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Diotallevi A, Buffi G, Barocci S, Ceccarelli M, Bencardino D, Andreoni F, Orlandi C, Ferri M, Vandini D, Menzo S, Carlotti E, Casabianca A, Magnani M, Galluzzi L. Rapid monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern through high-resolution melt analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21598. [PMID: 38062105 PMCID: PMC10703772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The current global pandemic of COVID-19 is characterized by waves of infection due to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants carrying mutations on the Spike (S) protein gene. Since autumn 2020 many Variants of Concern (VOC) have been reported: Alpha/B.1.1.7, Beta/B.1.351, Gamma/P.1, Delta/B.1.617.2, Omicron/B.1.1.529, and sublineages. Surveillance of genomic variants is currently based on whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of viral genomes on a random fraction of samples positive to molecular tests. WGS involves high costs, extended analysis time, specialized staff, and expensive instruments compared to a PCR-based test. To rapidly identify the VOCs in positive samples, six assays based on real-time PCR and high-resolution melting (HRM) were designed on the S gene and applied to 120 oro/nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from October 2020 to June 2022 (106 positive and 14 negative samples). Overall, the assays showed 100% specificity and sensitivity compared with commercial PCR tests for COVID-19. Moreover, 104 samples out of 106 (98.1%) were correctly identified as follows: 8 Wuhan (wild type), 12 Alpha, 23 Delta, 46 Omicron BA.1/BA.1.1, 15 Omicron BA.2/BA.4/BA.5. With our lab equipment, about 10 samples can be processed every 3 h at the cost of less than € 10 ($ 10.60) per sample, including RNA extraction. The implementation of this approach could help local epidemiological surveillance and clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Diotallevi
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 60132, Fano, PU, Italy.
| | - Gloria Buffi
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 60132, Fano, PU, Italy
| | - Simone Barocci
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale (AST) Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceccarelli
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 60132, Fano, PU, Italy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale (AST) Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Daniela Bencardino
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 60132, Fano, PU, Italy
| | - Francesca Andreoni
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 60132, Fano, PU, Italy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale (AST) Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Chiara Orlandi
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 60132, Fano, PU, Italy
| | - Marilisa Ferri
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale (AST) Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Daniela Vandini
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale (AST) Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Stefano Menzo
- Virology Laboratory, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Eugenio Carlotti
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Sanitaria Territoriale (AST) Pesaro e Urbino Marche, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Anna Casabianca
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 60132, Fano, PU, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 60132, Fano, PU, Italy
| | - Luca Galluzzi
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 60132, Fano, PU, Italy
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Hamdy MER, Abdel-Haleem MH, Dawod RE, Ismail RI, Hazem SS, Fahmy HA, Abdel-Hamid NH. First seroprevalence and molecular identification report of Brucella canis among dogs in Greater Cairo region and Damietta Governorate of Egypt. Vet World 2023; 16:229-238. [PMID: 36855351 PMCID: PMC9967726 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.229-238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Given the rise in stray and imported dogs in Egypt over the past 5 years, it is surprising that no report of Brucella canis infection in dogs or humans has been documented in Egypt's published papers. This study aimed to detect the presence of antibodies against the rough (B. canis) and smooth Brucellae among dogs in Egypt and to characterize the Brucella species circulating in dogs. Materials and Methods Blood samples (n = 449) were collected from owned and stray dogs in the Greater Cairo region (n = 309) and Damietta governorate (n = 140). The apparent, true, and total seroprevalence of canine brucellosis caused by B. canis infection were calculated using the 2-mercaptoethanol tube agglutination test (2-ME TAT) and rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT). We used the rose Bengal test (RBT) and the buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT) to check the serum samples from dogs for the presence of antibodies against smooth Brucellae. Three polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays - Bruce-ladder PCR, B. canis species-specific PCR (BcSS-PCR), and Abortus Melitensis Ovis Suis (AMOS)-PCR - were used to determine the Brucella species in the buffy coats of the serologically positive dogs. Results The overall apparent and true prevalence of B. canis infection in dogs were estimated to be 3.8% and 13.2%. The estimated true prevalence in stray dogs (15%) was higher than in owned dogs (12.5%). The BAPAT and the RBT using smooth antigens revealed that 11 (2.4%) and 9 (2%) were positive. Bruce-ladder PCR targeting eryC, ABC, and Polysaccharide deacetylase genes was able to identify B. canis in nine out of 17 buffy coat samples. AMOS-PCR identified the eight undetermined Brucella species by Bruce-ladder PCR as Brucella abortus (n = 4) and Brucella melitensis (n = 4). To exclude the presence of Brucella suis, a one-step species-specific BcSS-PCR was performed and specifically amplified all B. canis DNA (n = 9) the same as did the Bruce-ladder PCR. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. canis detection in dogs in Egypt. Molecular identification of B. abortus and B. melitensis in the Egyptian canines highlights the role of stray dogs in brucellosis remerging in Brucellosis-free dairy farms. Brucella canis infection can be diagnosed specifically with the one-step BcSS-PCR. The obtained results set-an-alarm to the veterinary authorities to launch plans to control this disease in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud E. R. Hamdy
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H. Abdel-Haleem
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Rehab E. Dawod
- Department of Bacteriology, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute (Damietta Branch), Egypt
| | - Rania I. Ismail
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Soliman S. Hazem
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Fahmy
- Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, 12618 Egypt
| | - Nour H. Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Brucellosis Research, Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo 12618, Egypt,Corresponding author: Nour H. Abdel-Hamid, e-mail: Co-authors: MERH: , MHA: , RED: , RII: , SSH: , HAF:
