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Janda JM, Duman M. Expanding the Spectrum of Diseases and Disease Associations Caused by Edwardsiella tarda and Related Species. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1031. [PMID: 38792860 PMCID: PMC11124366 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The genus Edwardsiella, previously residing in the family Enterobacteriaceae and now a member of the family Hafniaceae, is currently composed of five species, although the taxonomy of this genus is still unsettled. The genus can primarily be divided into two pathogenic groups: E. tarda strains are responsible for almost all human infections, and two other species (E. ictaluri, E. piscicida) cause diseases in fish. Human infections predominate in subtropical habitats of the world and in specific geospatial regions with gastrointestinal disease, bloodborne infections, and wound infections, the most common clinical presentations in decreasing order. Gastroenteritis can present in many different forms and mimic other intestinal disturbances. Chronic gastroenteritis is not uncommon. Septicemia is primarily found in persons with comorbid conditions including malignancies and liver disease. Mortality rates range from 9% to 28%. Most human infections are linked to one of several risk factors associated with freshwater or marine environments such as seafood consumption. In contrast, edwardsiellosis in fish is caused by two other species, in particular E. ictaluri. Both E. ictaluri and E. piscicida can cause massive outbreaks of disease in aquaculture systems worldwide, including enteric septicemia in channel catfish and tilapia. Collectively, these species are increasingly being recognized as important pathogens in clinical and veterinary medicine. This article highlights and provides a current perspective on the taxonomy, microbiology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of this increasingly important group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Janda
- Kern County Public Health Laboratory, Bakersfield, CA 93306, USA
| | - Muhammed Duman
- Aquatic Animal Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey;
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2
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Bielen A, Babić I, Vuk Surjan M, Kazazić S, Šimatović A, Lajtner J, Udiković-Kolić N, Mesić Z, Hudina S. Comparison of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing for identification of environmental bacteria: a case study of cave mussel-associated culturable microorganisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21752-21764. [PMID: 38393570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is routinely used as a rapid and cost-effective method for pathogen identification in clinical settings. In comparison, its performance in other microbiological fields, such as environmental microbiology, is still being tested, although isolates of environmental microbes are essential for in-depth in vivo studies of their biology, including biotechnological applications. We investigated the applicability of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of bacterial isolates from a highly oligotrophic environment - Dinaric Karst caves, which likely harbor specific microorganisms. We cultured bacteria from the shell surface of the endemic mussel Congeria jalzici, one of the three known cave mussels in the world that lives in the Dinaric karst underground. The bacterial isolates were obtained by swabbing the shell surface of mussels living in microhabitats with different amounts of water: 10 air-exposed mussels, 10 submerged mussels, and 10 mussels in the hygropetric zone. A collection of 87 pure culture isolates was obtained, mostly belonging to the phylum Bacillota (72%), followed by Pseudomonadota (16%), Actinomycetota (11%), and Bacteroidota (1%). We compared the results of MALDI-TOF MS identification (Bruker databases DB-5989 and version 11, v11) with the results of 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis, a standard procedure for bacterial identification. Identification to the genus level based on 16S rDNA was possible for all isolates and clearly outperformed the results from MALDI-TOF MS, although the updated MALDI-TOF MS database v11 gave better results than the DB-5989 version (85% versus 62%). However, identification to the species-level by 16S rDNA sequencing was achieved for only 17% of isolates, compared with 14% and 40% for the MALDI-TOF MS databases DB-5989 and v11 database, respectively. In conclusion, our results suggest that continued enrichment of MALDI-TOF MS libraries will result with this method soon becoming a rapid, accurate, and efficient tool for assessing the diversity of culturable bacteria from different environmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bielen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Babić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Vuk Surjan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ana Šimatović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Lajtner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Zrinka Mesić
- Oikon Ltd., Trg Senjskih Uskoka 1-2, 10020, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Hudina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb, Croatia
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3
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Birhanu AG. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics as an emerging tool in clinical laboratories. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:32. [PMID: 37633929 PMCID: PMC10464495 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics have been increasingly implemented in various disciplines of laboratory medicine to identify and quantify biomolecules in a variety of biological specimens. MS-based proteomics is continuously expanding and widely applied in biomarker discovery for early detection, prognosis and markers for treatment response prediction and monitoring. Furthermore, making these advanced tests more accessible and affordable will have the greatest healthcare benefit.This review article highlights the new paradigms MS-based clinical proteomics has created in microbiology laboratories, cancer research and diagnosis of metabolic disorders. The technique is preferred over conventional methods in disease detection and therapy monitoring for its combined advantages in multiplexing capacity, remarkable analytical specificity and sensitivity and low turnaround time.Despite the achievements in the development and adoption of a number of MS-based clinical proteomics practices, more are expected to undergo transition from bench to bedside in the near future. The review provides insights from early trials and recent progresses (mainly covering literature from the NCBI database) in the application of proteomics in clinical laboratories.
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Chatterjee R, Chowdhury AR, Mukherjee D, Chakravortty D. From Eberthella typhi to Salmonella Typhi: The Fascinating Journey of the Virulence and Pathogenicity of Salmonella Typhi. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25674-25697. [PMID: 37521659 PMCID: PMC10373206 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi), the invasive typhoidal serovar of Salmonella enterica that causes typhoid fever in humans, is a severe threat to global health. It is one of the major causes of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. According to recent WHO estimates, approximately 11-21 million typhoid fever illnesses occur annually worldwide, accounting for 0.12-0.16 million deaths. Salmonella infection can spread to healthy individuals by the consumption of contaminated food and water. Typhoid fever in humans sometimes is accompanied by several other critical extraintestinal complications related to the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, pulmonary system, and hepatobiliary system. Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-1 and Salmonella Pathogenicity Island-2 are the two genomic segments containing genes encoding virulent factors that regulate its invasion and systemic pathogenesis. This Review aims to shed light on a comparative analysis of the virulence and pathogenesis of the typhoidal and nontyphoidal serovars of S. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Chatterjee
- Department
of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Atish Roy Chowdhury
- Department
of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Debapriya Mukherjee
- Department
of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department
of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
- Centre
for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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Manfredi E, Rocca MF, Zintgraff J, Irazu L, Miliwebsky E, Carbonari C, Deza N, Prieto M, Chinen I. Rapid and accurate detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotype O157 : H7 by mass spectrometry directly from the isolate, using 10 potential biomarker peaks and machine learning predictive models. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37130048 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The different pathotypes of Escherichia coli can produce a large number of human diseases. Surveillance is complex since their differentiation is not easy. In particular, the detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serotype O157 : H7 consists of stool culture of a diarrhoeal sample on enriched and/or selective media and identification of presumptive colonies and confirmation, which require a certain level of training and are time-consuming and expensive.Hypothesis. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a quick and easy way to obtain the protein spectrum of a microorganism, identify the genus and species, and detect potential biomarker peaks of certain characteristics.Aim. To verify the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS to rapidly identify and differentiate STEC O157 : H7 from other E. coli pathotypes.Methodology. The direct method was employed, and the information obtained using Microflex LT platform-based analysis from 60 clinical isolates (training set) was used to detect differences between the peptide fingerprints of STEC O157 : H7 and other E. coli strains. The protein profiles detected laid the foundations for the development and evaluation of machine learning predictive models in this study.Results. The detection of potential biomarkers in combination with machine learning predictive models in a new set of 142 samples, called 'test set', achieved 99.3 % (141/142) correct classification, allowing us to distinguish between the isolates of STEC O157 : H7 and the other E. coli group. Great similarity was also observed with respect to this last group and the Shigella species when applying the potential biomarkers algorithm, allowing differentiation from STEC O157 : H7Conclusion. Given that STEC O157 : H7 is the main causal agent of haemolytic uremic syndrome, and based on the performance values obtained in the present study (sensitivity=98.5 % and specificity=100.0 %), the implementation of this technique provides a proof of principle for MALDI-TOF MS and machine learning to identify biomarkers to rapidly screen or confirm STEC O157 : H7 versus other diarrhoeagenic E. coli in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Manfredi
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Rocca
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Red Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas aplicada a la Microbiología Clínica (RNEM Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan Zintgraff
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Red Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas aplicada a la Microbiología Clínica (RNEM Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Irazu
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Miliwebsky
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Carbonari
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Deza
