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Rosenkrantz W, Ritter JM, Keating MK, Bhatnagar J, Krumbeck JA. Burkholderia gladioli deep pyoderma in a dog secondary to immunosuppressive ciclosporin and prednisone therapy. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38654610 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
A dog presented with deep pyoderma on the paw, following treatment with ciclosporin and prednisone for immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. Cytological evaluation, skin biopsy, aerobic culture, next-generation DNA sequencing and PCR were used to detect the first reported case of Burkholderia gladioli in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana M Ritter
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Julu Bhatnagar
- Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Osborne AJ, Clark SE, Whitcomb T, Devlin P, Lanza M, Atkins HM. Unique Presentations of Burkholderia gladioli Infections in Several Strains of Immunocompromised Mice. Comp Med 2023; 73:391-397. [PMID: 38087404 PMCID: PMC10702161 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-23-000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Four strains of experimentally naïve mice (NOD. Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl /SzJ [NSG], NOD. Cg- Rag1 tm1Mom Il2rg tm1Wjl /SzJ [NRG], B6.129S(Cg)-Stat1 tm1Dlv/J [STAT1 -/-], and B6.129S7- Ifngr1 tm1Agt/J[IFNγR -/-] housed in a barrier facility developed unusual and seemingly unrelated clinical signs. Young NSG/NRG mice (n = 49, mean age = 4 ± 0.4 mo) exhibited nonspecific clinical signs of moderate-to-severe lethargy, hunched posture, decreased body condition, and pallor. In contrast to the NSG/NRG mice, the STAT1-/- and IFNγ R-/- mice (n = 5) developed large subcutaneous abscesses on the head and neck. These mice were euthanized, and samples were collected for culture. NSG/NRG mice had moderate-markedly enlarged livers (20 of 49, 40%) and spleens (17 of 49, 35%). The livers contained multiple, variably-sized, tan regions throughout all lobes. Histology revealed necrotizing hepatitis (13 of 17, 77%), splenic and hepatic extramedullary hematopoiesis (17 of 17, 100%), glomerular histiocytosis (6 of 17, 35%), and metritis (6 of 11, 55%) with perivascular inflammation, suggesting hematogenous spread Differentials for these lesions included mouse hepatitis virus, ectromelia virus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., and Clostridium piliforme. Burkholderia gladioli was cultured from liver lesions and subcutaneous abscesses and confirmed with 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. After completing systematic testing of the environment, failure of the water autoclave cycle was suspected as the cause of the outbreak. To address the situation, individually ventilated racks were sanitized and new breeders were purchased; these actions dramatically reduced B. gladioli infections. The current literature contains few reports of B. gladioli infections in immunocompromised mice, and its typical presentation is torticollis and rolling. B. gladioli infection is a potential differential for subcutaneous abscesses, hepatitis, and splenomegaly in immunocompromised mice. Careful monitoring of sterilization techniques is essential to prevent such infections in a barrier facility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tiffany Whitcomb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Penny Devlin
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Lanza
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Huggins LG, Colella V, Atapattu U, Koehler AV, Traub RJ. Nanopore Sequencing Using the Full-Length 16S rRNA Gene for Detection of Blood-Borne Bacteria in Dogs Reveals a Novel Species of Hemotropic Mycoplasma. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0308822. [PMID: 36250862 PMCID: PMC9769565 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03088-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dogs across the globe are afflicted by diverse blood- and vector-borne bacteria (VBB), many of which cause severe disease and can be fatal. Diagnosis of VBB infections can be challenging due to the low concentration of bacteria in the blood, the frequent occurrence of coinfections, and the wide range of known, emerging, and potentially novel VBB species encounterable. Therefore, there is a need for diagnostics that address these challenges by being both sensitive and capable of detecting all VBB simultaneously. We detail the first employment of a nanopore-based sequencing methodology conducted on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION device to accurately elucidate the "hemobacteriome" from canine blood through sequencing of the full-length 16S rRNA gene. We detected a diverse range of important canine VBB, including Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Mycoplasma haemocanis, Bartonella clarridgeiae, "Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum", a novel species of hemotropic mycoplasma, and Wolbachia endosymbionts of filarial worms, indicative of filariasis. Our nanopore-based protocol was equivalent in sensitivity to both quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Illumina sequencing when benchmarked against these methods, achieving high agreement as defined by the kappa statistics (k > 0.81) for three key VBB. Utilizing the ability of the ONT' MinION device to sequence long read lengths provides an excellent alternative diagnostic method by which the hemobacteriome can be accurately characterized to the species level in a way previously unachievable using short reads. We envision our method to be translatable to multiple contexts, such as the detection of VBB in other vertebrate hosts, including humans, while the small size of the MinION device is highly amenable to field use. IMPORTANCE Blood- and vector-borne bacteria (VBB) can cause severe pathology and even be lethal for dogs in many regions across the globe. Accurate characterization of all the bacterial pathogens infecting a canine host is critical, as coinfections are common and emerging and novel pathogens that may go undetected by traditional diagnostics frequently arise. Deep sequencing using devices from Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) provides a solution, as the long read lengths achievable provide species-level taxonomic identification of pathogens that previous short-read technologies could not accomplish. We developed a protocol using ONT' MinION sequencer to accurately detect and classify a wide spectrum of VBB from canine blood at a sensitivity comparable to that of regularly used diagnostics, such as qPCR. This protocol demonstrates great potential for use in biosurveillance and biosecurity operations for the detection of VBB in a range of vertebrate hosts, while the MinION sequencer's portability allows this method to be used easily in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G. Huggins
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vito Colella
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ushani Atapattu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anson V. Koehler
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca J. Traub
