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Eyles RF, Brooks HJL, Townsend CR, Burtenshaw GA, Heng NCK, Jack RW, Weinstein P. Comparison of Campylobacter jejuni PFGE and Penner subtypes in human infections and in water samples from the Taieri River catchment of New Zealand. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 101:18-25. [PMID: 16834587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02945.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the degree of overlap in strain types of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from clinical cases and water samples from the Taieri catchment in the South Island of New Zealand. METHODS AND RESULTS Thermophilic Campylobacter were collected from human cases of infection, the main stem of the Taieri River and streams within distinct land-use types over a 1-year period. Campylobacter jejuni (187 isolates) and Campylobacter lari (four isolates) were identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction protocol. Isolates were typed by the Penner method and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) utilizing two restriction endonucleases. Several serotypes and PFGE types occurred in both water samples and clinical cases when the restriction profiles for each enzyme were considered separately. However, when PFGE profiles and serotyping were combined, there was no overlap between Camp. jejuni types from water and clinical cases. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that recreational water in the Taieri catchment is not a major source of campylobacteriosis in the Dunedin area. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study suggests the risk of acquiring campylobacteriosis from surface waters in the Taieri catchment is considerably lower than previously predicted and highlights the necessity of using two endonucleases in PFGE typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Eyles
- Ecology and Health Research Centre, Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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2
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Fang SW, Yang CJ, Shih DYC, Chou CC, Yu RC. Amplified fragment length polymorphism, serotyping, and quinolone resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from chicken-related samples and humans in Taiwan. J Food Prot 2006; 69:775-83. [PMID: 16629019 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.4.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The high-resolution genotyping method of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was used to study the genetic relationships between Campylobacter jejuni isolates from chicken-related samples (n = 32) and humans (n = 27) as well as between Campylobacter coli isolates from chicken-related samples (n = 27) and humans (n = 5). These isolates were collected between 1994 and 2003 in Taiwan. All C. jejuni and C. coli isolates showed highly heterogeneous fingerprints. C. jejuni isolates were separated in two distinct genetic clusters (A and B) at 40% genetic similarity and 42 different AFLP types at 90% similarity. However, three clusters at 40% genetic similarity and 33 different AFLP types at 90% similarity were observed in C. coli isolates. These results showed that AFLP analysis could be used to identify individual isolates of two Campylobacter species. Among C. jejuni isolates, the predominant AFLP type 1 was observed in five (7.9%) isolates, and types 5 and 12 in four (6.3%) isolates each. Cluster B consisted of 10 isolates, while the majority of isolates (n = 53) belonged to cluster A. In some AFLP types (1, 5, 12, 14 and 31), AFLP fingerprints of chicken-related isolates were closely related genetically to those of isolates from humans with gastroenteritis. The predominant serotypes in C. jejuni isolates were B:2 and Y:37. All isolates belonging to serotype O:19 grouped into one single AFLP type. Some chicken samples yielded multiple isolates of Campylobacter harboring simultaneously quinolone-resistant and quinolone-sensitive isolates attributed to the same species, or harboring C. jejuni and C. coli that have the characteristics of quinolone resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao W Fang
- Division of Food Microbiology, Bureau of Food and Drug Analysis, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Clark CG, Bryden L, Cuff WR, Johnson PL, Jamieson F, Ciebin B, Wang G. Use of the oxford multilocus sequence typing protocol and sequencing of the flagellin short variable region to characterize isolates from a large outbreak of waterborne Campylobacter sp. strains in Walkerton, Ontario, Canada. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:2080-91. [PMID: 15872226 PMCID: PMC1153734 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.5.2080-2091.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Walkerton (Ontario, Canada) outbreak of waterborne Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter jejuni was quite limited in both space and time, making it a good model for exploring the utility of different typing and subtyping methods for the characterization of relationships among isolates of these organisms. We have extended previous work with these organisms through analysis by the Oxford multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and the flagellin short variable region (fla-SVR) sequencing methods. Additional isolates not epidemiologically related to the Walkerton outbreak have also been included. Both sequencing methods identified and differentiated between Walkerton outbreak strains 1 and 2. When these strains were compared with isolates that were not part of the outbreak, the information produced by the fla-SVR method more often correlated with epidemiological findings than that produced by MLST, though both methods were required for optimal discrimination. The MLST data were more relevant in terms of the overall population structure of the organisms. Both mutation and recombination appeared to be responsible for generating diversity among the isolates tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford G Clark
- Bacteriology and Enteric Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada.
