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Zhao H, Zhang L, Du D, Mai L, Liu Y, Morigen M, Fan L. The RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway triggered by Staphylococcus aureus promotes breast cancer metastasis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113195. [PMID: 39303544 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Host microbes are increasingly recognized as key components in various types of cancer, although their exact impact remains unclear. This study investigated the functional significance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression. We found that S. aureus invasion resulted in a compromised DNA damage response process, as evidenced by the absence of G1-phase arrest and apoptosis in breast cells in the background of double strand breaks production and the activation of the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-p53 signaling pathway. The high-throughput mRNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis and pharmacological studies revealed that S. aureus facilitates breast cell metastasis through the innate immune pathway, particularly in cancer cells. During metastasis, S. aureus initially induced the expression of RIG-I-like receptors (RIG-I in normal breast cells, RIG-I and MDA5 in breast cancer cells), which in turn activated NF-κB p65 expression. We further showed that NF-κB p65 activated the CCL5-CCR5 pathway, contributing to breast cell metastasis. Our study provides novel evidence that the innate immune system, triggered by bacterial infection, plays a role in bacterial-driven cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haile Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Linzhe Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Dongdong Du
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Lisu Mai
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Morigen Morigen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Lifei Fan
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Molecular Regulation of the Cell, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
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2
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Nagarajan A, Scoggin K, Adams LG, Threadgill D, Andrews-Polymenis H. Identification of a genetic region linked to tolerance to MRSA infection using Collaborative Cross mice. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011378. [PMID: 39178306 PMCID: PMC11407622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonizes humans asymptomatically but can also cause opportunistic infections, ranging from mild skin infections to severe life-threatening conditions. Resistance and tolerance are two ways a host can survive an infection. Resistance is limiting the pathogen burden, while tolerance is limiting the health impact of a given pathogen burden. In previous work, we established that collaborative cross (CC) mouse line CC061 is highly susceptible to Methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection (MRSA, USA300), while CC024 is tolerant. To identify host genes involved in tolerance after S. aureus infection, we crossed CC061 mice and CC024 mice to generate F1 and F2 populations. Survival after MRSA infection in the F1 and F2 generations was 65% and 55% and followed a complex dominant inheritance pattern for the CC024 increased survival phenotype. Colonization in F2 animals was more extreme than in their parents, suggesting successful segregation of genetic factors. We identified a Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) peak on chromosome 7 for survival and weight change after infection. In this QTL, the WSB/EiJ (WSB) allele was present in CC024 mice and contributed to their MRSA tolerant phenotype. Two genes, C5ar1 and C5ar2, have high-impact variants in this region. C5ar1 and C5ar2 are receptors for the complement factor C5a, an anaphylatoxin that can trigger a massive immune response by binding to these receptors. We hypothesize that C5a may have altered binding to variant receptors in CC024 mice, reducing damage caused by the cytokine storm and resulting in the ability to tolerate a higher pathogen burden and longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravindh Nagarajan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kristin Scoggin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - L Garry Adams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Threadgill
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helene Andrews-Polymenis
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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3
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da Silva JG, Boechat JPC, Silva BDJ, Müller R, Senna JPM. Monitoring Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization murine model using a bioluminescent methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Lab Anim 2024; 58:231-239. [PMID: 38460550 PMCID: PMC11264562 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231209790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is considered a risk factor for infections, and the development of nasal decolonization strategies is highly relevant. Despite they are not naturally colonized by Staphylococcus, mice are a good model for S. aureus nasal colonization. Murine models are easy to manipulate, and inter-laboratory reproducibility makes them suitable for nasal colonization studies. Strategies using bioluminescent bacteria allow for the monitoring of infection over time without the need to sacrifice animals for bacterial quantification. In this study, we evaluated S. aureus nasal colonization in three mouse strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6, and Swiss Webster) using a bioluminescent strain (SAP231). In vitro, a visible Bioluminescent Signal Emission (BLSE) was observed until 106 bacteria and detected by IVIS® imaging system up to 104 cells. Animals were inoculated with one or two doses of approximately 109 colony-forming units (CFU) of SAP231. Swiss Webster mice showed the longest colonization time, with some animals presenting BLSE for up to 140 h. In addition, BLSE was higher in this strain. BALB/c and C57BL/6 strains showed consistent BLSE results for 48 h. BLSE intensity was higher in Swiss Webster inoculated with both doses. Three different positions for image capture were evaluated, with better results for the lateral and ventrodorsal positions. After the loss of BLSE, bacterial quantification was performed, and Swiss Webster mice presented more bacteria in the nasal cavity (approximately 105 CFU) than the other strains. Our results demonstrate that bioluminescent S. aureus allow monitoring of nasal colonization and estimation of the bacterial burden present in live animals until 48 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G da Silva
- FIOCRUZ, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana PC Boechat
- FIOCRUZ, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno DJ Silva
- FIOCRUZ, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Müller
- FIOCRUZ, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José PM Senna
