamin D (VD) exerted pleiotropic extra-skeletal effects in the airway, but the definite linkage between VD deficiency and airway host responses remains unclear. METHODS 142 cases of clinical data from Department of Otolaryngology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, were collected to characterize the relationship between VD deficiency and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Based on the clinical observations, 2.5-D airway epithelial organoids cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) were used to simulate the effects of VD treatment in the development of airway epithelium and the modulation of the host responses against influenza H1N1 virus (representing viral infections) and Staphylococcus aureus (representing bacterial infections) infections in the airway. The intrinsic mechanisms of VD deficiency underlying epithelial remodeling were mapped by transcriptomic as well as proteomic analyses. RESULTS In this study we observed prevailing VD deficiency among inpatients suffering from CRS, a common disease predominantly characterized by epithelial impairment and remodeling. Relative to control organoids cultured without VD, long-term incubation with VD accelerated basal cell proliferation during nasal epithelial development. Under infectious conditions, VD treatment protected the organoids against influenza H1N1 virus and Staphylococcus aureus invasions by reinforcing the respiratory host defenses, including upregulation of LL37, suppression (or inhibition) of proinflammatory cytokines, strengthening of epithelial integrity, and mucociliary clearance. In silico analysis of transcriptomics and proteomics suggested that VD modulated the epithelial development and remodeling, involving epithelial cell proliferation/differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cytokine signaling in the immune system, as well as responses to microbe, cell junction organization, and extracellular matrix organization via PTEN signaling, independent of TGF-β signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the importance of managing VD deficiency in clinical settings for the sake of alleviating pathological epithelial remodeling. Vitamin D promotes epithelial tissue repair and host defense responses against influenza H1N1 and Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanhong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinglan Xiong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengshi Chi
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yunping Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Kormish J, Ghuman T, Liu RY, Srinathan SK, Tan L, Graham K, Enns S, Buduhan G, Halayko AJ, Pascoe CD, Kidane B. Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Inflammation and Tissue Injury in Patients with Postoperative Respiratory Failure after Lung Resection Surgery: A Nested Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10051. [PMID: 37373199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic surgeries involving resection of lung tissue pose a risk of severe postoperative pulmonary complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure. Lung resections require one-lung ventilation (OLV) and, thus, are at higher risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) attributable to barotrauma and volutrauma in the one ventilated lung, as well as hypoxemia and reperfusion injury on the operated lung. Further, we also aimed to assess the differences in localized and systemic markers of tissue injury/inflammation in those who developed respiratory failure after lung surgery versus matched controls who did not develop respiratory failure. We aimed to assess the different inflammatory/injury marker patterns induced in the operated and ventilated lung and how this compared to the systemic circulating inflammatory/injury marker pattern. A case-control study nested within a prospective cohort study was performed. Patients with postoperative respiratory failure after lung surgery (n = 5) were matched with control patients (n = 6) who did not develop postoperative respiratory failure. Biospecimens (arterial plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage separately from ventilated and operated lungs) were obtained from patients undergoing lung surgery at two timepoints: (1) just prior to initiation of OLV and (2) after lung resection was completed and OLV stopped. Multiplex electrochemiluminescent immunoassays were performed for these biospecimen. We quantified 50 protein biomarkers of inflammation and tissue injury and identified significant differences between those who did and did not develop postoperative respiratory failure. The three biospecimen types also display unique biomarker patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Kormish
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Tejas Ghuman
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Richard Y Liu
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Sadeesh K Srinathan
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Lawrence Tan
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Kristen Graham
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Stephanie Enns
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Gordon Buduhan
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Christopher D Pascoe
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Biniam Kidane
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1R9, Canada
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Alonso Paiva IM, A. Santos R, Brito CB, Ferrero MC, Ortiz Wilczyñski JM, Silva EAC, C. Oliveira S, Baldi PC. Role of the cGAS/STING pathway in the control of Brucella abortus infection acquired through the respiratory route. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116811. [PMID: 37261352 PMCID: PMC10227575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of the respiratory route for Brucella transmission, the lung immune response to this pathogen is scarcely characterized. We investigated the role of the cGAS/STING pathway of microbial DNA recognition in the control of respiratory Brucella infection. After in vitro B. abortus infection, CFU numbers were significantly higher in alveolar macrophages (AM) and lung explants from STING KO mice than in samples from wild type (WT) mice, but no difference was observed for cGAS KO samples. CFU were also increased in WT AM and lung epithelial cells preincubated with the STING inhibitor H151. Several proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IP-10/CXCL10) were diminished in Brucella-infected lung explants and/or AM from STING KO mice and cGAS KO mice. These cytokines were also reduced in infected AM and lung epithelial cells pretreated with H151. After intratracheal infection with B. abortus, STING KO mice exhibited increased CFU in lungs, spleen and liver, a reduced expression of IFN-β mRNA in lungs and spleen, and reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung homogenates. Increased lung CFU and reduced BALF cytokines were also observed in cGAS KO mice. In summary, the cGAS/STING pathway induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines after respiratory Brucella infection, which may contribute to the STING-dependent control of airborne brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván M. Alonso Paiva
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raiany A. Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila B. Brito
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana C. Ferrero
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Ortiz Wilczyñski
- Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina (ANM)), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenio A. Carrera Silva
- Laboratorio de Trombosis Experimental, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX, CONICET-Academia Nacional de Medicina (ANM)), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio C. Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo C. Baldi
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hassanshahi F, Noroozi Karimabad M, Miranzadeh E, Hassanshahi G, Torabizadeh SA, Jebali A. The Serum Level of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 and the Expression of CXCR3 of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Brucellosis Patients. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:201. [PMID: 37140634 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03230-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Brucella spp. can replicate in human endothelial cells, inducing an inflammatory response with increased expression of chemokines. Although Brucella infects humans, its ability to induce the production of chemokines by lung cells is unknown. Therefore, the current investigation was designed to examine the association between brucellosis and CXCL9, 10, and 11 chemokines. The patient group included 71 patients suffering from Brucella infection and the control group consisted of 50 healthy ranchers from the same geographical area. Serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 were analyzed by ELISA. The fold changes of CXCR3 expression against β-actin were determined by real-time-PCR technique. Western blotting analysis was also applied for evaluating the expression of CXCR3 at protein level. The results of this study showed that the serum levels of CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are significantly increased in acute brucellosis patients in comparison to control as indicated by ELISA test, mRNA levels of CXCR3 by Real-time PCR as well as protein levels of CXCR3 by Western blot analysis. According to findings, these chemokines have the potential to serve as markers for brucellosis patients. Taken together, cytokine/chemokine network was active in acute brucellosis patients, and it is suggested to evaluate other cytokines in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Hassanshahi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad university Shahr-E-Kord -Branch, Shahr-e-kord, Iran
| | - Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Elahe Miranzadeh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad university Shahr-E-Kord -Branch, Shahr-e-kord, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Atekeh Torabizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Jebali
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Chen WA, Dou Y, Fletcher HM, Boskovic DS. Local and Systemic Effects of Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection. Microorganisms 2023; 11:470. [PMID: 36838435 PMCID: PMC9963840 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobe, is a leading etiological agent in periodontitis. This infectious pathogen can induce a dysbiotic, proinflammatory state within the oral cavity by disrupting commensal interactions between the host and oral microbiota. It is advantageous for P. gingivalis to avoid complete host immunosuppression, as inflammation-induced tissue damage provides essential nutrients necessary for robust bacterial proliferation. In this context, P. gingivalis can gain access to the systemic circulation, where it can promote a prothrombotic state. P. gingivalis expresses a number of virulence factors, which aid this pathogen toward infection of a variety of host cells, evasion of detection by the host immune system, subversion of the host immune responses, and activation of several humoral and cellular hemostatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Chen
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Yuetan Dou
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hansel M Fletcher
- Division of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Danilo S Boskovic
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Periselneris J, Turner CT, Ercoli G, Szylar G, Weight CM, Thurston T, Whelan M, Tomlinson G, Noursadeghi M, Brown J. Pneumolysin suppresses the initial macrophage pro-inflammatory response to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Immunology 2022; 167:413-427. [PMID: 35835695 PMCID: PMC10497322 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Published data for the Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factor Pneumolysin (Ply) show contradictory effects on the host inflammatory response to infection. Ply has been shown to activate the inflammasome, but also can bind to MRC-1 resulting in suppression of dendritic cell inflammatory responses. We have used an in vitro infection model of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), and a mouse model of pneumonia to clarify whether pro- or anti-inflammatory effects dominate the effects of Ply on the initial macrophage inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae, and the consequences during early lung infection. We found that infection with S. pneumoniae expressing Ply suppressed tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 production by MDMs compared to cells infected with ply-deficient S. pneumoniae. This effect was independent of bacterial effects on cell death. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated S. pneumoniae expressing Ply caused a qualitatively similar but quantitatively lower MDM transcriptional response to S. pneumoniae compared to ply-deficient S. pneumoniae, with reduced expression of TNF and type I IFN inducible genes. Reduction of the MDM inflammatory response was prevented by inhibition of SOCS1. In the early lung infection mouse model, the TNF response to ply-deficient S. pneumoniae was enhanced and bacterial clearance increased compared to infection with wild-type S. pneumoniae. Overall, these data show Ply inhibits the initial macrophage inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae, probably mediated through SOCS1, and this was associated with improved immune evasion during early lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimstan Periselneris
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of MedicineUniversity College Medical SchoolLondonUK
| | | | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of MedicineUniversity College Medical SchoolLondonUK
| | - Gabriella Szylar
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of MedicineUniversity College Medical SchoolLondonUK
| | | | - Teresa Thurston
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and InfectionImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew Whelan
- Division of Infection and ImmunityUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Jeremy Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, Division of MedicineUniversity College Medical SchoolLondonUK
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Zhou X, Ding S, Wang D, Chen L, Feng K, Huang T, Li Z, Cai Y. Identification of Cell Markers and Their Expression Patterns in Skin Based on Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Profiles. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040550. [PMID: 35455041 PMCID: PMC9025372 DOI: 10.3390/life12040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are members of a family of inflammatory skin disorders. Cellular immune responses in skin tissues contribute to the development of these diseases. However, their underlying immune mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. We developed a computational pipeline for analyzing the single-cell RNA-sequencing profiles of the Human Cell Atlas skin dataset to investigate the pathological mechanisms of skin diseases. First, we applied the maximum relevance criterion and the Boruta feature selection method to exclude irrelevant gene features from the single-cell gene expression profiles of inflammatory skin disease samples and healthy controls. The retained gene features were ranked by using the Monte Carlo feature selection method on the basis of their importance, and a feature list was compiled. This list was then introduced into the incremental feature selection method that combined the decision tree and random forest algorithms to extract important cell markers and thus build excellent classifiers and decision rules. These cell markers and their expression patterns have been analyzed and validated in recent studies and are potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets for skin diseases because their expression affects the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (X.Z.); (S.D.)
