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Bioconversion of CO to formate by artificially designed carbon monoxide:formate oxidoreductase in hyperthermophilic archaea. Commun Biol 2022; 5:539. [PMID: 35660788 PMCID: PMC9166738 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFerredoxin-dependent metabolic engineering of electron transfer circuits has been developed to enhance redox efficiency in the field of synthetic biology, e.g., for hydrogen production and for reduction of flavoproteins or NAD(P)+. Here, we present the bioconversion of carbon monoxide (CO) gas to formate via a synthetic CO:formate oxidoreductase (CFOR), designed as an enzyme complex for direct electron transfer between non-interacting CO dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase using an electron-transferring Fe-S fusion protein. The CFOR-introduced Thermococcus onnurineus mutant strains showed CO-dependent formate production in vivo and in vitro. The maximum formate production rate from purified CFOR complex and specific formate productivity from the bioreactor were 2.2 ± 0.2 μmol/mg/min and 73.1 ± 29.0 mmol/g-cells/h, respectively. The CO-dependent CO2 reduction/formate production activity of synthetic CFOR was confirmed, indicating that direct electron transfer between two unrelated dehydrogenases was feasible via mediation of the FeS-FeS fusion protein.
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2
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Cavazza C, Collin-Faure V, Pérard J, Diemer H, Cianférani S, Rabilloud T, Darrouzet E. Proteomic analysis of Rhodospirillum rubrum after carbon monoxide exposure reveals an important effect on metallic cofactor biosynthesis. J Proteomics 2022; 250:104389. [PMID: 34601154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Some carboxydotrophs like Rhodospirillum rubrum are able to grow with CO as their sole source of energy using a Carbone monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) and an Energy conserving hydrogenase (ECH) to perform anaerobically the so called water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) (CO + H2O → CO2 + H2). Several studies have focused at the biochemical and biophysical level on this enzymatic system and a few OMICS studies on CO metabolism. Knowing that CO is toxic in particular due to its binding to heme iron atoms, and is even considered as a potential antibacterial agent, we decided to use a proteomic approach in order to analyze R. rubrum adaptation in term of metabolism and management of the toxic effect. In particular, this study allowed highlighting a set of proteins likely implicated in ECH maturation, and important perturbations in term of cofactor biosynthesis, especially metallic cofactors. This shows that even this CO tolerant microorganism cannot avoid completely CO toxic effects associated with its interaction with metallic ions. SIGNIFICANCE: This proteomic study highlights the fact that even in a microorganism able to handle carbon monoxide and in some way detoxifying it via the intrinsic action of the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH), CO has important effects on metal homeostasis, metal cofactors and metalloproteins. These effects are direct or indirect via transcription regulation, and amplified by the high interdependency of cofactors biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cavazza
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Julien Pérard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 (CNRS-CEA), 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI - FR2048 (CNRS-CEA), 67087 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, CBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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3
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The periodic table of photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacteria: intact cell-metal ions interactions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 21:101-111. [PMID: 34748197 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNB) have been widely utilized as model organisms to study bacterial photosynthesis. More recently, the remarkable resistance of these microorganisms to several metals ions called particular interest. As a result, several research efforts were directed toward clarifying the interactions of metal ions with PNB. The mechanisms of metal ions active uptake and bioabsorption have been studied in detail, unveiling that PNB enable harvesting and removing various toxic ions, thus fostering applications in environmental remediation. Herein, we present the most important achievements in the understanding of intact cell-metal ions interactions and the approaches utilized to study such processes. Following, the application of PNB-metal ions interactions toward metal removal from contaminated environments is presented. Finally, the possible coupling of PNB with abiotic electrodes to obtain biohybrid electrochemical systems is proposed as a sustainable pathway to tune and enhance metal removal and monitoring.