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia emImunobiológicos-BioManguinhos Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nagarajan A, Scoggin K, Gupta J, Aminian M, Adams LG, Kirby M, Threadgill D, Andrews-Polymenis H. Collaborative Cross mice have diverse phenotypic responses to infection with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011229. [PMID: 38696518 PMCID: PMC11108197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen causing diseases ranging from mild skin infections to life threatening conditions, including endocarditis, pneumonia, and sepsis. To identify host genes modulating this host-pathogen interaction, we infected 25 Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and monitored disease progression for seven days using a surgically implanted telemetry system. CC strains varied widely in their response to intravenous MRSA infection. We identified eight 'susceptible' CC strains with high bacterial load, tissue damage, and reduced survival. Among the surviving strains, six with minimal colonization were classified as 'resistant', while the remaining six tolerated higher organ colonization ('tolerant'). The kidney was the most heavily colonized organ, but liver, spleen and lung colonization were better correlated with reduced survival. Resistant strains had higher pre-infection circulating neutrophils and lower post-infection tissue damage compared to susceptible and tolerant strains. We identified four CC strains with sexual dimorphism: all females survived the study period while all males met our euthanasia criteria earlier. In these CC strains, males had more baseline circulating monocytes and red blood cells. We identified several CC strains that may be useful as new models for endocarditis, myocarditis, pneumonia, and resistance to MRSA infection. Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) analysis identified two significant loci, on Chromosomes 18 and 3, involved in early susceptibility and late survival after infection. We prioritized Npc1 and Ifi44l genes as the strongest candidates influencing survival using variant analysis and mRNA expression data from kidneys within these intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravindh Nagarajan
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kristin Scoggin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jyotsana Gupta
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Manuchehr Aminian
- Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - L. Garry Adams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Kirby
- Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - David Threadgill
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics and Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helene Andrews-Polymenis
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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André C, Van Camp AG, Ung L, Gilmore MS, Bispo PJM. Characterization of the resistome and predominant genetic lineages of Gram-positive bacteria causing keratitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0124723. [PMID: 38289077 PMCID: PMC10916405 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01247-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis is a vision-threatening infection mainly caused by Gram-positive bacteria (GPB). Antimicrobial therapy is commonly empirical using broad-spectrum agents with efficacy increasingly compromised by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We used a combination of phenotypic tests and genome sequencing to identify the predominant lineages of GPB causing keratitis and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 161 isolates, including Staphylococcus aureus (n = 86), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; n = 34), Streptococcus spp. (n = 34), and Enterococcus faecalis (n = 7), were included. The population of S. aureus isolates consisted mainly of clonal complex 5 (CC5) (30.2%). Similarly, the population of Staphylococcus epidermidis was homogenous with most of them belonging to CC2 (78.3%). Conversely, the genetic population of Streptococcus pneumoniae was highly diverse. Resistance to first-line antibiotics was common among staphylococci, especially among CC5 S. aureus. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was commonly resistant to fluoroquinolones and azithromycin (78.6%) and tobramycin (57%). One-third of the CoNS were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 53% to azithromycin. Macrolide resistance was commonly caused by erm genes in S. aureus, mphC and msrA in CoNS, and mefA and msr(D) in streptococci. Aminoglycoside resistance in staphylococci was mainly associated with genes commonly found in mobile genetic elements and that encode for nucleotidyltransferases like ant(4')-Ib and ant(9)-Ia. Fluroquinolone-resistant staphylococci carried from 1 to 4 quinolone resistance-determining region mutations, mainly in the gyrA and parC genes. We found that GPB causing keratitis are associated with strains commonly resistant to first-line topical therapies, especially staphylococcal isolates that are frequently multidrug-resistant and associated with major hospital-adapted epidemic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille André
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew G. Van Camp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawson Ung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S. Gilmore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paulo J. M. Bispo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Nazli A, Tao W, You H, He X, He Y. Treatment of MRSA Infection: Where are We? Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:4425-4460. [PMID: 38310393 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673249381231130111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of septicemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, and hospital-acquired infections. In particular, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and continues to be a major public health problem. The emergence of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains along with the wide consumption of antibiotics has made anti-MRSA treatment a huge challenge. Novel treatment strategies (e.g., novel antimicrobials and new administrations) against MRSA are urgently needed. In the past decade, pharmaceutical companies have invested more in the research and development (R&D) of new antimicrobials and strategies, spurred by favorable policies. All research articles were collected from authentic online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, by using different combinations of keywords, including 'anti-MRSA', 'antibiotic', 'antimicrobial', 'clinical trial', 'clinical phase', clinical studies', and 'pipeline'. The information extracted from articles was compared to information provided on the drug manufacturer's website and Clinical Trials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) to confirm the latest development phase of anti-MRSA agents. The present review focuses on the current development status of new anti-MRSA strategies concerning chemistry, pharmacological target(s), indications, route of administration, efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, and aims to discuss the challenges and opportunities in developing drugs for anti-MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Nazli
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wenlan Tao
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Hengyao You
