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Klebsiella pneumoniae capsule polysaccharide as a target for therapeutics and vaccines. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1360-1366. [PMID: 31762959 PMCID: PMC6861629 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as an urgent public health threat in many industrialized countries worldwide, including the United States. Infections caused by CR K. pneumoniae are difficult to treat because these organisms are typically resistant to multiple antibiotics, and the patients have significant comorbidities. Notably, there is high (∼50%) mortality among individuals with bacteremia caused by CR K. pneumoniae. Given the dearth of new antibiotics, and the recent convergence of multidrug resistance and hypervirulence, there is a critical need for alternative strategies for the treatment of CR K. pneumoniae infections. The capsule polysaccharide (CPS) of K. pneumoniae has long been viewed as an important virulence factor that promotes resistance to phagocytosis and serum bactericidal activity. Thus, the CPS has been targeted previously for the development of therapeutics and vaccines, although there is no licensed CPS-based vaccine or therapy for the treatment of CR K. pneumoniae infections. Here, we discuss immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic approaches that have been tested previously for the treatment of Klebsiella infections. We also suggest potential strategies to promote development of CPS-based vaccines and therapies for prevention and treatment of CR K. pneumoniae infections.
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Ahmad TA, El-Sayed LH, Haroun M, Hussein AA, El Ashry ESH. Development of immunization trials against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vaccine 2011; 30:2411-20. [PMID: 22100884 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common cause of nosocomial respiratory tract and premature intensive care infections, and the second most frequent cause of Gram-negative bacteraemia and urinary tract infections. Drug resistant isolates remain an important hospital-acquired bacterial pathogen, add significantly to hospital stays, and are especially problematic in high impact medical areas such as intensive care units. Many investigations worldwide proved the increasing resistance of such pathogen, resulting in an average rate of 1.63 outbreak every year. A variety of preventive measures were applied to reduce such incidences. Immunotherapy and passive immunization researches as well found their way to the treatment of Klebsiella. During the last 40 years, many trials for constructing effective vaccines were followed. This up-to-date review classifies such trials and documents them in a progressive way. A following comment discusses each group benefits and defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek A Ahmad
- Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Humoral immunity against capsule polysaccharide protects the host from magA+ Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced lethal disease by evading Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Infect Immun 2008; 77:615-21. [PMID: 19015249 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00931-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae magA (for mucoviscosity-associated gene A) is linked to the pathogenesis of primary pyogenic liver abscess, but the underlying mechanism by which magA increases pathogenicity is not well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of the capsular polysaccharides (CPS) in the pathogenesis of magA(+) K. pneumoniae by comparing host immunity to magA(+) K. pneumoniae and a DeltamagA mutant. We found that Toll-like receptor 4 recognition by magA(+) K. pneumoniae was hampered by the mucoviscosity of the magA(+) K. pneumoniae CPS. Interestingly, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against magA(+) K. pneumoniae CPS recognized all of the K1 strains tested but not the DeltamagA and non-K1 strains. Moreover, the anti-CPS MAbs protected mice from magA(+) K. pneumoniae-induced liver abscess formation and lethality. This indicates that the K1 epitope is a promising target for vaccine development, and anti-CPS MAbs has great potential to protect host from K1 strain-induced mortality and morbidity in diabetic and other immunocompromised patients in the future.
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Immunization with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 pilin provides O-antigen-specific protection. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2008; 15:590-7. [PMID: 18272666 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00476-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The O antigen is both a major structural outer membrane component and the dominant epitope of most gram-negative bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 produces a type IV pilus and covalently links an O-antigen repeating unit to each pilin monomer. Here we show that immunization of mice with pure pilin from strain 1244 by use of either the mouse respiratory model or the thermal injury model resulted in protection from challenge with a pilus-null O-antigen-producing 1244 mutant. These results provide evidence that the pilin glycan stimulates a protective response that targets the O antigen, suggesting that this system could be used as the basis for the development of a variety of bioconjugate vaccines protective against gram-negative bacteria.