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Dobrović K, Mareković I, Payerl-Pal M, Andrijašević N, Škrobo T, Košćak V, Grgurić D, Crnek SŠ, Janeš A, Lukić-Grlić A, Selec K, Bukovski S, Čivljak R. Outbreak of healthcare-associated bacteremia caused by Burkholderia gladioli due to contaminated multidose vials with saline solutions in three Croatian hospitals. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 121:152-156. [PMID: 35562041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burkholderia gladioli has been associated with infections in patients with cystic fibrosis, chronic granulomatous disease, and other immunocompromising conditions. The aim of this study was to better depict the outbreak of healthcare-associated bacteremia caused by B. gladioli due to exposure to contaminated multidose vials with saline solutions. METHODS An environmental and epidemiologic investigation was conducted by the Infection Prevention and Control Team (IPCT) to identify the source of the outbreak in three Croatian hospitals. RESULTS During a 3-month period, 13 B. gladioli bacteremia episodes were identified in 10 patients in three Croatian hospitals. At the time of the outbreak, all three hospitals used saline products from the same manufacturer. Two 100-ml multidose vials with saline solutions and needleless dispensing pins were positive for B. gladioli. All 13 bacteremia isolates and two isolates from the saline showed the same antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile, demonstrating clonal relatedness. CONCLUSION When an environmental pathogen causes an outbreak, contamination of intravenous products must be considered. Close communication between the local IPCT and the National Hospital Infection Control Advisory Committee is essential to conduct a prompt and thorough investigation and find the source of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dobrović
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Mareković
- Clinical Department of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology and Hospital Infections, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nataša Andrijašević
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, "Dr. Fran Mihaljević" University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Škrobo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Košćak
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Grgurić
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Šestan Crnek
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andrea Janeš
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amarela Lukić-Grlić
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Selec
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Hospital Infections, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Bukovski
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, "Dr. Fran Mihaljević" University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia; Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Croatia; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Rok Čivljak
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Respiratory Tract Infections, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Kuo SH, Yeh KH, Lin CW, Liou JM, Wu MS, Chen LT, Cheng AL. Current Status of the Spectrum and Therapeutics of Helicobacter pylori-Negative Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041005. [PMID: 35205754 PMCID: PMC8869919 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP)-negative gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma has increased over the last two decades, whereas that of HP-positive gastric MALT lymphoma has decreased. Although the role of first-line antibiotics in the treatment of HP-negative gastric MALT lymphomas remains ambiguous, several case series have reported that a first-line HP eradication therapy (HPE)-like regimen could result in complete remission in a proportion of patients with localized HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma. Previous sporadic reports have indicated that certain patients with extragastric MALT lymphoma can respond to first-line antibiotic treatment as well. These findings suggest that, in contrast to antibiotic-unresponsive tumors, antibiotic-responsive tumors may be recognized within the spectrum of HP-negative MALT lymphoma. In addition to conventional chemotherapy and immunochemotherapy, macrolide antibiotics and immunomodulatory drugs have been previously used and demonstrated to be efficacious. This article provides the spectrum and therapeutics for HP-negative MALT lymphoma. Abstract Helicobacter pylori (HP)-unrelated mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma includes the majority of extragastric MALT lymphomas and a small proportion of gastric MALT lymphomas. Although the role of first-line antibiotics in treating HP-negative gastric MALT lymphomas remains controversial, HP eradication therapy (HPE)-like regimens may result in approximately 20–30% complete remission (CR) for patients with localized HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma. In these patients, H. heilmannii, H. bizzozeronii, and H. suis were detected in sporadic gastric biopsy specimens. Extragastric MALT lymphoma is conventionally treated with radiotherapy for localized disease and systemic chemotherapy for advanced and metastatic diseases. However, a proportion of extragastric MALT lymphomas, such as ocular adnexal lesions and small intestinal lesions, were reported to be controlled by antibiotics for Chlamydophila psittaci and Campylobacter jejuni, respectively. Some extragastric MALT lymphomas may even respond to first-line HPE. These findings suggest that some antibiotic-responsive tumors may exist in the family of HP-negative MALT lymphomas. Two mechanisms underlying the antibiotic responsiveness of HP-negative MALT lymphoma have been proposed. First, an HPE-like regimen may eradicate the antigens of unknown bacteria. Second, clarithromycin (the main component of HPE) may have direct or indirect antineoplastic effects, thus contributing to the CR of these tumors. For antibiotic-unresponsive HP-negative MALT lymphoma, high-dose macrolides and immunomodulatory drugs, such as thalidomide and lenalidomide, have reported sporadic success. Further investigation of new treatment regimens is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (S.-H.K.); (K.-H.Y.)
- Cancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Huei Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (S.-H.K.); (K.-H.Y.)
- Cancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wu Lin
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Jyh-Ming Liou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (S.-H.K.); (K.-H.Y.)
- Cancer Research Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 67251); Fax: +886-2-2371-1174
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6
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Fatal Case of Burkholderia gladioli Pneumonia in a Patient With COVID-19. Ochsner J 2022; 22:349-352. [PMID: 36561098 PMCID: PMC9753951 DOI: 10.31486/toj.22.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Burkholderia gladioli (B gladioli) is a rare, gram-negative rod that was initially regarded as a plant pathogen. However, B gladioli has been reported as the primary pathogen causing pneumonia in organ transplant recipients and in patients with cystic fibrosis. We report a case of bacterial pneumonia caused by B gladioli in a patient hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case Report: A 68-year-old male was admitted for acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. He was treated with dexamethasone and convalescent plasma, resulting in improvement in the hypoxemia. However, during the latter part of his inpatient stay, the patient developed pneumonia caused by B gladioli. The isolate of B gladioli was sensitive to meropenem, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and intermediate to ceftazidime. He was treated with meropenem and levofloxacin. Despite treatment, the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome with multiorgan failure, suffered cardiac arrest, and died. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first report of B gladioli coinfection in a patient hospitalized for COVID-19 and provides insight into the possible detrimental outcome of B gladioli and COVID-19 coinfection.
