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Hup-Type Hydrogenases of Purple Bacteria: Homology Modeling and Computational Assessment of Biotechnological Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21010366. [PMID: 31935912 PMCID: PMC6981441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional structures of six closely related hydrogenases from purple bacteria were modeled by combining the template-based and ab initio modeling approach. The results led to the conclusion that there should be a 4Fe3S cluster in the structure of these enzymes. Thus, these hydrogenases could draw interest for exploring their oxygen tolerance and practical applicability in hydrogen fuel cells. Analysis of the 4Fe3S cluster’s microenvironment showed intragroup heterogeneity. A possible function of the C-terminal part of the small subunit in membrane binding is discussed. Comparison of the built models with existing hydrogenases of the same subgroup (membrane-bound oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases) was carried out. Analysis of intramolecular interactions in the large subunits showed statistically reliable differences in the number of hydrophobic interactions and ionic interactions. Molecular tunnels were mapped in the models and compared with structures from the PDB. Protein–protein docking showed that these enzymes could exchange electrons in an oligomeric state, which is important for oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases. Molecular docking with model electrode compounds showed mostly the same results as with hydrogenases from E. coli, H. marinus, R. eutropha, and S. enterica; some interesting results were shown in case of HupSL from Rba. sphaeroides and Rvi. gelatinosus.
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Asada Y, Koike Y, Schnackenberg J, Miyake M, Uemura I, Miyake J. Heterologous expression of clostridial hydrogenase in the Cyanobacterium synechococcus PCC7942. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1490:269-78. [PMID: 10684972 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Clostridium pasteurianum hydrogenase I has been expressed in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942. The Shine-Dalgarno sequence of the structural gene encoding hydrogenase I from C. pasteurianum was changed to that of the cat (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) gene. The hydrogenase gene was cloned downstream of a strong promoter, isolated from Synechococcus PCC7942, with the cat gene as a reporter gene. Expression of clostridial hydrogenase was confirmed by Western and Northern blot analyses in Synechococcus and Escherichia coli, whereas in vivo/in vitro measurements and activity staining of soluble proteins separated on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels revealed functional expression of hydrogenase only in cyanobacterial cells. The changed Shine-Dalgarno sequence appeared to be essential for the functional expression of clostridial hydrogenase in Synechococcus, but had no influence on the expression and activity of clostridial hydrogenase expressed in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Asada
- Industrial Technology Center of Okayama Prefecture, 5301 Haga, Okayama-shi, Japan
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Schnackenberg J, Miyake M, Miyake J, Zorin NA, Asada Y. In vitro and in vivo coupling of Thiocapsa hydrogenase with cyanobacterial and algal electron mediators. J Biosci Bioeng 1999; 88:30-4. [PMID: 16232569 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(99)80171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/1998] [Accepted: 04/08/1999] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
H2 activation by the oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase from the purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina, using electron mediators of cyanobacterial and algal origin, has been demonstrated. Ferredoxins, either from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 or the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus, are capable of providing electrons for hydrogenase-mediated H2 evolution. The high-potential cytochrome c6 from Synechococcus PCC7942 proved to be capable of accepting electrons derived from hydrogenase-mediated H2 oxidation. In subsequent experiments, Thiocapsa hydrogenase was introduced into the cells of Synechococcus PCC7942 by electroporation, for enhanced H2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schnackenberg
- National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, AIST/MITI, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