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Alfano M, Pérard J, Carpentier P, Basset C, Zambelli B, Timm J, Crouzy S, Ciurli S, Cavazza C. The carbon monoxide dehydrogenase accessory protein CooJ is a histidine-rich multidomain dimer containing an unexpected Ni(II)-binding site. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:7601-7614. [PMID: 30858174 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of nickel enzymes requires specific accessory proteins organized in multiprotein complexes controlling metal transfer to the active site. Histidine-rich clusters are generally present in at least one of the metallochaperones involved in nickel delivery. The maturation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase in the proteobacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum requires three accessory proteins, CooC, CooT, and CooJ, dedicated to nickel insertion into the active site, a distorted [NiFe3S4] cluster coordinated to an iron site. Previously, CooJ from R. rubrum (RrCooJ) has been described as a nickel chaperone with 16 histidines and 2 cysteines at its C terminus. Here, the X-ray structure of a truncated version of RrCooJ, combined with small-angle X-ray scattering data and a modeling study of the full-length protein, revealed a homodimer comprising a coiled coil with two independent and highly flexible His tails. Using isothermal calorimetry, we characterized several metal-binding sites (four per dimer) involving the His-rich motifs and having similar metal affinity (KD = 1.6 μm). Remarkably, biophysical approaches, site-directed mutagenesis, and X-ray crystallography uncovered an additional nickel-binding site at the dimer interface, which binds Ni(II) with an affinity of 380 nm Although RrCooJ was initially thought to be a unique protein, a proteome database search identified at least 46 bacterial CooJ homologs. These homologs all possess two spatially separated nickel-binding motifs: a variable C-terminal histidine tail and a strictly conserved H(W/F)X 2HX 3H motif, identified in this study, suggesting a dual function for CooJ both as a nickel chaperone and as a nickel storage protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marila Alfano
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Julien Pérard
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Philippe Carpentier
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Christian Basset
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Barbara Zambelli
- the Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jennifer Timm
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Serge Crouzy
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
| | - Stefano Ciurli
- the Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christine Cavazza
- From the Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, F-38000 Grenoble, France and
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Timm J, Brochier-Armanet C, Perard J, Zambelli B, Ollagnier-de-Choudens S, Ciurli S, Cavazza C. The CO dehydrogenase accessory protein CooT is a novel nickel-binding protein. Metallomics 2018; 9:575-583. [PMID: 28447092 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In Rhodospirillum rubrum, maturation of Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase (CODH) requires three accessory proteins, CooC, CooT and CooJ, dedicated to nickel insertion into the active site, which is constituted by a distorted [NiFe3S4] cubane coordinated with a mononuclear Fe site. CooC is an ATPase proposed to provide the energy required for the maturation process, while CooJ is described as a metallochaperone with 16 histidines and 2 cysteines at the C-terminus, likely involved in metal binding and/or storage. Prior to the present study, no information was available on CooT at the molecular level. Here, the X-ray structure of RrCooT was obtained, which revealed that this protein is a homodimer featuring a fold that resembles an Sm-like domain, suggesting a role in RNA metabolism that was however not supported by experimental observations. Biochemical and biophysical evidence based on circular dichroism spectroscopy, light scattering, isothermal titration calorimetry and site-directed mutagenesis showed that RrCooT specifically binds a single Ni(ii) per dimer, with a dissociation constant of 9 nM, through the pair of Cys2, highly conserved residues, located at the dimer interface. Despite its role in the activation of RrCODH in vivo, CooT was thought to be a unique protein, found only in R. rubrum, with an unclear function. In this study, we extended the biological impact of CooT, establishing that this protein is a member of a novel Ni(ii)-binding protein family with 111 homologues, linked to anaerobic metabolism in bacteria and archaea, and in most cases to the presence of CODH.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timm
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, BioCat, F-Grenoble, France
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Maturation of the [Ni-4Fe-4S] active site of carbon monoxide dehydrogenases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:613-620. [PMID: 29445873 PMCID: PMC6006190 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-containing enzymes are diverse in terms of function and active site structure. In many cases, the biosynthesis of the active site depends on accessory proteins which transport and insert the Ni ion. We review and discuss the literature related to the maturation of carbon monoxide dehydrogenases (CODH) which bear a nickel-containing active site consisting of a [Ni–4Fe–4S] center called the C-cluster. The maturation of this center has been much less studied than that of other nickel-containing enzymes such as urease and NiFe hydrogenase. Several proteins present in certain CODH operons, including the nickel-binding proteins CooT and CooJ, still have unclear functions. We question the conception that the maturation of all CODH depends on the accessory protein CooC described as essential for nickel insertion into the active site. The available literature reveals biological variations in CODH active site biosynthesis.