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7
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Mitchell AB, Glanville AR. The Impact of Resistant Bacterial Pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia on Lung Transplant Outcomes. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 42:436-448. [PMID: 34030205 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas and Burkholderia are gram-negative organisms that achieve colonization within the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis, and are associated with accelerated pulmonary function decline. Multidrug resistance is a hallmark of these organisms, which makes eradication efforts difficult. Furthermore, the literature has outlined increased morbidity and mortality for lung transplant (LTx) recipients infected with these bacterial genera. Indeed, many treatment centers have considered Burkholderia cepacia infection an absolute contraindication to LTx. Ongoing research has delineated different species within the B. cepacia complex (BCC), with significantly varied morbidity and survival profiles. This review considers the current evidence for LTx outcomes between the different subspecies encompassed within these genera as well as prophylactic and management options. The availability of meta-genomic tools will make differentiation between species within these groups easier in the future, and will allow more evidence-based decisions to be made regarding suitability of candidates colonized with these resistant bacteria for LTx. This review suggests that based on the current evidence, not all species of BCC should be considered contraindications to LTx, going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia B Mitchell
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Allan R Glanville
- Lung Transplant Unit, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Hahn A, Burrell A, Chaney H, Sami I, Koumbourlis AC, Freishtat RJ, Zemanick ET, Louie S, Crandall KA. Importance of beta-lactam pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics on the recovery of microbial diversity in the airway of persons with cystic fibrosis. J Investig Med 2021; 69:1350-1359. [PMID: 34021052 PMCID: PMC8485129 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic lung disease characterized by acute pulmonary exacerbations (PExs) that are frequently treated with antibiotics. The impact of antibiotics on airway microbial diversity remains a critical knowledge gap. We sought to define the association between beta-lactam pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic target attainment on richness and alpha diversity. Twenty-seven children <18 years of age with CF participated in the prospective study. Airway samples were collected at hospital admission for PEx, end of antibiotic treatment (Tr), and >1 month in follow-up (FU). Metagenomic sequencing was performed to determine richness, alpha diversity, and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes. Free plasma beta-lactam levels were measured, and PK modeling was performed to determine time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (fT>MIC). 52% of study subjects had sufficient fT>MIC for optimal bacterial killing. There were no significant differences in demographics or PEx characteristics, except for F508del homozygosity. No significant differences were noted in richness or alpha diversity at individual time points, and both groups experienced a decrease in richness and alpha diversity at Tr compared with PEx. However, alpha diversity remained decreased at FU compared with PEx in those with sufficient fT>MIC but increased in those with insufficient fT>MIC (Shannon -0.222 vs +0.452, p=0.031, and inverse Simpson -1.376 vs +1.388, p=0.032). Fluoroquinolone resistance was also more frequently detected in those with insufficient fT>MIC (log2 fold change (log2FC) 2.29, p=0.025). These findings suggest sufficient beta-lactam fT>MIC is associated with suppressed recovery of alpha diversity following the antibiotic exposure period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hahn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aszia Burrell
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hollis Chaney
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Iman Sami
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anastassios C Koumbourlis
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Edith T Zemanick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stan Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, The George Washington University Milken Institute of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
Burkholderia gladioli is known to cause respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we describe the annotation of the 38,038-bp genome sequence of Mana, a P2-like phage of B. gladioli Understanding the genomic characteristics of phages infecting pathogens like B. gladioli can lead to advancements in phage therapy.
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Belli G, Giovannini M, Dolce D, Terlizzi V, Orioli T, Taccetti G. Burkholderia gladioli infection in a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis: the clinical challenges of an emergent pathogen. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2020; 73:468-470. [PMID: 33174713 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.20.05836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Belli
- Department of Health Science, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy -
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Department of Health Science, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Dolce
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Vito Terlizzi
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Tommaso Orioli
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Taccetti
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Center, Anna Meyer Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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11
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Kurakin GF, Samoukina AM, Potapova NA. Bacterial and Protozoan Lipoxygenases Could be Involved in Cell-to-Cell Signaling and Immune Response Suppression. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:1048-1071. [PMID: 33050851 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920090059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases are found in animals, plants, and fungi, where they are involved in a wide range of cell-to-cell signaling processes. The presence of lipoxygenases in a number of bacteria and protozoa has been also established, but their biological significance remains poorly understood. Several hypothetical functions of lipoxygenases in bacteria and protozoa have been suggested without experimental validation. The objective of our study was evaluating the functions of bacterial and protozoan lipoxygenases by evolutionary and taxonomic analysis using bioinformatics tools. Lipoxygenase sequences were identified and examined using BLAST, followed by analysis of constructed phylogenetic trees and networks. Our results support the theory on the involvement of lipoxygenases in the formation of multicellular structures by microorganisms and their possible evolutionary significance in the emergence of multicellularity. Furthermore, we observed association of lipoxygenases with the suppression of host immune response by parasitic and symbiotic bacteria including dangerous opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Kurakin
- Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tver State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tver, 170100, Russia.
| | - A M Samoukina
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, Tver State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tver, 170100, Russia
| | - N A Potapova
- Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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12
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Webster G, Jones C, Mullins AJ, Mahenthiralingam E. A rapid screening method for the detection of specialised metabolites from bacteria: Induction and suppression of metabolites from Burkholderia species. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 178:106057. [PMID: 32941961 PMCID: PMC7684528 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Screening microbial cultures for specialised metabolites is essential for the discovery of new biologically active compounds. A novel, cost-effective and rapid screening method is described for extracting specialised metabolites from bacteria grown on agar plates, coupled with HPLC for basic identification of known and potentially novel metabolites. The method allows the screening of culture collections to identify optimal production strains and metabolite induction conditions. The protocol was optimised on two Burkholderia species known to produce the antibiotics, enacyloxin IIa (B. ambifaria) and gladiolin (B. gladioli), respectively; it was then applied to strains of each species to identify high antibiotic producers. B. ambifaria AMMD and B. gladioli BCC0238 produced the highest concentrations of the respective antibiotic under the conditions tested. To induce expression of silent biosynthetic gene clusters, the addition of low concentrations of antibiotics to growth media was evaluated as known elicitors of Burkholderia specialised metabolites. Subinhibitory concentrations of trimethoprim and other clinically therapeutic antibiotics were evaluated and screened against a panel of B. gladioli and B. ambifaria. To enhance rapid strain screening with more antibiotic elicitors, antimicrobial susceptibility testing discs were included within the induction medium. Low concentrations of trimethoprim suppressed the production of specialised metabolites in B. gladioli, including the toxins, toxoflavin and bongkrekic acid. However, the addition of trimethoprim significantly improved enacylocin IIa concentrations in B. ambifaria AMMD. Rifampicin and ceftazidime significantly improved the yield of gladiolin and caryoynencin by B. gladioli BCC0238, respectively, and cepacin increased 2-fold with tobramycin in B. ambifaria BCC0191. Potentially novel metabolites were also induced by subinhibitory concentrations of tobramycin and chloramphenicol in B. ambifaria. In contrast to previous findings that low concentrations of antibiotic elicit Burkholderia metabolite production, we found they acted as both inducers or suppressors dependent on the metabolite and the strains producing them. In conclusion, the screening protocol enabled rapid characterization of Burkholderia metabolites, the identification of suitable producer strains, potentially novel natural products and an understanding of metabolite regulation in the presence of inducing or suppressing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Webster
- Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AX, UK..