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Anisimova EA, Fakhrutdinov NA, Mirgazov DA, Dodonova EA, Elizarova IA, Gorbunova ME, Khammadov NI, Zainullin LI, Osyanin KA. Bacillus anthracis strain differentiation based on SNP and VNTR loci. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:560-567. [PMID: 36313827 PMCID: PMC9556301 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is the anthrax causative agent. For its epidemiology, it is important not only to identify the etiological agent but also to determine the patterns of its evolution and spread. Modern methods of molecular biology make it possible to detect a number of genetic markers suitable for indicating and differentiating the strains of B. anthracis, including the loci arranged as variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) and SNPs, one nucleotide-sized differences in the DNA sequence of the loci being compared. The objective of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of SNP analysis and PCR amplif ication of VNTR loci combined with the high-resolution amplicon melting analysis for identif ication and differentiation of the anthrax agent strains. In the study, seven strains of B. anthracis obtained from soil samples and animal carcasses were investigated using vaccine strain STI-1 as a reference. For molecular genetic characterization of these bacteria, analysis of 12 SNPs and variability analysis of eight VNTR loci were carried out. To detect the differences between the strains, their PCR product melting points were measured in the presence of the EvaGreen (Sintol, Russia) intercalating dye. For SNP detection, a PCR assay with double TaqMan probes was applied. It was found that the studied virulent strains, except for B. anthracis No. 1 and 3, could not be attributed to any phylogenetic subgroup of the anthrax agents. The proposed method made it possible to differentiate four out of the seven investigated strains. Strains No. 5-7 had identical SNP and HRM prof iles and, as a result, formed a single cluster. Our investigation has conf irmed that the proposed method can be successfully used for preliminary analysis of an epizootic situation in the case of anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Anisimova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchny Gorodok-2, Kazan, Russia
| | - N A Fakhrutdinov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchny Gorodok-2, Kazan, Russia
| | - D A Mirgazov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchny Gorodok-2, Kazan, Russia
| | - E A Dodonova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchny Gorodok-2, Kazan, Russia
| | - I A Elizarova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchny Gorodok-2, Kazan, Russia
| | - M E Gorbunova
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchny Gorodok-2, Kazan, Russia
| | - N I Khammadov
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchny Gorodok-2, Kazan, Russia
| | - L I Zainullin
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchny Gorodok-2, Kazan, Russia
| | - K A Osyanin
- Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchny Gorodok-2, Kazan, Russia
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Kurmanov B, Zincke D, Su W, Hadfield TL, Aikimbayev A, Karibayev T, Berdikulov M, Orynbayev M, Nikolich MP, Blackburn JK. Assays for Identification and Differentiation of Brucella Species: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081584. [PMID: 36014002 PMCID: PMC9416531 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Cases are reported annually across the range of known infectious species of the genus Brucella. Globally, Brucella melitensis, primarily hosted by domestic sheep and goats, affects large proportions of livestock herds, and frequently spills over into humans. While some species, such as Brucella abortus, are well controlled in livestock in areas of North America, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem supports the species in native wild ungulates with occasional spillover to livestock. Elsewhere in North America, other Brucella species still infect domestic dogs and feral swine, with some associated human cases. Brucella spp. patterns vary across space globally with B. abortus and B. melitensis the most important for livestock control. A myriad of other species within the genus infect a wide range of marine mammals, wildlife, rodents, and even frogs. Infection in humans from these others varies with geography and bacterial species. Control in humans is primarily achieved through livestock vaccination and culling and requires accurate and rapid species confirmation; vaccination is Brucella spp.-specific and typically targets single livestock species for distribution. Traditional bacteriology methods are slow (some media can take up to 21 days for bacterial growth) and often lack the specificity of molecular techniques. Here, we summarize the molecular techniques for confirming and identifying specific Brucella species and provide recommendations for selecting the appropriate methods based on need, sensitivity, and laboratory capabilities/technology. As vaccination/culling approaches are costly and logistically challenging, proper diagnostics and species identification are critical tools for targeting surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berzhan Kurmanov
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wanwen Su
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Ted L. Hadfield
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alim Aikimbayev
- Scientific Practical Center for Sanitary Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring, Ministry of Health, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Karibayev
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxat Berdikulov
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Special Problems, Otar, Zhambyl 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jason K. Blackburn
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
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High-Resolution Melting PCR as Rapid Genotyping Tool for Brucella Species. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020336. [PMID: 35208791 PMCID: PMC8876322 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella sp. are the causative agents of brucellosis. One of the main characteristics of the Brucella genus concerns its very high genetic homogeneity. To date, classical bacteriology typing is still considered as the gold standard assay for direct diagnosis of Brucella. Molecular approaches are routinely used for the identification of Brucella at the genus level. However, genotyping is more complex, and to date, no method exists to quickly assign a strain into species and biovar levels, and new approaches are required. Next generation sequencing (NGS) opened a new era into the diagnosis of bacterial diseases. In this study, we designed a high-resolution melting (HRM) method for the rapid screening of DNA and direct assignment into one of the 12 species of the Brucella genus. This method is based on 17 relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified and selected from a whole genome SNP (wgSNP) analysis based on 988 genomes (complete and drafts). These markers were tested against the collection of the European Reference Laboratory (EU-RL) for brucellosis (1440 DNAs extracted from Brucella strains). The results confirmed the reliability of the panel of 17 SNP markers, allowing the differentiation of each species of Brucella together with biovars 1, 2, and 3 of B. suis and vaccine strain Rev1 (B. melitensis) within 3 h, which is a considerable gain of time for brucellosis diagnosis. Therefore, this genotyping tool provides a new and quick alternative for Brucella identification based on SNPs with the HRM-PCR assay.
