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Dedola S, Ahmadipour S, de Andrade P, Baker AN, Boshra AN, Chessa S, Gibson MI, Hernando PJ, Ivanova IM, Lloyd JE, Marín MJ, Munro-Clark AJ, Pergolizzi G, Richards SJ, Ttofi I, Wagstaff BA, Field RA. Sialic acids in infection and their potential use in detection and protection against pathogens. RSC Chem Biol 2024; 5:167-188. [PMID: 38456038 PMCID: PMC10915975 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In structural terms, the sialic acids are a large family of nine carbon sugars based around an alpha-keto acid core. They are widely spread in nature, where they are often found to be involved in molecular recognition processes, including in development, immunology, health and disease. The prominence of sialic acids in infection is a result of their exposure at the non-reducing terminus of glycans in diverse glycolipids and glycoproteins. Herein, we survey representative aspects of sialic acid structure, recognition and exploitation in relation to infectious diseases, their diagnosis and prevention or treatment. Examples covered span influenza virus and Covid-19, Leishmania and Trypanosoma, algal viruses, Campylobacter, Streptococci and Helicobacter, and commensal Ruminococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dedola
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Sanaz Ahmadipour
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Peterson de Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Alexander N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Andrew N Boshra
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University Assiut 71526 Egypt
| | - Simona Chessa
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Pedro J Hernando
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Irina M Ivanova
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Jessica E Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - María J Marín
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Alexandra J Munro-Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | | | - Sarah-Jane Richards
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Iakovia Ttofi
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Ben A Wagstaff
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
- Iceni Glycoscience Ltd, Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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2
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John CM, Phillips NJ, Cardenas AJ, Criss AK, Jarvis GA. Comparison of lipooligosaccharides from human challenge strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1215946. [PMID: 37779694 PMCID: PMC10540682 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1215946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarming rise of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of new vaccine technologies have increased the focus on vaccination to control gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains FA1090 and MS11 have been used in challenge studies in human males. We used negative-ion MALDI-TOF MS to profile intact lipooligosaccharide (LOS) from strains MS11mkA, MS11mkC, FA1090 A23a, and FA1090 1-81-S2. The MS11mkC and 1-81-S2 variants were isolated from male volunteers infected with MS11mkA and A23a, respectively. LOS profiles were obtained after purification using the classical phenol water extraction method and by microwave-enhanced enzymatic digestion, which is more amenable for small-scale work. Despite detecting some differences in the LOS profiles, the same major species were observed, indicating that microwave-enhanced enzymatic digestion is appropriate for MS studies. The compositions determined for MS11mkA and mkC LOS were consistent with previous reports. FA1090 is strongly recognized by mAb 2C7, an antibody-binding LOS with both α- and β-chains if the latter is a lactosyl group. The spectra of the A23a and 1-81-S2 FA1090 LOS were similar to each other and consistent with the expression of α-chain lacto-N-neotetraose and β-chain lactosyl moieties that can both be acceptor sites for sialic acid substitution. 1-81-S2 LOS was analyzed after culture with and without media supplemented with cytidine-5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac), which N. gonorrhoeae needs to sialylate its LOS. LOS sialylation reduces the infectivity of gonococci in men, although it induces serum resistance in serum-sensitive strains and reduces killing by neutrophils and antimicrobial peptides. The infectivity of FA1090 in men is much lower than that of MS11mkC, but the reason for this difference is unclear. Interestingly, some peaks in the spectra of 1-81-S2 LOS after bacterial culture with CMP-Neu5Ac were consistent with disialylation of the LOS, which could be relevant to the reduced infectivity of FA1090 in men and could have implications regarding the phase variation of the LOS and the natural history of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance M. John
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nancy J. Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amaris J. Cardenas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Alison K. Criss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Gary A. Jarvis
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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3