| | - Cerith Jones
- Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AX, UK..
| | - Alex J Mullins
- Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AX, UK..
| | - Eshwar Mahenthiralingam
- Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AX, UK..
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13
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Abstract
The regulation and timely expression of bacterial genes during infection is critical for a pathogen to cause an infection. Bacteria have multiple mechanisms to regulate gene expression in response to their environment, one of which is two-component systems (TCS). TCS have two components. One component is a sensory histidine kinase (HK) that autophosphorylates when activated by a signal. The activated sensory histidine kinase then transfers the phosphoryl group to the second component, the response regulator, which activates transcription of target genes. The genus Burkholderia contains members that cause human disease and are often extensively resistant to many antibiotics. The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) can cause severe lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). BCC members have also recently been associated with several outbreaks of bacteremia from contaminated pharmaceutical products. Separate from the BCC is Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious disease that occurs in the tropics, and a potential bioterrorism weapon. Bioinformatic analysis of sequenced Burkholderia isolates predicts that most strains have at least 40 TCS. The vast majority of these TCS are uncharacterized both in terms of the signals that activate them and the genes that are regulated by them. This review will highlight TCS that have been described to play a role in virulence in either the BCC or B. pseudomallei Since many of these TCS are involved in virulence, TCS are potential novel therapeutic targets, and elucidating their function is critical for understanding Burkholderia pathogenesis.
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Gruzelle V, Guet-Revillet H, Segonds C, Bui S, Macey J, Chiron R, Michelet M, Murris-Espin M, Mittaine M. Management of initial colonisations with Burkholderia species in France, with retrospective analysis in five cystic fibrosis Centres: a pilot study. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:159. [PMID: 32503487 PMCID: PMC7275364 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas Burkholderia infections are recognized to impair prognosis in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, there is no recommendation to date for early eradication therapy. The aim of our study was to analyse the current management of initial colonisations with Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) or B. gladioli in French CF Centres and its impact on bacterial clearance and clinical outcome. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of the primary colonisations (PC), defined as newly positive sputum cultures, observed between 2010 and 2018 in five CF Centres. Treatment regimens, microbiological and clinical data were collected. RESULTS Seventeen patients (14 with BCC, and 3 with B. gladioli) were included. Eradication therapy, using heterogeneous combinations of intravenous, oral or nebulised antibiotics, was attempted in 11 patients. Six out of the 11 treated patients, and 4 out of the 6 untreated patients cleared the bacterium. Though not statistically significant, higher forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity at PC and consistency of treatment with in vitro antibiotic susceptibility tended to be associated with eradication. The management of PC was shown to be heterogeneous, thus impairing the statistical power of our study. Large prospective studies are needed to define whom to treat, when, and how. CONCLUSIONS Pending these studies, we propose, due to possible spontaneous clearance, to check the presence of Burkholderia 1 month after PC before starting antibiotics, at least in the milder cases, and to evaluate a combination of intravenous beta-lactam + oral or intravenous fluoroquinolone + inhaled aminoglycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vianney Gruzelle
- CRCM pédiatrique, Service de Pneumo-Allergologie pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 330 avenue de Grande-Bretagne - TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Hélène Guet-Revillet
- Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Observatoire Burkholderia cepacia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France / Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, Paris, France
| | - Christine Segonds
- Observatoire Burkholderia cepacia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France / Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Bui
- CRCM pédiatrique, Service de pédiatrie médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux-GH Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Macey
- Service de pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux-GH Sud - Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, France
| | - Raphaël Chiron
- CRCM pédiatrique, Service des maladies respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier - Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Michelet
- CRCM pédiatrique, Service de Pneumo-Allergologie pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 330 avenue de Grande-Bretagne - TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Marlène Murris-Espin
- Service de pneumologie - Consultation Mucoviscidose, Pôle voies respiratoires, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - Hôpital Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Mittaine
- CRCM pédiatrique, Service de Pneumo-Allergologie pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, 330 avenue de Grande-Bretagne - TSA 40031, 31059, Toulouse cedex 9, France.
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkholderia cepacia complex is an aerobic, non-spore-forming, catalase-positive, nonfermentative, Gram-negative bacterium common in environment. It is a serious pathogen especially for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). But pathogenicity of Burkholderia is not limited to patients with CF. Herein, we aimed to reveal clinical patterns and outcomes of Burkholderia infections in pediatric patients in our hospital and also antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strain. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted in Ankara Hematology Oncology Children's Training and Research Hospital. Patients with isolates of Burkholderia spp. between January 6, 2013, and January 12, 2018, were included in the study. RESULTS Burkholderia spp. was isolated from 55 patients. 94.6% of these patients had underlying diseases and had prior hospitalization within a year. Burkholderia gladioli grew in 15 patients' samples (27.3%); 38 patients grew B. cepacia (69.1%). None of the patients that B. gladioli was isolated was diagnosed as CF;. all had nosocomial infections. B. gladioli seemed to be more susceptible to aminoglycosides, piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems and ciprofloxacin than B. cepacia (P = 0.00), whereas B. cepacia seemed to be more susceptible to ceftazidime than B. gladioli (P = 0.032). In addition, B. cepacia was more susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin than B. gladioli, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of nosocomial infections caused by Burkholderia spp. is rare especially in pediatric literature. In our study, nosocomial Burkholderia infections occurred mostly in intensive care unit patients. The surveillance of Burkholderia infections is still very important, and the clinicians should be aware of changing epidemiology and increasing resistance of the microorganism. Besides, there are no internationally agreed minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints and disk-diffusion test thresholds for susceptibility testing for Burkholderia. Thus, the methods which were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing in our center might cause uncertainty about the results and internationally agreed minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints and disk-diffusion test thresholds for susceptibility testing for Burkholderia is still a gap to fill for the current literature.