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shijian Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (X.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Deling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China;
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Kaiyan Feng
- Department of Computer Science, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China;
| | - Tao Huang
- Bio-Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-21-54923269 (T.H.); +86-21-66136132 (Y.C.)
| | - Zhandong Li
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-21-54923269 (T.H.); +86-21-66136132 (Y.C.)
| | - Yudong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (X.Z.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); Tel.: +86-21-54923269 (T.H.); +86-21-66136132 (Y.C.)
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10
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Szylar G, Wysoczanski R, Marshall H, Marks DJB, José R, Ehrenstein MR, Brown JS. A novel Streptococcus pneumoniae human challenge model demonstrates Treg lymphocyte recruitment to the infection site. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3990. [PMID: 35256717 PMCID: PMC8901783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate local tissue responses to infection we have developed a human model of killed Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge by intradermal injection into the forearm. S. pneumoniae intradermal challenge caused an initial local influx of granulocytes and increases in TNF, IL6 and CXCL8. However, by 48 h lymphocytes were the dominant cell population, mainly consisting of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Increases in local levels of IL17 and IL22 and the high proportion of CD4 cells that were CCR6+ suggested a significant Th17 response. Furthermore, at 48 h the CD4 population contained a surprisingly high proportion of likely memory Treg cells (CCR6 positive and CD45RA negative CD4+CD25highCD127low cells) at 39%. These results demonstrate that the intradermal challenge model can provide novel insights into the human response to S. pneumoniae and that Tregs form a substantial contribution of the normal human lymphocyte response to infection with this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Szylar
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Riccardo Wysoczanski
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, UCL Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Helina Marshall
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Daniel J B Marks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, UCL Division of Medicine, Rayne Institute, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ricardo José
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Michael R Ehrenstein
- Centre for Rheumatology, UCL Division of Medicine, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Jeremy S Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
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11
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Lim H, Koh M, Jin H, Bae M, Lee SY, Kim KM, Jung J, Kim HJ, Park SY, Kim HS, Moon WK, Hwang S, Cho NH, Moon A. Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce an aggressive phenotypic shift in non-malignant breast epithelial cells via interleukin-8 and S100A8. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7014-7032. [PMID: 33748944 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment have been associated with tumor progression in breast cancer. Although crosstalk between breast cancer cells and CAFs has been studied, the effect of CAFs on non-neoplastic breast epithelial cells is not fully understood to date. Here, we investigated the effect of CAFs on aggressive phenotypes in non-neoplastic MCF10A breast epithelial cells. CAFs induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasive phenotype in MCF10A cells. S100A8, a potential prognostic marker in several cancers, was markedly increased in MCF10A cells by CAFs. S100A8 was crucial for CAFs-induced invasive phenotype of MCF10A cells. Among cytokines increased by CAFs, interleukin (IL)-8 induced S100A8 through transcription factors p65 NF-κB and C/EBPβ. In a xenograft mouse model with MCF10A cells and CAFs, tumor was not developed, suggesting that coinjection with CAFs may not be sufficient for in vivo tumorigenicity of MCF10A cells. Xenograft mouse tumor models with MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells provided an in vivo evidence for the effect of CAFs on breast cancer progression as well as a crucial role of IL-8 in tumor growth and S100A8 expression in vivo. Using a tissue microarray of human breast cancer, we showed that S100A8 expression was correlated with poor outcomes. S100A8 expression was more frequently detected in cancer-adjacent normal human breast tissues than in normal breast tissues. Together, this study elucidated a novel mechanism for the acquisition of invasive phenotype of non-neoplastic breast cells induced by CAFs, suggesting that targeting IL-8 and S100A8 may be an effective strategy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesol Lim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minsoo Koh
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hao Jin
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijeong Bae
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Lee
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mee Kim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohee Jung
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoe Suk Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sejin Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Arezki Y, Cornacchia J, Rapp M, Lebeau L, Pons F, Ronzani C. A Co-Culture Model of the Human Respiratory Tract to Discriminate the Toxicological Profile of Cationic Nanoparticles According to Their Surface Charge Density. TOXICS 2021; 9:210. [PMID: 34564361 PMCID: PMC8470030 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9090210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at discriminating with sensitivity the toxicological effects of carbon dots (CDs) with various zeta potential (ζ) and charge density (Qek) in different cellular models of the human respiratory tract. One anionic and three cationic CDs were synthetized as follows: CD-COOH (ζ = -43.3 mV); CD-PEI600 (Qek = 4.70 µmol/mg; ζ = +31.8 mV); CD-PEHA (Qek = 3.30 µmol/mg; ζ = +29.2 mV) and CD-DMEDA (Qek = 0.01 µmol/mg; ζ = +11.1 mV). Epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (THP-1) were seeded alone or as co-cultures with different A549:THP-1 ratios. The obtained models were characterized, and multiple biological responses evoked by CDs were assessed in the mono-cultures and the best co-culture model. With 14% macrophages, the 2:1 ratio co-culture best mimicked the in vivo conditions and responded to lipopolysaccharides. The anionic CD did not induce any effect in the mono-cultures nor in the co-culture. Among the cationic CDs, the one with the highest charge density (CD-PEI600) induced the most pronounced responses whatever the culture model. The cationic CDs of low charge density (CD-PEHA and CD-DMEDA) evoked similar responses in the mono-cultures, whereas in the co-culture, the three cationic CDs ranked according to their charge density (CD-PEI600 > CD-PEHA > CD-DMEDA), when taking into account their inflammatory effect. Thus, the co-culture system developed in this study appears to be a sensitive model for finely discriminating the toxicological profile of cationic nanoparticles differing by the density of their surface charges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carole Ronzani
- Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR 7199, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch, France; (Y.A.); (J.C.); (M.R.); (L.L.); (F.P.)