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Monica Prieto
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Red Nacional de Espectrometría de Masas aplicada a la Microbiología Clínica (RNEM Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabel Chinen
- Servicio Fisiopatogenia, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI) - Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud (ANLIS) 'Dr Carlos G. Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Feng Y, Chen M, Wei X, Zhu H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xue L, Huang L, Chen G, Chen M, Ding Y, Wu Q. Pseudotargeted Metabolomic Fingerprinting and Deep Learning for Identification and Visualization of Common Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:830832. [PMID: 35359729 PMCID: PMC8960985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.830832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry fingerprinting has reduced turnaround times, costs, and labor as conventional procedures in various laboratories. However, some species strains with high genetic correlation have not been directly distinguished using conventional standard procedures. Metabolomes can identify these strains by amplifying the minor differences because they are directly related to the phenotype. The pseudotargeted metabolomics method has the advantages of both non-targeted and targeted metabolomics. It can provide a new semi-quantitative fingerprinting with high coverage. We combined this pseudotargeted metabolomic fingerprinting with deep learning technology for the identification and visualization of the pathogen. A variational autoencoder framework was performed to identify and classify pathogenic bacteria and achieve their visualization, with prediction accuracy exceeding 99%. Therefore, this technology will be a powerful tool for rapidly and accurately identifying pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Feng
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanyan Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyang Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Ding,
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Qingping Wu,
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7
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Costa CFFA, Merino-Ribas A, Ferreira C, Campos C, Silva N, Pereira L, Garcia A, Azevedo Á, Mesquita RBR, Rangel AOSS, Manaia CM, Sampaio-Maia B. Characterization of Oral Enterobacteriaceae Prevalence and Resistance Profile in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:736685. [PMID: 34970231 PMCID: PMC8713742 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.736685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a growing public-health concern worldwide. Patients exhibit compromised immunity and are more prone to infection than other populations. Therefore, oral colonization by clinically relevant members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, major agents of both nosocomial and dialysis-associated infections with frequent prevalence of antibiotic resistances, may constitute a serious risk. Thus, this study aimed to assess the occurrence of clinically relevant enterobacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles in the oral cavity of CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (CKD-PD) and compare it to healthy controls. Saliva samples from all the participants were cultured on MacConkey Agar and evaluated regarding the levels of urea, ammonia, and pH. Bacterial isolates were identified and characterized for antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype. The results showed that CKD-PD patients exhibited significantly higher salivary pH, urea, and ammonia levels than controls, that was accompanied by higher prevalence and diversity of oral enterobacteria. Out of all the species isolated, only the prevalence of Raoultella ornithinolytica varied significantly between groups, colonizing the oral cavity of approximately 30% of CKD-PD patients while absent from controls. Antibiotic resistance phenotyping revealed mostly putative intrinsic resistance phenotypes (to amoxicillin, ticarcillin, and cephalothin), and resistance to sulfamethoxazole (~43% of isolates) and streptomycin (~17%). However, all isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested and multidrug resistance isolates were only found in CKD-PD group (31,6%). Mobile genetic elements and resistance genes were detected in isolates of the species Raoultella ornithinolytica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter asburiae, mostly originated from CKD-PD patients. PD-related infection history revealed that Enterobacteriaceae were responsible for ~8% of peritonitis and ~ 16% of exit-site infections episodes in CKD-PD patients, although no association was found to oral enterobacteria colonization at the time of sampling. The results suggest that the CKD-induced alterations of the oral milieu might promote a dysbiosis of the commensal oral microbiome, namely the proliferation of clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae potentially harboring acquired antibiotic resistance genes. This study highlights the importance of the oral cavity as a reservoir for pathobionts and antibiotic resistances in CKD patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina F F A Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Merino-Ribas
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Catarina Ferreira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Campos
- Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil (IPO), Porto, Portugal
| | - Nádia Silva
- Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciano Pereira
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Nephrology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Garcia
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Álvaro Azevedo
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel B R Mesquita
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - António O S S Rangel
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia M Manaia
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- Nephrology & Infectious Diseases R&D Group, INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Han SS, Jeong YS, Choi SK. Current Scenario and Challenges in the Direct Identification of Microorganisms Using MALDI TOF MS. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091917. [PMID: 34576812 PMCID: PMC8466008 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MALDI TOF MS-based microbial identification significantly lowers the operational costs because of minimal requirements of substrates and reagents for extraction. Therefore, it has been widely used in varied applications such as clinical, food, military, and ecological research. However, the MALDI TOF MS method is laced with many challenges including its limitation of the reference spectrum. This review briefly introduces the background of MALDI TOF MS technology, including sample preparation and workflow. We have primarily discussed the application of MALDI TOF MS in the identification of microorganisms. Furthermore, we have discussed the current trends for bioaerosol detection using MALDI TOF MS and the limitations and challenges involved, and finally the approaches to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Han
- Advanced Defense Science & Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea;
| | - Young-Su Jeong
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-4843; Fax: +82-42-823-3400
| | - Sun-Kyung Choi
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea;
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9
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Ayhan K, Coşansu S, Orhan-Yanıkan E, Gülseren G. Advance methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of microorganisms. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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10
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Wang J, Wang H, Cai K, Yu P, Liu Y, Zhao G, Chen R, Xu R, Yu M. Evaluation of three sample preparation methods for the identification of clinical strains by using two MALDI-TOF MS systems. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4696. [PMID: 33421261 PMCID: PMC7900945 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized the microbial identification, especially in the clinical microbiology laboratories. However, although numerous studies on the identification of microorganisms by MALDI-TOF MS have been reported previously, few studies focused on the effect of pretreatment on identification. Due to the sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS, different preparation methods will lead to changes in microbial protein fingerprints. In this study, for evaluating a more appropriate preparation method for the clinical microbiology identification, we analyzed the performance of three sample preparation methods on two different MALDI-TOF MS systems. A total of 321 clinical isolates, 127 species, were employed in the comparative study of three different sample preparation methods including the direct colony transfer method (DCTM), the on-target extraction method (OTEM), and the in-tube extraction method (ITEM) compatible with MALDI-TOF MS. All isolates were tested on the Microflex LT and Autof ms1000 devices. The spectra were analyzed using the Bruker biotyper and the Autof ms1000 systems. The results were confirmed by 16/18S rRNA sequencing. Results reveal that the accuracies of isolates identification by Bruker biotyper successfully identified 83.8%, 96.0%, and 95.3% after performing the DCTM, OTEM, and ITEM, respectively, while the Autof ms1000 identified 97.5%, 100%, and 99.7%. These data suggested that the identification rates are comparable among the three preparation methods using the Autof ms1000 and Bruker microflex LT systems but the OTEM is more suitable and necessary for clinical application, owing to its key advantages of simplicity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology LaboratoryShanghai Center for Clinical LaboratoryShanghaiChina
| | - Hualiang Wang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology LaboratoryShanghai Center for Clinical LaboratoryShanghaiChina
| | - Keya Cai
- Diagnostics DepartmentAutobio Diagnostics Co., Ltd.ZhengzhouChina
| | - Peijuan Yu
- Department of Clinical LaboratorySecond Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Diagnostics DepartmentAutobio Diagnostics Co., Ltd.ZhengzhouChina
| | - Gaoling Zhao
- Diagnostics DepartmentAutobio Diagnostics Co., Ltd.ZhengzhouChina
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology LaboratoryShanghai Center for Clinical LaboratoryShanghaiChina
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology LaboratoryShanghai Center for Clinical LaboratoryShanghaiChina
| | - Maowen Yu
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryJintang First People's HospitalChengduChina
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11