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McDaniel AJ, Derscheid RJ. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and high-resolution melting PCR for the identification of Mycoplasma bovis isolates. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:170. [PMID: 33865378 PMCID: PMC8052663 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen of cattle worldwide. Many different clinical manifestations of infection can occur, including respiratory disease, arthritis, and mastitis, causing heavy losses to beef and dairy industries. Because Mycoplasma species are slow-growing and fastidious, traditional identification methods are not cost- or time-effective, and improved methods are sought to streamline laboratory processes. High-resolution melting PCR (HRM-PCR) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) are 2 relatively recent tools that are rapid and inexpensive to use; we tested 9 isolates of M. bovis using both assays. The HRM-PCR assay used universal mycoplasma primers for the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region (IGSR). RESULTS The resulting melting profiles of the field isolates were indistinguishable from the reference strain, indicating accurate identification. For the MALDI-TOF MS, each M. bovis isolate was accurately identified. Mycoplasma arginini and Mycoplasma alkalescens isolates did not identify as M. bovis when tested by either assay. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows that either assay could be used to identify unknown M. bovis isolates. For future work, the MALDI-TOF MS library should be expanded to include more mycoplasmas, and the HRM-PCR assay should be tested on additional mycoplasmas to ensure that the melting profiles are sufficiently distinctive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aric J McDaniel
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine (McDaniel) and Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (Derscheid), College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Rachel J Derscheid
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine (McDaniel) and Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine (Derscheid), College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Santos RL, Souza TD, Mol JPS, Eckstein C, Paíxão TA. Canine Brucellosis: An Update. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:594291. [PMID: 33738302 PMCID: PMC7962550 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.594291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine brucellosis is an infectious and zoonotic disease caused by Brucella canis, which has been reported worldwide, and is a major public health concern due to close contact between dogs and humans. In dogs, canine brucellosis manifests with abortion outbreaks, reproductive failure, enlargement of lymph nodes, and occasionally affects the osteoarticular system, although the occurrence of asymptomatic infections in dogs are not uncommon. In humans, the disease is associated with a febrile syndrome, commonly with non-specific symptoms including splenomegaly, fatigue, and weakness. Infection of dogs occurs mostly by the oronasal route when in contact with contaminated tissues such as aborted fetuses, semen, urine, and vaginal secretions. In humans, contact with contaminated fluids from infected dogs is an important source of infection, and it is an occupational risk for veterinarians, breeders, laboratory workers, among other professionals who deal with infected animals or biological samples. The diagnosis in dogs is largely based on serologic methods. However, serologic diagnosis of canine brucellosis remains very challenging due to the low accuracy of available tests. Molecular diagnostic methods have been increasingly used in the past few years. Treatment of infected dogs is associated with a high frequency of relapse, and should be employed only in selected cases. Currently there are no commercially available vaccines for prevention of canine brucellosis. Therefore, development of novel and improved diagnostic methods as well as the development of efficacious and safe vaccination protocols are needed for an effective control of canine brucellosis and its associated zoonotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato L Santos
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tayse D Souza
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana P S Mol
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Eckstein
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Tatiane A Paíxão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Xu S, Qiu X, Hou X, Zhou H, Chen D, Wang X, Han L, Li D, Sun L, Ji X, Li M, Zhang J, Li M, Li Z. Direct detection of Corynebacterium striatum, Corynebacterium propinquum, and Corynebacterium simulans in sputum samples by high-resolution melt curve analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:21. [PMID: 33413116 PMCID: PMC7788810 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary infections caused by non-diphtheriae corynebacteria are increasing. However, rapid identification of Corynebacterium species poses a challenge due to the low genetic variation within the genus. METHODS Three reference strains and 99 clinical isolates were used in this study. A qPCR followed by high-resolution melting (HRM) targeting ssrA was performed to simultaneously identify C. striatum, C. propinquum and C. simulans. To further evaluate this assay's performance, 88 clinical sputum samples were tested by HRM and the detection results were compared with those of the traditional culture method and multiple cross-displacement amplification (MCDA) assay. RESULTS The melting curve produced by a pair of universal primers generated species-specific HRM curve profiles and could distinguish the three target species from other related bacteria. The limit of detection of HRM assay for DNA from the three purified Corynebacterium species was 100 fg. Compared with the culture method, HRM detected 22 additional positive specimens, representing a 23.9% relative increase in detection rate. The HRM assay had 98.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.5-99.9%) sensitivity and 100% (95% CI, 82.8-100%) specificity. Additionally, 95.5% concordance between HRM and MCDA (κ = 0.89 [95% CI, 0.79-0.99]) was noted. CONCLUSIONS The HRM assay was a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tool for detecting C. striatum, C. propinquum, and C. simulans, with the potential to contribute to early diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, and rapid response to outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongke Chen
- Department, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lichao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhao Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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Ntirandekura JB, Makene VA, Kasanga CJ, Matemba LE, Kimera SI, Muma JB, Karimuribo ED. Molecular characterization of Brucella species detected in humans and domestic ruminants of pastoral areas in Kagera ecosystem, Tanzania. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:711-719. [PMID: 32567249 PMCID: PMC7738721 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of importance to both public health and the livestock industry. The disease is likely to be endemic in Tanzania and little is reported on molecular characterization of Brucella species in pastoral settings. This study aimed at characterizing Brucella species (targeting genus Brucella) infecting humans, cattle and goat in Kagera region (Ngara and Karagwe districts) using real-time PCR, PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes and Sanger sequencing. Brucella spp. were detected in 47 samples (19 sera and 28 milk) out of 125 samples (77 sera, 35 milk and 13 aborted materials) using real-time PCR. All aborted materials (13 samples) were negative to real-time PCR. Out of the 47 real-time PCR positive samples (28 milk and 19 sera), 20 samples (10 milk and 10 sera) showed an expected 16S rRNA gene PCR product. Sequence analysis and blasting confirmed the presence of Brucella spp. in pastoral areas of Kagera region. The Brucella spp. from Kagera were phylogenetically grouped in two clades and three branches all closer to B. melitensis, B. abortus and B. suis from USA, Sudan and Iran. However, they were distinct from other species isolated also in USA, New Zealand, Germany and Egypt. This was expected based on the distance between the geographical regions from which the data (nucleotides sequences from 16S gene sequencing) for the phylogeny reconstruction were obtained. This is the first study to report Brucella species identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in East and Central Africa. A livestock vaccination program re-inforced with a high index of Brucella diagnosis is needed to eradicate brucellosis in animals and minimize suffering from Brucella infections in humans in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bosco Ntirandekura
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.,Département de Santé et Productions Animales, Faculté d'Agronomie et de Bio-Ingénierie, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Victor A Makene
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Christopher J Kasanga
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Lucas E Matemba
- The National Institute for Medical Research, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Sharadhuli I Kimera
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - John B Muma
- Department of Disease Control, TheUniversity of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Esron D Karimuribo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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10
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Jiang H, O'Callaghan D, Ding JB. Brucellosis in China: history, progress and challenge. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9:55. [PMID: 32448394 PMCID: PMC7247241 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis. It causes acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans, and livestock infection has substantial socioeconomic impact. Over the past two decades, improvements have been made to better understand the various aspects of human and animal brucellosis. Meanwhile, especially in the developing world, immense challenges that remain in controlling and eradicating brucellosis are novel diagnostics tools and efficacious vaccines. Here, we will focus on the remarkable issues on epidemiological survey, as well as the priority and challenge of brucellosis in China. Brucellosis will be controlled with meaningful collaboration between local and public partnerships effectively applying a One Health framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - David O'Callaghan
- VBMI, Universite de Montpellier, INSERM, UFR Medecine, 186, Chemin du Carreau de Lanes, 30908, Nimes Cedex 2, France.,Centre National de Reference Brucella, CHU de Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - Jia-Bo Ding
- Department of Diagnostic Technology, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
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11
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Molecular characterization of Brucella ovis in Argentina. Vet Microbiol 2020; 245:108703. [PMID: 32456808 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis in rams is caused by Brucella ovis or Brucella melitensis and it is considered one of the most important infectious diseases of males in sheep-raising countries. Molecular characterization of Brucella spp. achieved by multi-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) is a powerful tool to genotype Brucella spp. However, data regarding B. ovis genotyping is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the molecular diversity of B. ovis field-strains in Argentina. A total of 115 isolates of B. ovis from Argentina and Uruguay were genotyped using MLVA-16 and analyzed altogether with 14 publicly available B. ovis genotypes from Brazil. The Discriminatory Power (D) was 0.996 for MLVA-16 and 0.0998 for MLVA-8 and MLVA-11. Analysis of MLVA-16 revealed 100 different genotypes, all of them novel, including 90 unique ones. There was no correlation between geographical distribution and genotype and results showed a higher diversity within provinces than between provinces. Clustering analysis of the strains from Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil revealed that the 129 isolates were grouped into two clades. Whole Genome Sequencing analysis of the 19 B. ovis genomes available in public databases, and including some of the Argentinian strains used in this study, revealed clustering of the Argentinian isolates and closer relationship with B. ovis from New Zealand and Australia. This work adds new data to the poorly understood distribution map of genotypes regionally and worldwide for B. ovis and it constitutes the largest study of B. ovis molecular genotyping until now.