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13
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Ceramide kinase regulates TNF-α-induced immune responses in human monocytic cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8259. [PMID: 33859296 PMCID: PMC8050074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87795-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide kinase (CERK) phosphorylates ceramide to produce ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), which is involved in the development of metabolic inflammation. TNF-α modulates inflammatory responses in monocytes associated with various inflammatory disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms remain not fully understood. Here, we investigated the role of CERK in TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in monocytes. Our results show that disruption of CERK activity in monocytes, either by chemical inhibitor NVP-231 or by small interfering RNA (siRNA), results in the defective expression of inflammatory markers including CD11c, CD11b and HLA-DR in response to TNF-α. Our data show that TNF-α upregulates ceramide phosphorylation. Inhibition of CERK in monocytes significantly reduced the secretion of IL-1β and MCP-1. Similar results were observed in CERK-downregulated cells. TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of JNK, p38 and NF-κB was reduced by inhibition of CERK. Additionally, NF-κB/AP-1 activity was suppressed by the inhibition of CERK. Clinically, obese individuals had higher levels of CERK expression in PBMCs compared to lean individuals, which correlated with their TNF-α levels. Taken together, these results suggest that CERK plays a key role in regulating inflammatory responses in human monocytes during TNF-α stimulation. CERK may be a relevant target for developing novel therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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14
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Zhang H, He F, Li P, Hardwidge PR, Li N, Peng Y. The Role of Innate Immunity in Pulmonary Infections. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6646071. [PMID: 33553427 PMCID: PMC7847335 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6646071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity forms a protective line of defense in the early stages of pulmonary infection. The primary cellular players of the innate immunity against respiratory infections are alveolar macrophages (AMs), dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). They recognize conserved structures of microorganisms through membrane-bound and intracellular receptors to initiate appropriate responses. In this review, we focus on the prominent roles of innate immune cells and summarize transmembrane and cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling recognition mechanisms during pulmonary microbial infections. Understanding the mechanisms of PRR signal recognition during pulmonary pathogen infections will help us to understand pulmonary immunopathology and lay a foundation for the development of effective therapies to treat and/or prevent pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang He
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Nengzhang Li
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- College of Animal Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Vitamin D Modulation of the Innate Immune Response to Paediatric Respiratory Pathogens Associated with Acute Lower Respiratory Infections. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010276. [PMID: 33478006 PMCID: PMC7835957 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential component of immune function and childhood deficiency is associated with an increased risk of acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs). Globally, the leading childhood respiratory pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus and the influenza virus. There is a growing body of evidence describing the innate immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D during challenge with respiratory pathogens, but recent systematic and unbiased synthesis of data is lacking, and future research directions are unclear. We therefore conducted a systematic PubMed literature search using the terms “vitamin D” and “Streptococcus pneumoniae” or “Respiratory Syncytial Virus” or “Influenza”. A priori inclusion criteria restricted the review to in vitro studies investigating the effect of vitamin D metabolites on human innate immune cells (primary, differentiated or immortalised) in response to stimulation with the specified respiratory pathogens. Eleven studies met our criteria. Despite some heterogeneity across pathogens and innate cell types, vitamin D modulated pathogen recognition receptor (PRRs: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4, TLR7 and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2)) expression; increased antimicrobial peptide expression (LL-37, human neutrophil peptide (HNP) 1-3 and β-defensin); modulated autophagosome production reducing apoptosis; and modulated production of inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin (IL) -1β, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-ɣ (IFN-ɣ), IL-12p70, IFN-β, Regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed (RANTES), IL-10) and chemokines (IL-8 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10)). Differential modulation of PRRs and IL-1β was reported across immune cell types; however, this may be due to the experimental design. None of the studies specifically focused on immune responses in cells derived from children. In summary, vitamin D promotes a balanced immune response, potentially enhancing pathogen sensing and clearance and restricting pathogen induced inflammatory dysregulation. This is likely to be important in controlling both ALRIs and the immunopathology associated with poorer outcomes and progression to chronic lung diseases. Many unknowns remain and further investigation is required to clarify the nuances in vitamin D mediated immune responses by pathogen and immune cell type and to determine whether these in vitro findings translate into enhanced immunity and reduced ALRI in the paediatric clinical setting.
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16
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Mikolajczyk TP, Szczepaniak P, Vidler F, Maffia P, Graham GJ, Guzik TJ. Role of inflammatory chemokines in hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 223:107799. [PMID: 33359600 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with immune cells activation and their migration into the kidney, vasculature, heart and brain. These inflammatory mechanisms are critical for blood pressure regulation and mediate target organ damage, creating unique novel targets for pharmacological modulation. In response to angiotensin II and other pro-hypertensive stimuli, the expression of several inflammatory chemokines and their receptors is increased in the target organs, mediating homing of immune cells. In this review, we summarize the contribution of key inflammatory chemokines and their receptors to increased accumulation of immune cells in target organs and effects on vascular dysfunction, remodeling, oxidative stress and fibrosis, all of which contribute to blood pressure elevation. In particular, the role of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL16, CXCL1, CX3CL1, XCL1 and their receptors in the context of hypertension is discussed. Recent studies have tested the efficacy of pharmacological or genetic targeting of chemokines and their receptors on the development of hypertension. Promising results indicate that some of these pathways may serve as future therapeutic targets to improve blood pressure control and prevent target organ consequences including kidney failure, heart failure, atherosclerosis or cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Piotr Szczepaniak
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francesca Vidler
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; BHF Centre for Excellence Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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17
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Bhadriraju S, Fadrosh DW, Shenoy MK, Lin DL, Lynch KV, McCauley K, Ferrand RA, Majonga ED, McHugh G, Huang L, Lynch SV, Metcalfe JZ. Distinct lung microbiota associate with HIV-associated chronic lung disease in children. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16186. [PMID: 32999331 PMCID: PMC7527458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung disease (CLD) is a common co-morbidity for HIV-positive children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. In this population, distinct airway microbiota may differentially confer risk of CLD. In a cross-sectional study of 202 HIV-infected children aged 6-16 years in Harare, Zimbabwe, we determined the association of sputum microbiota composition (using 16S ribosomal RNA V4 gene region sequencing) with CLD defined using clinical, spirometric, or radiographic criteria. Forty-two percent of children were determined to have CLD according to our definition. Dirichlet multinomial mixtures identified four compositionally distinct sputum microbiota structures. Patients whose sputum microbiota was dominated by Haemophilus, Moraxella or Neisseria (HMN) were at 1.5 times higher risk of CLD than those with Streptococcus or Prevotella (SP)-dominated microbiota (RR = 1.48, p = 0.035). Cell-free products of HMN sputum microbiota induced features of epithelial disruption and inflammatory gene expression in vitro, indicating enhanced pathogenic potential of these CLD-associated microbiota. Thus, HIV-positive children harbor distinct sputum microbiota, with those dominated by Haemophilus, Moraxella or Neisseria associated with enhanced pathogenesis in vitro and clinical CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Bhadriraju
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Rm 5K1, San Francisco, CA, 94110-0111, USA
| | - Douglas W Fadrosh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Meera K Shenoy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Din L Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kole V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kathryn McCauley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Rashida A Ferrand
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Edith D Majonga
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Grace McHugh
- Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Laurence Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Rm 5K1, San Francisco, CA, 94110-0111, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - John Z Metcalfe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Rm 5K1, San Francisco, CA, 94110-0111, USA.
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18
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Holme JA, Øya E, Afanou AKJ, Øvrevik J, Eduard W. Characterization and pro-inflammatory potential of indoor mold particles. INDOOR AIR 2020; 30:662-681. [PMID: 32078193 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A number of epidemiological studies find an association between indoor air dampness and respiratory health effects. This is often suggested to be linked to enhanced mold growth. However, the role of mold is obviously difficult to disentangle from other dampness-related exposure including microbes as well as non-biological particles and chemical pollutants. The association may partly be due to visible mycelial growth and a characteristic musty smell of mold. Thus, the potential role of mold exposure should be further explored by evaluating information from experimental studies elucidating possible mechanistic links. Such studies show that exposure to spores and hyphal fragments may act as allergens and pro-inflammatory mediators and that they may damage airways by the production of toxins, enzymes, and volatile organic compounds. In the present review, we hypothesize that continuous exposure to mold particles may result in chronic low-grade pro-inflammatory responses contributing to respiratory diseases. We summarize some of the main methods for detection and characterization of fungal aerosols and highlight in vitro research elucidating how molds may induce toxicity and pro-inflammatory reactions in human cell models relevant for airway exposure. Data suggest that the fraction of fungal hyphal fragments in indoor air is much higher than that of airborne spores, and the hyphal fragments often have a higher pro-inflammatory potential. Thus, hyphal fragments of prevalent mold species with strong pro-inflammatory potential may be particularly relevant candidates for respiratory diseases associated with damp/mold-contaminated indoor air. Future studies linking of indoor air dampness with health effects should assess the toxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of indoor air particulate matter and combined this information with a better characterization of biological components including hyphal fragments from both pathogenic and non-pathogenic mold species. Such studies may increase our understanding of the potential role of mold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn A Holme
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Øya
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medicines Access, Norwegian Medicines Agency, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anani K J Afanou
- Group of Occupational Toxicology, STAMI National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wijnand Eduard
- Group of Occupational Toxicology, STAMI National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Fjeldhøj S, Fuglsang E, Sørensen CA, Frøkiær H, Krogfelt KA, Laursen RP, Slotved HC. Factors influencing PCV13 specific antibody response in Danish children starting in day care. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6179. [PMID: 32277105 PMCID: PMC7148338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines different factors influencing the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) specific antibody response in 8–13 months old Danish children starting in day care. We present secondary findings to the ProbiComp study, which included nose swabs, buccal swabs and blood samples from the children before entering day care (baseline) and again after 6 months. Pneumococci isolated from nose swabs were identified by latex agglutination kit and Quellung reaction. Luminex-based assay was used for antibody measurements against specific anti-pneumococcal capsular IgG. Buccal gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. Statistical analyses were performed in R and included Pearson’s Chi-squared test, Welch two sample t-test and linear regression models. The PCV13 antibody response was unaffected by whether the children were carriers or non-carriers of any pneumococcal serotype. Having siblings increased the risk of carrying serotype 21 before day care (p = 0.020), and having siblings increased the PCV13 antibody response at the end of study (p = 0.0135). Hepatitis B-vaccination increased the PCV13 antibody response before day care attendance (p = 0.005). The expression of IL8 and IL1B was higher in children carrying any pneumococcal serotype at baseline compared to non-carriers (p = 0.0125 and p = 0.0268 respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sine Fjeldhøj
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
| | - Eva Fuglsang
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Camilla Adler Sørensen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark
| | - Hanne Frøkiær
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark.,Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
| | - Rikke Pilmann Laursen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, 1958, Denmark
| | - Hans-Christian Slotved
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2300, Denmark.