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ORMEROD JG, GEST H. Symposium on metabolism of inorganic compounds. IV. Hydrogen photosynthesis and alternative metabolic pathways in photosynthetic bacteria. BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 1998; 26:51-66. [PMID: 14482327 PMCID: PMC441136 DOI: 10.1128/br.26.1.51-66.1962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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KORNBERG HL, ELSDEN SR. The metabolism of 2-carbon compounds by microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 23:401-70. [PMID: 14458447 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122686.ch8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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PEEL JL. The breakdown of pyruvate by cell-free extracts of the rumen micro-organism LC. Biochem J 1998; 74:525-41. [PMID: 14431361 PMCID: PMC1204252 DOI: 10.1042/bj0740525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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BOSE SK, GEST H. Hydrogenase and light-stimulated electron transfer reactions in photosynthetic bacteria. Nature 1998; 195:1168-71. [PMID: 13871557 DOI: 10.1038/1951168a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria: Physiology and Advances in Hydrogen Production Technology. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Hydrogenases devoid of nickel and containing only Fe-S clusters have been found so far only in some strictly anaerobic bacteria. Four Fe-hydrogenases have been characterized: from Megasphaera elsdenii, Desulfovibrio vulgaris (strain Hildenborough), and two from Clostridium pasteurianum. All contain two or more [4Fe-4S]1+,2+ or F clusters and a unique type of Fe-S center termed the H cluster. The H cluster appears to be remarkably similar in all the hydrogenases, and is proposed as the site of H2 oxidation and H2 production. The F clusters serve to transfer electrons between the H cluster and the external electron carrier. In all of the hydrogenases the H cluster is comprised of at least three Fe atoms, and possibly six. In the oxidized state it contains two types of magnetically distinct Fe atoms, has an S = 1/2 spin state, and exhibits a novel rhombic EPR signal. The reduced cluster is diamagnetic (S = 0). The oxidized H cluster appears to undergo a conformation change upon reduction with H2 with an increase in Fe-Fe distances of about 0.5 A. Studies using resonance Raman, magnetic circular dichroism and electron spin echo spectroscopies suggest that the H cluster has significant non-sulfur coordination. The H cluster has two binding sites for CO, at least one of which can also bind O2. Binding to one site changes the EPR properties of the cluster and gives a photosensitive adduct, but does not affect catalytic activity. Binding to the other site, which only becomes exposed during the catalytic cycle, leads to loss of catalytic activity. Mechanisms of H2 activation and electron transfer are proposed to explain the effects of CO binding and the ability of one of the hydrogenases to preferentially catalyze H2 oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Adams
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Georgia, Athens 30602
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11
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Hallahan DL, Fernandez VM, Hall DO. Reversible activation of hydrogenase from Escherichia coli. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 165:621-5. [PMID: 3297695 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb11485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogenase from Escherichia coli exhibited low activity when assayed for hydrogen:methyl viologen reductase activity and no activity when assayed for hydrogen-uptake activity with acceptors of high redox potential (dichloroindophenol, methylene blue). Nor did the enzyme as isolated catalyse proton-tritium exchange activity. Incubation under hydrogen resulted in an increase in hydrogen-uptake activity with methyl viologen and the appearance of hydrogen-uptake activity with dichloroindophenol and methylene blue. Following such treatment, the enzyme also readily catalysed isotope exchange. This process is interpreted as the conversion of the hydrogenase from an inactive 'unready' state to an 'active' state. Oxidation of active hydrogenase with dichloroindophenol caused conversion to a state resembling that of the enzyme as isolated but capable of more rapid activation under reducing conditions. This form is termed the 'ready' state. Such interconversions have been reported for hydrogenases from Desulfovibrio gigas and D. desulfuricans, and the possibility that they constitute a regulatory mechanism suggested.