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Lasch P, Schneider A, Blumenscheit C, Doellinger J. Identification of Microorganisms by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS 1) and in Silico Peptide Mass Libraries. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:2125-2139. [PMID: 32998977 PMCID: PMC7710138 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir120.002061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, modern methods of MS (MS) have emerged that allow reliable, fast and cost-effective identification of pathogenic microorganisms. Although MALDI-TOF MS has already revolutionized the way microorganisms are identified, recent years have witnessed also substantial progress in the development of liquid chromatography (LC)-MS based proteomics for microbiological applications. For example, LC-tandem MS (LC-MS2) has been proposed for microbial characterization by means of multiple discriminative peptides that enable identification at the species, or sometimes at the strain level. However, such investigations can be laborious and time-consuming, especially if the experimental LC-MS2 data are tested against sequence databases covering a broad panel of different microbiological taxa. In this proof of concept study, we present an alternative bottom-up proteomics method for microbial identification. The proposed approach involves efficient extraction of proteins from cultivated microbial cells, digestion by trypsin and LC-MS measurements. Peptide masses are then extracted from MS1 data and systematically tested against an in silico library of all possible peptide mass data compiled in-house. The library has been computed from the UniProt Knowledgebase covering Swiss-Prot and TrEMBL databases and comprises more than 12,000 strain-specific in silico profiles, each containing tens of thousands of peptide mass entries. Identification analysis involves computation of score values derived from correlation coefficients between experimental and strain-specific in silico peptide mass profiles and compilation of score ranking lists. The taxonomic positions of the microbial samples are then determined by using the best-matching database entries. The suggested method is computationally efficient - less than 2 mins per sample - and has been successfully tested by a test set of 39 LC-MS1 peak lists obtained from 19 different microbial pathogens. The proposed method is rapid, simple and automatable and we foresee wide application potential for future microbiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lasch
- Robert Koch-Institute, ZBS6, Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andy Schneider
- Robert Koch-Institute, ZBS6, Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Joerg Doellinger
- Robert Koch-Institute, ZBS6, Proteomics and Spectroscopy, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Thi MTT, Wibowo D, Rehm BH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228671. [PMID: 33212950 PMCID: PMC7698413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen causing devastating acute and chronic infections in individuals with compromised immune systems. Its highly notorious persistence in clinical settings is attributed to its ability to form antibiotic-resistant biofilms. Biofilm is an architecture built mostly by autogenic extracellular polymeric substances which function as a scaffold to encase the bacteria together on surfaces, and to protect them from environmental stresses, impedes phagocytosis and thereby conferring the capacity for colonization and long-term persistence. Here we review the current knowledge on P. aeruginosa biofilms, its development stages, and molecular mechanisms of invasion and persistence conferred by biofilms. Explosive cell lysis within bacterial biofilm to produce essential communal materials, and interspecies biofilms of P. aeruginosa and commensal Streptococcus which impedes P. aeruginosa virulence and possibly improves disease conditions will also be discussed. Recent research on diagnostics of P. aeruginosa infections will be investigated. Finally, therapeutic strategies for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms along with their advantages and limitations will be compiled.
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13
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Diagnostic tools for bacterial infections in travellers: Current and future options. Travel Med Infect Dis 2020; 37:101856. [PMID: 32841728 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
International travel has increased dramatically over the past 50 years, and travel destinations have diversified. Although physicians are more familiar with the panel of aetiological agents responsible for illnesses of returning travellers, thanks to regular epidemiological studies, the spectrum of pathogens potentially encountered in various travel destinations is nevertheless increasing. In addition, the wide array of approaches currently available and addressed in this paper could render the procedures for microbiological analyses increasingly complex. As the time to result is crucial to adequately manage patients, modern approaches have been developed to shorten diagnosis delays. The syndromic approach, which consists of simultaneously testing a wide panel of microorganisms, substantially increases the diagnostic yield with significant time savings, particularly when coupled with point-of-care laboratories. The tools commonly used for this purpose are immunochromatographic tests, mainly targeting bacterial antigens, and multiplex real-time PCR. The emergence of next-generation sequencing technologies, which enable random amplification of genetic material of any microbe present in a clinical specimen, provides further exciting perspectives in the diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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14
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FTIR-assisted MALDI-TOF MS for the identification and typing of bacteria. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1111:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Shiny Matilda C, Madhusudan I, Gaurav Isola R, Shanthi C. Potential of proteomics to probe microbes. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:471-483. [PMID: 32212201 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An organism exposed to a plethora of environmental perturbations undergoes proteomic changes which enable the characterization of total proteins in it. Much of the proteomic information is obtained from genomic data. Additional information on the proteome such as posttranslational modifications, protein-protein interactions, protein localization, metabolic pathways, and so on are deduced using proteomic tools which genomics and transcriptomics fail to offer. The proteomic analysis allows identification of precise changes in proteins, which in turn solve the complexity of microbial population providing insights into the microbial metabolism, cellular pathways, and behavior of microorganisms in new environments. Furthermore, they provide clues for the exploitation of their special features for biotechnological applications. Numerous techniques for the analysis of microbial proteome such as electrophoretic, chromatographic, mass spectrometric-based methods as well as quantitative proteomics are available which facilitate protein separation, expression, identification, and quantification of proteins. An understanding of the potential of each of the proteomic tools has created a significant impact on diverse microbiological aspects and the same has been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chellaiah Shiny Matilda
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Iyengar Madhusudan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Ravi Gaurav Isola
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Chittibabu Shanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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Roux-Dalvai F, Gotti C, Leclercq M, Hélie MC, Boissinot M, Arrey TN, Dauly C, Fournier F, Kelly I, Marcoux J, Bestman-Smith J, Bergeron MG, Droit A. Fast and Accurate Bacterial Species Identification in Urine Specimens Using LC-MS/MS Mass Spectrometry and Machine Learning. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2492-2505. [PMID: 31585987 PMCID: PMC6885708 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.tir119.001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast identification of microbial species in clinical samples is essential to provide an appropriate antibiotherapy to the patient and reduce the prescription of broad-spectrum antimicrobials leading to antibioresistances. MALDI-TOF-MS technology has become a tool of choice for microbial identification but has several drawbacks: it requires a long step of bacterial culture before analysis (≥24 h), has a low specificity and is not quantitative. We developed a new strategy for identifying bacterial species in urine using specific LC-MS/MS peptidic signatures. In the first training step, libraries of peptides are obtained on pure bacterial colonies in DDA mode, their detection in urine is then verified in DIA mode, followed by the use of machine learning classifiers (NaiveBayes, BayesNet and Hoeffding tree) to define a peptidic signature to distinguish each bacterial species from the others. Then, in the second step, this signature is monitored in unknown urine samples using targeted proteomics. This method, allowing bacterial identification in less than 4 h, has been applied to fifteen species representing 84% of all Urinary Tract Infections. More than 31,000 peptides in 190 samples were quantified by DIA and classified by machine learning to determine an 82 peptides signature and build a prediction model. This signature was validated for its use in routine using Parallel Reaction Monitoring on two different instruments. Linearity and reproducibility of the method were demonstrated as well as its accuracy on donor specimens. Within 4h and without bacterial culture, our method was able to predict the predominant bacteria infecting a sample in 97% of cases and 100% above the standard threshold. This work demonstrates the efficiency of our method for the rapid and specific identification of the bacterial species causing UTI and could be extended in the future to other biological specimens and to bacteria having specific virulence or resistance factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Roux-Dalvai
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Clarisse Gotti
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Mickaël Leclercq
- Computational Biology Laboratory, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Hélie
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Maurice Boissinot
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | | | | | - Frédéric Fournier
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Kelly
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Judith Marcoux
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie Bestman-Smith
- Laboratoire de microbiologie-infectiologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, pavillon Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel G Bergeron
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie de l'Université Laval, Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada; Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Proteomics platform, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Computational Biology Laboratory, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada; Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
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Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Public Libraries via Proteomics Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16060912. [PMID: 30875719 PMCID: PMC6466425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hazardous organisms may thrive on surfaces that are often exposed to human contact, including children’s library books. In this study, swab samples were taken from 42 children’s books collected from four public libraries in Texas and California. Samples were then cultivated in brain–heart infusion (BHI) medium and then in Luria broth (LB) medium containing either ampicillin or kanamycin. All 42 samples (100%) were positive for bacterial growth in normal BHI medium. Furthermore, 35 samples (83.3%) and 20 samples (47.6%) in total were positive in LB medium containing ampicillin or kanamycin, respectively. Bacterial populations were then identified in samples using an Orbitrap Fusion™ Tribrid ™ mass spectrometer, a state-of-the-art proteomic analysis tool. Identified bacterial species grown in ampicillin included Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Salmonella, and Enterococcus. In contrast, identified bacteria grown in kanamycin included Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus. The presences of pathogenic bacteria species were also confirmed. The results of this study warrant follow up studies to assess the potential health risks of identified pathogens. This study demonstrates the utility of proteomics in identifying environmental pathogenic bacteria for specific public health risk evaluations.