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Metal interactions with the transmembrane region of HupE Ni 2+ transporter explain its efficiency. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 180:33-38. [PMID: 29227924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Efficient nickel transport is crucial for the survival and virulence of various bacteria and fungi, with Ni2+ being required for the activity of nine enzymes such as [NiFe] hydrogenase, which catalyzes the reversible oxidation of molecular hydrogen for energy production. This work focuses on a region of transmembrane domain I from the HupE nickel transporter, highly conserved in the HupE/UreJ and NiCoT permease families, analyzing its interactions with native Ni2+ and two other metal ions (Cu2+ and Zn2+), which might interfere with nickel binding. Metal coordination sites are pointed out and thermodynamic parameters are discussed in detail. Their comparison to the previously studied periplasmic metal binding region satisfies our chemical curiosity and allows to draw conclusions about HupE metal specificity. The results of this study explain one of the reasons why HupE is a medium-affinity and low-capacity transporter - its periplasmic region, 22HVGLHADGTLAGLN35, binds Ni2+ with much higher affinity than the transmembrane 36HPFSGLDH43 one, which should transport the metal inside the cell. Moreover, the specificity of the transmembrane region is similar to that of the periplasmic one and to that of the full-length HupE - Cu2+ ions are able to outcompete Ni2+.
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Geelhoed JS, Henstra AM, Stams AJM. Carboxydotrophic growth of Geobacter sulfurreducens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:997-1007. [PMID: 26481622 PMCID: PMC4703632 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study shows that Geobacter sulfurreducens grows on carbon monoxide (CO) as electron donor with fumarate as electron acceptor. Geobacter sulfurreducens was tolerant to high CO levels, with up to 150 kPa in the headspace tested. During growth, hydrogen was detected in very slight amounts (∼5 Pa). In assays with cell-free extract of cells grown with CO and fumarate, production of hydrogen from CO was not observed, and hydrogenase activity with benzyl viologen as electron acceptor was very low. Taken together, this suggested that CO is not utilized via hydrogen as intermediate. In the presence of CO, reduction of NADP+ was observed at a rate comparable to CO oxidation coupled to fumarate reduction in vivo. The G. sulfurreducens genome contains a single putative carbon monoxide dehydrogenase-encoding gene. The gene is part of a predicted operon also comprising a putative Fe–S cluster-binding subunit (CooF) and a FAD–NAD(P) oxidoreductase and is preceded by a putative CO-sensing transcription factor. This cluster may be involved in a novel pathway for CO oxidation, but further studies are necessary to ascertain this. Similar gene clusters are present in several other species belonging to the Deltaproteobacteria and Firmicutes, for which CO utilization is currently not known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine S Geelhoed
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Korringaweg 7, 4401 NT, Yerseke, The Netherlands.
| | - Anne M Henstra
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2EF, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alfons J M Stams
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Kis M, Sipka G, Asztalos E, Rázga Z, Maróti P. Purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria monitor environmental stresses. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 151:110-7. [PMID: 26232748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal ion pollution and oxygen deficiency are major environmental risks for microorganisms in aqueous habitat. The potential of purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria for biomonitoring and bioremediation was assessed by investigating the photosynthetic capacity in heavy metal contaminated environments. Cultures of bacterial strains Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rubrivivax gelatinosus were treated with heavy metal ions in micromolar (Hg(2+)), submillimolar (Cr(6+)) and millimolar (Pb(2+)) concentration ranges. Functional assays (flash-induced absorption changes and bacteriochlorophyll fluorescence induction) and electron micrographs were taken to specify the harmful effects of pollution and to correlate to morphological changes of the membrane. The bacterial strains and functional tests showed differentiated responses to environmental stresses, revealing that diverse mechanisms of tolerance and/or resistance are involved. The microorganisms were vulnerable to the prompt effect of Pb(2+), showed weak tolerance to Hg(2+) and proved to be tolerant to Cr(6+). The reaction center controlled electron transfer in Rvx. gelatinosus demonstrated the highest degree of resistance against heavy metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Kis
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sipka
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Asztalos
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Rázga
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Maróti
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Szeged, Hungary.