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12
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Landolt P, Stephan R, Stevens MJA, Scherrer S. Three-reaction high-resolution melting assay for rapid differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex members. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e919. [PMID: 31448583 PMCID: PMC6925164 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of introducing a reliable assay for a quick identification and differentiation of the main species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) supports the improvement of efficient tuberculosis combating strategies worldwide. Commercially available assays are often based on cultured samples; however, due to the long cultivation time of mycobacteria, results are delayed. Developed PCR approaches have been published previously, though, when testing intricate veterinary samples, the complex composition of multiplex qPCRs frequently leads to assay failure. In order to overcome those limits, a paradigm of a three-reaction high-resolution melting (HRM) assay for the simultaneous identification and differentiation of the main members of MTBC was established. The assay is based on single nucleotide polymorphisms within gyrB and gyrA, which have been used as target for the establishment of two highly specific HRM assays (HRM assays 1 and 2) discriminating M. tuberculosis/ Mycobacterium canetti, Mycobacterium bovis/M. bovis BCG, Mycobacterium caprae/rare M. caprae/M. bovis ecotypes, Mycobacterium africanum/Mycobacterium orygis/ Mycobacterium pinnipedii/Clade A1, Mycobacterium microti, and a rare subtype of M. canettii followed by a third HRM assay (HRM assay 3) allowing a further differentiation of M. bovis, M. bovis BCG, and a rare subtype of M. caprae/M. bovis, which is considered to be a novel ecotype. High-resolution melting assay 1 is described in a previously published report. High-resolution melting assay 2 showed 100% correlation of all 39 examined isolates with the results of a commercial identification kit. 96% of the clinical samples tested demonstrated concordant results. High-resolution melting assay 3 showed an accordance of 100% with the results of the commercially available identification kit of all 22 samples analyzed. The proposed strategy of the three-reaction HRM assay can be used for an accurate differentiation of up to seven groups of MTBC and potentially to identify a rare subtype of M. canettii either on isolates or on clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Landolt
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marc J A Stevens
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Scherrer
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Guzmán-Verri C, Suárez-Esquivel M, Ruíz-Villalobos N, Zygmunt MS, Gonnet M, Campos E, Víquez-Ruiz E, Chacón-Díaz C, Aragón-Aranda B, Conde-Álvarez R, Moriyón I, Blasco JM, Muñoz PM, Baker KS, Thomson NR, Cloeckaert A, Moreno E. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of the Etiological Agent of Canine Orchiepididymitis Smooth Brucella sp. BCCN84.3. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:175. [PMID: 31231665 PMCID: PMC6568212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Brucella cluster in two phylogenetic groups: classical and non-classical species. The former group is composed of Brucella species that cause disease in mammals, including humans. A Brucella species, labeled as Brucella sp. BCCN84.3, was isolated from the testes of a Saint Bernard dog suffering orchiepididymitis, in Costa Rica. Following standard microbiological methods, the bacterium was first defined as “Brucella melitensis biovar 2.” Further molecular typing, identified the strain as an atypical “Brucella suis.” Distinctive Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 markers, absent in other Brucella species and strains, were revealed by fatty acid methyl ester analysis, high resolution melting PCR and omp25 and omp2a/omp2b gene diversity. Analysis of multiple loci variable number of tandem repeats and whole genome sequencing demonstrated that this isolate was different from the currently described Brucella species. The smooth Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 clusters together with the classical Brucella clade and displays all the genes required for virulence. Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 is a species nova taxonomical entity displaying pathogenicity; therefore, relevant for differential diagnoses in the context of brucellosis. Considering the debate on the Brucella species concept, there is a need to describe the extant taxonomical entities of these pathogens in order to understand the dispersion and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Guzmán-Verri
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marcela Suárez-Esquivel
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Nazareth Ruíz-Villalobos
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Michel S Zygmunt
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mathieu Gonnet
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elena Campos
- Centro Nacional de Referencia en Bacteriología, Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eunice Víquez-Ruiz
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Chacón-Díaz
- Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Beatriz Aragón-Aranda
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raquel Conde-Álvarez
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José María Blasco
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar M Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kate S Baker
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
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14
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Development of a new High Resolution Melting (HRM) assay for identification and differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex samples. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1850. [PMID: 30755639 PMCID: PMC6372708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid identification and differentiation of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is essential to assess the potential zoonotic risk. Different available molecular methods are time consuming since they depend on cultivation of mycobacteria. High Resolution Melting (HRM) is a low cost, rapid and easy to perform single-tube method not limited to cultured samples. In this study, a HRM assay specifically targeting gyrB was developed to simultaneously identify and differentiate Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis, M. microti and M. bovis/M. caprae. To evaluate the performance of this assay, 38 MTBC isolates and 25 directly extracted clinical specimens were analysed. HRM results of all 38 (100%) examined isolates correlated with the results obtained with the commercially available GenoType MTBC test (Hain Lifescience). From the 25 clinical specimens tested, species identification by HRM showed concordant results with the previously used identification methods in 23 samples (92%). The assay demonstrated a good analytical sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility and can be used directly on clinical specimens.