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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Pan Y, Chen L, Zhang L, Li G, Zeng J, Hu J, Liu W, Li Y, Zeng Z. One health genomic insights into the host-specific evolution and cross-host transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in animal farm environments, food of animal origin, and humans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106932. [PMID: 37495058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that is considered a high priority for research. However, comparative studies of S. aureus strains from different environments and hosts are still lacking. METHODS Here, we performed a high-resolution bioinformatics analysis of 576 S. aureus genomes isolated from livestock, farm environments, farm workers, animal-origin food, and humans. RESULTS The S. aureus isolates showed high diversity in genetic lineages and demonstrated host specialization and multi-host range in the population phylogeny. Recent transmission events, historical divergences, and frequent host switching in specific sequence types (STs) and through the food chain and animal farm mediums were observed. Frequent gene transfer may quickly give rise to new fitness to colonize their host or switch to other hosts, even in isolates with the closest vertical evolutionary history. The large multi-host-shared antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) pool was the major factor shaping antibiotic resistance in S. aureus isolates. We revealed the genetic backgrounds of mec, cfr, and optrA, which could be spread among isolates from different species, hosts, and environments. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings provide One Health genomic insights into the evolution, transmission, gene content characteristics, and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. aureus from different hosts, suggesting that, despite well-formed host specificity during the evolution of S. aureus, the ever-expanding host range and the cross-hosts/niches transmission (at both the strain and genetic level) may be facilitated by diverse bacterial vehicles (e.g., food chain, farm environments, and workers), which will lead to emerging antibiotic resistance consequences and threaten public health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxuan Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiong Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Hu J, Chen L, Li G, Pan Y, Lu Y, Chen J, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Prevalence and genetic characteristics of fosB-positive Staphylococcus aureus in duck farms in Guangdong, China in 2020. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:802-809. [PMID: 36691844 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the epidemiology of fosB-positive Staphylococcus aureus in waterfowl farms in the Pearl River tributaries in Guangdong Province, China in 2020. METHODS A total of 63 S. aureus were recovered from 315 samples collected from six duck farms and one goose farm. PFGE, WGS and analysis were performed on 19 fosB-positive S. aureus. RESULTS The fosfomycin resistance rate of the strains was as high as 52.4% (33/63), and 30.1% (19/63) of the strains carried fosB. Resistance gene prediction results showed that duck farm environment-derived strains contained the oxazolidinone drug resistance gene optrA. All fosB-positive S. aureus were MRSA and most of them were MDR, mainly ST9-t899 and ST164-t899. PFGE showed that fosB-positive S. aureus from humans and ducks could be clustered into the same clade. In addition, core-genome SNP analysis showed that clonal transmission of S. aureus occurred between humans and water. Pan-genome analysis showed that S. aureus had an open pangenome. The fosB gene was located on 2610-2615 bp plasmids, which all contained a broad host-range plasmid replication protein family 13. Small plasmids carrying the fosB gene could be found in different multilocus STs of S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that duck farms in Guangdong, China could be an important reservoir of fosB-positive S. aureus. The spread of drug-resistant bacteria in waterfowl farms requires further monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yixing Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jin Chen
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenguang Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenling Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistant of Microorganisms in Animals, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Howden BP, Giulieri SG, Wong Fok Lung T, Baines SL, Sharkey LK, Lee JYH, Hachani A, Monk IR, Stinear TP. Staphylococcus aureus host interactions and adaptation. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:380-395. [PMID: 36707725 PMCID: PMC9882747 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections are common, causing high mortality, compounded by the propensity of the bacterium to develop drug resistance. S. aureus is an excellent case study of the potential for a bacterium to be commensal, colonizing, latent or disease-causing; these states defined by the interplay between S. aureus and host. This interplay is multidimensional and evolving, exemplified by the spread of S. aureus between humans and other animal reservoirs and the lack of success in vaccine development. In this Review, we examine recent advances in understanding the S. aureus-host interactions that lead to infections. We revisit the primary role of neutrophils in controlling infection, summarizing the discovery of new immune evasion molecules and the discovery of new functions ascribed to well-known virulence factors. We explore the intriguing intersection of bacterial and host metabolism, where crosstalk in both directions can influence immune responses and infection outcomes. This Review also assesses the surprising genomic plasticity of S. aureus, its dualism as a multi-mammalian species commensal and opportunistic pathogen and our developing understanding of the roles of other bacteria in shaping S. aureus colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Howden
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.410678.c0000 0000 9374 3516Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria Australia ,grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Microbiology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Stefano G. Giulieri
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.416153.40000 0004 0624 1200Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Tania Wong Fok Lung
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Paediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Sarah L. Baines
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Liam K. Sharkey
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Jean Y. H. Lee
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.419789.a0000 0000 9295 3933Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Ian R. Monk
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Timothy P. Stinear
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Pathogen Genomics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
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10