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Rukavina T, Ticac B, Vasiljev V. IL-10 in antilipopolysaccharide immunity against systemic Klebsiella infections. Mediators Inflamm 2006; 2006:69431. [PMID: 17392590 PMCID: PMC1775033 DOI: 10.1155/mi/2006/69431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2006] [Revised: 09/12/2006] [Accepted: 09/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was undertaken in order to determine whether anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 is responsible for a previously described protection against Klebsiella infection mediated by antilipopolysaccharide antibodies. METHODS BALB/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with a lethal challenge of Klebsiella pneumoniae Caroli. One group was protected with monoclonal antibodies prior to infection and the second was not. We measured plasma levels of interleukin-10 at different time points by enzyme immunoassay and analyzed the relation between interleukin-10 and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in order to determine the association of these ratios with the outcome of infection. MAJOR FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS We found different pattern of interleukin-10 production in protected mice compared with unprotected ones. The difference is greatest 24 hours postinfection. The ratios between IL-10 and proinflammatory cytokines confirmed the suppressed proinflammatory response in protected animals, especially 24 hours postinfection. Hence the mortality in unprotected mice begins immediately after we conclude that such cytokine relation and IL-10 production are, at least partially, responsible for the destiny of infected animals and the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Rukavina
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, HR-51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Public Health, Kresimirova 52a, HR-51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Brigita Ticac
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, HR-51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Public Health, Kresimirova 52a, HR-51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vanja Vasiljev
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, HR-51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Rukavina T, Vasiljev V, Ticac B. Proinflammatory cytokines in antilipopolysaccharide immunity against Klebsiella infections. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 2005:88-95. [PMID: 16030391 PMCID: PMC1533908 DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken in order to determine
whether proinflammatory cytokines are involved in a previously
described protection against Klebsiella infection
mediated by antilipopolysaccharide antibodies. BALB/c mice were
infected intraperitoneally with a lethal challenge of
Klebsiella pneumoniae Caroli. One group of mice was
protected with monoclonal antibodies against lipopolysaccharide
prior to infection and the second was not. We determined the
number of colony-forming units at different time points in the
blood of infected animals and paralleled them with plasma levels
of five proinflammatory cytokines measured by enzyme immunoassays.
Our results show that the two groups of animals tested expressed
different plasma concentrations for all cytokines. The greatest
difference was detected 24 hours after infection, with a higher
production in the unprotected group. We concluded that a reduced
cytokine production is partially responsible for the survival of
protected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Rukavina
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Rijeka, Croatia.
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Chhibber S, Aggarwal S, Yadav V. Contribution of capsular and lipopolysaccharide antigens to the pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae respiratory tract infection. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2004; 48:699-702. [PMID: 14976731 DOI: 10.1007/bf02993481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of Klebsiella pneumoniae K- and O-polysaccharide antigens was determined in a rat model of lobar pneumonia. The induction of experimental infection in rats by wild-type strain, and its lipopolysaccharide- and capsular polysaccharide-deficient mutants was compared. Though the mutant lacking both antigens (K- O-) induced infection it could not successfully establish itself in the rat lung. It caused only mild infection, as compared to the wild type strain (K+ O+) and the strain lacking CPS alone (K- O+). Besides capsular polysaccharide, the lipopolysaccharide antigen was shown to be an important factor in pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae acute respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014 India. vanashree_y@yahoo-com
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Russo TA, Davidson BA, Carlino-MacDonald UB, Helinski JD, Priore RL, Knight PR. The effects of Escherichia coli capsule, O-antigen, host neutrophils, and complement in a rat model of Gram-negative pneumonia. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 226:355-61. [PMID: 14553933 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative enteric bacilli are agents of life-threatening pneumonia. The role of the bacterial capsule and O-antigen moiety of lipopolysaccharide in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative pneumonia was assessed. In a rat model of pneumonia the LD(50) of a wild-type extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strain (CP9) was significantly less than its isogenic derivatives deficient in capsule (CP9.137), O-antigen (CP921) or both capsule and O-antigen (CP923) (P< or =0.003). Studies using complement depleted or neutropenic animals established that both neutrophils and complement are important for the pulmonary clearance of E. coli. Data from these studies also support that capsule and O-antigen serve, at least in part, to counter the complement and neutrophil components of the pulmonary host defense response. Lastly, the contribution of E. coli versus neutrophils in causing lung injury was examined. Findings suggest that E. coli virulence factors and/or non-neutrophil host factors are more important mediators of lung injury than neutrophils. These findings extend our understanding of Gram-negative pneumonia and have treatment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Russo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, 3435 Main St., Biomedical Research Building, Room 141, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Lepper PM, Möricke A, Held TK, Schneider EM, Trautmann M. K-antigen-specific, but not O-antigen-specific natural human serum antibodies promote phagocytosis of Klebsiella pneumoniae. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2003; 35:93-8. [PMID: 12628543 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(02)00459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infections due to Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Klebsiella spp. are a leading cause of hospital-associated morbidity, especially in the intensive care setting. In this study, the hypothesis that normal human sera contain sufficient concentrations of K-antigen-specific antibodies to promote phagocytic killing of encapsulated, highly virulent Klebsiella organisms was tested. K2-antigen-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in each of 10 normal sera, and such antibodies were functionally active in a phagocytic killing assay. Phagocytosis depended critically on sufficient numbers of neutrophils and was impaired by the presence of soluble Klebsiella capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Thus, insufficient numbers of neutrophils and circulation of soluble CPS but not lack of K-specific antibodies may be detrimental in Klebsiella sepsis. The efficacy of hyperimmune sera might be based not on enhancement of phagocytosis but on the neutralization of these detrimental effects of circulating CPS and LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Lepper
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Ulm, 89075 Ulm, Germany
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Cortés G, Borrell N, de Astorza B, Gómez C, Sauleda J, Albertí S. Molecular analysis of the contribution of the capsular polysaccharide and the lipopolysaccharide O side chain to the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in a murine model of pneumonia. Infect Immun 2002; 70:2583-90. [PMID: 11953399 PMCID: PMC127904 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.5.2583-2590.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of gram-negative bacterial nosocomial pneumonia. Two surface polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O side chain and capsular polysaccharide (CPS), are critical for the microorganism in causing sepsis, but little is known about their role in pneumonia. To investigate their contribution in the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae pneumonia, we characterized the host response to bacterial challenge with a highly virulent clinical isolate or with isogenic insertion-duplication mutants deficient in CPS or LPS O side chain in a murine model of pneumonia. Animals challenged intratracheally with the wild-type or LPS O side chain-deficient strain developed pneumonia and became bacteremic before death. Extensive lung lesions as well as pleuritis, vasculitis, and edema were observed by histopathological examination, and polymorphonuclear infiltration was also demonstrated. In contrast, none of the animals challenged with the unencapsulated strain developed pneumonia or bacteremia. Examination of tissue from this group did not identify lung lesions, and none of the infected animals died. Analysis of the early host defense mechanisms that contributed to the clearance of the unencapsulated mutant showed that the levels of C3 deposited on the unencapsulated mutant surface were threefold higher than those for the wild-type and LPS O side chain-deficient strains. Furthermore, phagocytosis of the unencapsulated mutant by human alveolar macrophages (AM) was more efficient than that of the wild-type and LPS O side chain-deficient strains. We conclude that CPS, but not LPS O side chain, is essential for Klebsiella pneumonia because it modulates the deposition of C3 and protects the microorganisms against human AM phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Cortés
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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11
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Cortés G, Alvarez D, Saus C, Albertí S. Role of lung epithelial cells in defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. Infect Immun 2002; 70:1075-80. [PMID: 11854185 PMCID: PMC127765 DOI: 10.1128/iai.70.3.1075-1080.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium represents a primary site for the entry of pathogenic bacteria into the lungs. It has been suggested for many respiratory pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, that adhesion and invasion of the lung epithelial cells is an early stage of the pneumonia process. We observed that poorly encapsulated K. pneumoniae clinical isolates and an isogenic unencapsulated mutant invaded lung epithelial cells more efficiently than highly encapsulated strains independent of the K type. By contrast, the unencapsulated mutant was completely avirulent in a mouse model of pneumonia, unlike the wild-type strain, which produced pneumonia and systemic infection. Furthermore, the unencapsulated mutant bound more epithelially produced complement component C3 than the wild-type strain. Our results show that lung epithelial cells play a key role as a host defense mechanism against K. pneumoniae pneumonia, using two different strategies: (i) ingestion and control of the microorganisms and (ii) opsonization of the microorganisms. Capsular polysaccharide avoids both mechanisms and enhances the virulence of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Cortés
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Area de Microbiología, Departamento de Biologia, Universidad de las Islas Baleares and IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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12
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Singh BR, Sharma VD. Potential of Klebsiella pneumoniae cytotoxin toxoid as vaccine against klebsiellosis in rabbits and mice. Vaccine 2001; 19:4505-10. [PMID: 11483277 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The protective efficacy of toxoids prepared from crude cytotoxin (polymyxin-B extract, PBE) and purified Klebsiella cytotoxins (KCTs) was studied in rabbits and mice. The toxoids of KCT-I and PBE were found to be protective against homologous as well as heterologous Klebsiella challenges, while toxoids of KCT-II and KCT-III afforded protection in mice against homologous Klebsiella infections. KCT-I and PBE toxoids also induced good humoral anti-Klebsiella response in rabbits with ELISA titres ranging from 20480 to 81480. Immunized female rabbits passed protective anti-Klebsiella immunoglobulins to their offsprings through colostra. Baby rabbits fed on colostrum of immunized rabbits withstood lethal Klebsiella infection up to 1 month of age, but not on the 50th day. Baby rabbits having an anti-Klebsiella IgG titre > or =1280 were fully protected against lethal dose of Klebsiella. The study revealed a significant protective efficacy of KCT-I and PBE toxoids against klebsiellosis in mice and rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Singh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, -263145, Pantnagar, India.