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10
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Albareda M, Rodrigue A, Brito B, Ruiz-Argüeso T, Imperial J, Mandrand-Berthelot MA, Palacios J. Rhizobium leguminosarum HupE is a highly-specific diffusion facilitator for nickel uptake. Metallomics 2015; 7:691-701. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Functional and topological analysis ofRhizobium leguminosarumHupE, the founding member of the HupE/UreJ family of nickel permeases, provides new hints on how bacteria manage nickel provision for metalloenzyme synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Albareda
- Departamento de Biotecnología
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos and Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (C.B.G.P.)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Campus de Montegancedo
- 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Agnès Rodrigue
- Microbiologie
- Adaptation et Pathogénie
- F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Belén Brito
- Departamento de Biotecnología
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos and Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (C.B.G.P.)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Campus de Montegancedo
- 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Tomás Ruiz-Argüeso
- Departamento de Biotecnología
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos and Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (C.B.G.P.)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Campus de Montegancedo
- 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Juan Imperial
- Departamento de Biotecnología
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos and Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (C.B.G.P.)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Campus de Montegancedo
- 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | | | - Jose Palacios
- Departamento de Biotecnología
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos and Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (C.B.G.P.)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
- Campus de Montegancedo
- 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
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11
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Wawrousek K, Noble S, Korlach J, Chen J, Eckert C, Yu J, Maness PC. Genome annotation provides insight into carbon monoxide and hydrogen metabolism in Rubrivivax gelatinosus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114551. [PMID: 25479613 PMCID: PMC4257681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the sequencing and analysis of the genome of the purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus CBS. This microbe is a model for studies of its carboxydotrophic life style under anaerobic condition, based on its ability to utilize carbon monoxide (CO) as the sole carbon substrate and water as the electron acceptor, yielding CO2 and H2 as the end products. The CO-oxidation reaction is known to be catalyzed by two enzyme complexes, the CO dehydrogenase and hydrogenase. As expected, analysis of the genome of Rx. gelatinosus CBS reveals the presence of genes encoding both enzyme complexes. The CO-oxidation reaction is CO-inducible, which is consistent with the presence of two putative CO-sensing transcription factors in its genome. Genome analysis also reveals the presence of two additional hydrogenases, an uptake hydrogenase that liberates the electrons in H2 in support of cell growth, and a regulatory hydrogenase that senses H2 and relays the signal to a two-component system that ultimately controls synthesis of the uptake hydrogenase. The genome also contains two sets of hydrogenase maturation genes which are known to assemble the catalytic metallocluster of the hydrogenase NiFe active site. Collectively, the genome sequence and analysis information reveals the blueprint of an intricate network of signal transduction pathways and its underlying regulation that enables Rx. gelatinosus CBS to thrive on CO or H2 in support of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wawrousek
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Scott Noble
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jonas Korlach
- Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Carrie Eckert
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Jianping Yu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Pin-Ching Maness
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Ardestani MM, van Straalen NM, van Gestel CAM. The relationship between metal toxicity and biotic ligand binding affinities in aquatic and soil organisms: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 195:133-47. [PMID: 25217851 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biotic ligand model (BLM) is a theoretical, potentially mechanistic approach to assess metal bioavailability in soil and aquatic systems. In a BLM, toxicity is linked to the fraction of biotic ligand occupied, which in turn, depends on the various components of the solution, including activity of the metal. Bioavailability is a key factor in determining toxicity and uptake of metals in organisms. In this study, the present status of BLM development for soil and aquatic organisms is summarized. For all species and all metals, toxicity was correlated with the conditional biotic ligand binding constants. For almost all organisms, values for Ag, Cu, and Cd were higher than those for Zn and Ni. The constants derived for aquatic systems seem to be equally valid for soil organisms, but in the case of soils, bioavailability from the soil solution is greatly influenced by the presence of the soil solid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Nico M van Straalen