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Burkholderia cepacia Complex Bacteria: a Feared Contamination Risk in Water-Based Pharmaceutical Products. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/3/e00139-19. [PMID: 32295766 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00139-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia (formerly Pseudomonas cepacia) was once thought to be a single bacterial species but has expanded to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), comprising 24 closely related opportunistic pathogenic species. These bacteria have a widespread environmental distribution, an extraordinary metabolic versatility, a complex genome with three chromosomes, and a high capacity for rapid mutation and adaptation. Additionally, they present an inherent resistance to antibiotics and antiseptics, as well as the abilities to survive under nutrient-limited conditions and to metabolize the organic matter present in oligotrophic aquatic environments, even using certain antimicrobials as carbon sources. These traits constitute the reason that Bcc bacteria are considered feared contaminants of aqueous pharmaceutical and personal care products and the frequent reason behind nonsterile product recalls. Contamination with Bcc has caused numerous nosocomial outbreaks in health care facilities, presenting a health threat, particularly for patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease and for immunocompromised individuals. This review addresses the role of Bcc bacteria as a potential public health problem, the mechanisms behind their success as contaminants of pharmaceutical products, particularly in the presence of biocides, the difficulties encountered in their detection, and the preventive measures applied during manufacturing processes to control contamination with these objectionable microorganisms. A summary of Bcc-related outbreaks in different clinical settings, due to contamination of diverse types of pharmaceutical products, is provided.
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Seynos-García E, Castañeda-Lucio M, Muñoz-Rojas J, López-Pliego L, Villalobos M, Bustillos-Cristales R, Fuentes-Ramírez LE. Loci Identification of a N-acyl Homoserine Lactone Type Quorum Sensing System and a New LysR-type Transcriptional Regulator Associated with Antimicrobial Activity and Swarming in Burkholderia Gladioli UAPS07070. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:165-178. [PMID: 33817149 PMCID: PMC7874821 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A random transposition mutant library of B. gladioli UAPS07070 was analyzed for searching mutants with impaired microbial antagonism. Three derivates showed diminished antimicrobial activity against a sensitive strain. The mutated loci showed high similarity to the quorum sensing genes of the AHL-synthase and its regulator. Another mutant was affected in a gene coding for a LysrR-type transcriptional regulator. The production of toxoflavin, the most well known antimicrobial-molecule and a major virulence factor of plant-pathogenic B. glumae and B. gladioli was explored. The absence of a yellowish pigment related to toxoflavin and the undetectable transcription of toxA in the mutants indicated the participation of the QS system and of the LysR-type transcriptional regulator in the regulation of toxoflavin. Additionally, those genes were found to be related to the swarming phenotype. Lettuce inoculated with the AHL synthase and the lysR mutants showed less severe symptoms. We present evidence of the participation of both, the quorum sensing and for the first time, of a LysR-type transcriptional regulator in antibiosis and swarming phenotype in a strain of B. gladioli
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Affiliation(s)
- E Seynos-García
- Lab. Ecología Molecular Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Edif. IC11, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72570, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Castañeda-Lucio
- Lab. Ecología Molecular Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Edif. IC11, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72570, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - J Muñoz-Rojas
- Lab. Ecología Molecular Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Edif. IC11, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72570, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - L López-Pliego
- Lab. Ecología Molecular Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Edif. IC11, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72570, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - M Villalobos
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Estatal Sta Inés Tecuexcomac‑Tepetitla, km. 1.5, C.P: 90700 Tepetitla de Lárdizabal, Tlaxcala,Mexico
| | - R Bustillos-Cristales
- Lab. Ecología Molecular Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Edif. IC11, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72570, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - L E Fuentes-Ramírez
- Lab. Ecología Molecular Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla. Edif. IC11, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 72570, Puebla, Puebla, México
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Mereghetti V, Chouaia B, Limonta L, Locatelli DP, Montagna M. Evidence for a conserved microbiota across the different developmental stages of Plodia interpunctella. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:466-478. [PMID: 29090848 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diversity and composition of lepidopteran microbiotas are poorly investigated, especially across the different developmental stages. To improve this knowledge, we characterize the microbiota among different developmental stages of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, which is considered one of the major pest of commodities worldwide. Using culture-independent approach based on Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing we characterized the microbiota of four developmental stages: eggs, first-, and last-instar larvae, and adult. A total of 1022 bacterial OTUs were obtained, showing a quite diversified microbiota associated to all the analyzed stages. The microbiotas associated with P. interpunctella resulted almost constant throughout the developmental stages, with approximately 77% of bacterial OTUs belonging to the phylum of Proteobacteria. The dominant bacterial genus is represented by Burkholderia (∼64%), followed by Propionibacterium, Delftia, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas. A core bacterial community, composed of 139 OTUs, was detected in all the developmental stages, among which 112 OTUs were assigned to the genus Burkholderia. A phylogenetic reconstruction, based on the 16S rRNA, revealed that our Burkholderia OTUs clustered with Burkholderia cepacia complex, in the same group of those isolated from the hemipterans Gossyparia spuria and Acanthococcus aceris. The functional profiling, predicted on the base of the bacterial 16S rRNA, indicates differences in the metabolic pathways related to metabolism of amino acids between preimaginal and adult stages. We can hypothesize that bacteria may support the insect host during preimaginal stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mereghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bessem Chouaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Limonta
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti la Nutrizione, l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Patrizia Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti la Nutrizione, l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Montagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Collymore C, Giuliano F, Banks EK. Head Tilt in Immunodeficient Mice Due to Contamination of Drinking Water by Burkholderia gladioli. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 58:246-250. [PMID: 30764891 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunodeficient mice in multiple holding rooms presented with head tilt, circling, spinning when picked up by the tail, dehydration, and lethargy. Burkholderia gladioli, a plant pathogen, was identified as the causative agent. Environmental testing revealed the presence of B. gladioli within the automatic watering system, water bottles, and sipper tubes. Here we describe steps taken to reduce the presence of this organism within the automatic watering system and water bottles. Facilities housing immunodeficient mice should take measures to minimize the accumulation of biofilm within their water-supply systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chereen Collymore
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Animal Care and Veterinary Services, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Giuliano
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Kate Banks
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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In Vitro Activity of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Burkholderia cepacia Complex and Burkholderia gladioli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00766-17. [PMID: 28674053 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00766-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the activities of ceftolozane-tazobactam and 13 other antimicrobial agents against 221 strains of Burkholderia cepacia complex and Burkholderia gladioli Most strains (82%) were cultured from persons with cystic fibrosis, and most (85%) were recovered since 2011. The ceftolozane-tazobactam MIC was ≤8 μg/ml for 77% of the strains. However, the MIC range was broad (≤0.5 to >64 μg/ml; MIC50/90, 2/32 μg/ml). Significant differences in susceptibility to some antimicrobial agents were observed between species.