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Yildirim F, Sudagidan M, Aydin A, Akyazi I, Bayrakal GM, Yavuz O, Gurel A. In Vivo Pathogenicity of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Strains Carrying Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:2126. [PMID: 36556491 PMCID: PMC9780921 DOI: 10.3390/life12122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains posing a potential risk for public health have long been a topic of scientific research. Effects of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) on tissue destruction mechanisms and activities of inflammatory cells were presented in animal models of pneumonia and skin infections induced by PVL-producing S. aureus strains. This study aimed to demonstrate the in vivo pathogenicity of PVL-producing S. aureus strains isolated from some foodstuffs, which can be a potential risk to public health. PVL-positive methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains M1 and YF1B-b isolated from different foodstuffs and a PVL-positive MSSA strain HT480 (positive control) were administered to New Zealand rabbits. Blood samples were harvested three and six hours after the intratracheal inoculation. Lung tissue samples were collected for gross and microscopic exams and immunohistochemical (IHC) demonstration of IL-6, IL8, IL-10, and TNF-α expressions. Serum cytokine levels were also measured by ELISA. The strains isolated from lung tissue samples were confirmed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The development of acute necrotising pneumonia and a significant elevation in IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α expressions demonstrated the significance of foodborne PVL-positive MSSA strains in public health for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Mert Sudagidan
- Scientific and Technology Application and Research Center, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15030, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Akyazi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Gulay Merve Bayrakal
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
| | - Orhan Yavuz
- Scientific and Technology Application and Research Center, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 15030, Turkey
| | - Aydin Gurel
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34500, Turkey
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11
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Laceb ZM, Diene SM, Lalaoui R, Kihal M, Chergui FH, Rolain JM, Hadjadj L. Genetic Diversity and Virulence Profile of Methicillin and Inducible Clindamycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Western Algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070971. [PMID: 35884225 PMCID: PMC9312111 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcusaureus causes a wide range of life-threatening infections. In this study, we determined its prevalence in the hospital environment and investigated nasal carriage among healthcare workers and patients admitted to a hospital in western Algeria. A total of 550 specimens were collected. An antibiogram was performed and the genes encoding resistance to methicillin, inducible clindamycin and toxins were sought among the 92 S. aureus isolates. The spread of clones with a methicillin- and/or clindamycin-resistance phenotype between these ecosystems was studied using genomic analysis. A prevalence of 27%, 30% and 13% of S. aureus (including 2.7%, 5% and 1.25% of MRSA) in patients, healthcare workers and the hospital environment were observed, respectively. The presence of the mecA, erm, pvl and tsst-1 genes was detected in 10.9%, 17.4%, 7.6% and 18.5% of samples, respectively. Sequencing allowed us to identify seven sequence types, including three MRSA-IV-ST6, two MRSA-IV-ST80-PVL+, two MRSA-IV-ST22-TSST-1, two MRSA-V-ST5, and one MRSA-IV-ST398, as well as many virulence genes. Here, we reported that both the hospital environment and nasal carriage may be reservoirs contributing to the spread of the same pathogenic clone persisting over time. The circulation of different pathogenic clones of MRSA, MSSA, and iMLSB, as well as the emergence of at-risk ST398 clones should be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoua Mentfakh Laceb
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Environnement et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Blida 01, BP270 Route Soumaa, Blida 09000, Algeria; (Z.M.L.); (F.H.C.)
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Seydina M. Diene
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Mabrouk Kihal
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée, Université Ahmed Ben Bella Oran1, BP1524 El M’naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria;
| | - Fella Hamaidi Chergui
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies, Environnement et Santé, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Blida 01, BP270 Route Soumaa, Blida 09000, Algeria; (Z.M.L.); (F.H.C.)
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, Aix Marseille University, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, CEDEX 05, 13385 Marseille, France; (S.M.D.); (R.L.); (J.-M.R.)
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-8613-6930
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12
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Risk Factors of Recurrent Infection in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: a Competing Risk Analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0012622. [PMID: 35762799 PMCID: PMC9295554 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00126-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several clinical variables have been reported as risk factors for recurrence of Staphylococcus aureus infection, most studies have not considered competing risk events that may overestimate the risk. In this study, we performed competing risk analysis to identify risk factors related to 90-day recurrence in patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) using a large cohort data from a single tertiary hospital in South Korea. All adults who experienced SAB during admission were prospectively enrolled from August 2008 to December 2019. After the day of the first positive blood culture, recurrence and all-cause mortality were assessed for 90 days. Recurrence was defined as a development of symptoms or signs of infection with or without repeated bacteremia after >7 days of negative blood culture and clinically apparent improvement. Subdistribution hazard ratios (sHR) for recurrence and all-cause mortality were estimated using Fine and Gray models. Of 1,725 SAB patients, including 885 cases (51.3%) of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteremia, 85 (5.0%) experienced recurrence during the study period. In a multivariate Fine and Gray regression model, the presence of a vascular graft (subdistribution HR [sHR], 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.90-6.40), nasal MRSA carriage (sHR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.28-3.44), methicillin resistance (sHR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.00-2.84), and rifampicin resistance (sHR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.12-4.33) were significantly associated with 90-day recurrence. In a large cohort of SAB patients with a high prevalence of MRSA, indwelling vascular graft, nasal MRSA carriage, methicillin resistance, and rifampicin resistance were potential risk factors for recurrence of S. aureus infection.