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Heikema AP, Strepis N, Horst-Kreft D, Huynh S, Zomer A, Kelly DJ, Cooper KK, Parker CT. Biomolecule sulphation and novel methylations related to Guillain-Barré syndrome-associated Campylobacter jejuni serotype HS:19. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34723785 PMCID: PMC8743553 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni strains that produce sialylated lipooligosaccharides (LOS) can cause the immune-mediated disease Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The risk of GBS after infection with C. jejuni Penner serotype HS:19 is estimated to be at least six times higher than the average risk. Aside from LOS biosynthesis genes, genomic characteristics that promote an increased risk for GBS following C. jejuni HS:19 infection, remain uncharacterized. We hypothesized that strains with the HS:19 serotype have unique genomic features that explain the increased risk for GBS. We performed genome sequencing, alignments, single nucleotide polymorphisms' analysis and methylome characterization on a subset, and pan-genome analysis on a large number of genomes to compare HS:19 with non-HS:19 C. jejuni genome sequences. Comparison of 36 C. jejuni HS:19 with 874 C. jejuni non-HS:19 genome sequences led to the identification of three single genes and ten clusters containing contiguous genes that were significantly associated with C. jejuni HS:19. One gene cluster of seven genes, localized downstream of the capsular biosynthesis locus, was related to sulphation of biomolecules. This cluster also encoded the campylobacter sialyl transferase Cst-I. Interestingly, sulphated bacterial biomolecules such as polysaccharides can promote immune responses and, therefore, (in the presence of sialic acid) may play a role in the development of GBS. Additional gene clusters included those involved in persistence-mediated pathogenicity and gene clusters involved in restriction-modification systems. Furthermore, characterization of methylomes of two HS:19 strains exhibited novel methylation patterns (5′-CATG-3 and 5′-m6AGTNNNNNNRTTG-3) that could differentially effect gene-expression patterns of C. jejuni HS:19 strains. Our study provides novel insight into specific genetic features and possible virulence factors of C. jejuni associated with the HS:19 serotype that may explain the increased risk of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid P. Heikema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Astrid P. Heikema,
| | - Nikolaos Strepis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Horst-Kreft
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Aldert Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Craig T. Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
- *Correspondence: Craig T. Parker,
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4
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Zhang Q, Li Z, Wang Y, Zheng Q, Li J. Mass spectrometry for protein sialoglycosylation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:652-680. [PMID: 29228471 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of structurally unique and negatively charged nine-carbon sugars, normally found at the terminal positions of glycan chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. The glycosylation of proteins is a universal post-translational modification in eukaryotic species and regulates essential biological functions, in which the most common sialic acid is N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (2-keto-5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galactononulopyranos-1-onic acid) (Neu5NAc). Because of the properties of sialic acids under general mass spectrometry (MS) conditions, such as instability, ionization discrimination, and mixed adducts, the use of MS in the analysis of protein sialoglycosylation is still challenging. The present review is focused on the application of MS related methodologies to the study of both N- and O-linked sialoglycans. We reviewed MS-based strategies for characterizing sialylation by analyzing intact glycoproteins, proteolytic digested glycopeptides, and released glycans. The review concludes with future perspectives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zack Li
- School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Institute of Environment and Health, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Brunner K, John CM, Phillips NJ, Alber DG, Gemmell MR, Hansen R, Nielsen HL, Hold GL, Bajaj-Elliott M, Jarvis GA. Novel Campylobacter concisus lipooligosaccharide is a determinant of inflammatory potential and virulence. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1893-1905. [PMID: 30049709 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m085860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenicity of Campylobacter concisus, increasingly found in the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, is unclear. Some studies indicate that its role in GI conditions has been underestimated, whereas others suggest that the organism has a commensal-like phenotype. For the enteropathogen C. jejuni, the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is a main driver of virulence. We investigated the LOS structure of four C. concisus clinical isolates and correlated the inflammatory potential of each isolate with bacterial virulence. Mass spectrometric analyses of lipid A revealed a novel hexa-acylated diglucosamine moiety with two or three phosphoryl substituents. Molecular and fragment ion analysis indicated that the oligosaccharide portion of the LOS had only a single phosphate and lacked phosphoethanolamine and sialic acid substitution, which are hallmarks of the C. jejuni LOS. Consistent with our structural findings, C. concisus LOS and live bacteria induced less TNF-α secretion in human monocytes than did C. jejuni Furthermore, the C. concisus bacteria were less virulent than C. jejuni in a Galleria mellonella infection model. The correlation of the novel lipid A structure, decreased phosphorylation, and lack of sialylation along with reduced inflammatory potential and virulence support the significance of the LOS as a determinant in the relative pathogenicity of C. concisus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Brunner
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Constance M John
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Nancy J Phillips
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dagmar G Alber
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew R Gemmell
- Center for Genome-Enabled Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Hans L Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Georgina L Hold