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Clark CG, Price L, Ahmed R, Woodward DL, Melito PL, Rodgers FG, Jamieson F, Ciebin B, Li A, Ellis A. Characterization of waterborne outbreak-associated Campylobacter jejuni, Walkerton, Ontario. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 9:1232-41. [PMID: 14609457 PMCID: PMC3033067 DOI: 10.3201/eid0910.020584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Walkerton, Canada, waterborne outbreak of 2000 resulted from entry of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter spp. from neighboring farms into the town water supply. Isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli obtained from outbreak investigations were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic methods, including heat-stable and heat-labile serotyping, phage typing, biotyping, fla–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Two main outbreak strains were identified on the basis of heat-stable serotyping and fla-RFLP typing. These strains produced a limited number of types when tested by other methods. Isolates with types indistinguishable from, or similar to, the outbreak types were found only on one farm near the town of Walkerton, whereas cattle from other farms carried a variety of Campylobacter strains with different type characteristics. Results of these analyses confirmed results from epidemiologic studies and the utility of using several different typing and subtyping methods for completely characterizing bacterial populations.
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Dingle KE, Colles FM, Ure R, Wagenaar JA, Duim B, Bolton FJ, Fox AJ, Wareing DRA, Maiden MCJ. Molecular characterization of Campylobacter jejuni clones: a basis for epidemiologic investigation. Emerg Infect Dis 2002. [PMID: 12194772 PMCID: PMC2732546 DOI: 10.3201/eid0809.02-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 814 isolates of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and analysis of the variation of two cell-surface components: the heat-stable (HS) serotyping antigen and the flagella protein FlaA short variable region (SVR). We identified 379 combinations of the MLST loci (sequence types) and 215 combinations of the cell-surface components among these isolates, which had been obtained from human disease, animals, food, and the environment. Despite this diversity, 748 (92%) of the isolates belonged to one of 17 clonal complexes, 6 of which contained many (318, 63%) of the human disease isolates. Several clonal complexes exhibited associations with isolation source or particular cell-surface components; however, the latter were poorly predictive of clonal complex. These data demonstrate that the clonal complex, as defined by MLST, is an epidemiologically relevant unit for both long and short-term investigations of C. jejuni epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Dingle
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Dingle KE, Colles FM, Ure R, Wagenaar JA, Duim B, Bolton FJ, Fox AJ, Wareing DR, Maiden MC. Molecular characterization of Campylobacter jejuni clones: a basis for epidemiologic investigation. Emerg Infect Dis 2002; 8:949-55. [PMID: 12194772 PMCID: PMC2732546 DOI: 10.3201/eid0809.020122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 814 isolates of the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and analysis of the variation of two cell-surface components: the heat-stable (HS) serotyping antigen and the flagella protein FlaA short variable region. We identified 379 combinations of the MLST loci (sequence types) and 215 combinations of the cell-surface components among these isolates, which had been obtained from human disease, animals, food, and the environment. Despite this diversity, 748 (92%) of the isolates belonged to one of 17 clonal complexes, 6 of which contained many (318, 63%) of the human disease isolates. Several clonal complexes exhibited associations with isolation source or particular cell-surface components; however, the latter were poorly predictive of clonal complex. These data demonstrate that the clonal complex, as defined by MLST, is an epidemiologically relevant unit for both long and short-term investigations of C. jejuni epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Dingle
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; †Public Health Laboratory, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M. Colles
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; †Public Health Laboratory, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Roisin Ure
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; †Public Health Laboratory, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom
- Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, the Netherlands
- Public Health Laboratory, Withington Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jaap A. Wagenaar
- Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Frederick J. Bolton
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; †Public Health Laboratory, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom
- Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, the Netherlands
- Public Health Laboratory, Withington Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Fox
- Public Health Laboratory, Withington Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David R.A. Wareing
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; †Public Health Laboratory, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom
- Institute for Animal Science and Health, Lelystad, the Netherlands
- Public Health Laboratory, Withington Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C.J. Maiden
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; †Public Health Laboratory, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, United Kingdom
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Wareing DRA, Bolton FJ, Fox AJ, Wright PA, Greenway DLA. Phenotypic diversity of Campylobacter isolates from sporadic cases of human enteritis in the UK. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92:502-9. [PMID: 11872126 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to identify and subtype a large collection of isolates of Campylobacter spp. to quantify diversity among strains causing human disease from geographically diverse sources in the United Kingdom. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolates were characterized by the Penner serotyping scheme, Preston phage typing and biotyping methods. The diversity index calculated from the combined results of all three methods was 0.997 and indicated that isolates from sporadic cases of infection are very diverse. Strong associations between common phagetypes (PG52, PG121 and PG55) and the three most common serotypes (HS1, HS2 and HS4) found in the study were evident. CONCLUSIONS Strains of C. jejuni causing human infections in the United Kingdom are very phenotypically diverse. Individual strains characterized by serotype, phagetype and biotype were detected throughout the 7-month study period and from geographically distinct sources, indicating an unrecognized outbreak or other epidemiologically significant source of human infection. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The low frequency incidence of most C. jejuni strains should enable easy recognition of outbreaks by strain type surveillance at local, regional and national level in the United Kingdom. The characterization of common strain profiles in this study by simple phenotypic methods could provide the basis for strain specific epidemiological studies for reservoirs of infection and transmission routes for human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R A Wareing
- Public Health Laboratory, Royal Preston Hospital, PO Box 202, Preston PR2 9HG, UK.