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13
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Held TK, Jendrike NR, Rukavina T, Podschun R, Trautmann M. Binding to and opsonophagocytic activity of O-antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies against encapsulated and nonencapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype O1 strains. Infect Immun 2000; 68:2402-9. [PMID: 10768923 PMCID: PMC97438 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.5.2402-2409.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality of nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella spp. has acted as a stimulus to develop immunotherapeutic approaches targeted against surface molecules of these bacteria. Since O-antigen-specific antibodies may add to the protective effect of K antisera, we tested the functional and binding capacity of O-antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against different Klebsiella O antigens. The MAbs tested were specific for the O-polysaccharide partial antigens D-galactan II (MAb Ru-O1), D-galactan I (MAb IV/4-5), or core oligosaccharide (MAb V/9-5) of the Klebsiella serogroup O1 antigen. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay binding experiments, we found that all MAbs recognized their epitopes on intact capsule-free bacteria; however, binding to encapsulated wild-type strains belonging to different K-antigen serotypes was significantly reduced. The K2 antigen acted as the strongest penetration barrier, while the K7 and K21 antigens allowed some, though diminished, antibody binding. In vitro phagocytic killing experiments showed that MAb Ru-O1 possessed significant opsonizing activity for nonencapsulated O1 serogroup strains and also, to a much lesser extent, for encapsulated strains belonging to the O1:K7 and O1:K21 serotypes. MAbs or antisera specific for the D-galactan II antigen may thus be the most promising agents for further efforts to develop a second-generation Klebsiella hyperimmune globulin comprising both K- and O-antigen specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Held
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt University, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Baker DG. Natural pathogens of laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits and their effects on research. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998; 11:231-66. [PMID: 9564563 PMCID: PMC106832 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.11.2.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory mice, rats, and rabbits may harbor a variety of viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal agents. Frequently, these organisms cause no overt signs of disease. However, many of the natural pathogens of these laboratory animals may alter host physiology, rendering the host unsuitable for many experimental uses. While the number and prevalence of these pathogens have declined considerably, many still turn up in laboratory animals and represent unwanted variables in research. Investigators using mice, rats, and rabbits in biomedical experimentation should be aware of the profound effects that many of these agents can have on research.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Baker
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70810, USA.
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15
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Trautmann M, Ruhnke M, Rukavina T, Held TK, Cross AS, Marre R, Whitfield C. O-antigen seroepidemiology of Klebsiella clinical isolates and implications for immunoprophylaxis of Klebsiella infections. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1997; 4:550-5. [PMID: 9302204 PMCID: PMC170594 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.4.5.550-555.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To provide a database for the development of an O-antigen-polysaccharide-containing vaccine against Klebsiella spp., we examined the O-antigen seroepidemiology of 378 Klebsiella clinical isolates collected prospectively in two university centers. Strains were typed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with rabbit antisera specific for serogroups O1 to O12 and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for serogroups O1, O2ab, O2ac, and the genus-specific core antigen. The numbers of isolates (percentages) of individual O serogroups were as follows: 148 (39.2) for serogroup O1, 40 (10.6) for serogroup O2ab, 4 (1.1) for serogroup O2ac, 89 (23.6) for serogroup O3, 2 (0.5) for serogroup O4, 32 (8.5) for serogroup O5, none for serogroups O7, O9, and O12, and 21 (5.6) for serogroup O11. Forty-two (11.1) of the strains were non-O-typeable. O-serogroup distributions were virtually identical between isolates from invasive infections and those from noninvasive infections or colonizations. A vaccine containing the O-specific polysaccharides of serogroups O1, O2ab, O3, and O5 would cover 82% of clinically occurring O-antigen specificities. Three hundred thirty-eight of 378 isolates (89.4%) reacted with the genus-specific MAb V/9-5, which recognizes an epitope of the outer core region of Klebsiella lipopolysaccharide. Antibodies directed against this epitope may represent a further alternative for O-antigen-targeted immunoprophylaxis of Klebsiella infections. These data support further experimental investigations on the protective potential of O-antigen-based vaccines and/or hyperimmune globulins in Klebsiella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trautmann
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Ulm, Germany
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16
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Sahly H, Podschun R. Clinical, bacteriological, and serological aspects of Klebsiella infections and their spondylarthropathic sequelae. CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1997; 4:393-9. [PMID: 9220153 PMCID: PMC170539 DOI: 10.1128/cdli.4.4.393-399.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Sahly
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Kiel, Germany.