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mona Bajaj-Elliott
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Programme, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gary A Jarvis
- Center for Immunochemistry, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA .,Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California, San Francisco, CA
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6
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Neal-McKinney JM, Liu KC, Jinneman KC, Wu WH, Rice DH. Whole Genome Sequencing and Multiplex qPCR Methods to Identify Campylobacter jejuni Encoding cst-II or cst-III Sialyltransferase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:408. [PMID: 29615986 PMCID: PMC5865068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni causes more than 2 million cases of gastroenteritis annually in the United States, and is also linked to the autoimmune sequelae Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS). GBS often results in flaccid paralysis, as the myelin sheaths of nerve cells are degraded by the adaptive immune response. Certain strains of C. jejuni modify their lipooligosaccharide (LOS) with the addition of neuraminic acid, resulting in LOS moieties that are structurally similar to gangliosides present on nerve cells. This can trigger GBS in a susceptible host, as antibodies generated against C. jejuni can cross-react with gangliosides, leading to demyelination of nerves and a loss of signal transduction. The goal of this study was to develop a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method and use whole genome sequencing data to detect the Campylobacter sialyltransferase (cst) genes responsible for the addition of neuraminic acid to LOS. The qPCR method was used to screen a library of 89 C. jejuni field samples collected by the Food and Drug Administration Pacific Northwest Lab (PNL) as well as clinical isolates transferred to PNL. In silico analysis was used to screen 827 C. jejuni genomes in the FDA GenomeTrakr SRA database. The results indicate that a majority of C. jejuni strains could produce LOS with ganglioside mimicry, as 43.8% of PNL isolates and 46.9% of the GenomeTrakr isolates lacked the cst genes. The methods described in this study can be used by public health laboratories to rapidly determine whether a C. jejuni isolate has the potential to induce GBS. Based on these results, a majority of C. jejuni in the PNL collection and submitted to GenomeTrakr have the potential to produce LOS that mimics human gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Neal-McKinney
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, United States
| | - Kun C Liu
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, United States
| | - Karen C Jinneman
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, United States
| | - Wen-Hsin Wu
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, United States
| | - Daniel H Rice
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, United States
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7
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St Charles JL, Bell JA, Gadsden BJ, Malik A, Cooke H, Van de Grift LK, Kim HY, Smith EJ, Mansfield LS. Guillain Barré Syndrome is induced in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice following Campylobacter jejuni infection and is exacerbated by antibiotics. J Autoimmun 2016; 77:11-38. [PMID: 27939129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis linked to several serious autoimmune sequelae such as the peripheral neuropathies Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS) and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS). We hypothesized that GBS and MFS can result in NOD wild type (WT) mice or their congenic interleukin (IL)-10 or B7-2 knockouts secondary to C. jejuni infection. Mice were gavaged orally with C. jejuni strains HB93-13 and 260.94 from patients with GBS or CF93-6 from a patient with MFS and assessed for clinical neurological signs and phenotypes, anti-ganglioside antibodies, and cellular infiltrates and lesions in gut and peripheral nerve tissues. Significant increases in autoantibodies against single gangliosides (GM1, GQ1b, GD1a) occurred in infected NOD mice of all genotypes, although the isotypes varied (NOD WT had IgG1, IgG3; NOD B7-2-/- had IgG3; NOD IL-10-/- had IgG1, IgG3, IgG2a). Infected NOD WT and NOD IL-10-/- mice also produced anti-ganglioside antibodies of the IgG1 isotype directed against a mixture of GM1/GQ1b gangliosides. Phenotypic tests showed significant differences between treatment groups of all mouse genotypes. Peripheral nerve lesions with macrophage infiltrates were significantly increased in infected mice of NOD WT and IL-10-/- genotypes compared to sham-inoculated controls, while lesions with T cell infiltrates were significantly increased in infected mice of the NOD B7-2-/- genotype compared to sham-inoculated controls. In both infected and sham inoculated NOD IL-10-/- mice, antibiotic treatment exacerbated neurological signs, lesions and the amount and number of different isotypes of antiganglioside autoantibodies produced. Thus, inducible mouse models of post-C. jejuni GBS are feasible and can be characterized based on evaluation of three factors-onset of GBS clinical signs/phenotypes, anti-ganglioside autoantibodies and nerve lesions. Based on these factors we characterized 1) NOD B-7-/- mice as an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP)-like model, 2) NOD IL-10-/- mice as an acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN)-like model best employed over a limited time frame, and 3) NOD WT mice as an AMAN model with mild clinical signs and lesions. Taken together these data demonstrate that C. jejuni strain genotype, host genotype and antibiotic treatment affect GBS disease outcomes in mice and that many disease phenotypes are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L St Charles
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J A Bell
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - B J Gadsden