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Magnin JP, Gondrexon N, Willison JC. Zinc biosorption by the purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:829-37. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2014-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the first report providing information on the zinc (Zn) biosorption potentialities of the purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. The effects of various biological, physical, and chemical parameters on Zn biosorption were studied in both the wild-type strain B10 and a strain, RC220, lacking the endogenous plasmid. At an initial Zn concentration of 10 mg·L−1, the Zn biosorption capacity at pH 7 for bacterial biomass grown in synthetic medium containing lactate as carbon source was 17 and 16 mg Zn·(g dry mass)–1 for strains B10 and RC220, respectively. Equilibrium was achieved in a contact time of 30–120 min, depending on the initial Zn concentration. Zn sorption by live biomass was modelled, at equilibrium, according to the Redlich–Peterson and Langmuir isotherms, in the range of 1–600 mg Zn·L−1. The wild-type strain showed a maximal Zn uptake capacity (Qm) of 164 ± 8 mg·(g dry mass)−1 and an equilibrium constant (Kads) of 0.017 ± 0.00085 L·(mg Zn)−1, compared with values of 73.9 mg·(g dry mass)−1 and 0.361 L·mg−1 for the strain lacking the endogenous plasmid. The Qm value observed for R. capsulatus B10 is one of the highest reported in the literature, suggesting that this strain may be useful for Zn bioremediation. The lower Qm value and higher equilibrium constant observed for strain RC220 suggest that the endogenous plasmid confers an enhanced biosorption capacity in this bacterium, although no genetic determinants for Zn resistance appear to be located on the plasmid, and possible explanations for this are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Magnin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire d’electrochimie et de physicochimie des matériaux et des interfaces (LEPMI), F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Gondrexon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LRP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire rhéologie et procédés (LRP), F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - John C. Willison
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de recherches en technologies et sciences pour le vivant – Laboratoire de chimie et biologie des métaux (iRTSV–LCBM), F-38000, France
- CNRS, iRTSV–LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), iRTSV–LCBM, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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14
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Toxic chromate reduction by resistant and sensitive bacteria isolated from tannery effluent contaminated soil. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Deborah B. Zamble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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16
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Fermoso FG, Bartacek J, Jansen S, Lens PNL. Metal supplementation to UASB bioreactors: from cell-metal interactions to full-scale application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2009; 407:3652-3667. [PMID: 19091385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) bioreactors are commonly used for anaerobic wastewater treatment. Trace metals need to be dosed to these bioreactors to maintain microbial metabolism and growth. The dosing needs to balance the supply of a minimum amount of micronutrients to support a desired microbial activity or growth rate with a maximum level of micronutrient supply above which the trace metals become inhibitory or toxic. In studies on granular sludge reactors, the required micronutrients are undefined and different metal formulations with differences in composition, concentration and species are used. Moreover, an appropriate quantification of the required nutrient dosing and suitable ranges during the entire operational period has been given little attention. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge of the interactions between trace metals and cells growing in anaerobic granules, which is the main type of biomass retention in anaerobic wastewater treatment reactors. The impact of trace metal limitation as well as overdosing (toxicity) on the biomass is overviewed and the consequences for reactor performance are detailed. Special attention is given to the influence of metal speciation in the liquid and solid phase on bioavailability. The currently used methods for trace metal dosing into wastewater treatment reactors are overviewed and ways of optimization are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Fermoso
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, "Biotechnion"-Bomenweg 2, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Shit S, Sen S, Mitra S, Hughes DL. Syntheses, characterization and crystal structures of two square-planar Ni(II) complexes with unsymmetrical tridentate Schiff base ligands and monodentate pseudohalides. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-009-9189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Pisani F, Italiano F, de Leo F, Gallerani R, Rinalducci S, Zolla L, Agostiano A, Ceci L, Trotta M. Soluble proteome investigation of cobalt effect on the carotenoidless mutant ofRhodobacter sphaeroides. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 106:338-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.04007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Alam MZ, Malik A. Chromate resistance, transport and bioreduction byExiguobacteriumsp. ZM-2 isolated from agricultural soil irrigated with tannery effluent. J Basic Microbiol 2008; 48:416-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200800046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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20