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20
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Anderson J, Do LAH, Toh ZQ, Hoe E, Reitsma A, Mulholland K, Licciardi PV. Vitamin D Induces Differential Effects on Inflammatory Responses During Bacterial and/or Viral Stimulation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:602. [PMID: 32318074 PMCID: PMC7154168 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the leading causes of respiratory infections amongst children <5 years of age. Co-infection with these pathogens is common during early life and often associated with increased disease severity. Epidemiological studies have shown that low levels of Vitamin D3 (VitD3) are associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory pathogens. However, the role of VitD3 in the context of pneumococcal and RSV exposure are poorly understood. We found that VitD3 significantly reduced Th17 cell expression and IL-17A and IL-22 secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when stimulated with a pneumococcal whole cell antigen (WCA). Levels of IFN-γ were also decreased whilst IL-10 and IL-1β were increased. Effects of VitD3 on innate responses following RSV stimulation was limited, only reducing IL-6. VitD3 also reduced the number of TLR2+CD14+ monocytes, whilst increasing TLR7+CD14+ monocytes and TLR4+CD56+ NK cells. In WCA-stimulated PBMCs, VitD3 increased IL-1β levels but reduced TLR2+CD14+ monocytes. For pneumococcal WCA-RSV co-stimulation, VitD3 only had a limited effect, mainly through increased IL-1β and RANTES as well as TLR4+CD56+ NK cells. Our results suggest that VitD3 can modulate the inflammatory response to pneumococci but has limited effects during viral or bacterial-viral exposure. This is the first study to examine the effects of VitD3 in the context of pneumococcal-RSV co-stimulation, with important implications on the potential role of VitD3 in the control of excessive inflammatory responses during pneumococcal and RSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zheng Quan Toh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Edwin Hoe
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrea Reitsma
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Epidemiology and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul V Licciardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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21
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Sharma L, Feng J, Britto CJ, Dela Cruz CS. Mechanisms of Epithelial Immunity Evasion by Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens. Front Immunol 2020. [PMID: 32117248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00091/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lung infections are major healthcare challenges killing millions of people worldwide and resulting in a huge economic burden. Both basic and clinical research have elucidated host mechanisms that contribute to the bacterial clearance where an indispensable role of immune cells has been established. However, the role of respiratory epithelial cells in bacterial clearance has garnered limited attention due to their weak inflammatory or phagocytic ability compared to immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. These studies often underappreciate the fact that epithelial cells are the most abundant cells in the lung, not only serving as building blocks but also providing immune protection throughout the lung. Epithelial cells function either independently to eradicate the pathogen or communicate with immune cells to orchestrate pathogen clearance. The epithelial cells have multiple mechanisms that include mucus production, antimicrobial peptide production, muco-ciliary clearance, and phagocytosis, all of which contribute to their direct antibacterial function. Secretion of cytokines to recruit immune cells and potentiate their antimicrobial activities is a pathway by which the epithelium contributes to bacterial clearance. Successful pathogens outsmart epithelial resistance and find a way to replicate in sufficient numbers to establish infections in the airway or lung epithelial surfaces. In this mini-review, we discuss evidences that establish important roles for epithelial host defense against invading respiratory bacterial pathogens and demonstrate how pathogens outsmart these epithelial immune mechanisms to successfully establish infection. Finally, we discuss briefly how to boost epithelial immunity to improve outcomes in bacterial lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Clemente J Britto
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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22
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Sharma L, Feng J, Britto CJ, Dela Cruz CS. Mechanisms of Epithelial Immunity Evasion by Respiratory Bacterial Pathogens. Front Immunol 2020; 11:91. [PMID: 32117248 PMCID: PMC7027138 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial lung infections are major healthcare challenges killing millions of people worldwide and resulting in a huge economic burden. Both basic and clinical research have elucidated host mechanisms that contribute to the bacterial clearance where an indispensable role of immune cells has been established. However, the role of respiratory epithelial cells in bacterial clearance has garnered limited attention due to their weak inflammatory or phagocytic ability compared to immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. These studies often underappreciate the fact that epithelial cells are the most abundant cells in the lung, not only serving as building blocks but also providing immune protection throughout the lung. Epithelial cells function either independently to eradicate the pathogen or communicate with immune cells to orchestrate pathogen clearance. The epithelial cells have multiple mechanisms that include mucus production, antimicrobial peptide production, muco-ciliary clearance, and phagocytosis, all of which contribute to their direct antibacterial function. Secretion of cytokines to recruit immune cells and potentiate their antimicrobial activities is a pathway by which the epithelium contributes to bacterial clearance. Successful pathogens outsmart epithelial resistance and find a way to replicate in sufficient numbers to establish infections in the airway or lung epithelial surfaces. In this mini-review, we discuss evidences that establish important roles for epithelial host defense against invading respiratory bacterial pathogens and demonstrate how pathogens outsmart these epithelial immune mechanisms to successfully establish infection. Finally, we discuss briefly how to boost epithelial immunity to improve outcomes in bacterial lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jingjing Feng
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Clemente J Britto
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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23
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Dutta P, Sultana S, Dey R, Bishayi B. Regulation of Staphylococcus aureus-induced CXCR1 expression via inhibition of receptor mobilization and receptor shedding during dual receptor (TNFR1 and IL-1R) neutralization. Immunol Res 2020; 67:241-260. [PMID: 31290001 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Our earlier studies proposed a radically new idea suggesting interdependency between TNF-α/TNFR1 and IL-1β/IL-1R pathways in modulation of Staphylococcus aureus-induced CXCL8/CXCR1 axis. However, the effects of inhibition of cytokine receptor mobilization at intracellular level and surface TNFR1 and IL-1R shedding on S. aureus-induced CXCR1 expression have not been studied so far in peritoneal macrophages. This study aimed to investigate the role of inhibition of receptor mobilization from the intracellular pool (using brefeldin A) and surface receptor shedding (using TAPI-1) on CXCR1 expression during dual receptor (TNFR1 plus IL-1R) neutralization in peritoneal macrophages isolated from wild-type Swiss Albino mice. Release of superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide was measured and cytokine production was done by ELISA. Expression of surface receptors (TNFR1, IL-1R, and CXCR1) and inflammatory mediators was studied by Western blot. It was observed that S. aureus-infected macrophages showed elevated ROS production, secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and CXCL8, along with increased expression of surface receptors (TNFR1, IL-1R, and CXCR1), and inflammatory markers (iNOS and COX-2) compared with control or treated groups (p < 0.05). However, prior treatment of macrophages with BFA or TAPI-1 in the presence of anti-TNFR1 antibody and IRAP during S. aureus infection showed significant reduction of all these parameters (p < 0.05). We can conclude that targeting of TNFR1 and IL-1R (with major focus on surface expression study) either through blockage of intracellular receptor trafficking pathway or via surface receptor shedding diminishes TNFR1/IL-1R interaction and consequently downregulates CXCR1 expression along with inflammatory signalling pathways during bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Dutta
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Sahin Sultana
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India.
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24
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Recent progress on pathophysiology, inflammation and defense mechanism of mast cells against invading microbes: inhibitory effect of IL-37. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 44:447-454. [PMID: 32140058 PMCID: PMC7050054 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) have historically been considered masters of allergy, but there is substantial evidence supporting their contribution to tissue microorganism clearance. Their activation through the cross-linking of bound IgE provokes mast cell degranulation and activates tyrosine kinase (Syk and Lyn), leading to cytokine/chemokine generation and release. Current consensus holds that mast cells participate in the body’s defense against numerous pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites, but also contribute to the inflammatory response induced by these biological agents. In the light of the latest findings, we describe the cross-talk between mast cells and pathogenic microorganisms. This review summarizes our current understanding of the host immune response, with emphasis on the roles of MCs and the cytokine/chemokine network in provoking inflammation and generating protective immunity. This review addresses the ability of microorganisms to activate MCs provoking inflammation. We describe some MC-specific biological activities related to infections and discuss the evidence of MC mechanisms involved in the microbial activation which cause cytokine/chemokine generation-mediated inflammation, and provide a description of novel functions of mast cells during microbial infection. Interleukin (IL)-37 binds the α chain of the IL-18 receptor and suppresses MyD88-mediated inflammatory responses. IL-37 plays a pathological role in certain infections by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNF. Here we report the interrelationship between IL-37, inflammatory cytokines and mast cells. Our report offers opportunities for the design of new therapeutic interventions in inflamed tissue induced by microorganism infections, acting on manipulation of mast cells and/or inflammatory cytokine blockage.