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A Malik
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - H Cooke
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - L K Van de Grift
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - H Y Kim
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - E J Smith
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - L S Mansfield
- Comparative Enteric Diseases Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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8
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Culebro A, Revez J, Pascoe B, Friedmann Y, Hitchings MD, Stupak J, Sheppard SK, Li J, Rossi M. Large Sequence Diversity within the Biosynthesis Locus and Common Biochemical Features of Campylobacter coli Lipooligosaccharides. J Bacteriol 2016; 198:2829-40. [PMID: 27481928 PMCID: PMC5038013 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00347-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Despite the importance of lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) in the pathogenicity of campylobacteriosis, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of LOS in Campylobacter coli In this study, we investigated the distribution of LOS locus classes among a large collection of unrelated C. coli isolates sampled from several different host species. Furthermore, we paired C. coli genomic information and LOS chemical composition for the first time to investigate possible associations between LOS locus class sequence diversity and biochemical heterogeneity. After identifying three new LOS locus classes, only 85% of the 144 isolates tested were assigned to a class, suggesting higher genetic diversity than previously thought. This genetic diversity is at the basis of a completely unexplored LOS structural heterogeneity. Mass spectrometry analysis of the LOSs of nine isolates, representing four different LOS classes, identified two features distinguishing C. coli LOS from that of Campylobacter jejuni 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (GlcN)-GlcN disaccharides were present in the lipid A backbone, in contrast to the β-1'-6-linked 3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucopyranose (GlcN3N)-GlcN backbone observed in C. jejuni Moreover, despite the fact that many of the genes putatively involved in 3-acylamino-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (Quip3NAcyl) were apparently absent from the genomes of various isolates, this rare sugar was found in the outer core of all C. coli isolates. Therefore, regardless of the high genetic diversity of the LOS biosynthesis locus in C. coli, we identified species-specific phenotypic features of C. coli LOS that might explain differences between C. jejuni and C. coli in terms of population dynamics and host adaptation. IMPORTANCE Despite the importance of C. coli to human health and its controversial role as a causative agent of Guillain-Barré syndrome, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of C. coli LOSs. Therefore, we paired C. coli genomic information and LOS chemical composition for the first time to address this paucity of information. We identified two species-specific phenotypic features of C. coli LOS, which might contribute to elucidating the reasons behind the differences between C. jejuni and C. coli in terms of population dynamics and host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Culebro
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joana Revez
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ben Pascoe
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmin Friedmann
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Hitchings
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Stupak
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jianjun Li
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mirko Rossi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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A novel link between Campylobacter jejuni bacteriophage defence, virulence and Guillain–Barré syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 32:207-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-012-1733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Campylobacter jejuni translocation across intestinal epithelial cells is facilitated by ganglioside-like lipooligosaccharide structures. Infect Immun 2012; 80:3307-18. [PMID: 22778098 DOI: 10.1128/iai.06270-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Translocation across intestinal epithelial cells is an established pathogenic feature of the zoonotic bacterial species Campylobacter jejuni. The number of C. jejuni virulence factors known to be involved in translocation is limited. In the present study, we investigated whether sialylation of C. jejuni lipooligosaccharide (LOS) structures, generating human nerve ganglioside mimics, is important for intestinal epithelial translocation. We here show that C. jejuni isolates expressing ganglioside-like LOS bound in larger numbers to the Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells than C. jejuni isolates lacking such structures. Next, we found that ganglioside-like LOS facilitated endocytosis of bacteria into Caco-2 cells, as visualized by quantitative microscopy using the early and late endosomal markers early endosome-associated protein 1 (EEA1), Rab5, and lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1). This increased endocytosis was associated with larger numbers of surviving and translocating bacteria. Next, we found that two different intestinal epithelial cell lines (Caco-2 and T84) responded with an elevated secretion of the T-cell attractant CXCL10 to infection by ganglioside-like LOS-expressing C. jejuni isolates. We conclude that C. jejuni translocation across Caco-2 cells is facilitated by ganglioside-like LOS, which is of clinical relevance since C. jejuni ganglioside-like LOS-expressing isolates are linked with severe gastroenteritis and bloody stools in C. jejuni-infected patients.