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15
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Molecular Diagnosis of Acute and Chronic Brucellosis in Humans. MICROORGANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8844-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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16
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Kurbakov KA, Konorov EA, Minaev MY, Kuznetsova OA. Multiplex Real-Time PCR with HRM for Detection of Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus curvatus in Food Samples. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:97-104. [PMID: 31316281 PMCID: PMC6600297 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.01.19.5983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimization of fermentation processes requires monitoring the species composition of starter cultures and their growth during fermentation. Most starter cultures contain closely related species. Nowadays, high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is extensively used for multiplex identification of closely related species. In the present paper, we applied real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with HRM analysis for the detection and differentiation of Lactobacillus sakei and L. curvatus. A primer pair was selected for the site of the rpoA gene of Lactobacillus spp. Eleven starter cultures and fifteen fermented sausages with a known bacterial composition were successfully tested using real-time PCR with HRM analysis with the developed primer pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Kurbakov
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina 26, 109316, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgenii A Konorov
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina 26, 109316, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Gubkina 3, 119333, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Malaya Pirogovskaya 20-1, 119435 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Y Minaev
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina 26, 109316, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Oksana A Kuznetsova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Talalikhina 26, 109316, Moscow, Russian Federation
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17
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Abstract
Brucellosis is a challenging zoonosis to diagnose and treat. The recent outbreaks of Brucella abortus RB51 in several states in the United States, including New Jersey and Texas, due to raw milk consumption has raised the concern of drug-resistant Brucella spp. This commentary highlights the importance of being on the lookout for this emerging infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroun M Sfeir
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Lama JK, Bachoon DS. Detection of Brucella suis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Escherichia coli Strains in Feral Pig (Sus scrofa) Communities of Georgia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:350-355. [PMID: 29698123 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are an environmentally destructive invasive species that act as a reservoir for zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Brucella suis, Campylobacter jejuni, and of Escherichia coli in feces of feral pigs from Georgia. Fecal samples were collected from 87 feral pigs from forested and agricultural regions of Georgia. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to screen for each of the four pathogens. The qPCR assays indicated that B. suis and eaeA-containing strains of E. coli was present in about 22% and 28% of the samples, respectively. C. jejuni was undetected in any of the feral pig fecal samples. The incidence of B. suis was higher in the pigs from forested region, whereas E. coli strains possessing eaeA gene incidence was higher in the pigs from agricultural regions. In Georgia, feral pigs harbor infectious agents and are a growing threat to the transmission of pathogens to native wildlife, humans, and food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti K Lama
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University , Milledgeville, Georgia
| | - Dave S Bachoon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University , Milledgeville, Georgia
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19
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Abstract
Brucellosis remains the most common bacterial zoonotic infection in many countries worldwide. Despite being long recognized and controllable, the disease still causes substantial morbidity, affecting especially the young population. The aim of this review is to provide insight to the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of childhood brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham E Bukhari
- Infectious Disease Section, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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20
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Suárez-Esquivel M, Ruiz-Villalobos N, Jiménez-Rojas C, Barquero-Calvo E, Chacón-Díaz C, Víquez-Ruiz E, Rojas-Campos N, Baker KS, Oviedo-Sánchez G, Amuy E, Chaves-Olarte E, Thomson NR, Moreno E, Guzmán-Verri C. Brucella neotomae Infection in Humans, Costa Rica. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:997-1000. [PMID: 28518028 PMCID: PMC5443450 DOI: 10.3201/eid2306.162018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of Brucella are known to be zoonotic, but B. neotomae infection has been thought to be limited to wood rats. In 2008 and 2011, however, B. neotomae was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of 2 men with neurobrucellosis. The nonzoonotic status of B. neotomae should be reassessed.
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21
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Mustafa AS, Habibi N, Osman A, Shaheed F, Khan MW. Species identification and molecular typing of human Brucella isolates from Kuwait. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182111. [PMID: 28800594 PMCID: PMC5553756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of major concern in Kuwait and the Middle East. Human brucellosis can be caused by several Brucella species with varying degree of pathogenesis, and relapses are common after apparently successful therapy. The classical biochemical methods for identification of Brucella are time-consuming, cumbersome, and provide information limited to the species level only. In contrast, molecular methods are rapid and provide differentiation at intra-species level. In this study, four molecular methods [16S rRNA gene sequencing, real-time PCR, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA)-8, MLVA-11 and MLVA-16 were evaluated for the identification and typing of 75 strains of Brucella isolated in Kuwait. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of all isolates showed 90-99% sequence identity with B. melitensis and real-time PCR with genus- and species- specific primers identified all isolates as B. melitensis. The results of ERIC-PCR suggested the existence of 75 ERIC genotypes of B. melitensis with a discriminatory index of 0.997. Cluster classification of these genotypes divided them into two clusters, A and B, diverging at ~25%. The maximum number of genotypes (n = 51) were found in cluster B5. MLVA-8 analysis identified all isolates as B. melitensis, and MLVA-8, MLVA-11 and MLVA-16 typing divided the isolates into 10, 32 and 71 MLVA types, respectively. Furthermore, the combined minimum spanning tree analysis demonstrated that, compared to MLVA types discovered all over the world, the Kuwaiti isolates were a distinct group of MLVA-11 and MLVA-16 types in the East Mediterranean Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu S. Mustafa
- OMICS Research Unit and Research Core Facility, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| | - Nazima Habibi
- OMICS Research Unit and Research Core Facility, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Amr Osman
- OMICS Research Unit and Research Core Facility, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Faraz Shaheed
- OMICS Research Unit and Research Core Facility, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Mohd W. Khan
- OMICS Research Unit and Research Core Facility, Heath Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
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22
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Highly Sensitive Bacteriophage-Based Detection of Brucella abortus in Mixed Culture and Spiked Blood. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060144. [PMID: 28604602 PMCID: PMC5490821 DOI: 10.3390/v9060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, bacteriophages (phages) have been used for Brucella species identification in the diagnosis and epidemiology of brucellosis. Traditional Brucella phage typing is a multi-day procedure including the isolation of a pure culture, a step that can take up to three weeks. In this study, we focused on the use of brucellaphages for sensitive detection of the pathogen in clinical and other complex samples, and developed an indirect method of Brucella detection using real-time quantitative PCR monitoring of brucellaphage DNA amplification via replication on live Brucella cells. This assay allowed the detection of single bacteria (down to 1 colony-forming unit per milliliter) within 72 h without DNA extraction and purification steps. The technique was equally efficient with Brucella abortus pure culture and with mixed cultures of B. abortus and α-proteobacterial near neighbors that can be misidentified as Brucella spp., Ochrobactrum anthropi and Afipia felis. The addition of a simple short sample preparation step enabled the indirect phage-based detection of B. abortus in spiked blood, with the same high sensitivity. This indirect phage-based detection assay enables the rapid and sensitive detection of live B. abortus in mixed cultures and in blood samples, and can potentially be applied for detection in other clinical samples and other complex sample types.