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18
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Gal-Mor O. Persistent Infection and Long-Term Carriage of Typhoidal and Nontyphoidal Salmonellae. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00088-18. [PMID: 30487167 PMCID: PMC6302356 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00088-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of pathogenic bacteria to affect higher organisms and cause disease is one of the most dramatic properties of microorganisms. Some pathogens can establish transient colonization only, but others are capable of infecting their host for many years or even for a lifetime. Long-term infection is called persistence, and this phenotype is fundamental for the biology of important human pathogens, including Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Salmonella enterica Both typhoidal and nontyphoidal serovars of the species Salmonella enterica can cause persistent infection in humans; however, as these two Salmonella groups cause clinically distinct diseases, the characteristics of their persistent infections in humans differ significantly. Here, following a general summary of Salmonella pathogenicity, host specificity, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis, I review the current knowledge about Salmonella persistence and discuss the relevant epidemiology of persistence (including carrier rate, duration of shedding, and host and pathogen risk factors), the host response to Salmonella persistence, Salmonella genes involved in this lifestyle, as well as genetic and phenotypic changes acquired during prolonged infection within the host. Additionally, I highlight differences between the persistence of typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella strains in humans and summarize the current gaps and limitations in our understanding, diagnosis, and curing of persistent Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Gal-Mor
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Impacts and Challenges of Advanced Diagnostic Assays for Transplant Infectious Diseases. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF TRANSPLANT INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121269 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9034-4_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The advanced technologies described in this chapter should allow for full inventories to be made of bacterial genes, their time- and place-dependent expression, and the resulting proteins as well as their outcome metabolites. The evolution of these molecular technologies will continue, not only in the microbial pathogens but also in the context of host-pathogen interactions targeting human genomics and transcriptomics. Their performance characteristics and limitations must be clearly understood by both laboratory personnel and clinicians to ensure proper utilization and interpretation.
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20
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Greco V, Piras C, Pieroni L, Ronci M, Putignani L, Roncada P, Urbani A. Applications of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in clinical proteomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:683-696. [PMID: 30058389 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1505510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of precision medicine requires advanced technologies to address the multifactorial disease stratification and to support personalized treatments. Among omics techniques, proteomics based on Mass Spectrometry (MS) is becoming increasingly relevant in clinical practice allowing a phenotypic characterization of the dynamic functional status of the organism. From this perspective, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) MS is a suitable platform for providing a high-throughput support to clinics. Areas covered: This review aims to provide an updated overview of MALDI-TOF MS applications in clinical proteomics. The most relevant features of this analysis have been discussed, highlighting both pre-analytical and analytical factors that are crucial in proteomics studies. Particular emphasis is placed on biofluids proteomics for biomarkers discovery and on recent progresses in clinical microbiology, drug monitoring, and minimal residual disease (MRD). Expert commentary: Despite some analytical limitations, the latest technological advances together with the easiness of use, the low time and low cost consuming and the high throughput are making MALDI-TOF MS instruments very attractive for the clinical practice. These features offer a significant potential for the routine of the clinical laboratory and ultimately for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Greco
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy.,b Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Cristian Piras
- c Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria , Università degli studi di Milano , Milano , Italy
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- d Proteomics and Metabonomics Unit , IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- d Proteomics and Metabonomics Unit , IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,e Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences , University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- f Unit of Parasitology Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , IRCCS , Rome , Italy.,g Unit of Human Microbiome , Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- h Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute , Università degli studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry , Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy.,b Department of Laboratory Diagnostic and Infectious Diseases , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli-IRCCS , Rome , Italy
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Evaluation of the Accelerate Pheno System: Results from Two Academic Medical Centers. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:JCM.01672-17. [PMID: 29386262 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01672-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests are needed to improve patient care and to combat the problem of antimicrobial resistance. The Accelerate Pheno system (Accelerate Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ) is a new diagnostic device that can provide rapid bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) results directly from a positive blood culture. The device was compared to the standard of care at two academic medical centers. There were 298 blood cultures included in the study, and the Accelerate Pheno system provided a definitive identification result in 218 instances (73.2%). The Accelerate Pheno system provided a definitive and correct result for 173 runs (58.1%). The Accelerate Pheno system demonstrated an overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 94.7%, 98.9%, 83.7%, and 99.7%, respectively. An AST result was available for analysis in 146 instances. The overall category agreement was 94.1% with 12 very major errors, 5 major errors, and 55 minor errors. After a discrepancy analysis, there were 5 very major errors and 4 major errors. The Accelerate Pheno system provided an identification result in 1.4 h and an AST result in 6.6 h; the identification and AST results were 41.5 h and 48.4 h faster than those with the standard of care, respectively. This study demonstrated that the Accelerate Pheno system is able to provide fast and accurate organism identification and AST data. A limitation is the frequency with which cultures required the use of alternative identification and AST methods.