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Kenna DTD, Lilley D, Coward A, Martin K, Perry C, Pike R, Hill R, Turton JF. Prevalence of Burkholderia species, including members of Burkholderia cepacia complex, among UK cystic and non-cystic fibrosis patients. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:490-501. [PMID: 28463663 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to establish the prevalence of different Burkholderia species among UK cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients over a 2 year period. METHODOLOGY Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was used to identify isolates to genus level, followed by recA/gyrB sequence clustering or species-specific PCR. In all, 1047 Burkholderia isolates were submitted for identification from 361 CF patients and 112 non-CF patients, 25 from the hospital environment and three from a commercial company. Potential cross-infection was assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi- locus-sequence typing (MLST). MICs were determined for 161 Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) isolates. CF Trust registry data were sought to examine clinical parameters relating to Bcc infection. RESULTS Burkholderia multivorans was the most prevalent species among CF patients affecting 56 % (192) patients, followed by Burkholderia cenocepacia IIIA (15 %; 52 patients). Five novel recA clusters were found. Among non-CF patients, Burkholderia cepacia was the most prevalent species (37/112; 34 %), with 18 of 40 isolates part of a UK-wide B. cepacia 'cluster'. This and three other clusters were investigated by PFGE and MLST. Cable-pili positive isolates included two novel sequence types and representatives of ET12. Antibiotic susceptibility varied between and within species and CF/non- CF isolates. CF Trust registry data suggested no significant difference in lung function between patients harbouring B. cenocepacia, B. multivorans and other Bcc species (P=0.81). CONCLUSION The dominance of B. multivorans in CF, the presence of a B. cepacia cluster among non-CF patients and the existence of putative novel species all highlighted the continuing role of Burkholderia species as opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dervla T D Kenna
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Daniel Lilley
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Amy Coward
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Kate Martin
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Claire Perry
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Rachel Pike
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Robert Hill
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Jane F Turton
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (AMRHAI) Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK
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22
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Abstract
In the 1990s several biocontrol agents on that contained Burkholderia strains were registered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). After risk assessment these products were withdrawn from the market and a moratorium was placed on the registration of Burkholderia-containing products, as these strains may pose a risk to human health. However, over the past few years the number of novel Burkholderia species that exhibit plant-beneficial properties and are normally not isolated from infected patients has increased tremendously. In this commentary we wish to summarize recent efforts that aim at discerning pathogenic from beneficial Burkholderia strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zürich, Zurich, CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Martinucci M, Roscetto E, Iula VD, Votsi A, Catania MR, De Gregorio E. Accurate identification of members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis sputum. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:221-9. [PMID: 26671758 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a group of closely related species which includes opportunistic pathogens causing chronic respiratory infections in immunocompromised patients, or individuals affected by cystic fibrosis (CF). Other Burkholderia species causing infection in the CF population are Burkholderia gladioli and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Traditional phenotypic analyses have been demonstrated to be inadequate for reliable identifications of isolates of BCC and B. gladioli. A pan-genomic analysis approach was used to design species-specific probes for Burkholderia cenocepacia, B. cepacia, Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia vietnamiensis, Burkholderia ambifaria, Burkholderia dolosa, Burkholderia pyrrocinia and B. gladioli. Multiplex real-time PCR assay was developed and tested using sputum specimens collected from CF patients spiked with Burkholderia species. The assay exhibited 100% sensitivity for all eight target species and detected 10(2) to 10(3) CFU ml(-1) when applied to spiked sputum. Our PCR assay resulted highly specific for each of the Burkholderia species tested, allowing discrimination among Burkholderia and non-Burkholderia pathogens. Analysis carried out on 200 sputa positive for the presence of Burkholderia revealed that PCR assay and recA sequencing were fully comparable for identification of Burkholderia at the level of species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) has a complex taxonomic organization and its identification is a challenge for microbiology laboratories. Nonidentification or misidentification of BCC isolates represent a problem in epidemiology and treatment of cystic fibrosis patients. The high specificity and sensitivity of the multiplex Real-time PCR assay developed in this study indicates its potential to be a rapid and reliable method for the detection of Burkholderia at the level of species from sputum samples of cystic fibrosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - E Roscetto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - V D Iula
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Votsi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - M R Catania
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - E De Gregorio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Naughton LM, An SQ, Hwang I, Chou SH, He YQ, Tang JL, Ryan RP, Dow JM. Functional and genomic insights into the pathogenesis of B
urkholderia
