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Vandamme P, Dawyndt P. Classification and identification of the Burkholderia cepacia complex: Past, present and future. Syst Appl Microbiol 2011; 34:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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SIDORENKO SV, SOLOMKA VS, KOZhUShNAYa OS, FRIGO NV, Sidorenko SV, Solomka VS, Kozhushnaya OS, Frigo NV. Methods for typing std pathogens (N. Gonorrhoeae, C. Trachomatis, T. Pallidum). VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2010. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic methods were initially used for bacterial typing yet they have a number of drawbacks limiting their use. Methods of molecular and genetic typing have become wide-spread today. Among these methods, bacterial typing based on multilocus sequence
typing (Multilocus Sequence Typing - MLST) has been developing at the fastest rate. However, schemes of molecular
and genetic typing of STD pathogens as compared to other bacteria are insufficiently developed, which considerably complicates
the planning of measures aimed at the reduction of their spread.
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3
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Chen TL, Siu LK, Wu RCC, Shaio MF, Huang LY, Fung CP, Lee CM, Cho WL. Comparison of one-tube multiplex PCR, automated ribotyping and intergenic spacer (ITS) sequencing for rapid identification of Acinetobacter baumannii. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:801-6. [PMID: 17488329 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a serious cause of nosocomial infections. Rapid identification of this pathogen is required so that appropriate therapy can be given and outbreaks controlled. This study evaluated a multiplex PCR and an automated ribotyping system for the rapid identification of Acinetobacter baumannii. In total, 22 different reference strains and 138 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp., identified by 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS) sequence analysis, were evaluated. All A. baumannii isolates (82 clinical isolates and one reference strain) were identified by the multiplex PCR method (specificity 100%). The sensitivity and specificity of the ribotyping system for identification of A. baumannii were 85.5% (71/83) and 93.5% (72/77), respectively. An additional 100 clinical isolates belonging to the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-A. baumannii complex were used to compare these two methods for identification of A. baumannii, and this comparison revealed a level of disagreement of 14% (14 isolates). The accuracy of the multiplex PCR was 100%, which was confirmed by sequence analysis of the ITS and recA gene of these isolates. Thus, the multiplex PCR method dramatically increased the efficiency and speed of A. baumannii identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-L Chen
- Section of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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van Belkum A, Tassios PT, Dijkshoorn L, Haeggman S, Cookson B, Fry NK, Fussing V, Green J, Feil E, Gerner-Smidt P, Brisse S, Struelens M. Guidelines for the validation and application of typing methods for use in bacterial epidemiology. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13 Suppl 3:1-46. [PMID: 17716294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For bacterial typing to be useful, the development, validation and appropriate application of typing methods must follow unified criteria. Over a decade ago, ESGEM, the ESCMID (Europen Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases) Study Group on Epidemiological Markers, produced guidelines for optimal use and quality assessment of the then most frequently used typing procedures. We present here an update of these guidelines, taking into account the spectacular increase in the number and quality of typing methods made available over the past decade. Newer and older, phenotypic and genotypic methods for typing of all clinically relevant bacterial species are described according to their principles, advantages and disadvantages. Criteria for their evaluation and application and the interpretation of their results are proposed. Finally, the issues of reporting, standardisation, quality assessment and international networks are discussed. It must be emphasised that typing results can never stand alone and need to be interpreted in the context of all available epidemiological, clinical and demographical data relating to the infectious disease under investigation. A strategic effort on the part of all workers in the field is thus mandatory to combat emerging infectious diseases, as is financial support from national and international granting bodies and health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van Belkum
- Erasmus MC, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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5
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Sheffield C, Andrews K, Harvey R, Crippen T, Nisbet D. Dereplication by automated ribotyping of a competitive exclusion culture bacterial isolate library. J Food Prot 2006; 69:228-32. [PMID: 16416925 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.1.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Concerns over the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria within the food animal industry have intensified the search for natural approaches to the prevention and treatment of bacterial diseases. Competitive exclusion cultures are the foundation of a disease-management strategy based on the use of benign bacterial strains to prevent the establishment of pathogenic bacteria within a specific host. Differentiation of phenotypically ambiguous isolates is a critical step in establishing a manageable library of bacteria for use in the development of defined competitive exclusion cultures. We used automated ribotyping techniques to dereplicate a large collection of phenotypically ambiguous isolates from a continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture. A total of 157 isolates were screened following an EcoRI restriction enzyme digestion. The 157 isolates were resolved into 23 ribogroups, which represents an 85% reduction in the number of isolates in the bacterial isolate library. Seventy-six percent of the isolates fit into one of five ribogroups. This work demonstrated that automated ribotyping is an effective and efficient tool for dereplication of diverse bacterial isolate libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Sheffield
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA.