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Bashier El L, Ali Hamid A, Abuzar Al A, Abdalgader I, Aldoum Ibr M, Abdelghani S, Osman Gasi A. Nasal Carriage of MRSA in Healthcare Workers: A Pivotal Role in Controlling Hospital-Acquired Infections. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.428.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Al-Bakri AG, Bulatova NR, Younes NA, Othman G, Jaber D, Schleimer N, Kriegeskorte A, Becker K. Characterization of staphylococci sampled from diabetic foot ulcer of Jordanian patients. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2552-2566. [PMID: 33813786 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize staphylococcal isolates from diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) in Jordanian patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Selected aerobic pathogens recovered from DFU specimens and patients' nares with a focus on staphylococci were investigated. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and the prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) were determined. SCCmec types and toxigenic characteristics were analysed and spa typing was performed for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. The relationship between toxigenic characteristics of MRSA and the Wagner ulcer grading system was statistically analysed. A total number of 87 DFU patients were recruited for the study. The DFU cultures were polymicrobial. Members of the genus Staphylococcus were the most common among DFU-associated isolates found in 48·3% (n = 42) of all patients enrolled. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) comprised 63·3% of staphylococci isolated from DFUs predominated by Staphylococcus epidermidis in both DFU (7·6%) and nares (39·2%). Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from DFUs and nares in 14·2 and 9·8%, respectively, while 93 and 70% of these isolates were MRSA. Most of MRSA carried SCCmec type IV (76·2%) while SCCmec elements were non-typeable in most methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) (61·9%). The most frequent MRSA spa type was t386 (23·8%). Most MRSA and MR-CoNS exhibited resistance towards aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and macrolides and susceptibility towards vancomycin, mupirocin and linezolid. No association was found between the possession of pvl, tst, sea and hlg toxins and Wagner ulcer grading system (P value >0·05). CONCLUSIONS This analysis of Jordanian DFU culture demonstrated its polymicrobial nature with predominance of Staphylococcus sp. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is the first of its type to assess the microbiology of DFU among Jordanian patients. The results will help in the appropriate application of antimicrobial chemotherapy in the management of DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Al-Bakri
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - N R Bulatova
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - N A Younes
- General Surgery Department, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - G Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - D Jaber
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - N Schleimer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A Kriegeskorte
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - K Becker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Friedrich Loeffler-Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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15
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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an overview of basic and clinical research. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 17:203-218. [PMID: 30737488 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 954] [Impact Index Per Article: 238.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most successful modern pathogens. The same organism that lives as a commensal and is transmitted in both health-care and community settings is also a leading cause of bacteraemia, endocarditis, skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections and hospital-acquired infections. Genetically diverse, the epidemiology of MRSA is primarily characterized by the serial emergence of epidemic strains. Although its incidence has recently declined in some regions, MRSA still poses a formidable clinical threat, with persistently high morbidity and mortality. Successful treatment remains challenging and requires the evaluation of both novel antimicrobials and adjunctive aspects of care, such as infectious disease consultation, echocardiography and source control. In this Review, we provide an overview of basic and clinical MRSA research and summarize the expansive body of literature on the epidemiology, transmission, genetic diversity, evolution, surveillance and treatment of MRSA.
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16
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Investigation of a Candida guilliermondii Pseudo-outbreak Reveals a Novel Source of Laboratory Contamination. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:1080-1089. [PMID: 28100597 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02336-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida guilliermondii was isolated from sterile specimens with increasing frequency over a several-month period despite a paucity of clinical evidence suggesting true Candida infections. However, a health care-associated outbreak was strongly considered due to growth patterns in the microbiology laboratory that were more consistent with true infection than environmental contamination. Therefore, an extensive investigation was performed to identify its cause. With the exception of one case, patient clinical courses were not consistent with true invasive fungal infections. Furthermore, no epidemiologic link between patients was identified. Rather, extensive environmental sampling revealed C. guilliermondii in an anaerobic holding jar in the clinical microbiology laboratory, where anaerobic plates were prereduced and held before inoculating specimens. C. guilliermondii grows poorly under anaerobic conditions. Thus, we postulate that anaerobic plates became intermittently contaminated. Passaging from intermittently contaminated anaerobic plates to primary quadrants of aerobic media during specimen planting yielded a colonial growth pattern typical for true specimen infection, thus obscuring laboratory contamination. A molecular evaluation of the C. guilliermondii isolates confirmed a common source for pseudo-outbreak cases but not for the one true infection. In line with Reason's model of organizational accidents, active and latent errors coincided to contribute to the pseudo-outbreak. These included organism factors (lack of growth in anaerobic conditions obscuring plate contamination), human factors (lack of strict adherence to plating order, leading to only intermittent observation of aerobic plate positivity), and laboratory factors (novel equipment). All of these variables should be considered when evaluating possible laboratory-based pseudo-outbreaks.