species to rice. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:780-90. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Naughton
- School of Microbiology; Biosciences Institute; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - Shi-qi An
- Division of Molecular Microbiology; College of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
| | - Ingyu Hwang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-921 South Korea
| | - Shan-Ho Chou
- National Chung Hsing University Biotechnology Center; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung 40227 Taiwan
| | - Yong-Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering; College of Life Science and Technology; Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Ji-Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources; The Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Microbial and Plant Genetic Engineering; College of Life Science and Technology; Guangxi University; 100 Daxue Road Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Robert P. Ryan
- Division of Molecular Microbiology; College of Life Sciences; University of Dundee; Dundee UK
| | - J. Maxwell Dow
- School of Microbiology; Biosciences Institute; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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Helfrich EJN, Piel J. Biosynthesis of polyketides by trans-AT polyketide synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:231-316. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the biosynthesis of natural products that are generated bytrans-AT polyketide synthases, a family of catalytically versatile enzymes that represents one of the major group of proteins involved in the production of bioactive polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. N. Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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Dueholm MS, Otzen D, Nielsen PH. Evolutionary insight into the functional amyloids of the pseudomonads. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76630. [PMID: 24116129 PMCID: PMC3792158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional bacterial amyloids (FuBA) are important components in many environmental biofilms where they provide structural integrity to the biofilm, mediate bacterial aggregation and may function as virulence factor by binding specifically to host cell molecules. A novel FuBA system, the Fap system, was previously characterized in the genus Pseudomonas, however, very little is known about the phylogenetic diversity of bacteria with the genetic capacity to apply this system. Studies of genomes and public metagenomes from a diverse range of habitats showed that the Fap system is restricted to only three classes in the phylum Proteobacteria, the Beta-, Gamma- and Deltaproteobacteria. The structural organization of the fap genes into a single fapABCDEF operon is well conserved with minor variations such as a frequent deletion of fapA. A high degree of variation was seen within the primary structure of the major Fap fibril monomers, FapC, whereas the minor monomers, FapB, showed less sequence variation. Comparison of phylogenetic trees based on Fap proteins and the 16S rRNA gene of the corresponding bacteria showed remarkably similar overall topology. This indicates, that horizontal gene transfer is an infrequent event in the evolution of the Fap system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S. Dueholm
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Centre for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Sim BTT, Browne SK, Vigliani M, Zachary D, Rosen L, Holland SM, Opal SM. Recurrent Burkholderia gladioli Suppurative Lymphadenitis associated with Neutralizing Anti-IL-12p70 Autoantibodies. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:1057-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Impact of multidrug-resistant organisms on patients considered for lung transplantation. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2013; 27:343-58. [PMID: 23714344 DOI: 10.1016/j.idc.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Infections with multidrug-resistant organisms are a growing problem in lung transplant recipients. Carriage of drug-resistant bacteria and fungi before transplantation is an important risk factor for such infections. In that regard Pseudomonas aeruginosa and species of Burkholderia, Acinetobacter, non-tuberculous mycobacteria and Scedosporium are particularly important. An understanding of the impact of these organisms is essential to the evaluation of lung transplant candidates. The microbiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and approach to these pathogens before transplant are reviewed in this article.
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Phylogenetic analysis of burkholderia species by multilocus sequence analysis. Curr Microbiol 2013; 67:51-60. [PMID: 23404651 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-013-0330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia comprises more than 60 species of environmental, clinical, and agro-biotechnological relevance. Previous phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA, recA, gyrB, rpoB, and acdS gene sequences as well as genome sequence comparisons of different Burkholderia species have revealed two major species clusters. In this study, we undertook a multilocus sequence analysis of 77 type and reference strains of Burkholderia using atpD, gltB, lepA, and recA genes in combination with the 16S rRNA gene sequence and employed maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining criteria to test this further. The phylogenetic analysis revealed, with high supporting values, distinct lineages within the genus Burkholderia. The two large groups were named A and B, whereas the B. rhizoxinica/B. endofungorum, and B. andropogonis groups consisted of two and one species, respectively. The group A encompasses several plant-associated and saprophytic bacterial species. The group B comprises the B. cepacia complex (opportunistic human pathogens), the B. pseudomallei subgroup, which includes both human and animal pathogens, and an assemblage of plant pathogenic species. The distinct lineages present in Burkholderia suggest that each group might represent a different genus. However, it will be necessary to analyze the full set of Burkholderia species and explore whether enough phenotypic features exist among the different clusters to propose that these groups should be considered separate genera.