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6
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Brisse S, Cordevant C, Vandamme P, Bidet P, Loukil C, Chabanon G, Lange M, Bingen E. Species distribution and ribotype diversity of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from French patients with cystic fibrosis. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:4824-7. [PMID: 15472352 PMCID: PMC522310 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.10.4824-4827.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 153 Burkholderia cepacia strains obtained from 153 French patients with cystic fibrosis were identified as Burkholderia multivorans (51.6%) or Burkholderia cenocepacia (45.1%). Eighty-two genotypes were identified using PvuII and EcoRI ribotyping. B. multivorans genotype A (found in 32 French patients) and two other genotypes were also identified among isolates from Austrian, German, Italian, and Canadian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Brisse
- Unité Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergents (U389 INSERM), Institut Pasteur Paris, France
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7
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Souza AV, Moreira CR, Pasternak J, Hirata MDL, Saltini DA, Caetano VC, Ciosak S, Azevedo FM, Severino P, Vandamme P, Magalhães VD. Characterizing uncommon Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from an outbreak in a haemodialysis unit. J Med Microbiol 2004; 53:999-1005. [PMID: 15358822 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.45702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of bacteraemia in a haemodialysis unit where 65 episodes of infection involved 35 outpatients is reported. Burkholderia cepacia complex was the agent most frequently recovered from blood. Thirty-three environmental and clinical isolates of B. cepacia complex were characterized by whole-cell protein electrophoresis and recA-RFLP profile. Fourteen isolates were genomovar I and 16 isolates were not classifiable by their recA-RFLP pattern. Ribotyping, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and integron profile were used to explore the clonality of the isolates, and revealed multiple strain genotypes. Four ribotypes and RAPD types and three integron patterns were identified. The water supply was identified as the source of the outbreak, and inappropriate cleaning and a leak in the reverse osmosis tubing connection were the probable causes of contamination. B. cepacia complex was still recovered from blood of patients even after apparently adequate measures were taken and water quality standards were met, suggesting that higher standards for water quality should be adopted in haemodialysis units. The genomovars recovered here were distinct from those commonly reported for cystic fibrosis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea V Souza
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Cláudia R Moreira
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jacyr Pasternak
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Maria de Lurdes Hirata
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Denise Alves Saltini
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Viviane Cristina Caetano
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Suely Ciosak
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Fátima M Azevedo
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Patricia Severino
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandamme
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vanda D Magalhães
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein - Av. Albert Einstein 627, 05651-901, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 2Infection Control Service, Hospital da Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Infection Control Service, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil 4Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
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8
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Okatani TA, Ishikawa M, Yoshida SI, Sekiguchi M, Tanno K, Ogawa M, Horikita T, Horisaka T, Taniguchi T, Kato Y, Hayashidani H. Automated ribotyping, a rapid typing method for analysis of Erysipelothrix spp. strains. J Vet Med Sci 2004; 66:729-33. [PMID: 15240953 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.66.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated ribotyping classified 70 Erysipelothrix species strains, previously classified into 14 RAPD patterns and into 63 PFGE patterns, into 27 ribogroups. Twenty-three strains of the 70 analyzed and classified into 13 ribogroups were previously classified into six ribotypes by the traditional ribotyping method. Moreover, automated ribotyping differentiated seven strains that were not differentiated by PFGE. Therefore, automated ribotyping was more sensitive than RAPD and traditional ribotyping, and it might be a useful method for a rapid screening in epidemiological study of strains of this genus, and more accurate results can be obtained when this method is used together with PFGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Alexandre Okatani
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
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9
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Grif K, Dierich MP, Much P, Hofer E, Allerberger F. Identifying and subtyping species of dangerous pathogens by automated ribotyping. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 47:313-20. [PMID: 12967744 DOI: 10.1016/s0732-8893(03)00095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An investigation of dangerous bacterial pathogens was conducted to determine the usefulness of automated rRNA operon ribotyping (RiboPrinter system) to identify species. A total of 26 isolates comprising Bacillus anthracis, Brucella spp., Burkholderia mallei, Francisella tularensis, and Yersinia pestis were tested using restriction endonucleases EcoRI, PstI, PvuII and AseI. The main problem was that the system's database-relying on EcoRI as restriction enzyme-does not contain the essential dangerous pathogens. B. anthracis was misidentified as B. cereus and Y. pestis as Y. pseudotuberculosis. Two isolates of F. tularensis ssp. holarctica were falsely identified as Vibrio cholerae. This study underscores that riboprint patterns generated with a single restriction enzyme are not always unique for each of the species tested. Using more than one enzyme, the RiboPrinter proved to be a valuable primary typing method. Databases of commercially available systems for the identification of bacteria should include the most important dangerous pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Grif