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17
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In Vitro Activity of Retapamulin and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in a Longitudinal Collection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:1298-303. [PMID: 26666950 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01568-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mupirocin is a topical antimicrobial used to decolonize patients who carry methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and the topical agent retapamulin may be a potential alternative therapy. The goal of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of retapamulin as well as a panel of 15 antimicrobial agents, including mupirocin, for 403 MRSA isolates collected longitudinally from a naive population at the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System. The MICs for retapamulin had a unimodal distribution, ranging from 0.008 to 0.5 μg/ml. One isolate had an MIC of >16 μg/ml, was also resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin, and was recovered from the nares of a patient undergoing hemodialysis. Twenty-four isolates (6%) and 11 isolates (3%) demonstrated low-level resistance (MICs of 8 to 64 μg/ml) and high-level resistance (MICs of ≥ 512 μg/ml), respectively, to mupirocin. Isolates were recovered from 10 patients both before and after mupirocin therapy. Of those, isolates from 2 patients demonstrated MIC changes postmupirocin therapy; in both cases, however, strain typing demonstrated that the pre- and postmupirocin strains were different. A total of 386 isolates (96%) had vancomycin MICs of ≤ 1.0 μg/ml; 340 isolates (84%) were resistant to levofloxacin, 18 isolates (4.5%) were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 135 isolates (33%) had elevated MICs of 4 μg/ml for linezolid. The baseline levels of resistance were low for mupirocin (9%) and even lower for retapamulin (0.25%) Although the use of mupirocin is currently the standard therapy for decolonization practices, the activity of retapamulin warrants its consideration as an alternative therapy in MRSA decolonization regimens.
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Rodriguez M, Hogan PG, Satola SW, Crispell E, Wylie T, Gao H, Sodergren E, Weinstock GM, Burnham CAD, Fritz SA. Discriminatory Indices of Typing Methods for Epidemiologic Analysis of Contemporary Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1534. [PMID: 26376402 PMCID: PMC4635816 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, a number of typing methods have been evaluated for Staphylococcus aureus strain characterization. The emergence of contemporary strains of community-associated S. aureus, and the ensuing epidemic with a predominant strain type (USA300), necessitates re-evaluation of the discriminatory power of these typing methods for discerning molecular epidemiology and transmission dynamics, essential to investigations of hospital and community outbreaks. We compared the discriminatory index of 5 typing methods for contemporary S. aureus strain characterization. Children presenting to St. Louis Children's Hospital and community pediatric practices in St. Louis, Missouri (MO), with community-associated S. aureus infections were enrolled. Repetitive sequence-based PCR (repPCR), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcal protein A (spa), and staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec typing were performed on 200 S. aureus isolates. The discriminatory index of each method was calculated using the standard formula for this metric, where a value of 1 is highly discriminatory and a value of 0 is not discriminatory. Overall, we identified 26 distinct strain types by repPCR, 17 strain types by PFGE, 30 strain types by MLST, 68 strain types by spa typing, and 5 strain types by SCCmec typing. RepPCR had the highest discriminatory index (D) of all methods (D = 0.88), followed by spa typing (D = 0.87), MLST (D = 0.84), PFGE (D = 0.76), and SCCmec typing (D = 0.60). The method with the highest D among MRSA isolates was repPCR (D = 0.64) followed by spa typing (D = 0.45) and MLST (D = 0.44). The method with the highest D among MSSA isolates was spa typing (D = 0.98), followed by MLST (D = 0.93), repPCR (D = 0.92), and PFGE (D = 0.89). Among isolates designated USA300 by PFGE, repPCR was most discriminatory, with 10 distinct strain types identified (D = 0.63). We identified 45 MRSA isolates which were classified as identical by PFGE, MLST, spa typing, and SCCmec typing (USA300, ST8, t008, SCCmec IV, respectively); within this collection, there were 5 distinct strain types identified by repPCR. The typing methods yielded comparable discriminatory power for S. aureus characterization overall; when discriminating among USA300 isolates, repPCR retained the highest discriminatory power. This property is advantageous for investigations conducted in the era of contemporary S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rodriguez
- From the Department of Pediatrics (MR, PGH, TW, C-ADB, SAF); Department of Pediatrics, McDonnell Genome Institute (TW, HG, ES, GMW); Department of Pathology and Immunology at Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MI 63110 (C-ADB); Department of Medicine at Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Dr., Atlanta, GA 30322 (SWS, EC); Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 801 North Rutledge St., Springfield, IL 62702 (MR); and Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Dr., Farmington, CT 06032 (ES, GMW)
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19