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22
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El-Bouri K, Johnston S, Rees E, Thomas I, Bome-Mannathoko N, Jones C, Reid M, Ben-Ismaeil B, Davies AP, Harris LG, Mack D. Comparison of bacterial identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and conventional diagnostic microbiology methods: agreement, speed and cost implications. Br J Biomed Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2012.12002436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. El-Bouri
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Laboratory ABM Swansea, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe-Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - S. Johnston
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Laboratory ABM Swansea, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe-Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - E. Rees
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Laboratory ABM Swansea, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe-Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - I. Thomas
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Laboratory ABM Swansea, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe-Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - N. Bome-Mannathoko
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - C. Jones
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - M. Reid
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Laboratory ABM Swansea, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe-Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - B. Ben-Ismaeil
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Laboratory ABM Swansea, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe-Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - A. P. Davies
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Laboratory ABM Swansea, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe-Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - L. G. Harris
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - D. Mack
- Public Health Wales Microbiology Laboratory ABM Swansea, Singleton Hospital, Abertawe-Bro Morgannwg University Health Board, Swansea, United Kingdom
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Life Science, School of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Tang YW, Stratton CW. Interpretation and Relevance of Advanced Technique Results. ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [PMCID: PMC7120226 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95111-9_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Advanced techniques in the field of diagnostic microbiology have made amazing progress over the past 25 years due largely to a technological revolution in the molecular aspects of microbiology [1, 2]. In particular, rapid molecular methods for nucleic acid amplification and characterization combined with automation in the clinical microbiology laboratory as well as user-friendly software and robust laboratory informatics systems have significantly broadened the diagnostic capabilities of modern clinical microbiology laboratories. Molecular methods such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) rapidly are being developed and introduced in the clinical laboratory setting [3, 4]. Indeed, every section of the clinical microbiology laboratory, including bacteriology, mycology, mycobacteriology, parasitology, and virology, has benefited from these advanced techniques. Because of the rapid development and adaptation of these molecular techniques, the interpretation and relevance of the results produced by such molecular methods continues to lag behind. The purpose of this chapter is to review, update, and discuss the interpretation and relevance of results produced by these advanced molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Tang
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Charles W. Stratton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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Bulane A, Hoosen A. Use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry analyser in a diagnostic microbiology laboratory in a developing country. Afr J Lab Med 2017; 6:598. [PMID: 29435422 PMCID: PMC5803516 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v6i1.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid and accurate identification of pathogens is of utmost importance for management of patients. Current identification relies on conventional phenotypic methods which are time consuming. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is based on proteomic profiling and allows for rapid identification of pathogens. Objective We compared MALDI-TOF MS against two commercial systems, MicroScan Walkaway and VITEK 2 MS. Methods Over a three-month period from July 2013 to September 2013, a total of 227 bacteria and yeasts were collected from an academic microbiology laboratory (N = 121; 87 Gram-negatives, seven Gram-positives, 27 yeasts) and other laboratories (N = 106; 35 Gram-negatives, 34 Gram-positives, 37 yeasts). Sixty-five positive blood cultures were initially processed with Bruker Sepsityper kit for direct identification. Results From the 65 blood culture bottles, four grew more than one bacterial pathogen and MALDI-TOF MS identified only one isolate. The blood cultures yielded 21 Gram-negatives, 43 Gram-positives and one Candida. There were 21 Escherirchia coli isolates which were reported by the MALDI-TOF MS as E. coli/Shigella. Of the total 292 isolates, discrepant results were found for one bacterial and three yeast isolates. Discrepant results were resolved by testing with the API system with MALDI-TOF MS showing 100% correlation. Conclusion The MALDI-TOF MS proved to be very useful for rapid and reliable identification of bacteria and yeasts directly from blood cultures and after culture of other specimens. The difference in time to identification was significant for all isolates. However, for positive blood cultures with minimal sample preparation time there was a massive difference in turn-around time with great appreciation by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atang Bulane
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anwar Hoosen
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Virology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Florio W, Morici P, Ghelardi E, Barnini S, Lupetti A. Recent advances in the microbiological diagnosis of bloodstream infections. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 44:351-370. [PMID: 29185372 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1407745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of the causative agent(s) of bloodstream infections (BSIs) are essential for the prompt administration of an effective antimicrobial therapy, which can result in clinical and financial benefits. Immediately after blood sampling, empirical antimicrobial therapy, chosen on clinical and epidemiological data, is administered. When ID and AST results are available, the clinician decides whether to continue or streamline the antimicrobial therapy, based on the results of the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the pathogen. The aim of the present study is to review and discuss the experimental data, advantages, and drawbacks of recently developed technological advances of culture-based and molecular methods for the diagnosis of BSI (including mass spectrometry, magnetic resonance, PCR-based methods, direct inoculation methods, and peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization), the understanding of which could provide new perspectives to improve and fasten the diagnosis and treatment of septic patients. Although blood culture remains the gold standard to diagnose BSIs, newly developed methods can significantly shorten the turnaround time of reliable microbial ID and AST, thus substantially improving the diagnostic yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Florio
- a Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Paola Morici
- a Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Emilia Ghelardi
- a Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Simona Barnini
- b U.O. Microbiologia Universitaria Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana , Pisa , Italy
| | - Antonella Lupetti
- a Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Sloan A, Wang G, Cheng K. Traditional approaches versus mass spectrometry in bacterial identification and typing. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 473:180-185. [PMID: 28866114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical methods such as metabolite testing and serotyping are traditionally used in clinical microbiology laboratories to identify and categorize microorganisms. Due to the large variety of bacteria, identifying representative metabolites is tedious, while raising high-quality antisera or antibodies unique to specific biomarkers used in serotyping is very challenging, sometimes even impossible. Although serotyping is a certified approach for differentiating bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella at the subspecies level, the method is tedious, laborious, and not practical during an infectious disease outbreak. Mass spectrometry (MS) platforms, especially matrix assisted laser desorption and ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), have recently become popular in the field of bacterial identification due to their fast speed and low cost. In the past few years, we have used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based approaches to solve various problems hindering serotyping and have overcome some insufficiencies of the MALDI-TOF-MS platform. The current article aims to review the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of MS-based platforms over traditional approaches in bacterial identification and categorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sloan
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gehua Wang
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Keding Cheng
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Wang Y, Rozen DE. Gut Microbiota Colonization and Transmission in the Burying Beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides throughout Development. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e03250-16. [PMID: 28213538 PMCID: PMC5394326 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03250-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrion beetles in the genus Nicrophorus rear their offspring on decomposing carcasses where larvae are exposed to a diverse community of decomposer bacteria. Parents coat the carcass with antimicrobial secretions prior to egg hatch (defined as prehatch care) and also feed regurgitated food, and potentially bacteria, to larvae throughout development (defined as full care). Here, we partition the roles of prehatch and posthatch parental care in the transmission and persistence of culturable symbiotic bacteria to larvae. Using three treatment groups (full care, prehatch care only, and no care), we found that larvae receiving full care are predominantly colonized by bacteria resident in the maternal gut while larvae receiving no care are colonized with bacteria from the carcass. More importantly, larvae receiving only prehatch care were also predominantly colonized by maternal bacteria; this result indicates that parental treatment of the carcass, including application of bacteria to the carcass surface, is sufficient to ensure symbiont transfer even in the absence of direct larval feeding. Later in development, we found striking evidence that pupae undergo an aposymbiotic stage, after which they are recolonized at eclosion with bacteria similar to those found on the molted larval cuticle and on the wall of the pupal chamber. Our results clarify the importance of prehatch parental care for symbiont transmission in Nicrophorus vespilloides and suggest that these bacteria successfully outcompete decomposer bacteria during larval and pupal gut colonization.IMPORTANCE Here, we examine the origin and persistence of the culturable gut microbiota of larvae in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides This insect is particularly interesting for this study because larvae are reared on decomposing vertebrate carcasses, where they are exposed to high densities of carrion-decomposing microbes. Larvae also receive extensive parental care in the form of carcass preservation and direct larval feeding. We find that parents transmit their gut bacteria to larvae both directly, through regurgitation, and indirectly via their effects on the carcass. In addition, we find that larvae become aposymbiotic during pupation but are recolonized apparently from bacteria shed onto the insect cuticle before adult eclosion. Our results highlight the diverse interactions between insect behavior and development on microbiota composition. They further suggest that competitive interactions mediate the bacterial composition of Nicrophorus larvae together with or apart from the influence of beetle immunity, suggesting that the bacterial communities of these insects may be highly coevolved with those of their host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel E Rozen