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25
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Analysis of the Effect of IL-1β on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in M6 Glioma Mouse Model Using Intravital Microscopy. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 168:118-124. [PMID: 31758381 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of IL-1β on the permeability of brain capillaries in healthy mice. Intravital microscopy demonstrated that parenteral administration of IL-1β was followed by an increase in vascular permeability ensuring passage of free Alexa488 fluorescent label through the capillary walls, but not sufficient for penetration of liposomes. In addition, experiments on mice with intracranial M6 glioma showed penetration of liposomes through the walls of tumor capillaries after parenteral administration of IL-1β in a concentration of 2 μg/ml. Thus, the use of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the therapy of brain tumors can significantly increase the therapeutic efficacy of drug delivery systems, in particular, for drugs poorly crossing the blood-brain barrier.
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26
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Cauci S, Buligan C, Rocchi F, Salvador I, Xodo L, Stinco G. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism and cutaneous melanoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5759-5768. [PMID: 31788049 PMCID: PMC6865156 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunity and cytokines serve crucial roles in cutaneous melanoma. The present study investigated whether a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) gene (IL-1RN) located in intron 2 (rs2234663) is associated with cutaneous melanoma. A total of 515 subjects were studied, 133 of which were cutaneous melanoma cases (72 stage I+II non-metastatic melanoma cases and 61 stage III+IV metastatic melanoma cases), and 382 subjects were matching healthy controls from the Friuli-Venezia-Giulia Region located in Northeast Italy, an area with a high melanoma incidence. The IL-1RN-VNTR polymorphism was determined by DNA fragment length analysis following PCR amplification. According to the number of 86-bp repeats, five different IL-1RN alleles were identified: Allele 1 (4-repeats), allele 2 (2-repeats, short allele), allele 3 (5-repeats), allele 4 (3-repeats) and allele 5 (6-repeats). Alleles with three or more 86-bp repeats, i.e. allele 1, 3, 4 and 5 were collectively denoted as long (L) repeats. The present study revealed that IL-1RN-VNTR 1/2 and 2/L genotypes were more frequent among patients with cutaneous melanoma (43.6 and 45.1%, respectively) compared with healthy controls [29.6 and 30.6%, respectively; odds ratio (OR), 1.84; CI, 1.22–2.77; P=0.003; and OR, 1.66; CI, 1.24–2.79; P=0.002, respectively]. Conversely, the IL-1RN-VNTR 1/1 genotype was less frequent among melanoma cases (45.9%) compared with healthy controls (57.9%; OR, 0.62; CI, 0.41–0.92; P=0.017). Comparison of metastatic vs. non-metastatic melanoma cases identified no significant differences. The present study first demonstrated that carriage of the 1/1 IL-1RN-VNTR genotype was protective, whereas 1/2 and 2/L was a risk factor for patients with cutaneous melanoma vs. healthy controls. The short allele 2 was associated with higher expression levels of IL-1RA, a potent competitive inhibitor of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β. VNTR-IL-1RN polymorphism may affect susceptibility to melanoma and, thus, it is a potential novel diagnostic biomarker for melanoma. The present study increased the understanding of genetic melanoma susceptibility/carcinogenesis, and may indicate novel strategies in the personalized prevention of cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Cauci
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Cinzia Buligan
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Rocchi
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ilaria Salvador
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi Xodo
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stinco
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy.,Department of Dermatology, University-Hospital of Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy
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27
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Periselneris J, Ercoli G, Pollard T, Chimalapati S, Camberlein E, Szylar G, Hyams C, Tomlinson G, Petersen FC, Floto RA, Noursadeghi M, Brown JS. Relative Contributions of Extracellular and Internalized Bacteria to Early Macrophage Proinflammatory Responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae. mBio 2019; 10:e02144-19. [PMID: 31551336 PMCID: PMC6759765 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02144-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Both intracellular immune sensing and extracellular innate immune sensing have been implicated in initiating macrophage proinflammatory cytokine responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae The S. pneumoniae capsule, a major virulence determinant, prevents phagocytosis, and we hypothesized that this would reduce activation of host innate inflammatory responses by preventing activation of intracellular proinflammatory signaling pathways. We investigated this hypothesis in human monocyte-derived macrophages stimulated with encapsulated or isogenic unencapsulated mutant S. pneumoniae Unexpectedly, despite strongly inhibiting bacterial internalization, the capsule resulted in enhanced inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages infected with S. pneumoniae Experiments using purified capsule material and a Streptococcus mitis mutant expressing an S. pneumoniae serotype 4 capsule indicated these differences required whole bacteria and were not due to proinflammatory effects of the capsule itself. Transcriptional profiling demonstrated relatively few differences in macrophage gene expression profiles between infections with encapsulated S. pneumoniae and those with unencapsulated S. pneumoniae, largely limited to reduced expression of proinflammatory genes in response to unencapsulated bacteria, predicted to be due to reduced activation of the NF-κB family of transcription factors. Blocking S. pneumoniae internalization using cytochalasin D had minimal effects on the inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae Experiments using murine macrophages indicated that the affected genes were dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) activation, although not through direct stimulation of TLR2 by capsule polysaccharide. Our data demonstrate that the early macrophage proinflammatory response to S. pneumoniae is mainly dependent on extracellular bacteria and reveal an unexpected proinflammatory effect of encapsulated S. pneumoniae that could contribute to disease pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE Multiple extra- and intracellular innate immune receptors have been identified that recognize Streptococcus pneumoniae, but the relative contributions of intra- versus extracellular bacteria to the inflammatory response were unknown. We have shown that intracellular S. pneumoniae contributes surprisingly little to the inflammatory responses, with production of important proinflammatory cytokines largely dependent on extracellular bacteria. Furthermore, although we expected the S. pneumoniae polysaccharide capsule to block activation of the host immune system by reducing bacterial internalization and therefore activation of intracellular innate immune receptors, there was an increased inflammatory response to encapsulated compared to unencapsulated bacteria, which is likely to contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimstan Periselneris
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Ercoli
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Pollard
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suneeta Chimalapati
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Camberlein
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Szylar
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Hyams
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Tomlinson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda C Petersen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Andres Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdad Noursadeghi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College Medical School, Rayne Institute, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Milette S, Fiset PO, Walsh LA, Spicer JD, Quail DF. The innate immune architecture of lung tumors and its implication in disease progression. J Pathol 2019; 247:589-605. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Milette
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Pierre O Fiset
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Department of SurgeryMcGill University Health Center Montreal Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
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29
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Nagre N, Cong X, Pearson AC, Zhao X. Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytosis and Bacteria Clearance in Mice. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30882784 DOI: 10.3791/59088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) guard the alveolar space of the lung. Phagocytosis by AMs plays a critical role in the defense against invading pathogens, the removal of dead cells or foreign particles, and in the resolution of inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling, processes that are mediated by various surface receptors of the AMs. Here, we report methods for the analysis of the phagocytic function of AMs using in vitro and in vivo assays and experimental strategies to differentiate between the pattern recognition receptor-, complement receptor-, and Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis. Finally, we discuss a method to establish and characterize a P. aeruginosa pneumonia model in mice to assess bacterial clearance in vivo. These assays represent the most common methods to evaluate AM functions and can also be used to study macrophage function and bacterial clearance in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja Nagre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School;
| | - Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Andrew C Pearson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School;
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30
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Abstract
Pneumonia is a type of acute lower respiratory infection that is common and severe. The outcome of lower respiratory infection is determined by the degrees to which immunity is protective and inflammation is damaging. Intercellular and interorgan signaling networks coordinate these actions to fight infection and protect the tissue. Cells residing in the lung initiate and steer these responses, with additional immunity effectors recruited from the bloodstream. Responses of extrapulmonary tissues, including the liver, bone marrow, and others, are essential to resistance and resilience. Responses in the lung and extrapulmonary organs can also be counterproductive and drive acute and chronic comorbidities after respiratory infection. This review discusses cell-specific and organ-specific roles in the integrated physiological response to acute lung infection, and the mechanisms by which intercellular and interorgan signaling contribute to host defense and healthy respiratory physiology or to acute lung injury, chronic pulmonary disease, and adverse extrapulmonary sequelae. Pneumonia should no longer be perceived as simply an acute infection of the lung. Pneumonia susceptibility reflects ongoing and poorly understood chronic conditions, and pneumonia results in diverse and often persistent deleterious consequences for multiple physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee J Quinton
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allan J Walkey
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph P Mizgerd
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
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31