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Vignais PM, Colbeau A, Willison JC, Jouanneau Y. Hydrogenase, nitrogenase, and hydrogen metabolism in the photosynthetic bacteria. Adv Microb Physiol 1985; 26:155-234. [PMID: 3913292 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2911(08)60397-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Castillo F, Cárdenas J. Nitrate reduction by photosynthetic purple bacteria. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 1982; 3:3-18. [PMID: 24459017 DOI: 10.1007/bf00030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/1982] [Revised: 02/25/1982] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Castillo
- Facultad de Biología y C.S.I.C., Departamento de Bioquímica, Sevilla, Spain
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Takakuwa S, Wall J. Enhancement of hydrogenase activity in Rhodopseudomonas capsulataby nickel. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1981. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1981.tb07674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abstract
The membrane-bound hydrogenase (EC class 1.12) of aerobically grown Escherichia coli cells was solubilized by treatment with deoxycholate and pancreatin. The enzyme was further purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by chromoatographic methods, including hydrophobic-interaction chromatography, with a yield of 10% as judged by activity and an overall purification of 2140-fold. The hydrogenase was a dimer of identical subunits with a mol.wt. of 113,000 and contained 12 iron and 12 acid-labile sulphur atoms per molecule. The epsilon 400 was 49,000M-1 . cm-1. The hydrogenase catalysed both H2 evolution and H2 uptake with a variety of artificial electron carriers, but would not interact with flavodoxin, ferredoxin or nicotinamide and flavin nucleotides. We were unable to identify any physiological electron carrier for the hydrogenase. With Methyl Viologen as the electron carrier, the pH optimum for H2 evolution and H2 uptake was 6.5 and 8.5 respectively. The enzyme was stable for long periods at neutral pH, low temperatures and under anaerobic conditions. The half-life of the hydrogenase under air at room temperature was about 12 h, but it could be stabilized by Methyl Viologen and Benzyl Viologen, both of which are electron carriers for the enzyme, and by bovine serum albumin. The hydrogenase was strongly inhibited by carbon monoxide (Ki = 1870Pa), heavy-metal salts and high concentrations of buffers, but was resistant to inhibition by thiol-blocking and metal-complexing reagents. These aerobically grown E. coli cells lacked formate hydrogenlyase activity and cytochrome c552.
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Zorin N, Gogotov I, Kondratieva E. Hydrogen production by hydrogenase ofAlcaligenes eutrophusZ-1 in the presence of oxygen. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1979. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1979.tb03325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Adams MW, Hall DO. Isolation of the membrane-bound hydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1977; 77:730-7. [PMID: 409403 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(77)80039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chen JS, Mortenson LE. Purification and properties of hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum W5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 371:283-98. [PMID: 4433567 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(74)90025-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Uffen RL. Growth properties of Rhodospirillum rubrum mutants and fermentation of pyruvate in anaerobic, dart conditions. J Bacteriol 1973; 116:874-84. [PMID: 4200859 PMCID: PMC285458 DOI: 10.1128/jb.116.2.874-884.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant C and G1 were obtained earlier from Rhodospirillum rubrum S(1) during growth in the dark under strict anaerobic conditions in medium containing sodium pyruvate. Mutant C and mutant G1 grew in the dark with generation times of 5.8 h and 4.6 h, respectively. Mutant C cells grew equally well when switched between anaerobic (dark or light) or aerobic, dark conditions. Mutant G1 cells grew only in the dark (anaerobic or aerobic conditions), but a fraction of cells in anaerobic, dark cultures grew when placed in light. This number increased about 3,000-fold when G1 cells were incubated aerobically in the dark. During anaerobic, dark growth, C and G1 organisms incorporated similar amounts of [2-(14)C]sodium pyruvate. About 34% of the incorporated radioactivity was found in lipid fractions from C cells that developed chromatophores during dark growth. Similar results were obtained using G1 cells, which formed only trace amounts of photosynthetic structures. Both mutants fermented sodium pyruvate and produced acetate, formate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas. Molar growth yield coefficients indicated that the cells obtained about 1 mol of adenosine triphosphate per mol of sodium pyruvate fermented. Results suggested that pyruvate fermentation during dark growth occurred via a pyruvate formate-lyase or the pyruvate ferredoxin-oxidoreductase pathway, or both.