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Sandalakis V, Goniotakis I, Vranakis I, Chochlakis D, Psaroulaki A. Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in the battle against bacterial infectious diseases: recent achievements and future perspectives. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:253-267. [PMID: 28092721 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1282825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advancements in microbial identification occur increasingly faster as more laboratories explore, refine and extend the use of mass spectrometry in the field of microbiology. Areas covered: This review covers the latest knowledge found in the literature for quick identification of various classes of bacterial pathogens known to cause human infection by the use of MALDI-TOF MS technology. Except for identification of bacterial strains, more researchers try to 'battle time' in favor of the patient. These novel approaches to identify bacteria directly from clinical samples and even determine antibiotic resistance are extensively revised and discussed. Expert commentary: Mass spectrometry is the future of bacterial identification and creates a new era in modern microbiology. Its incorporation in routine practice seems to be not too far, providing a valuable alternative, especially in terms of time, to conventional techniques. If the technology further advances, quick bacterial identification and probable identification of common antibiotic resistance might guide patient decision-making regarding bacterial infectious diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Sandalakis
- a Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Ioannis Goniotakis
- a Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Iosif Vranakis
- a Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Chochlakis
- a Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Anna Psaroulaki
- a Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
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Siller-Ruiz M, Hernández-Egido S, Sánchez-Juanes F, González-Buitrago JM, Muñoz-Bellido JL. Fast methods of fungal and bacterial identification. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, chromogenic media. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2017; 35:303-313. [PMID: 28108122 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is now a routine resource in Clinical Microbiology, because of its speed and reliability in the identification of microorganisms. Its performance in the identification of bacteria and yeasts is perfectly contrasted. The identification of mycobacteria and moulds is more complex, due to the heterogeneity of spectra within each species. The methodology is somewhat more complex, and expanding the size of species libraries, and the number of spectra of each species, will be crucial to achieve greater efficiency. Direct identification from blood cultures has been implemented, since its contribution to the management of severe patients is evident, but its application to other samples is more complex. Chromogenic media have also contributed to the rapid diagnosis in both bacteria and yeast, since they accelerate the diagnosis, facilitate the detection of mixed cultures and allow rapid diagnosis of resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Siller-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Sara Hernández-Egido
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Juanes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - José Manuel González-Buitrago
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, España; Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - Juan Luis Muñoz-Bellido
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Universidad de Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, España; Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y del Diagnóstico, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España.
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30
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Sanguinetti M, Posteraro B. Mass spectrometry applications in microbiology beyond microbe identification: progress and potential. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:965-977. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1231578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Institute of Public Health (Section of Hygiene), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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31
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Cheng K, Chui H, Domish L, Hernandez D, Wang G. Recent development of mass spectrometry and proteomics applications in identification and typing of bacteria. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:346-57. [PMID: 26751976 PMCID: PMC5067657 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Identification and typing of bacteria occupy a large fraction of time and work in clinical microbiology laboratories. With the certification of some MS platforms in recent years, more applications and tests of MS‐based diagnosis methods for bacteria identification and typing have been created, not only on well‐accepted MALDI‐TOF‐MS‐based fingerprint matches, but also on solving the insufficiencies of MALDI‐TOF‐MS‐based platforms and advancing the technology to areas such as targeted MS identification and typing of bacteria, bacterial toxin identification, antibiotics susceptibility/resistance tests, and MS‐based diagnostic method development on unique bacteria such as Clostridium and Mycobacteria. This review summarizes the recent development in MS platforms and applications in bacteria identification and typing of common pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keding Cheng
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Huixia Chui
- Henan Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Larissa Domish
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Drexler Hernandez
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gehua Wang
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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32
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Behrendt U, Augustin J, Spröer C, Gelbrecht J, Schumann P, Ulrich A. Taxonomic characterisation of Proteus terrae sp. nov., a N2O-producing, nitrate-ammonifying soil bacterium. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:1457-1468. [PMID: 26437638 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the context of studying the influence of N-fertilization on N2 and N2O flux rates in relation to the soil bacterial community composition in fen peat grassland, a group of bacterial strains was isolated that performed dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and concomitantly produced N2O. The amount of nitrous oxide produced was influenced by the C/N ratio of the medium. The potential to generate nitrous oxide was increased by higher availability of nitrate-N. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA and the rpoB gene sequences demonstrated that the investigated isolates belong to the genus Proteus, showing high similarity with the respective type strains of Proteus vulgaris and Proteus penneri. DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed differences at the species level. These differences were substantiated by MALDI-TOF MS analysis and several distinct physiological characteristics. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that the soil isolates represent a novel species for which the name Proteus terrae sp. nov. (type strain N5/687(T) =DSM 29910(T) =LMG 28659(T)) is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undine Behrendt
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Augustin
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Gelbrecht
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Central Chemical Laboratory, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schumann
- Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Ulrich
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
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Floyd KA, Meyer AE, Nelson G, Hadjifrangiskou M. The yin-yang driving urinary tract infection and how proteomics can enhance research, diagnostics, and treatment. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:990-1002. [PMID: 26255866 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) afflict millions of people worldwide both in the community and the hospital setting. The onset, duration, and severity of infection depend on the characteristics of the invading pathogen (yin), as well as the immune response elicited by the infected individual (yang). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) account for the majority of UTIs, and extensive investigations by many scientific groups have elucidated an elaborate pathogenic UPEC life cycle, involving the occupation of extracellular and intracellular niches and the expression of an arsenal of virulence factors that facilitate niche occupation. This review will summarize the current knowledge on UPEC pathogenesis; the host immune responses elicited to combat infection; and it will describe proteomics approaches used to understand UPEC pathogenesis, as well as drive diagnostics and treatment options. Finally, new strategies are highlighted that could be applied toward furthering our knowledge regarding host-bacterial interactions during UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Floyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - George Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Singhal N, Kumar M, Kanaujia PK, Virdi JS. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: an emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:791. [PMID: 26300860 PMCID: PMC4525378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 795] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently microorganisms are best identified using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. However, in recent years matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a potential tool for microbial identification and diagnosis. During the MALDI-TOF MS process, microbes are identified using either intact cells or cell extracts. The process is rapid, sensitive, and economical in terms of both labor and costs involved. The technology has been readily imbibed by microbiologists who have reported usage of MALDI-TOF MS for a number of purposes like, microbial identification and strain typing, epidemiological studies, detection of biological warfare agents, detection of water- and food-borne pathogens, detection of antibiotic resistance and detection of blood and urinary tract pathogens etc. The limitation of the technology is that identification of new isolates is possible only if the spectral database contains peptide mass fingerprints of the type strains of specific genera/species/subspecies/strains. This review provides an overview of the status and recent applications of mass spectrometry for microbial identification. It also explores the usefulness of this exciting new technology for diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelja Singhal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan K Kanaujia
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
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The rebirth of culture in microbiology through the example of culturomics to study human gut microbiota. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:237-64. [PMID: 25567229 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00014-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial culture was the first method used to describe the human microbiota, but this method is considered outdated by many researchers. Metagenomics studies have since been applied to clinical microbiology; however, a "dark matter" of prokaryotes, which corresponds to a hole in our knowledge and includes minority bacterial populations, is not elucidated by these studies. By replicating the natural environment, environmental microbiologists were the first to reduce the "great plate count anomaly," which corresponds to the difference between microscopic and culture counts. The revolution in bacterial identification also allowed rapid progress. 16S rRNA bacterial identification allowed the accurate identification of new species. Mass spectrometry allowed the high-throughput identification of rare species and the detection of new species. By using these methods and by increasing the number of culture conditions, culturomics allowed the extension of the known human gut repertoire to levels equivalent to those of pyrosequencing. Finally, taxonogenomics strategies became an emerging method for describing new species, associating the genome sequence of the bacteria systematically. We provide a comprehensive review on these topics, demonstrating that both empirical and hypothesis-driven approaches will enable a rapid increase in the identification of the human prokaryote repertoire.