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Hielpos MS, Fernández AG, Falivene J, Alonso Paiva IM, Muñoz González F, Ferrero MC, Campos PC, Vieira AT, Oliveira SC, Baldi PC. IL-1R and Inflammasomes Mediate Early Pulmonary Protective Mechanisms in Respiratory Brucella Abortus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:391. [PMID: 30456207 PMCID: PMC6231193 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. infection is frequently acquired through contaminated aerosols. The role of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the early pulmonary response to respiratory Brucella infection is unknown. As shown here, IL-1β levels in lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice intratracheally inoculated with B. abortus were increased at 3 and 7 days p.i. At 7 days p.i., pulmonary CFU numbers were higher in IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) knockout (KO) mice than in wild type (WT) mice. At different times p.i. CFU in lungs and BALF were higher in mice lacking some inflammasome components (caspase-1, AIM2, NLRP3) than in WT mice. At 2 days p.i. pulmonary levels of IL-1β and CXCL1 (neutrophils chemoattractant) were lower in caspase-1/11 KO mice. At day 3 p.i., neutrophils counts in BALF were lower in caspase-1/11 KO mice than in WT mice. During in vitro infections, IL-1β secretion was lower in alveolar macrophages from caspase-1/11, NLRP3 or AIM2 KO mice than in WT controls. Similarly, IL-1β production by B. abortus-infected alveolar epithelial cells was reduced by pretreatment with a specific caspase-1 inhibitor. This study shows that IL-1R, probably through IL-1β action, and the NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes are involved in pulmonary innate immune protective mechanisms against respiratory B. abortus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledad Hielpos
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea G Fernández
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Falivene
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iván M Alonso Paiva
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Muñoz González
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana C Ferrero
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Priscila C Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Angelica T Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pablo C Baldi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Farhat K, Bodart G, Charlet-Renard C, Desmet CJ, Moutschen M, Beguin Y, Baron F, Melin P, Quatresooz P, Parent AS, Desmecht D, Sirard JC, Salvatori R, Martens H, Geenen VG. Growth Hormone (GH) Deficient Mice With GHRH Gene Ablation Are Severely Deficient in Vaccine and Immune Responses Against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2175. [PMID: 30333823 PMCID: PMC6176084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise impact of the somatotrope axis upon the immune system is still highly debated. We have previously shown that mice with generalized ablation of growth hormone (GH) releasing hormone (GHRH) gene (Ghrh−/−) have normal thymus and T-cell development, but present a marked spleen atrophy and B-cell lymphopenia. Therefore, in this paper we have investigated vaccinal and anti-infectious responses of Ghrh−/− mice against S. pneumoniae, a pathogen carrying T-independent antigens. Ghrh−/− mice were unable to trigger production of specific IgM after vaccination with either native pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPS, PPV23) or protein-PPS conjugate (PCV13). GH supplementation of Ghrh−/− mice restored IgM response to PPV23 vaccine but not to PCV13 suggesting that GH could exert a specific impact on the spleen marginal zone that is strongly implicated in T-independent response against pneumococcal polysaccharides. As expected, after administration of low dose of S. pneumoniae, wild type (WT) completely cleared bacteria after 24 h. In marked contrast, Ghrh−/− mice exhibited a dramatic susceptibility to S. pneumoniae infection with a time-dependent increase in lung bacterial load and a lethal bacteraemia already after 24 h. Lungs of infected Ghrh−/− mice were massively infiltrated by inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils, while lung B cells were markedly decreased. The inflammatory transcripts signature was significantly elevated in Ghrh−/− mice. In this animal model, the somatotrope GHRH/GH/IGF1 axis plays a vital and unsuspected role in vaccine and immunological defense against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Farhat
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gwennaëlle Bodart
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe J Desmet
- GIGA-I3 Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michel Moutschen
- GIGA-I3 Infectious diseases, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Yves Beguin
- GIGA-I3 Hematology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Pierrette Melin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Anne-Simone Parent
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Daniel Desmecht
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR8204-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Roberto Salvatori
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Henri Martens
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vincent G Geenen
- GIGA-I3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Bansal S, Yajjala VK, Bauer C, Sun K. IL-1 Signaling Prevents Alveolar Macrophage Depletion during Influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae Coinfection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1425-1433. [PMID: 29311363 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Influenza and bacterial coinfection is a significant cause of hospitalization and death in humans during influenza epidemics and pandemics. However, the fundamental protective and pathogenic mechanisms involved in this complex virus-host-bacterium interaction remain incompletely understood. In this study, we have developed mild to lethal influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae coinfection models for comparative analyses of disease pathogenesis. Specifically, wild-type and IL-1R type 1-deficient (Il1r1-/- ) mice were infected with influenza virus and then superchallenged with noninvasive S. pneumoniae serotype 14 (Spn14) or S. pneumoniae serotype 19A (Spn19A). The coinfections were followed by comparative analyses of inflammatory responses and animal protection. We found that resident alveolar macrophages are efficient in the clearance of both pneumococcal serotypes in the absence of influenza infection; in contrast, they are essential for airway control of Spn14 infection but not Spn19A infection. In agreement, TNF-α and neutrophils play a compensatory protective role in secondary bacterial infection associated with Spn19A; however, the essential requirement for alveolar macrophage-mediated clearance significantly enhances the virulence of Spn14 during postinfluenza pneumococcal infection. Furthermore, we show that, although IL-1 signaling is not required for host defense against pneumococcal infection alone, it is essential for sustaining antibacterial immunity during postinfluenza pneumococcal infection, as evidenced by significantly aggravated bacterial burden and animal mortality in Il1r1-/- mice. Mechanistically, we show that through preventing alveolar macrophage depletion, inflammatory cytokine IL-1 signaling is critically involved in host resistance to influenza and pneumococcal coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bansal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900
| | - Vijaya Kumar Yajjala
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900
| | - Christopher Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900
| | - Keer Sun
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900
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34
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Bishayi B, Adhikary R, Sultana S, Dey R, Nandi A. Altered expression of CXCR1 (IL-8R) in macrophages utilizing cell surface TNFR1 and IL-1 receptor during Staphylococcus aureus infection. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:460-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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35
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Mowat AM, Scott CL, Bain CC. Barrier-tissue macrophages: functional adaptation to environmental challenges. Nat Med 2017; 23:1258-1270. [PMID: 29117177 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are found throughout the body, where they have crucial roles in tissue development, homeostasis and remodeling, as well as being sentinels of the innate immune system that can contribute to protective immunity and inflammation. Barrier tissues, such as the intestine, lung, skin and liver, are exposed constantly to the outside world, which places special demands on resident cell populations such as macrophages. Here we review the mounting evidence that although macrophages in different barrier tissues may be derived from distinct progenitors, their highly specific properties are shaped by the local environment, which allows them to adapt precisely to the needs of their anatomical niche. We discuss the properties of macrophages in steady-state barrier tissues, outline the factors that shape their differentiation and behavior and describe how macrophages change during protective immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan McI Mowat
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Calum C Bain
- The University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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36
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THP-1-derived macrophages render lung epithelial cells hypo-responsive to Legionella pneumophila - a systems biology study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11988. [PMID: 28931863 PMCID: PMC5607273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune response in the lung has to protect the huge alveolar surface against pathogens while securing the delicate lung structure. Macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells constitute the first line of defense and together orchestrate the initial steps of host defense. In this study, we analysed the influence of macrophages on type II alveolar epithelial cells during Legionella pneumophila-infection by a systems biology approach combining experimental work and mathematical modelling. We found that L. pneumophila-infected THP-1-derived macrophages provoke a pro-inflammatory activation of neighboring lung epithelial cells, but in addition render them hypo-responsive to direct infection with the same pathogen. We generated a kinetic mathematical model of macrophage activation and identified a paracrine mechanism of macrophage-secreted IL-1β inducing a prolonged IRAK-1 degradation in lung epithelial cells. This intercellular crosstalk may help to avoid an overwhelming inflammatory response by preventing excessive local secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and thereby negatively regulating the recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection. This suggests an important but ambivalent immunomodulatory role of macrophages in lung infection.
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37
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Alfaro C, Sanmamed MF, Rodríguez-Ruiz ME, Teijeira Á, Oñate C, González Á, Ponz M, Schalper KA, Pérez-Gracia JL, Melero I. Interleukin-8 in cancer pathogenesis, treatment and follow-up. Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 60:24-31. [PMID: 28866366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-8 (CXCL8) was originally described asa chemokine whose main function is the attraction of a polymorphonuclear inflammatory leukocyte infiltrate acting on CXCR1/2. Recently, it has been found that tumors very frequently coopt the production of this chemokine, which in this malignant context exerts different pro-tumoral functions. Reportedly, these include angiogenesis, survival signaling for cancer stem cells and attraction of myeloid cells endowed with the ability to immunosuppress and locally provide growth factors. Given the fact that in cancer patients IL-8 is mainly produced by tumor cells themselves, its serum concentration has been shown to correlate with tumor burden. Thus, IL-8 serum concentrations have been shown to be useful asa pharmacodynamic biomarker to early detect response to immunotherapy. Finally, because of the roles that IL-8 plays in favoring tumor progression, several therapeutic strategies are being developed to interfere with its functions. Such interventions hold promise, especially for therapeutic combinations in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alfaro
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
| | - Miguel F Sanmamed
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Álvaro Teijeira
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Carmen Oñate
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro González
- CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain; Department of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mariano Ponz
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Kurt A Schalper
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - José L Pérez-Gracia
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERONC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer, Spain.