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Characterization of the specific interaction between sialoadhesin and sialylated Campylobacter jejuni lipooligosaccharides. Infect Immun 2010; 78:3237-46. [PMID: 20421384 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01273-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Campylobacter jejuni-induced Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), molecular mimicry between C. jejuni lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and host gangliosides leads to the production of cross-reactive antibodies directed against the peripheral nerves of the host. Currently, the presence of surface exposed sialylated LOS in C. jejuni is the single known bacterial pathogenesis factor associated with the development of GBS. Using a unique, well-characterized strain collection, we demonstrate that GBS-associated C. jejuni strains bind preferentially to sialoadhesin (Sn, Siglec-1, or CD169), a sialic acid receptor found on a subset of macrophages. In addition, using a whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), C. jejuni strains with sialylated LOS bound exclusively to soluble Sn. Mass spectrometry revealed that binding was sialic acid-linkage specific with a preference for alpha(2,3)-linked sialic acid attached to the terminal galactose of the LOS chain as seen in the gangliosides GD1a, GM1b, and GM3. This molecular interaction was also related to functional consequences as a GBS-associated C. jejuni strain that bound Sn in a whole-cell ELISA adhered to surface-expressed Sn of Sn-transfected CHO cells but was unable to adhere to wild-type CHO cells. Moreover, a sialic acid-negative mutant of the same C. jejuni strain was unable to bind Sn-transfected CHO cells. This is the first report of the preferential binding of GBS-associated C. jejuni strains to the Sn immune receptor (P = 0.014). Moreover, because this binding is dependent on sialylated LOS, the main pathogenic factor in GBS progression, the present findings bring us closer to unraveling the mechanisms that lead to formation of cross-reactive antibodies in GBS disease.
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Zhou P, Chandan V, Liu X, Chan K, Altman E, Li J. Microwave-assisted sample preparation for rapid and sensitive analysis of H. pylori lipid A applicable to a single colony. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1936-44. [PMID: 19401599 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d900013-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The lipid A of Gram-negative bacteria plays a major role in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections. Lipid A diversity is observed both in the number and length of fatty-acid side chains and in the presence of terminal phosphate residues and associated modifications. In this report, we describe a new sample preparation method based on microwave-assisted enzymatic digestion and detergent-free mild hydrolysis, in conjunction with a MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF)/TOF analysis, to determine the structures of lipid A from Helicobacter pylori. The total time for sample preparation and mass spectrometric analysis is within 2 h and applicable to profiling the lipid A structures from dried bacterial cells on as little as 1 microg. The reliability of the technique was further demonstrated through the analysis of the lipid A from bacterial cells of different H. pylori strains. The phosphorylation and acylation patterns of lipid A could be elucidated using material from a single colony. Furthermore, we found unusual heptaacyl lipid A species present in H. pylori mutant that have not been previously reported, although the abundance was relatively low. The present study provides the first characterization of the lipid A component from a single bacterial colony sample by mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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