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23
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Kim JY, Kang SI, Lee JJ, Lee K, Sung SR, Erdenebaataar J, Vanaabaatar B, Jung SC, Park YH, Yoo HS, Her M. Differential diagnosis of Brucella abortus by real-time PCR based on a single-nucleotide polymorphisms. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:557-62. [PMID: 26666176 PMCID: PMC4873844 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To diagnose brucellosis effectively, many genus- and species-specific detection methods based on PCR have been developed. With conventional PCR assays, real-time PCR techniques have been developed as rapid diagnostic tools. Among them, real-time PCR using hybridization probe (hybprobe) has been recommended for bacteria with high DNA homology among species, with which it is possible to make an accurate diagnosis by means of an amplification curve and melting peak analysis. A hybprobe for B. abortus was designed from a specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the fbaA gene. This probe only showed specific amplification of B. abortus from approximately the 14th cycle, given a melting peak at 69°C. The sensitivity of real-time PCR was revealed to be 20 fg/µl by 10-fold DNA dilution, and the detection limit was 4 CFU in clinical samples. This real-time PCR showed greater sensitivity than that of conventional PCR and previous real-time PCR based on Taqman probe. Therefore, this new real-time PCR assay could be helpful for differentiating B. abortus infection with rapidity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyang-ro, Anyang-city, Gyeonggi-do, 430-757, Republic of Korea
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Piranfar V, Sharif M, Hashemi M, Vahdati AR, Mirnejad R. Detection and discrimination of two Brucella species by multiplex real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis curve from human blood and comparison of results using RFLP. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:909-14. [PMID: 26523223 PMCID: PMC4620191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapid and accurate detection of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis from clinical samples is so important because antibiotic treatment has major side effects. This study reveals a new method in detection of clinical samples of brucellosis using real-time PCR and high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 160 brucellosis suspicious samples with more than 1/80 serum antibody titers were collected and the results were compared with the RFLP method. In order to amplify the sequences for HRM analysis, vdcc, int-hyp and glk and for RFLP, omp2a and omp2b with PstI and Hinf1 restriction endonuclease were used. At last, the accuracy and specificity of the two methods were compared with each other. RESULTS Out of these 160 samples, multiplex real time PCR showed 108 positive samples (67.5%), including 56% B. melitensis and 44% B. abortus; whereas in PCR-RFLP 52 out of 160 samples were positive, where recognition of two species were accordant with HRM analysis, separation was based on the size of the amplified fragment. Using the designed primers and performing the assay, we confirmed this method to be much faster and have lower cost with more than 99% accuracy compared to methods such as RFLP. CONCLUSION The present study showed that this technique, which scans gene segments and creates an analysis pattern for detection of clinical samples, is useful and more dominant compared with PCR-RFLP. Thus, this method can be used for brucellosis detection, and clinical and epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahhab Piranfar
- Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Malike Sharif
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hashemi
- Department of Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Vahdati
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Reza Mirnejad. Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University Medical of Sciences Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-82482554; ;
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Naze F, Desvars A, Picardeau M, Bourhy P, Michault A. Use of a New High Resolution Melting Method for Genotyping Pathogenic Leptospira spp. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127430. [PMID: 26154161 PMCID: PMC4496072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis that is endemic in tropical areas, such as Reunion Island. The species Leptospira interrogans is the primary agent in human infections, but other pathogenic species, such as L. kirschner and L. borgpetersenii, are also associated with human leptospirosis. METHODS AND FINDINGS In this study, a melting curve analysis of the products that were amplified with the primer pairs lfb1 F/R and G1/G2 facilitated an accurate species classification of Leptospira reference strains. Next, we combined an unsupervised high resolution melting (HRM) method with a new statistical approach using primers to amplify a two variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) for typing at the subspecies level. The HRM analysis, which was performed with ScreenClust Software, enabled the identification of genotypes at the serovar level with high resolution power (Hunter-Gaston index 0.984). This method was also applied to Leptospira DNA from blood samples that were obtained from Reunion Island after 1998. We were able to identify a unique genotype that is identical to that of the L. interrogans serovars Copenhageni and Icterohaemorrhagiae, suggesting that this genotype is the major cause of leptospirosis on Reunion Island. CONCLUSIONS Our simple, rapid, and robust genotyping method enables the identification of Leptospira strains at the species and subspecies levels and supports the direct genotyping of Leptospira in biological samples without requiring cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Naze
- Department of Microbiology, CHU de La Reunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Amélie Desvars
- Department of Microbiology, CHU de La Reunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Mathieu Picardeau
- Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center for Leptospirosis, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Bourhy
- Unité de Biologie des Spirochètes, National Reference Center and WHO Collaborating Center for Leptospirosis, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alain Michault
- Department of Microbiology, CHU de La Reunion, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
- * E-mail:
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Development of a novel real-time PCR assay with high-resolution melt analysis to detect and differentiate OXA-48-Like β-lactamases in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5574-80. [PMID: 26124164 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00425-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid global spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) poses an urgent threat to public health. More than 250 class D β-lactamases (OXAs) have been described in recent years, with variations in hydrolytic activity for β-lactams. The plasmid-borne OXA-48 β-lactamase and its variants are identified only sporadically in the United States but are common in Europe. Recognition of these OXA-48-like carbapenemases is vital in order to control their dissemination. We developed a real-time PCR assay based on high-resolution melt analysis, using bla OXA-48-like-specific primers coupled with an unlabeled 3'-phosphorylated oligonucleotide probe (LunaProbe) homologous to OXA-48-like carbapenemase genes. The assay was validated using genomic DNA from 48 clinical isolates carrying a variety of carbapenemase genes, including bla KPC, bla SME, bla IMP, bla NDM-1, bla VIM, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-162, bla OXA-181, bla OXA-204, bla OXA-244, bla OXA-245, and bla OXA-232. Our assay identified the presence of bla OXA-48-like β-lactamase genes and clearly distinguished between bla OXA-48 and its variants in control strains, including between bla OXA-181 and bla OXA-232, which differ by only a single base pair in the assay target region. This approach has potential for use in epidemiological investigations and continuous surveillance to help control the spread of CRE strains producing OXA-48-like enzymes.