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Buccolieri A, Italiano F, Dell'Atti A, Buccolieri G, Giotta L, Agostiano A, Milano F, Trotta M. Testing the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides as heavy metal removal tool. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 96:195-203. [PMID: 16836253 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200690019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We present some preliminary results relevant to the ability of the purple non-sulphur bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain R26.1 to sequester heavy metals from contaminated growth media. The microorganism was chosen because of its significant tolerance to relatively high concentrations of the investigated ions Ni2+, Co2+, CrO4(2-), and MoO4(2-). In this paper the optimized conditions for the bacterial growth and the sample preparation used to infer the ability of the microorganism to cope with metal pollutants are presented. Elemental analysis has been performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry previous mineralization of samples by a microwave system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Buccolieri
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Lecce, via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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21
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Giotta L, Agostiano A, Italiano F, Milano F, Trotta M. Heavy metal ion influence on the photosynthetic growth of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 62:1490-9. [PMID: 16081134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Revised: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The potential of purple non-sulphur bacteria for bioremediation was assessed by investigating the ability of Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain R26.1 to grow photosynthetically in heavy metal contaminated environments. Bacterial cultures were carried out in artificially polluted media, enriched with the transition metal ions Hg2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Co2+, MoO4(2-), and CrO4(2-) in millimolar concentration range. For each investigated ion the effect on growth parameters was evaluated. The analysis of concentration-effect curves revealed a differentiated response, indicating that diverse mechanisms of tolerance and/or resistance are involved. Adaptation or selection procedures were not applied, leading to assess intrinsic abilities of coping with these contaminants. The microorganism proved to be highly tolerant to heavy metal exposure, especially towards Co2+, Fe2+ and MoO4(2-). In addition Ni2+ and Co2+ were found to decrease the cellular content of light harvesting complexes. A characteristic behavior was observed with mercuric ions, which produced a significant increase of the lag-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Giotta
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Lecce, strada per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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22
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Sarkar S, Mondal A, El Fallah MS, Ribas J, Chopra D, Stoeckli-Evans H, Rajak KK. Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of two end-on double azido bridged nickel(II) dinuclear entities incorporating N,N,N-coordinating tridentate reduced Schiff base ligands. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Jeon WB, Singer SW, Ludden PW, Rubio LM. New insights into the mechanism of nickel insertion into carbon monoxide dehydrogenase: analysis of Rhodospirillum rubrum carbon monoxide dehydrogenase variants with substituted ligands to the [Fe3S4] portion of the active-site C-cluster. J Biol Inorg Chem 2005; 10:903-12. [PMID: 16283394 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-005-0043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) from Rhodospirillum rubrum catalyzes the oxidation of CO to CO2. A unique [NiFe4S4] cluster, known as the C-cluster, constitutes the active site of the enzyme. When grown in Ni-deficient medium R. rubrum accumulates a Ni-deficient apo form of CODH that is readily activated by Ni. It has been previously shown that activation of apo-CODH by Ni is a two-step process involving the rapid formation of an inactive apo-CODH*Ni complex prior to conversion to the active holo-CODH. We have generated CODH variants with substitutions in cysteine residues involved in the coordination of the [Fe3S4] portion of the C-cluster. Analysis of the variants suggests that the cysteine residues at positions 338, 451, and 481 are important for CO oxidation activity catalyzed by CODH but not for Ni binding to the C-cluster. C451S CODH is the only new variant that retains residual CO oxidation activity. Comparison of the kinetics and pH dependence of Ni activation of the apo forms of wild-type, C451S, and C531A CODH allowed us to develop a model for Ni insertion into the C-cluster of CODH in which Ni reversibly binds to the C-cluster and subsequently coordinates Cys531 in the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Bae Jeon
- Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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24
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has long been known to have dramatic physiological effects on organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, but recently there have a number of suggestions that organisms might have specific sensors for CO. This article reviews the current evidence for a variety of proteins with demonstrated or potential CO-sensing ability. Particular emphasis is placed on the molecular description of CooA, a heme-containing CO sensor from Rhodospirillum rubrum, since its biological role as a CO sensor is clear and we have substantial insight into the basis of its sensing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Roberts