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Eko KE, Forshey BM, Carrel M, Schweizer ML, Perencevich EN, Smith TC. Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization and infection isolates in a Veterans Affairs hospital. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015; 4:10. [PMID: 25838886 PMCID: PMC4383227 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-015-0048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with increased infection risk, yet colonization and infection isolates are rarely compared within the same study. The objectives of this study were to compare colonization and infection isolates from a Veterans Administration hospital in Iowa, and to determine the prevalence of livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) colonization and infection in a state with high livestock density. Methods All patients with available MRSA isolates collected through routine nasal screening (73%; n = 397) and from infections (27%; n = 148) between December 2010 and August 2012 were included and tested for spa type and presence of PVL and mecA genes. Clinical isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance patterns. Paired colonization and infection isolates were compared for genetic and phenotypic congruity. Results The most common spa types were t002 (and other CC5-associated strains; 65%) and t008 (and other CC8-associated strains; 20%). No classic LA-MRSA spa types were identified. CC5-associated strains were less likely to be associated with infections (22%; 77/353) compared with CC8-associated strains (49%; 53/109). MRSA colonization was more common among patients with infections (71%) compared with the general screening population (7%). In most cases (82%; 28/34), paired colonization and infection isolates were genetically and phenotypically indistinguishable. Conclusions Our data demonstrate a direct link between antecedent nasal colonization and subsequent MRSA infection. Further, our data indicate variability in colonization and infection efficiency among MRSA genotypes, which points to the need to define the molecular determinants underlying emergence of S. aureus strains in the community and nosocomial setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani E Eko
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA
| | - Brett M Forshey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA
| | - Margaret Carrel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA ; Department of Geographical & Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Marin L Schweizer
- Center for Comprehensive Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA
| | - Eli N Perencevich
- Center for Comprehensive Access & Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE), Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA
| | - Tara C Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA ; Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242 USA
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20
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Detection of vancomycin resistances in enterococci within 3 ½ hours. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8217. [PMID: 25645753 PMCID: PMC4314646 DOI: 10.1038/srep08217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) constitute a challenging problem in health care institutions worldwide. Novel methods to rapidly identify resistances are highly required to ensure an early start of tailored therapy and to prevent further spread of the bacteria. Here, a spectroscopy-based rapid test is presented that reveals resistances of enterococci towards vancomycin within 3.5 hours. Without any specific knowledge on the strain, VRE can be recognized with high accuracy in two different enterococci species. By means of dielectrophoresis, bacteria are directly captured from dilute suspensions, making sample preparation very easy. Raman spectroscopic analysis of the trapped bacteria over a time span of two hours in absence and presence of antibiotics reveals characteristic differences in the molecular response of sensitive as well as resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Furthermore, the spectroscopic fingerprints provide an indication on the mechanisms of induced resistance in VRE.
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21
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Ellis MW, Schlett CD, Millar EV, Crawford KB, Cui T, Lanier JB, Tribble DR. Prevalence of nasal colonization and strain concordance in patients with community-associated Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft-tissue infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014; 35:1251-6. [PMID: 25203178 DOI: 10.1086/678060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the prevalence and relatedness of Staphylococcus aureus anterior nares colonization in individuals with community-associated staphylococcal skin and soft-tissue infection (SSTI). DESIGN Observational cohort. SETTING US Army soldiers undergoing infantry training. PARTICIPANTS Trainees who developed SSTI from May 2010 to January 2012. METHODS Participants underwent anterior nares culture at the time of presentation for purulent SSTI. We determined the prevalence of S. aureus nasal colonization and strain relatedness between colonizing and clinical isolates with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS We enrolled 1,203 SSTI participants, of whom 508 had culture-confirmed S. aureus SSTI. Overall, 70% (357/508) were colonized with S. aureus. Phenotypically, concordant colonization was more common with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA; 56%; 122/218) than methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) SSTI (41%; 118/290; P < .01). With PFGE, 48% (121 of 254) of clinical-colonizing pairs were indistinguishable, and concordant colonization was more common with MRSA (53%; 92/173) than MSSA SSTI (36%; 29/81; P < .01). Restricting analysis to concomitant MRSA-MRSA or MSSA-MSSA pairs, 92% (92/100) of MRSA SSTI were indistinguishable, and 40% (29/72) MSSA SSTI were indistinguishable (P < .01). All 92 MRSA pairs were USA300. CONCLUSIONS On the phenotypic level, concordant anterior nares colonization with incident staphylococcal SSTI is more common in MSSA than MRSA; however, the opposite is observed when accounting for molecular typing, and MRSA SSTI displays greater concordance. USA300 was responsible for strain concordance with MRSA SSTI. Studies are needed to examine the roles of nasal and extra-nasal carriage, colonization preceding infection, and increased virulence in the pathogenesis of MRSA SSTI. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01105767.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Ellis
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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22
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Boers SA, Burggrave R, van Westreenen M, Goessens WHF, Hays JP. Whole-genome mapping for high-resolution genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 106:19-22. [PMID: 25119380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A variety of molecular typing techniques have been developed to investigate the clonal relationship among bacterial isolates, including those associated with nosocomial infections. In this study, the authors evaluated whole-genome mapping as a tool to investigate the genetic relatedness between Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, including metallo beta-lactamase-positive outbreak isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Boers