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17
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Rukavina T, Tícac B, Susa M, Jendrike N, Jonjíc S, Lucin P, Marre R, Doríc M, Trautmann M. Protective effect of antilipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody in experimental Klebsiella infection. Infect Immun 1997; 65:1754-60. [PMID: 9125558 PMCID: PMC175211 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.5.1754-1760.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An O-antigen-specific murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against an immunodominant epitope expressed on Klebsiella O1, O6, and O8 lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was examined with respect to its binding to nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacterial cells and its ability to protect against lethal murine Klebsiella sepsis. While the MAb (clone Ru-O1, mouse immunoglobulin G2b) bound well to nonencapsulated organisms of the O1 serogroup, binding was significantly, but not completely, abolished by the presence of the K2 capsule. In a model of experimental Klebsiella peritonitis and sepsis induced by a virulent O1:K2 serogroup strain, higher doses of anti-LPS MAb Ru-O1 than of a previously described anticapsular MAb specific for the K2 capsular polysaccharide were needed to provide protection. However, high-dose (40 microg/g of body weight) pretreatment with anti-LPS MAb Ru-O1 significantly reduced bacterial dissemination to various organs as well as macroscopic and histologic pulmonary alterations. Thus, since the number of Klebsiella capsular antigens occurring in clinical material is too large to be completely "covered" by a K-antigen-specific hyperimmunoglobulin preparation, O-antigen-specific antibodies may supplement K-antigen-specific immunoprophylaxis and -therapy of clinical Klebsiella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rukavina
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Rijeka, Croatia
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18
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Held TK, Adamczik C, Trautmann M, Cross AS. Effects of MICs and sub-MICs of antibiotics on production of capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:1093-6. [PMID: 7625794 PMCID: PMC162689 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.5.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined whether MICs and sub-MICs of antimicrobial agents belonging to two different classes, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime, were able to influence the production and release of cell-associated and soluble (extracellular) capsular polysaccharide (CPS), respectively, in a heavily encapsulated strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae (B5055). Using a CPS-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that the amount of cell-associated CPS increased in a dose-dependent manner by more than 10-fold under the influence of the MIC of ceftazidime and by more than 100-fold under the influence of the MIC of ciprofloxacin. The largest amounts of CPS were measured by using the MIC of either antibiotic substance. Electron microscopic studies showed that the diameter of the capsule was significantly increased compared with the diameter for untreated controls. Thus, both antimicrobial agents genuinely stimulated CPS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Held
- Abteilung für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow/Charlottenburg, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
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Trautmann M, Vogt K, Hammack C, Cross AS. A murine monoclonal antibody defines a unique epitope shared by Klebsiella lipopolysaccharides. Infect Immun 1994; 62:1282-8. [PMID: 7510667 PMCID: PMC186270 DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.4.1282-1288.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A hybridoma secreting a monoclonal antibody (MAb) directed against Klebsiella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was derived from spleen cells of mice immunized a smooth, nonencapsulated Klebsiella strain (Friedländer 201; serogroup O1). The MAb, called V/9-5 (immunoglobulin G2a), cross-reacted with LPS preparations produced from reference strains for the Klebsiella O serogroups O1, O2ab, O2ac, O3, O4, O5, and O12. Furthermore, the MAb reacted with LPSs from serogroup reference strains O6/O8, O9, and O11, which are regarded as being identical to O1, O2, and O4, respectively. When testing the supernatant of clinically isolated Klebsiella strains by means of an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we found that 86 (92.4%) of 93 Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae isolates and 24 (96.0%) of 25 K. oxytoca isolates harbored the cross-reactive epitope. By contrast, two laboratory strains of K. pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis did not react with MAb V/9-5. The MAb proved to be specific for the genus Klebsiella, since it did not react with any of a total of 73 strains belonging to other gram-negative bacterial genera. In conjunction with other LPS-specific MAbs, MAb V/9-5 might become a useful reagent for rapid identification of klebsiellae in clinical specimens. Furthermore, the epitope recognized by MAb V/9-5 might serve as a target epitope for the production of human MAbs for immunotherapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trautmann
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Ulm, Federal Republic of Germany
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