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36
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Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Diagnosis of Bacterial Gastroenteritis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:3-31. [PMID: 25567220 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00073-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial gastroenteritis is a disease that is pervasive in both the developing and developed worlds. While for the most part bacterial gastroenteritis is self-limiting, identification of an etiological agent by bacterial stool culture is required for the management of patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea, symptoms consistent with invasive disease, or a history that may predict a complicated course of disease. Importantly, characterization of bacterial enteropathogens from stool cultures in clinical laboratories is one of the primary means by which public health officials identify and track outbreaks of bacterial gastroenteritis. This article provides guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories that perform stool cultures. The general characteristics, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of key bacterial enteropathogens are summarized. Information regarding optimal specimen collection, transport, and processing and current diagnostic tests and testing algorithms is provided. This article is an update of Cumitech 12A (P. H. Gilligan, J. M. Janda, M. A. Karmali, and J. M. Miller, Cumitech 12A, Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial diarrhea, 1992).
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Paauw A, Jonker D, Roeselers G, Heng JME, Mars-Groenendijk RH, Trip H, Molhoek EM, Jansen HJ, van der Plas J, de Jong AL, Majchrzykiewicz-Koehorst JA, Speksnijder AGCL. Rapid and reliable discrimination between Shigella species and Escherichia coli using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 305:446-52. [PMID: 25912807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E. coli-Shigella species are a cryptic group of bacteria in which the Shigella species are distributed within the phylogenetic tree of E. coli. The nomenclature is historically based and the discrimination of these genera developed as a result of the epidemiological need to identify the cause of shigellosis, a severe disease caused by Shigella species. For these reasons, this incorrect classification of shigellae persists to date, and the ability to rapidly characterize E. coli and Shigella species remains highly desirable. Until recently, existing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) assays used to identify bacteria could not discriminate between E. coli and Shigella species. Here we present a rapid classification method for the E. coli-Shigella phylogroup based on MALDI-TOF MS which is supported by genetic analysis. E. coli and Shigella isolates were collected and genetically characterized by MLVA. A custom reference library for MALDI-TOF MS that represents the genetic diversity of E. coli and Shigella strains was developed. Characterization of E. coli and Shigella species is based on an approach with Biotyper software. Using this reference library it was possible to distinguish between Shigella species and E. coli. Of the 180 isolates tested, 94.4% were correctly classified as E. coli or shigellae. The results of four (2.2%) isolates could not be interpreted and six (3.3%) isolates were classified incorrectly. The custom library extends the existing MALDI-TOF MS method for species determination by enabling rapid and accurate discrimination between Shigella species and E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armand Paauw
- Department of CBRN Protection, TNO, PO Box 45, 2280 AA Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
| | - Debby Jonker
- Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, PO Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guus Roeselers
- Department of CBRN Protection, TNO, PO Box 45, 2280 AA Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan M E Heng
- Department of CBRN Protection, TNO, PO Box 45, 2280 AA Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hein Trip
- Department of CBRN Protection, TNO, PO Box 45, 2280 AA Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - E Margo Molhoek
- Department of CBRN Protection, TNO, PO Box 45, 2280 AA Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo-Jan Jansen
- Expert Centre Force Health Protection, Ministry of Defence, PO Box 185, MPC 56A, 3940 AD, Doorn, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Plas
- Expert Centre Force Health Protection, Ministry of Defence, PO Box 185, MPC 56A, 3940 AD, Doorn, The Netherlands
| | - Ad L de Jong
- Department of CBRN Protection, TNO, PO Box 45, 2280 AA Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arjen G C L Speksnijder
- Cluster of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam, PO Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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38
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Oumeraci T, Jensen V, Talbot SR, Hofmann W, Kostrzewa M, Schlegelberger B, von Neuhoff N, Häussler S. Comprehensive MALDI-TOF biotyping of the non-redundant Harvard Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 transposon insertion mutant library. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117144. [PMID: 25665154 PMCID: PMC4321832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium that is ubiquitously present in the aerobic biosphere. As an antibiotic-resistant facultative pathogen, it is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Its rapid and accurate identification is crucial in clinical and therapeutic environments. METHODS In a large-scale MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based screen of the Harvard transposon insertion mutant library of P. aeruginosa strain PA14, intact-cell proteome profile spectra of 5547 PA14 transposon mutants exhibiting a plethora of different phenotypes were acquired and analyzed. RESULTS Of all P. aeruginosa PA14 mutant profiles 99.7% were correctly identified as P. aeruginosa with the Biotyper software on the species level. On the strain level, 99.99% of the profiles were mapped to five different individual P. aeruginosa Biotyper database entries. A principal component analysis-based approach was used to determine the most important discriminatory mass features between these Biotyper groups. Although technical replicas were consistently categorized to specific Biotyper groups in 94.2% of the mutant profiles, biological replicas were not, indicating that the distinct proteotypes are affected by growth conditions. CONCLUSIONS The PA14 mutant profile collection presented here constitutes the largest coherent P. aeruginosa MALDI-TOF spectral dataset publicly available today. Transposon insertions in thousands of different P. aeruginosa genes did not affect species identification from MALDI-TOF mass spectra, clearly demonstrating the robustness of the approach. However, the assignment of the individual spectra to sub-groups proved to be non-consistent in biological replicas, indicating that the differentiation between biotyper groups in this nosocomial pathogen is unassured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonio Oumeraci
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Jensen
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Twincore, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A joint venture of the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research Braunschweig and the MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven R. Talbot
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Winfried Hofmann
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Nils von Neuhoff
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Pathology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Twincore, Center for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A joint venture of the Helmholtz Center for Infection Research Braunschweig and the MHH, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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39
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Bourassa L, Butler-Wu SM. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry for Microorganism Identification. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Krásný L, Rohlová E, Růžičková H, Šantrůček J, Hynek R, Hochel I. Differentiation of Cronobacter spp. by tryptic digestion of the cell suspension followed by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 98:105-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Evaluation of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and Sepsityper Kit™ for the direct identification of organisms from sterile body fluids in a Canadian pediatric hospital. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 24:191-4. [PMID: 24489560 DOI: 10.1155/2013/701093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) can be used to identify bacteria directly from positive blood and sterile fluid cultures. The authors evaluated a commercially available kit - the Sepsityper Kit (Bruker Daltonik, Germany) - and MALDI-TOF MS for the rapid identification of organisms from 80 flagged positive blood culture broths, of which 73 (91.2%) were blood culture specimens and seven (8.7%) were cerebrospinal fluid specimens, in comparison with conventional identification methods. Correct identification to the genus and species levels was obtained in 75 of 80 (93.8%) and 39 of 50 (78%) blood culture broths, respectively. Applying the blood culture analysis module, a newly developed software tool, improved the species identification of Gram-negative organisms from 94.7% to 100% and of Gram-positive organisms from 66.7% to 70%. MALDI-TOF MS is a promising tool for the direct identification of organisms cultured from sterile sites.