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38
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Jung AL, Herkt CE, Schulz C, Bolte K, Seidel K, Scheller N, Sittka-Stark A, Bertrams W, Schmeck B. Legionella pneumophila infection activates bystander cells differentially by bacterial and host cell vesicles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6301. [PMID: 28740179 PMCID: PMC5524687 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles from eukaryotic cells and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from gram-negative bacteria have been described as mediators of pathogen-host interaction and intercellular communication. Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) is a causative agent of severe pneumonia. The differential effect of bacterial and host cell vesicles in L. pneumophila infection is unknown so far. We infected THP-1-derived or primary human macrophages with L. pneumophila and isolated supernatant vesicles by differential centrifugation. We observed an increase of exosomes in the 100 k pellet by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, and protein markers. This fraction additionally contained Legionella LPS, indicating also the presence of OMVs. In contrast, vesicles in the 16 k pellet, representing microparticles, decreased during infection. The 100 k vesicle fraction activated uninfected primary human alveolar epithelial cells, A549 cells, and THP-1 cells. Epithelial cell activation was reduced by exosome depletion (anti-CD63, or GW4869), or blocking of IL-1β in the supernatant. In contrast, the response of THP-1 cells to vesicles was reduced by a TLR2-neutralizing antibody, UV-inactivation of bacteria, or – partially – RNase-treatment of vesicles. Taken together, we found that during L. pneumophila infection, neighbouring epithelial cells were predominantly activated by exosomes and cytokines, whereas myeloid cells were activated by bacterial OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Jung
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Elena Herkt
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christine Schulz
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Bolte
- Department for Cell Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Scheller
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Sittka-Stark
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany.,Labor Berlin Services GmbH, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bertrams
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre, Philipps-University Marburg, 35043, Marburg, Germany. .,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Philipps-University, 35043, Marburg, Germany.
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39
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Rabes A, Suttorp N, Opitz B. Inflammasomes in Pneumococcal Infection: Innate Immune Sensing and Bacterial Evasion Strategies. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 397:215-27. [PMID: 27460812 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41171-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae frequently colonizes the upper respiratory tract of healthy individuals, but also commonly causes severe invasive infections such as community-acquired pneumonia and meningitis. One of the key virulence factors of pneumococci is the pore-forming toxin pneumolysin which stimulates cell death and is involved in the evasion of some defense mechanisms. The immune system, however, employs different inflammasomes to sense pneumolysin-induced pore formation, cellular membrane damage, and/or subsequent leakage of bacterial nucleic acid into the host cell cytosol. Canonical inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes consisting of a receptor molecule such as NLRP3 or AIM2, the adapter ASC, and caspase-1. NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes mediate cell death and production of important IL-1 family cytokines to recruit leukocytes and defend against S. pneumoniae. Here, we review recent evidence that highlights inflammasomes as critical sensors of S. pneumoniae-induced cellular perturbations, summarize their role in pneumococcal infections, and discuss potential evasion strategies of some emerging pneumococcal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rabes
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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40
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Pelrine ER, Ah-Kioon MD, Zhang M, Barrat FJ, Spiera RF, Gordon JK. Musculoskeletal Involvement in SSc Is Associated with Worse Scores on Short Form-36 and Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire and Lower Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. HSS J 2016; 12:255-260. [PMID: 27703420 PMCID: PMC5026664 DOI: 10.1007/s11420-016-9515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms and disease manifestations including joint pain, gastrointestinal dysfunction, interstitial lung disease, and cardiomyopathy. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Using the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) we explored how patient-reported physical health, mental health, and functional status related to these clinical characteristics and to cytokine levels utilizing the Hospital for Special Surgery Scleroderma Registry. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 185 patients meeting the 2013 ACR/EULAR criteria for SSc, we compared disease features and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) levels were assessed by luminex and ELISA assays in a subset of 32 patients. The Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient, two-sample t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test, ANOVA or Kuskal-Wallis test, and Pearson chi-squared or Fisher's exact test were performed as applicable to detect the association between disease manifestations, PROs, and blood biomarkers. RESULTS The modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) was positively correlated with SHAQ scores. Patients who had musculoskeletal involvement scored worse on both the SHAQ and SF-36. Lower levels of TNFα expression in PBMCs were also correlated with musculoskeletal involvement. No other significant correlations were found between clinical factors, PROs, and cytokine data. CONCLUSION Musculoskeletal outcomes are a major determinant of quality of life and function in patients with SSc. These results emphasize the importance of musculoskeletal outcomes in clinical studies of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza R. Pelrine
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Streret, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | | | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
| | - Franck J. Barrat
- Department of Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA
| | - Robert F. Spiera
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Streret, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Jessica K. Gordon
- Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Streret, New York, NY 10021 USA
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41
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Huang X, Huang T, Deng W, Yan G, Qiu H, Huang Y, Ke S, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Fang S, Zhou L, Yang B, Ren J, Ai H, Huang L. Genome-wide association studies identify susceptibility loci affecting respiratory disease in Chinese Erhualian pigs under natural conditions. Anim Genet 2016; 48:30-37. [PMID: 27615547 DOI: 10.1111/age.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of swine respiratory disease causes poor growth performance in and serious economic losses to the swine industry. In this study, a categorical trait of enzootic pneumonia-like (EPL) score representing the infection gradient of a respiratory disease, more likely enzootic pneumonia, was recorded in a herd of 332 Chinese Erhualian pigs. According to their EPL scores and the disease effect on weight gains, these pigs were grouped into controls (EPL score ≤ 1) and cases (EPL score > 1). The weight gain of the case group reduced significantly at days 180, 210, 240 and 300 as compared to the control group. The heritability of EPL score was estimated to be 0.24 based on the pedigree information using a linear mixed model. All 332 Erhualian pigs and their nine sire parents were genotyped with Illumina Porcine 60K SNP chips. Two genome-wide association studies were performed under a generalized linear mixed model and a case-control model respectively. In total, five loci surpassed the suggestive significance level (P = 2.98 × 10-5 ) on chromosomes 2, 8, 12 and 14. CXCL6, CXCL8, KIT and CTBP2 were highlighted as candidate genes that might play important roles in determining resistance/susceptibility to swine EP-like respiratory disease. The findings advance understanding of the genetic basis of resistance/susceptibility to respiratory disease in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - T Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - W Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - G Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - H Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Y Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - S Ke
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Y Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Z Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - S Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - L Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - B Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - J Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - H Ai
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - L Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
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42
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Baumgartner D, Aebi S, Grandgirard D, Leib SL, Draeger A, Babiychuk E, Hathaway LJ. Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates induce differing CXCL8 responses from human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells which are reduced by liposomes. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:154. [PMID: 27430279 PMCID: PMC4950757 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae causes several human diseases, including pneumonia and meningitis, in which pathology is associated with an excessive inflammatory response. A major inducer of this response is the cholesterol dependent pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin. Here, we measured the amount of inflammatory cytokine CXCL8 (interleukin (IL)-8) by ELISA released by human nasopharyngeal epithelial (Detroit 562) cells as inflammatory response to a 24 h exposure to different pneumococcal strains. Results We found pneumolysin to be the major factor influencing the CXCL8 response. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin-containing liposomes designed to sequester pneumolysin were highly effective at reducing CXCL8 levels from epithelial cells exposed to different clinical pneumococcal isolates. These liposomes also reduced CXCL8 response from epithelial cells exposed to pneumolysin knock-out mutants of S. pneumoniae indicating that they also reduce the CXCL8-inducing effect of an unidentified pneumococcal virulence factor, in addition to pneumolysin. Conclusion The results indicate the potential of liposomes in attenuating excessive inflammation as a future adjunctive treatment of pneumococcal diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0777-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denja Baumgartner
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne Aebi
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland
| | - Denis Grandgirard
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland
| | - Stephen L Leib
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland
| | - Annette Draeger
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Eduard Babiychuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 2, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Lucy J Hathaway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, Bern, CH-3001, Switzerland.