- Department of Bacteriology, 420 Henry Mall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Nickel is an essential nutrient for selected microorganisms where it participates in a variety of cellular processes. Many microbes are capable of sensing cellular nickel ion concentrations and taking up this nutrient via nickel-specific permeases or ATP-binding cassette-type transport systems. The metal ion is specifically incorporated into nickel-dependent enzymes, often via complex assembly processes requiring accessory proteins and additional non-protein components, in some cases accompanied by nucleotide triphosphate hydrolysis. To date, nine nickel-containing enzymes are known: urease, NiFe-hydrogenase, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA decarbonylase/synthase, methyl coenzyme M reductase, certain superoxide dismutases, some glyoxylases, aci-reductone dioxygenase, and methylenediurease. Seven of these enzymes have been structurally characterized, revealing distinct metallocenter environments in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Mulrooney
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, 6193 Biomedical Physical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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26
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Smiejan A, Wilkinson KJ, Rossier C. Cd bioaccumulation by a freshwater bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:701-706. [PMID: 12636267 DOI: 10.1021/es025901h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cd bioaccumulation by Rhodospirillum rubrum, a Gram-negative freshwater bacterium, was studied in a synthetic medium. The free ion (Cd2+) was the best predictor of the Cd internalization fluxes. Representation of the short-term uptake fluxes as a function of [Cd2+] in the medium demonstrated a linear relationship, as would be expected for a rate-limiting, first-order internalization with a single transporter. Nonetheless, several different accumulation profiles were observed, depending on the Cd concentration. Cd uptake was regulated differently for concentrations above and below 10(-6) M (or was regulated only above [Cd2+] = 10(-6) M). Short-and long-term studies revealed that regulation was rapidly initiated for the highest Cd concentrations examined, effectively decreasing both adsorbed and internalized Cd. Anodic stripping voltammetry demonstrated that a Cd complexing ligand was produced within minutes upon exposure to 5 x 10(-6) M Cd2+ and that an extracellular sequestration of Cd was one mechanism regulating Cd uptake. Competition studies with other cations revealed a competitive inhibition of Cd uptake by Zn and an uptake enhancement in the presence of Mn and Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smiejan
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Microbial Ecology, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva (Bastions), 3 Place de l'Université, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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27
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Iwanicki A, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Pierechod M, Séror SJ, Obuchowski M. PrpE, a PPP protein phosphatase from Bacillus subtilis with unusual substrate specificity. Biochem J 2002; 366:929-36. [PMID: 12059787 PMCID: PMC1222824 DOI: 10.1042/bj20011591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2001] [Revised: 05/21/2002] [Accepted: 06/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive bacterium with a relatively large number of protein phosphatases. Previous studies have shown that some Ser/Thr phosphatases play an important role in the life cycle of this bacterium [Losick and Stragier (1992) Nature (London) 355, 601-604; Yang, Kang, Brody and Price (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 2265-2275]. In this paper, we report the biochemical properties of a putative, previously uncharacterized phosphatase, PrpE, belonging to the PPP family. This enzyme shares homology with other PPP phosphatases as well as with symmetrical diadenosine tetraphosphatases related to ApaH (symmetrical Ap(4)A hydrolase) from Escherichia coli. A His-tagged recombinant PrpE was purified from E. coli and shown to have Ni(2+)-dependent and okadaic acid-resistant phosphatase activity against a synthetic phosphorylated peptide and hydrolase activity against diadenosine 5',5"'-tetraphosphate. Unexpectedly, PrpE was able to remove phosphate from phosphotyrosine, but not from phosphothreonine or phosphoserine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Iwanicki
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Kładki 24, Poland
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28
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Johnston AW, Yeoman KH, Wexler M. Metals and the rhizobial-legume symbiosis--uptake, utilization and signalling. Adv Microb Physiol 2002; 45:113-56. [PMID: 11450108 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(01)45003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we consider how the nitrogen-fixing root nodule bacteria, the 'rhizobia', acquire various metals, paying particular attention to the uptake of iron. We also review the literature pertaining to the roles of molybdenum and nickel in the symbiosis with legumes. We highlight some gaps in our knowledge, for example the lack of information on how rhizobia acquire molybdenum. We examine the means whereby different metals affect rhizobial physiology and the role of metals as signals for gene regulation. We describe the ways in which genetics has shown (or not) if, and how, particular metal uptake and/or metal-mediated signalling pathways are required for the symbiotic interaction with legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Johnston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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29