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Morita Y, Tomida J, Kawamura Y. MexXY multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:408. [PMID: 23233851 PMCID: PMC3516279 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-pseudomonas aminoglycosides, such as amikacin and tobramycin, are used in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. However, their use is linked to the development of resistance. During the last decade, the MexXY multidrug efflux system has been comprehensively studied, and numerous reports of laboratory and clinical isolates have been published. This system has been increasingly recognized as one of the primary determinants of aminoglycoside resistance in P. aeruginosa. In P. aeruginosa cystic fibrosis isolates, upregulation of the pump is considered the most common mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance. Non-fermentative Gram-negative pathogens possessing very close MexXY orthologs such as Achromobacter xylosoxidans and various Burkholderia species (e.g., Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. cepacia complexes), but not B. gladioli, are intrinsically resistant to aminoglycosides. Here, we summarize the properties (e.g., discovery, mechanism, gene expression, clinical significance) of the P. aeruginosa MexXY pump and other aminoglycoside efflux pumps such as AcrD of Escherichia coli, AmrAB-OprA of B. pseudomallei, and AdeABC of Acinetobacter baumannii. MexXY inducibility of the PA5471 gene product, which is dependent on ribosome inhibition or oxidative stress, is noteworthy. Moreover, the discovery of the cognate outer membrane component (OprA) of MexXY in the multidrug-resistant clinical isolate PA7, serotype O12 deserves special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Morita
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya, Japan
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Dursun A, Zenciroglu A, Karagol BS, Hakan N, Okumus N, Gol N, Tanir G. Burkholderia gladioli sepsis in newborns. Eur J Pediatr 2012; 171:1503-9. [PMID: 22648018 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-012-1756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Burkholderia gladioli is a rare cause of bacteremia and sepsis in the absence of such predisposing factors as chronic granulomatous disease, cystic fibrosis, and immunosuppression. Little is known about B. gladioli infection in newborns. The aim of this study was to present the features of B. gladioli infection in newborns. Clinicopathological characteristics, patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility, predisposing factors, and outcomes of B. gladioli bloodstream infection were retrospectively analyzed in newborns treated between 2008 and 2011. During the 3-year study period, B. gladioli was isolated from the blood cultures of 14 patients (3.7 per 1,000 admissions). In all, 5 (35.7 %) of the 14 cases had a positive blood culture at the time of initial admission. Primary diagnoses in the neonates were severe major congenital anomalies, congenital leukemia, prematurity with respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia, and parapneumonic pleural effusion. In total, 10 (71.4 %) of the patients underwent ≥2 invasive procedures. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 21.4 %, whereas the mortality rate due to B. gladioli infection was 7 %. CONCLUSION B. gladioli might be a causative microorganism of both early neonatal and nosocomial sepsis in newborns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on B. gladioli infection in newborns. Invasive procedures and severe major congenital anomalies may be predisposing factors for B. gladioli bloodstream infection in neonates. Although it appears to have low pathogenic potential and an insidious clinical course in newborns, resistance to antibiotics may be a potential problem. Mortality was primarily associated with underlying diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Dursun
- Department of Neonatology, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Biosynthesis of the Respiratory Toxin Bongkrekic Acid in the Pathogenic Bacterium Burkholderia gladioli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:1164-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Burkholderia gladioli - a predictor of poor outcome in cystic fibrosis patients who receive lung transplants? A case of locally invasive rhinosinusitis and persistent bacteremia in a 36-year-old lung transplant recipient with cystic fibrosis. Can Respir J 2012; 18:e64-5. [PMID: 22059186 DOI: 10.1155/2011/304179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been very few reports describing postlung transplant outcomes in patients' infected⁄colonized with Burkholderia gladioli pretransplant. A case involving a lung transplant recipient with cystic fibrosis who ultimately died as a result of severe rhinosinusitis due to B gladioli infection in the context of postlung transplant immunosuppression is reported.
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Bharti P, Anand V, Chander J, Singh IP, Singh TV, Tewari R. Heat stable antimicrobial activity of Burkholderia gladioli OR1 against clinical drug resistant isolates. Indian J Med Res 2012; 135:666-71. [PMID: 22771597 PMCID: PMC3401698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Drug resistant microbes are a serious challenge to human health. During the search for novel antibiotics/inhibitors from the agricultural soil, a bacterial colony was found to inhibit the growth of clinical isolates including Staphylococcus (resistant to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, clinafloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and methicillin) and Candida (resistant to fluconazole and itraconazole). The culture was identified as Burkholderia gladioli and produced at least five different antimicrobial compounds which were highly stable at high temperature (121 o C) and in the broad pH range (3.0-11.0). We report here the antimicrobial activity of B. gladioli against drug resistant bacterial pathogens. METHODS The bacterial culture was identified using morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques. The antimicrobial activity of the identified organism against a range of microbial pathogens was checked by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial compounds in the cell free supernatant were chloroform-extracted and separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC). RESULTS B. gladioli OR1 exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against drug resistant clinical isolates belonging to various genera of bacteria (Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter and Citrobacter) and a fungus (Candida). Based on TLC profile and bioautography studies, the chloroform extract of B. gladioli OR1 consisted of at least three anti-staphylococcal and two anti-Candida metabolites. The antimicrobial activity was heat stable (121 o C/20 min) as well as pH stable (3.0-11.0). INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The bacterial soil isolate, B. gladioli OR1 possessed the ability to kill various drug resistant bacteria and a fungus. This organism produced many antimicrobial metabolites which might have the potential to be used as antibiotics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Bharti
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivek Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jagdish Chander
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Inder Pal Singh
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Tej Vir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupinder Tewari
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India,Reprint requests: Prof. R. Tewari, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India e-mail:
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Phoenix 100 versus Vitek 2 in the identification of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: a comprehensive meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:3284-91. [PMID: 21752980 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00182-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phoenix 100 and Vitek 2 (operating with the current colorimetric cards) are commonly used in hospital laboratories for rapid identification of microorganisms. The present meta-analysis aims to evaluate and compare their performance on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The MEDLINE database was searched up to October 2010 for the retrieval of relevant articles. Pooled correct identification rates were derived from random-effects models, using the arcsine transformation. Separate analyses were conducted at the genus and species levels; subanalyses and meta-regression were undertaken to reveal meaningful system- and study-related modifiers. A total of 29 (6,635 isolates) and 19 (4,363 isolates) articles were eligible for Phoenix and colorimetric Vitek 2, respectively. No significant differences were observed between Phoenix and Vitek 2 either at the genus (97.70% versus 97.59%, P = 0.919) or the species (92.51% versus 88.77%, P = 0.149) level. Studies conducted with conventional comparator methods tended to report significantly better results compared to those using molecular reference techniques. Speciation of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly more accurate in comparison to coagulase-negative staphylococci by both Phoenix (99.78% versus 88.42%, P < 0.00001) and Vitek 2 (98.22% versus 91.89%, P = 0.043). Vitek 2 also reached higher correct identification rates for Gram-negative fermenters versus nonfermenters at the genus (99.60% versus 95.90%, P = 0.004) and the species (97.42% versus 84.85%, P = 0.003) level. In conclusion, the accuracy of both systems seems modified by underlying sample- and comparator method-related parameters. Future simultaneous assessment of the instruments against molecular comparator procedures may facilitate interpretation of the current observations.
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Thompson G, Wickes B, Herrera M, Haman T, Lewis J, Jorgensen J. Disseminated Burkholderia gladioli infection in a lung transplant recipient with underlying hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis. Transpl Infect Dis 2011; 13:641-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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