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Kang SI, Her M, Kim JY, Lee JJ, Lee K, Sung SR, Jung SC. Rapid and specific identification of Brucella abortus using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 40:1-6. [PMID: 25841288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and accurate diagnosis of brucellosis is required to reduce and prevent the spread of disease among animals and the risk of transfer to humans. In this study, a Brucella abortus-specific (Ba) LAMP assay was developed, that had six primers designed from the BruAb2_0168 region of chromosome I. The specificity of this LAMP assay was confirmed with Brucella reference strains, B. abortus vaccine strains, B. abortus isolates and phylogenetically or serologically related strains. The detection limit of target DNA was up to 20 fg/μl within 60 min. The sensitivity of the new LAMP assay was equal to or slightly higher than other PCR based assays. Moreover, this Ba-LAMP assay could specifically amplify all B. abortus biovars compared to previous PCR assays. To our knowledge, this is the first report of specific detection of B. abortus using a LAMP assay. The Ba-LAMP assay can offer a rapid, sensitive and accurate diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Il Kang
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| | - Moon Her
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| | - Jin Ju Lee
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| | - Kichan Lee
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| | - So-Ra Sung
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
| | - Suk Chan Jung
- The OIE Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, South Korea
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Mohamed Zahidi J, Bee Yong T, Hashim R, Mohd Noor A, Hamzah SH, Ahmad N. Identification of Brucella spp. isolated from human brucellosis in Malaysia using high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 81:227-33. [PMID: 25641125 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular approaches have been investigated to overcome difficulties in identification and differentiation of Brucella spp. using conventional phenotypic methods. In this study, high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis was used for rapid identification and differentiation of members of Brucella genus. A total of 41 Brucella spp. isolates from human brucellosis were subjected to HRM analysis using 4 sets of primers, which identified 40 isolates as Brucella melitensis and 1 as Brucella canis. The technique utilized low DNA concentration and was highly reproducible. The assay is shown to be a useful diagnostic tool, which can rapidly differentiate Brucella up to species level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tay Bee Yong
- Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaidah Hashim
- Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azura Mohd Noor
- Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hawa Hamzah
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, Hospital Pulau Pinang, Jalan Residensi, 10990 Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mercante JW, Winchell JM. Current and emerging Legionella diagnostics for laboratory and outbreak investigations. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:95-133. [PMID: 25567224 PMCID: PMC4284297 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00029-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionnaires' disease (LD) is an often severe and potentially fatal form of bacterial pneumonia caused by an extensive list of Legionella species. These ubiquitous freshwater and soil inhabitants cause human respiratory disease when amplified in man-made water or cooling systems and their aerosols expose a susceptible population. Treatment of sporadic cases and rapid control of LD outbreaks benefit from swift diagnosis in concert with discriminatory bacterial typing for immediate epidemiological responses. Traditional culture and serology were instrumental in describing disease incidence early in its history; currently, diagnosis of LD relies almost solely on the urinary antigen test, which captures only the dominant species and serogroup, Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (Lp1). This has created a diagnostic "blind spot" for LD caused by non-Lp1 strains. This review focuses on historic, current, and emerging technologies that hold promise for increasing LD diagnostic efficiency and detection rates as part of a coherent testing regimen. The importance of cooperation between epidemiologists and laboratorians for a rapid outbreak response is also illustrated in field investigations conducted by the CDC with state and local authorities. Finally, challenges facing health care professionals, building managers, and the public health community in combating LD are highlighted, and potential solutions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Mercante
- Pneumonia Response and Surveillance Laboratory, Respiratory Diseases Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonas M Winchell
- Pneumonia Response and Surveillance Laboratory, Respiratory Diseases Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Gopaul KK, Sells J, Lee R, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM, Foster JT, Whatmore AM. Development and assessment of multiplex high resolution melting assay as a tool for rapid single-tube identification of five Brucella species. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:903. [PMID: 25495428 PMCID: PMC4307374 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The zoonosis brucellosis causes economically significant reproductive problems in livestock and potentially debilitating disease of humans. Although the causative agent, organisms from the genus Brucella, can be differentiated into a number of species based on phenotypic characteristics, there are also significant differences in genotype that are concordant with individual species. This paper describes the development of a five target multiplex assay to identify five terrestrial Brucella species using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent high resolution melt curve analysis. This technology offers a robust and cost effective alternative to previously described hydrolysis-probe Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)-based species defining assays. RESULTS Through the use of Brucella whole genome sequencing five species defining SNPs were identified. Individual HRM assays were developed to these target these changes and, following optimisation of primer concentrations, it was possible to multiplex all five assays in a single tube. In a validation exercise using a panel of 135 Brucella strains of terrestrial and marine origin, it was possible to distinguish the five target species from the other species within this panel. CONCLUSION The HRM multiplex offers a number of diagnostic advantages over previously described SNP-based typing approaches. Further, and uniquely for HRM, the successful multiplexing of five assays in a single tube allowing differentiation of five Brucella species in the diagnostic laboratory in a cost-effective and timely manner is described. However there are possible limitations to using this platform on DNA extractions direct from clinical material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K Gopaul
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
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Kafil HS, Hosseini SB, Sohrabi M, Asgharzadeh M. Brucellosis: presence of zoonosis infection 3 500 years ago in North of Iran. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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A new Brucella canis species-specific PCR assay for the diagnosis of canine brucellosis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 37:237-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Bai L, Zhao Y, Liu C, Ma A, Yu H. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays for the diagnosis of human brucellosis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2014; 13:31. [PMID: 25082566 PMCID: PMC4236518 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-014-0031-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique for the nucleic acid amplification, which is commonly used to diagnose infectious diseases. The use of PCR for pathogens detection, genotyping and quantification has some advantages, such as high sensitivity, high specificity, reproducibility and technical ease. Brucellosis is a common zoonosis caused by Brucella spp., which still remains as a major health problem in many developing countries around the world. The direct culture and immunohistochemistry can be used for detecting infection with Brucella spp. However, PCR has the potential to address limitations of these methods. PCR are now one of the most useful assays for the diagnosis in human brucellosis. The aim of this review was to summarize the main PCR techniques and their applications for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with brucellosis. Moreover, advantages or limitation of the different PCR methods as well as the evaluation of PCR results for treatment and follow-up of human brucellosis were also discussed.