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Jeon WB, Cheng J, Ludden PW. Purification and characterization of membrane-associated CooC protein and its functional role in the insertion of nickel into carbon monoxide dehydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:38602-9. [PMID: 11507093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104945200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The accessory protein CooC, which contains a nucleotide-binding domain (P-loop) near the N terminus, participates in the maturation of the nickel center of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH). In this study, CooC was purified from the chromatophore membranes of Rhodospirillum rubrum with a 3,464-fold purification and a 0.8% recovery, and its biochemical properties were characterized. CooC is a homodimer with a molecular mass of 61-63 kDa, contains less than 0.1 atom of Ni(2+) or Fe(2+) per dimer, and has a lambda(max) at 277.5 nm (epsilon(277.5) 32.1 mm(-1) cm(-1)) with no absorption peaks at the visible region. CooC catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP and GTP with K(m) values of 24.4 and 26.0 microm and V(max) values of 58.7 and 3.7 nmol/min/mg protein for ATP and GTP hydrolysis, respectively. The P-loop mutated form of K13Q CooC was generated by site-specific replacement of lysine by glutamine and was purified according to the protocol for wild-type CooC purification. The K13Q CooC was inactive both in ATP hydrolysis and in vivo nickel insertion. In vitro nickel activation of apoCODH in the cell extracts from UR2 (wild type) and UR871 (K13Q CooC) showed that activation of nickel-deficient CODH was enhanced by CooC and dependent upon ATP hydrolysis. The overall results suggest that CooC couples ATP hydrolysis with nickel insertion into apoCODH. On the basis of our results and models for analogous systems, the functional roles of CooC in nickel processing into the active site of CODH are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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30
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Roberts GP, Thorsteinsson MV, Kerby RL, Lanzilotta WN, Poulos T. CooA: a heme-containing regulatory protein that serves as a specific sensor of both carbon monoxide and redox state. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2001; 67:35-63. [PMID: 11525385 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(01)67024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
CooA, the heme-containing carbon monoxide (CO) sensor from the bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum, is a transcriptional factor that activates expression of certain genes in response to CO. As with other heme proteins, CooA is unable to bind CO when the Fe heme is oxidized, consistent with the fact that some of the regulated gene products are oxygen-labile. Upon reduction, there is an unusual switch of protein ligands to the six-coordinate heme and the reduced heme is able to bind CO. CO binding stabilizes a conformation of the dimeric protein that allows sequence-specific DNA binding, and transcription is activated through contacts between CooA and RNA polymerase. CooA is therefore a novel redox sensor as well as a specific CO sensor. CooA is a homolog of catabolite responsive protein (CRP), whose transcriptionally active conformation has been known for some time. The recent solution of the crystal structure of the CO-free (transcriptionally inactive) form of CooA has allowed insights into the mechanism by which both proteins respond to their specific small-molecule effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Roberts
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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31
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Persans MW, Salt DE. Possible molecular mechanisms involved in nickel, zinc and selenium hyperaccumulation in plants. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2001; 17:389-413. [PMID: 11255675 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2000.10647999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M W Persans
- Chemistry Department, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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32
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Lee CH, Lasbury ME, Paulsrud JR, Bauer NL, Brady SL, Weinberg GA, Durant PJ, Bartlett MS, Smith JW. Characterization of the gene encoding a histidine and aspartic acid-rich protein from Pneumocystis carinii. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2000; 47:581-4. [PMID: 11128711 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA clone derived from Pneumocystis carinii contained an unusual sequence (GTGATG)2(ATGGTG)4(ATG)4 and many GAT repeats. It was found to encode a histidine and aspartic acid-rich protein (HARP). The complete cDNA contained an 888-bp open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 32.6 kDa. The deduced HARP protein contained 39 aspartic acid and 22 histidine residues. The genomic copy of the HARP gene (1203 bp in length) was found to contain 3 small introns of 46, 44, and 38 bp, respectively. HARP was predicted by computer programs to be a plasma membrane protein with nickel-binding activity.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Aspartic Acid/analysis
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
- Fungal Proteins/chemistry
- Fungal Proteins/genetics
- Fungal Proteins/metabolism
- Genes, Fungal
- Histidine/analysis
- Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Nickel/metabolism
- Open Reading Frames
- Pneumocystis/chemistry
- Pneumocystis/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Software
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
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