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Woodward DL, Rodgers FG. Identification of Campylobacter heat-stable and heat-labile antigens by combining the Penner and Lior serotyping schemes. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:741-5. [PMID: 11880386 PMCID: PMC120291 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.3.741-745.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David L Woodward
- National Laboratory for Enteric Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Hänninen ML, Perko-Mäkelä P, Rautelin H, Duim B, Wagenaar JA. Genomic relatedness within five common Finnish Campylobacter jejuni pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes studied by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, ribotyping, and serotyping. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:1581-6. [PMID: 11282608 PMCID: PMC92772 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.4.1581-1586.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five Finnish Campylobacter jejuni strains with five SmaI/SacII pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes selected among human and chicken isolates from 1997 and 1998 were used for comparison of their PFGE patterns, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) patterns, HaeIII ribotypes, and heat-stable (HS) serotypes. The discriminatory power of PFGE, AFLP, and ribotyping with HaeIII were shown to be at the same level for this selected set of strains, and these methods assigned the strains into the same groups. The PFGE and AFLP patterns within a genotype were highly similar, indicating genetic relatedness. The same HS serotypes were distributed among different genotypes, and different serotypes were identified within one genotype. HS serotype 12 was only associated with the combined genotype G1 (PFGE-AFLP-ribotype). These studies using polyphasic genotyping methods suggested that common Finnish C. jejuni genotypes form genetic lineages which colonize both humans and chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Hänninen
- Department of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 57, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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Dingle KE, Colles FM, Wareing DR, Ure R, Fox AJ, Bolton FE, Bootsma HJ, Willems RJ, Urwin R, Maiden MC. Multilocus sequence typing system for Campylobacter jejuni. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:14-23. [PMID: 11136741 PMCID: PMC87672 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.1.14-23.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Campylobacter jejuni has extensive reservoirs in livestock and the environment and is a frequent cause of gastroenteritis in humans. To date, the lack of (i) methods suitable for population genetic analysis and (ii) a universally accepted nomenclature has hindered studies of the epidemiology and population biology of this organism. Here, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) system for this organism is described, which exploits the genetic variation present in seven housekeeping loci to determine the genetic relationships among isolates. The MLST system was established using 194 C. jejuni isolates of diverse origins, from humans, animals, and the environment. The allelic profiles, or sequence types (STs), of these isolates were deposited on the Internet (http://mlst.zoo.ox.ac.uk), forming a virtual isolate collection which could be continually expanded. These data indicated that C. jejuni is genetically diverse, with a weakly clonal population structure, and that intra- and interspecies horizontal genetic exchange was common. Of the 155 STs observed, 51 (26% of the isolate collection) were unique, with the remainder of the collection being categorized into 11 lineages or clonal complexes of related STs with between 2 and 56 members. In some cases membership in a given lineage or ST correlated with the possession of a particular Penner HS serotype. Application of this approach to further isolate collections will enable an integrated global picture of C. jejuni epidemiology to be established and will permit more detailed studies of the population genetics of this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Dingle
- Wellcome Trust Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3FY, United Kingdom
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Lucey B, Crowley D, Moloney P, Cryan B, Daly M, O'Halloran F, Threlfall EJ, Fanning S. Integronlike structures in Campylobacter spp. of human and animal origin. Emerg Infect Dis 2000; 6:50-5. [PMID: 10653570 PMCID: PMC2627975 DOI: 10.3201/eid0601.000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobial agents used to treat severe Campylobacter spp. gastroenteritis is increasing worldwide. We assessed the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Campylobacter spp. isolates of human and animal origin. More than half (n = 32) were resistant to sulphonamide, a feature known to be associated with the presence of integrons. Analysis of these integrons will further our understanding of Campylobacter spp. epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lucey
- Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
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