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Uffen RL, Sybesma C, Wolfe RS. Mutants of Rhodospirrillum rubrum obtained after long-term anaerobic, dark growth. J Bacteriol 1971; 108:1348-56. [PMID: 5003179 PMCID: PMC247225 DOI: 10.1128/jb.108.3.1348-1356.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodospirillum rubrum S(1) cells were grown for more than 100 generations under strict anaerobic, dark conditions in liquid medium with sodium pyruvate. During this time, growth became nonpigmented. When cells were streaked onto the surface of solid growth medium in anaerobic bottles and placed in the dark, a few light-red colonies developed, but the majority was nonpigmented. Mutants were obtained from colonies selected on the basis of pigmentation and bacteriochlorophyll a content. The growth, ultrastructure, and light reactivity of two mutants were examined. Mutant C synthesized bacteriochlorophyll a (7.2 mumoles per mg of protein), altered membrane structures, and chromatophores during dark growth. Examination of light-induced changes of the absorption spectrum of this mutant suggested that only an electron transport pathway, which included the low potential cytochrome-like pigment C428, could be detected. Mutant C grew anaerobically in the light, whereas mutant G1 was light sensitive and produced only trace amounts of bacteriochlorophyll a (0.6 mumole per ml of protein). Poorly pigmented G1 cells contained unusual membrane structures. When dark-grown G1 colonies were placed in the light, deep-red colored papillae developed in the nonpigmented colonies. During anaerobic, dark growth with sodium pyruvate, both C and G1 synthesized poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate and produced acetate, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas.
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Eberhardt U. [On the hydrogen-activating system of Hydrogenomonas H 16. I. Distribution of the hydrogenase activity between two cellular fractions]. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1966; 53:288-302. [PMID: 4383978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Banerjee AK. [Physiological studies on Micrococcus denitrificans Beijerinck and auxotrophic mutants. Isolation of auxotrophic mutants and catabolism of cystathionine]. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1966; 53:107-31. [PMID: 5991619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Banerjee AK. Physiologische Untersuchungen an Micrococcus denitrificans Beijerinck und auxotrophen Mutanten. Arch Microbiol 1966. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00413036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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FRENKEL AW, COST K. Electron Transport Systems in Purple Bacteria: Reduction of Mammalian Cytochrome c by Rhodospirillum hydrogenase. Nature 1962; 195:1171-2. [PMID: 13895027 DOI: 10.1038/1951171a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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HORWITZ L. Observations on the oxyhydrogen reaction in Scenedesmus and its relation to respiration and photosynthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 1957; 66:23-44. [PMID: 13395523 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(57)90534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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LITTLEWOOD D, POSTGATE JR. Substrate inhibition of hydrogenase enhanced by sodium chloride. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1956; 20:399-400. [PMID: 13328870 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(56)90308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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SADANA JC, JAGANNATHAN V. Purification and properties of the hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1956; 19:440-52. [PMID: 13315304 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(56)90467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Activation of Molecular Hydrogen by Homogeneous Catalysts. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 1956. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(08)60539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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[152] Assay and properties of hydrogenases. Methods Enzymol 1955. [DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(55)02316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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PECK HD, GEST H. Enzymic reduction of pyridine nucleotides by molecular hydrogen. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1954; 15:587-8. [PMID: 13230111 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(54)90021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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SADANA JC, JAGANNATHAN V. Purification of hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1954; 14:287-8. [PMID: 13172252 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3002(54)90174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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SCHLEGEL HG. [The role of molecular hydrogen in the metabolism of microorganisms]. ARCHIV FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE 1954; 20:293-322. [PMID: 13189443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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LICHSTEIN HC, BOYD RB. Cofactor requirements for the formic hydrogenlyase, formic dehydrogenase and hydrogenase systems of bacteria. Arch Biochem Biophys 1953; 44:475-83. [PMID: 13058404 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(53)90065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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GEST H, GIBBS M. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF CELL-FREE “FORMIC HYDROGENLYASE” FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI. J Bacteriol 1952; 63:661-4. [PMID: 14955499 PMCID: PMC169322 DOI: 10.1128/jb.63.5.661-664.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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