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42
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Evaluation of the rapid RIDAQUICK Campylobacter® test in a general hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 78:101-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: a fundamental shift in the routine practice of clinical microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 26:547-603. [PMID: 23824373 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00072-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 522] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the past decade, clinical microbiology laboratories experienced revolutionary changes in the way in which microorganisms are identified, moving away from slow, traditional microbial identification algorithms toward rapid molecular methods and mass spectrometry (MS). Historically, MS was clinically utilized as a high-complexity method adapted for protein-centered analysis of samples in chemistry and hematology laboratories. Today, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS is adapted for use in microbiology laboratories, where it serves as a paradigm-shifting, rapid, and robust method for accurate microbial identification. Multiple instrument platforms, marketed by well-established manufacturers, are beginning to displace automated phenotypic identification instruments and in some cases genetic sequence-based identification practices. This review summarizes the current position of MALDI-TOF MS in clinical research and in diagnostic clinical microbiology laboratories and serves as a primer to examine the "nuts and bolts" of MALDI-TOF MS, highlighting research associated with sample preparation, spectral analysis, and accuracy. Currently available MALDI-TOF MS hardware and software platforms that support the use of MALDI-TOF with direct and precultured specimens and integration of the technology into the laboratory workflow are also discussed. Finally, this review closes with a prospective view of the future of MALDI-TOF MS in the clinical microbiology laboratory to accelerate diagnosis and microbial identification to improve patient care.
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Clark CG, Kruczkiewicz P, Guan C, McCorrister SJ, Chong P, Wylie J, van Caeseele P, Tabor HA, Snarr P, Gilmour MW, Taboada EN, Westmacott GR. Evaluation of MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy methods for determination of Escherichia coli pathotypes. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 94:180-91. [PMID: 23816532 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is rapidly becoming apparent that many E. coli pathotypes cause a considerable burden of human disease. Surveillance of these organisms is difficult because there are few or no simple, rapid methods for detecting and differentiating the different pathotypes. MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopy has recently been rapidly and enthusiastically adopted by many clinical laboratories as a diagnostic method because of its high throughput, relatively low cost, and adaptability to the laboratory workflow. To determine whether the method could be adapted for E. coli pathotype differentiation the Bruker Biotyper methodology and a second methodology adapted from the scientific literature were tested on isolates representing eight distinct pathotypes and two other groups of E. coli. A total of 136 isolates was used for this study. Results confirmed that the Bruker Biotyper methodology that included extraction of proteins from bacterial cells was capable of identifying E. coli isolates from all pathotypes to the species level and, furthermore, that the Bruker extraction and MALDI-TOF MS with the evaluation criteria developed in this work was effective for differentiating most pathotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford G Clark
- Enteric Diseases Program, Bacteriology and Enteric Diseases Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington Street, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2 Canada.
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Schaumann R, Knoop N, Genzel GH, Losensky K, Rosenkranz C, Stîngu CS, Schellenberger W, Rodloff AC, Eschrich K. Discrimination of Enterobacteriaceae and Non-fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Open Microbiol J 2013; 7:118-22. [PMID: 23919091 PMCID: PMC3722536 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801307010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Discrimination of Enterobacteriaceae and Non-fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has proven to be an effective identification tool in medical microbiology. Discrimination to subspecies or serovar level has been found to be challenging using commercially available identification software. By forming our own reference database and using alternative analysis methods, we could reliably identify all implemented Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram negative bacilli by MALDI-TOF MS and even succeeded to distinguish Shigella sonnei from Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar Enteritidis from Salmonella enterica spp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Furthermore, the method showed the ability to separate Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) from non-enteropathogenic E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Schaumann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Patel R. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in clinical microbiology. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:564-72. [PMID: 23595835 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread application of nucleic acid diagnostics, cultures remain integral in modern laboratories. Because cultures detect a large number of organism types, it is unlikely that they will disappear from clinical practice in the near future. Their downside is slow turn-around time, impacted by time to growth and identification of that growth. The latter is expedited using a new proteomic technology, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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47
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Optimization of routine identification of clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria by use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and the Bruker Biotyper. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:1412-20. [PMID: 23426923 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01803-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) might complement and one day replace phenotypic identification of bacteria in the clinical microbiology laboratory, but there is no consensus standard regarding the requirements for its validation prior to clinical use in the United States. The objective of this study was to assess the preanalytical variables influencing Gram-negative identification by use of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS system, including density of organism spotting on a stainless steel target plate and the direct overlay of organisms with formic acid. A heavy smear with formic acid overlay was either superior or equivalent to alternative smear conditions. Microbiological preanalytical variables were also assayed, such as culture medium, growth temperature, and use of serial subculture. Postanalytical analysis included the application of modified species-level identification acceptance criteria. Biotyper identifications were compared with those using traditional phenotypic methods, and discrepancies were resolved with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared to the recommended score cutoffs of the manufacturer, the application of optimized Biotyper score cutoffs for species-level identification increased the rate of identification by 6.75% for the enteric Gram-negative bacteria and 4.25% for the nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria. Various incubation temperatures, growth medium types, and repeat subcultures did not result in misidentification. We conclude that the Bruker MALDI Biotyper is a robust system for the identification of Gram-negative organisms in the clinical laboratory and that meaningful performance improvements can be made by implementing simple pre- and postanalytical techniques.
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Interpretation and Relevance of Advanced Technique Results. ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7119927 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3970-7_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Advanced techniques in the field of diagnostic microbiology have made amazing progress over the past two decades due largely to a technological revolution in the molecular aspects of microbiology [1, 2]. In particular, rapid molecular methods for nucleic acid amplification and characterization combined with automation and user-friendly software have significantly broadened the diagnostic capabilities of modern clinical microbiology laboratories. Molecular methods such as nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) rapidly are being developed and introduced in the clinical laboratory setting. Indeed, every section of the clinical microbiology laboratory, including bacteriology, mycology, mycobacteriology, parasitology, and virology, have benefited from these advanced techniques. Because of the rapid development and adaptation of these molecular techniques, the interpretation and relevance of the results produced by such molecular methods has lagged somewhat behind. The purpose of this chapter is to review and discuss the interpretation and relevance of results produced by these advanced molecular techniques. Moreover, this chapter will address the “myths” of NAATs, as these myths can markedly influence the interpretation and relevance of these results.
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Muñoz Bellido JL, Vega Castaño S, Ferreira L, Sánchez Juanes F, González Buitrago JM. [Proteomic applications in the Clinical Microbiology laboratory]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:383-93. [PMID: 22285825 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is rapidly becoming a new routine resource in Clinical Microbiology laboratories. Its usefulness for bacterial identification is now generally accepted, although there is still some reluctance as regards specific bacterial groups and some other microorganisms, such as moulds. There are other potential applications of this technology in Clinical Microbiology, which are beginning to be developed. A review is presented on the current data on the identification of microorganisms, including the most problematic groups, such as mycobacteria, anaerobic bacteria and moulds. We also analyse its applications for direct sample identification, its impact on pathogenic characteristics of microorganisms, and its potential epidemiological applications. Finally, we review the studies published on its applications for determining antimicrobial susceptibility, and its applications on amplicons, instead of microorganism protein extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Microbiología Médica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, España.
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Comparative evaluation of Bruker Biotyper and BD Phoenix systems for identification of bacterial pathogens associated with urinary tract infections. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3936-9. [PMID: 21918029 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.05363-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bruker Biotyper and BD Phoenix systems were evaluated for identification of 1,024 bacterial urinary tract isolates. The Biotyper and Phoenix systems correctly identified 99.9% and 99.5% to the genus level and 99.1% and 98.5% to the species level, respectively. Both systems provide reliable results, and the Biotyper system offers a rapid tool for urine bacterial isolate identification.
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