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Rubach MP, Halliday JEB, Cleaveland S, Crump JA. Brucellosis in low-income and middle-income countries. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2014; 26:404-12. [PMID: 23963260 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e3283638104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human brucellosis is a neglected, underrecognized infection of widespread geographic distribution. It causes acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans, and livestock infection has substantial socioeconomic impact. This review describes new information regarding the epidemiology of brucellosis in the developing world and advances in diagnosis and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS The highest recorded incidence of human brucellosis occurs in the Middle East and Central Asia. Fever etiology studies demonstrate brucellosis as a cause of undifferentiated febrile illness in the developing world. Brucellosis is a rare cause of fever among returning travelers, but is more common among travelers returning from the Middle East and North Africa. Sensitive and specific rapid diagnostic tests appropriate for resource-limited settings have been validated. Randomized controlled trials demonstrate that optimal treatment for human brucellosis consists of doxycycline and an aminoglycoside. Decreasing the burden of human brucellosis requires control of animal brucellosis, but evidence to inform the design of control programs in the developing world is needed. SUMMARY Brucellosis causes substantial morbidity in human and animal populations. While improvements in diagnostic options for resource-limited settings and stronger evidence for optimal therapy should enhance identification and treatment of human brucellosis, prevention of human disease through control in animals remains paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Rubach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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35
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Munckhof WJ, Jennison AV, Bates JR, Gassiep I. First report of probable neurobrucellosis in Australia. Med J Aust 2013; 199:423-5. [DOI: 10.5694/mja12.11561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Munckhof
- Infection Management Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Amy V Jennison
- Public Health Microbiology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, QLD
| | - John R Bates
- Public Health Microbiology, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services, Brisbane, QLD
| | - Ian Gassiep
- Infection Management Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD
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Single-step intercalating dye strategies for DNA damage studies. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 94:144-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Raman spectroscopy as a potential tool for detection of Brucella spp. in milk. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:5575-83. [PMID: 22660699 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00637-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of Brucella, causing brucellosis, is very challenging, since the applied techniques are mostly time-demanding and not standardized. While the common detection system relies on the cultivation of the bacteria, further classical typing up to the biotype level is mostly based on phenotypic or genotypic characteristics. The results of genotyping do not always fit the existing taxonomy, and misidentifications between genetically closely related genera cannot be avoided. This situation gets even worse, when detection from complex matrices, such as milk, is necessary. For these reasons, the availability of a method that allows early and reliable identification of possible Brucella isolates for both clinical and epidemiological reasons would be extremely useful. We evaluated micro-Raman spectroscopy in combination with chemometric analysis to identify Brucella from agar plates and directly from milk: prior to these studies, the samples were inactivated via formaldehyde treatment to ensure a higher working safety. The single-cell Raman spectra of different Brucella, Escherichia, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, and Yersinia spp. were measured to create two independent databases for detection in media and milk. Identification accuracies of 92% for Brucella from medium and 94% for Brucella from milk were obtained while analyzing the single-cell Raman spectra via support vector machine. Even the identification of the other genera yielded sufficient results, with accuracies of >90%. In summary, micro-Raman spectroscopy is a promising alternative for detecting Brucella. The measurements we performed at the single-cell level thus allow fast identification within a few hours without a demanding process for sample preparation.
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Jin D, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Fang W, Ye J, Wu F, Ding G. Rapid molecular identification of Listeria species by use of real-time PCR and high-resolution melting analysis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2012; 330:72-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou; China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou; China
| | - Weijia Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; China
| | - Julian Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou; China
| | - Fang Wu
- Haining Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Haining; China
| | - Gangqiang Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Hangzhou; China
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Universal PCR coupled with high-resolution melting analysis for rapid detection and identification of microorganism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/mrm.0b013e32834f9e62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Nucleotide polymorphism-based single-tube test for robust molecular identification of all currently described Brucella species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6674-9. [PMID: 21803907 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00767-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the numerous molecular methods described during the last 20 years to identify Brucella, multiplexed amplification methods offer the cheapest and simplest technical solution for molecular identification. However, one disadvantage of such methods is their need to undergo technical revalidation each time a new marker is added to the system. Moreover, polymorphic markers cannot be assessed at the single-nucleotide level in these assays. Since new Brucella species are continuously being described, open methodologies able to accommodate new markers while preserving all other system parameters have an obvious advantage. We present a ligase chain reaction (LCR)-based method that simultaneously assesses multiple genetic markers at the single-nucleotide level. Most of the selected markers originate from a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database that has been extensively validated on hundreds of different Brucella strains. When assayed on both reference and field strains, the method yields characteristic capillary electrophoresis profiles for each of the 10 Brucella species described to date and displays discriminatory potential below the species level for some. Since the LCR methodology is insensitive to interference resulting from the use of multiple oligonucleotides in a single mixture, the way is open for smooth future updates of the proposed system. Such updates are inevitable, given the pending description of new Brucella species.
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