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43
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Griss K, Bertrams W, Sittka-Stark A, Seidel K, Stielow C, Hippenstiel S, Suttorp N, Eberhardt M, Wilhelm J, Vera J, Schmeck B. MicroRNAs Constitute a Negative Feedback Loop in Streptococcus pneumoniae-Induced Macrophage Activation. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:288-99. [PMID: 26984146 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes high mortality as a major pneumonia-inducing pathogen. In pneumonia, control of innate immunity is necessary to prevent organ damage. We assessed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators in pneumococcal infection of human macrophages. Exposure of primary blood-derived human macrophages with pneumococci resulted in transcriptional changes in several gene clusters and a significant deregulation of 10 microRNAs. Computational network analysis retrieved miRNA-146a as one putatively important regulator of pneumococci-induced host cell activation. Its induction depended on bacterial structural integrity and was completely inhibited by blocking Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) or depleting its mediator MyD88. Furthermore, induction of miRNA-146a release did not require the autocrine feedback of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α released from infected macrophages, and it repressed the TLR-2 downstream mediators IRAK-1 and TRAF-6, as well as the inflammatory factors cyclooxygenase 2 and interleukin 1β. In summary, pneumococci recognition induces a negative feedback loop, preventing excessive inflammation via miR-146a and potentially other miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Griss
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Wilhelm Bertrams
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center
| | - Alexandra Sittka-Stark
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center
| | - Christina Stielow
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Wilhelm
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and University Hospital of Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, German Center for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg
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44
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Ichikawa T, Cho O, Sugita T, Ishibashi Y, Ikeda R. Comparative Analysis of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Cryptococcus gattii VGIIa Strain Isolated for the First Time in Japan. Med Mycol J 2016; 57:E1-7. [PMID: 26936344 DOI: 10.3314/mmj.57.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans are pathogenic yeasts that cause meningoencephalitis. C. gattii has four molecular types: VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV. Furthermore, three genotypes have been reported for VGII, and a high pathogenicity of the VGIIa genotype has been proposed. The VGIIa strain has been isolated from a patient in Japan, but little is known about the characteristics of the polysaccharides in this strain. In this study we examined the induction of interleukin-8(IL-8)transcriptional activation and compared the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectra of extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs), mainly polysaccharides, from the VGIIa, VGIIb, and VGIIc genotypes. The induction of IL-8 by C. gattii EPSs was weaker than that by C. neoformans EPSs. The anomeric proton signals in the NMR spectra of EPSs obtained from VGII isolates were similar, and the polysaccharides were mainly mannose, xylose, galactose, and glucuronic acid. These results suggest that the extracellular polysaccharides from the VGIIa strain isolated in Japan are almost the same as those from other VGII strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Ichikawa
- Department of Microbial Science and Host Defense, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
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45
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Co-Transcriptomes of Initial Interactions In Vitro between Streptococcus Pneumoniae and Human Pleural Mesothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142773. [PMID: 26566142 PMCID: PMC4643877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a major causative organism of empyema, an inflammatory condition occurring in the pleural sac. In this study, we used human and Spn cDNA microarrays to characterize the transcriptional responses occurring during initial contact between Spn and a human pleural mesothelial cell line (PMC) in vitro. Using stringent filtering criteria, 42 and 23 Spn genes were up-and down-regulated respectively. In particular, genes encoding factors potentially involved in metabolic processes and Spn adherence to eukaryotic cells were up-regulated e.g. glnQ, glnA, aliA, psaB, lytB and nox. After Spn initial contact, 870 human genes were differentially regulated and the largest numbers of significant gene expression changes were found in canonical pathways for eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling (60 genes out of 171), oxidative phosphorylation (32/103), mitochondrial dysfunction (37/164), eIF4 and p70S6K signaling (28/142), mTOR signaling (27/182), NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response (20/177), epithelial adherens junction remodeling (11/66) and ubiquitination (22/254). The cellular response appeared to be directed towards host cell survival and defense. Spn did not activate NF-kB or phosphorylate p38 MAPK or induce cytokine production from PMC. Moreover, Spn infection of TNF-α pre-stimulated PMC inhibited production of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by >50% (p<0.01). In summary, this descriptive study provides datasets and a platform for examining further the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of empyema.
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46
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Hielpos MS, Ferrero MC, Fernández AG, Bonetto J, Giambartolomei GH, Fossati CA, Baldi PC. CCL20 and Beta-Defensin 2 Production by Human Lung Epithelial Cells and Macrophages in Response to Brucella abortus Infection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140408. [PMID: 26448160 PMCID: PMC4598116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Both CCL20 and human β-defensin 2 (hBD2) interact with the same membrane receptor and display chemotactic and antimicrobial activities. They are produced by airway epithelia in response to infectious agents and proinflammatory cytokines. Whereas Brucella spp. can infect humans through inhalation, their ability to induce CCL20 and hBD2 in lung cells is unknown. Here we show that B. abortus induces CCL20 expression in human alveolar (A549) or bronchial (Calu-6) epithelial cell lines, primary alveolar epithelial cells, primary human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages and the monocytic cell line THP-1. CCL20 expression was mainly mediated by JNK1/2 and NF-kB in both Calu-6 and THP-1 cells. CCL20 secretion was markedly induced in A549, Calu-6 and THP-1 cells by heat-killed B. abortus or a model Brucella lipoprotein (L-Omp19) but not by the B. abortus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Accordingly, CCL20 production by B. abortus-infected cells was strongly TLR2-dependent. Whereas hBD2 expression was not induced by B. abortus infection, it was significantly induced in A549 cells by conditioned media from B. abortus-infected THP-1 monocytes (CMB). A similar inducing effect was observed on CCL20 secretion. Experiments using blocking agents revealed that IL-1β, but not TNF-α, was involved in the induction of hBD2 and CCL20 secretion by CMB. In the in vitro antimicrobial assay, the lethal dose (LD) 50 of CCL20 for B. abortus (>50 μg/ml) was markedly higher than that against E. coli (1.5 μg/ml) or a B. abortus mutant lacking the O polysaccharide in its LPS (8.7 ug/ml). hBD2 did not kill any of the B. abortus strains at the tested concentrations. These results show that human lung epithelial cells secrete CCL20 and hBD2 in response to B. abortus and/or to cytokines produced by infected monocytes. Whereas these molecules do not seem to exert antimicrobial activity against this pathogen, they could recruit immune cells to the infection site.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soledad Hielpos
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU, CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana C Ferrero
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU, CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea G Fernández
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU, CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Bonetto
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU, CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo H Giambartolomei
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM, CONICET-UBA), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Fossati
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP, CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo C Baldi
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU, CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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47
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The role of chemokines in adjusting the balance between CD4+ effector T cell subsets and FOXp3-negative regulatory T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:829-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48
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49
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José RJ, Williams AE, Mercer PF, Sulikowski MG, Brown JS, Chambers RC. Regulation of neutrophilic inflammation by proteinase-activated receptor 1 during bacterial pulmonary infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:6024-34. [PMID: 25948816 PMCID: PMC4456635 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are key effector cells of the innate immune response to pathogenic bacteria, but excessive neutrophilic inflammation can be associated with bystander tissue damage. The mechanisms responsible for neutrophil recruitment to the lungs during bacterial pneumonia are poorly defined. In this study, we focus on the potential role of the major high-affinity thrombin receptor, proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1), during the development of pneumonia to the common lung pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Our studies demonstrate that neutrophils were indispensable for controlling S. pneumoniae outgrowth but contributed to alveolar barrier disruption. We further report that intra-alveolar coagulation (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid thrombin-antithrombin complex levels) and PAR-1 immunostaining were increased in this model of bacterial lung infection. Functional studies using the most clinically advanced PAR-1 antagonist, SCH530348, revealed a key contribution for PAR-1 signaling in influencing neutrophil recruitment to lung airspaces in response to both an invasive and noninvasive strain of S. pneumoniae (D39 and EF3030) but that PAR-1 antagonism did not impair the ability of the host to control bacterial outgrowth. PAR-1 antagonist treatment significantly decreased pulmonary levels of IL-1β, CXCL1, CCL2, and CCL7 and attenuated alveolar leak. Ab neutralization studies further demonstrated a nonredundant role for IL-1β, CXCL1, and CCL7 in mediating neutrophil recruitment in response to S. pneumoniae infection. Taken together, these data demonstrate a key role for PAR-1 during S. pneumoniae lung infection that is mediated, at least in part, by influencing multiple downstream inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J José
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew E Williams
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F Mercer
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Michal G Sulikowski
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy S Brown
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom
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50
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Weiser JN, Roche AM, Hergott CB, LaRose MI, Connolly T, Jorgensen WL, Leng L, Bucala R, Das R. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is Detrimental in Pneumococcal Pneumonia and a Target for Therapeutic Immunomodulation. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:1677-82. [PMID: 25943202 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mortality from pneumococcal pneumonia remains high despite antibiotic therapy, highlighting the pathogenic potential for host inflammation. We demonstrate that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), an innate immune mediator, is detrimental for survival and associated with lung pathology, inflammatory cellular infiltration, and bacterial replication in a mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia, despite being necessary for clearance from the nasopharynx. Treatment of animals with a small-molecule inhibitor of MIF improves survival by reducing inflammation and improving bacterial control. Our work demonstrates that MIF modulates beneficial versus detrimental inflammatory responses in the host-pneumococcal interaction and is a potential target for therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher B Hergott
- Department of Microbiology Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Meredith I LaRose
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | | | - Lin Leng
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine
| | | | - Rituparna Das
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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