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - M van Westreenen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W H F Goessens
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J P Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Comparison between phage-open-reading frame typing and automated repetitive-sequence-based PCR for typing MRSA isolates. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:565-9. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Comparison of pulsed-gel electrophoresis and a commercial repetitive-element PCR method for assessment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clustering in different health care facilities. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2027-32. [PMID: 24671801 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.03466-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a common method used to type methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nosocomial investigations and epidemiological studies but is time-consuming and methodologically challenging. We compared typing results obtained using a commercial repetitive-element PCR (rep-PCR) system with PFGE in a sample of 86 unique MRSA isolates recovered from subjects in an academic referral hospital and two nursing homes in the same geographic region. Both methods reliably assigned isolates to the same Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) pulsotype. PFGE was significantly more discriminatory (Simpson's index of diversity, 0.92 at the 95% strain similarity threshold) than the commercial rep-PCR system (Simpson's index of diversity, 0.58). The global (adjusted Rand coefficient, 0.10) and directional congruence (adjusted Wallace coefficient(repPCR→PFGE) = 0.06; adjusted Wallace coefficient(PFGE → repPCR) = 0.52) between the two methods was low. MRSA strains recovered from study nursing homes that were clonal when typed by the commercial rep-PCR method were frequently noted to be genetically distinct when typed using PFGE. These data suggest that the commercial rep-PCR has less utility than PFGE in small-scale epidemiological assessments of MRSA in health care settings.
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25
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Molecular epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in households of children with community-associated S aureus skin and soft tissue infections. J Pediatr 2014; 164:105-11. [PMID: 24128648 PMCID: PMC3921902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although colonization traditionally is considered a risk factor for Staphylococcus aureus infection, the relationship between contemporary S aureus colonization and infection is not well characterized. We aimed to relate the presence of colonizing and disease-causing strains of S aureus within individuals and households. STUDY DESIGN In a prospective study of 163 pediatric outpatients (cases) with community-associated S aureus skin and soft tissue infections in St Louis, infection isolates were obtained from cases and colonization cultures were obtained from cases and their household contacts (n = 562). Molecular typing by repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction was used to compare infecting and colonizing isolates within each case. The infecting strain from each case was compared with S aureus strains colonizing household contacts. The colonization status of cases was followed for 12 months. RESULTS A total of 27 distinct strain types were identified among the 1299 S aureus isolates evaluated. Between 1 and 6 distinct strain types were detected per household. A total of 110 cases (67%) were colonized at 1 or more body sites with the infecting strain. Of the 53 cases with an infecting strain that did not match a colonizing strain, 15 (28%) had 1 or more household contacts with a colonizing strain that matched the infecting strain. Intrafamilial strain-relatedness was observed in 105 families (64%). CONCLUSION One-third of cases were colonized with a different strain type than the strain causing the skin and soft tissue infection. Fewer than one-third of cases with discordant infecting and colonizing isolates could be linked to the strain from another household contact, suggesting acquisition from sources outside the household.
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Enhanced de novo assembly of high throughput pyrosequencing data using whole genome mapping. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61762. [PMID: 23613926 PMCID: PMC3629165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances in next-generation sequencing, assembly of sequencing data, especially data from novel microorganisms or re-emerging pathogens, remains constrained by the lack of suitable reference sequences. De novo assembly is the best approach to achieve an accurate finished sequence, but multiple sequencing platforms or paired-end libraries are often required to achieve full genome coverage. In this study, we demonstrated a method to assemble complete bacterial genome sequences by integrating shotgun Roche 454 pyrosequencing with optical whole genome mapping (WGM). The whole genome restriction map (WGRM) was used as the reference to scaffold de novo assembled sequence contigs through a stepwise process. Large de novo contigs were placed in the correct order and orientation through alignment to the WGRM. De novo contigs that were not aligned to WGRM were merged into scaffolds using contig branching structure information. These extended scaffolds were then aligned to the WGRM to identify the overlaps to be eliminated and the gaps and mismatches to be resolved with unused contigs. The process was repeated until a sequence with full coverage and alignment with the whole genome map was achieved. Using this method we were able to achieved 100% WGRM coverage without a paired-end library. We assembled complete sequences for three distinct genetic components of a clinical isolate of Providencia stuartii: a bacterial chromosome, a novel bla NDM-1 plasmid, and a novel bacteriophage, without separately purifying them to homogeneity.
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