- Institute for Hygiene und Social Medicine, Fritz-Pregl-Str. 3, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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Ramisse V, Balandreau J, Thibault F, Vidal D, Vergnaud G, Normand P. DNA-DNA hybridization study of Burkholderia species using genomic DNA macro-array analysis coupled to reverse genome probing. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:739-746. [PMID: 12807195 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at simplifying procedures to delineate species and identify isolates based on DNA-DNA reassociation. DNA macro-arrays harbouring genomic DNA of reference strains of several Burkholderia species were produced. Labelled genomic DNA, hybridized to such an array, allowed multiple relative pairwise comparisons. Based on the relative DNA-DNA relatedness values, a complete data matrix was constructed and the ability of the method to discriminate strains belonging to different species was assessed. This simple approach led successfully to the discrimination of Burkholderia mallei from Burkholderia pseudomallei, but also discriminated Burkholderia cepacia genomovars I and III, Burkholderia multivorans, Burkholderia pyrrocinia, Burkholderia stabilis and Burkholderia vietnamiensis. Present data showed a sufficient degree of congruence with previous DNA-DNA reassociation techniques. As part of a polyphasic taxonomic scheme, this straightforward approach is proposed to improve species definition, especially for application in the rapid screening necessary for large numbers of clinical or environmental isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ramisse
- Centre d'Etudes du Bouchet (CEB), BP3, 91710 Vert le Petit, France
| | - Jacques Balandreau
- Écologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS, Bât. 741, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - François Thibault
- Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, BP87, 38702 La Tronche cedex, France
| | - Dominique Vidal
- Centre de Recherches du Service de Santé des Armées, BP87, 38702 La Tronche cedex, France
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Centre d'Etudes du Bouchet (CEB), BP3, 91710 Vert le Petit, France
| | - Philippe Normand
- Écologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS, Bât. 741, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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11
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Vandamme P, Holmes B, Coenye T, Goris J, Mahenthiralingam E, LiPuma JJ, Govan JRW. Burkholderia cenocepacia sp. nov.--a new twist to an old story. Res Microbiol 2003; 154:91-6. [PMID: 12648723 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2508(03)00026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA-DNA hybridisation experiments between isolates representing Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III recA lineages IIIA and IIIB reinforced the classification of both phylogenetic subgroups as a single genospecies, distinct from B. cepacia (genomovar I). A formal classification of B. cepacia genomovar III encompassing the recA lineages IIIA and IIIB, and the new recA lineages IIIC and IIID, as B. cenocepacia sp. nov., with LMG 16656 as the type strain, is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vandamme
- Laboratory of Microbiology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Abstract
Mapping, and ultimately preventing, the dissemination of infectious agents is an important topic in public health. Newly developed molecular-microbiological methods have contributed significantly to recent advances in the efficient tracking of the nosocomial and environmental spread of microbial pathogens. Not only has the application of novel technologies led to improved understanding of microbial epidemiology, but the concepts of population structure and dynamics of many of the medically significant microorganisms have advanced significantly also. Currently, genetic identification of microbes is also within the reach of clinical microbiology laboratory professionals including those without specialized technology research interests. This review summarizes the possibilities for high-throughput molecular-microbiological typing in adequately equipped medical microbiology laboratories from both clinical and fundamental research perspectives. First, the development and application of methods for large-scale comparative typing of serially isolated microbial strains are discussed. The outcome of studies employing these methods allows for long-term epidemiologic surveillance of infectious diseases. Second, recent methods enable an almost nucleotide-by-nucleotide genetic comparison of smaller numbers of strains, thereby facilitating the identification of the genetic basis of, for instance, medically relevant microbiological traits. Whereas the first approach provides insights into the dynamic spread of infectious agents, the second provides insights into intragenomic dynamics and genetic functionality. The current state of technology is summarized, and future perspectives are sketched.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van Belkum
- Erasmus MC, Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Storms V, van den Vreken N, Gillis M, Vandamme P. Evaluation of tRNA intergenic length polymorphism (tDNA-pCR) for the differentiation of the members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. Syst Appl Microbiol 2002; 25:376-85. [PMID: 12421075 DOI: 10.1078/0723-2020-00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, tentative identification of B. cepacia complex bacteria in routine diagnostic laboratories is based on a combination of selective media, conventional biochemical reactions, commercial test systems and PCR-based assays. Some of these assays have the capacity to discriminate reliably among several members of the B. cepacia complex, however one single method differentiating all B. cepacia-like organisms is not available. In this study, the applicability of tDNA-PCR for the differentiation and rapid identification of the different members of the B. cepacia complex was evaluated. For B. gladioli and most of the B. cepacia genomovars, differentiable patterns were obtained. For some of the members of the B. cepacia complex however, the tDNA-PCR patterns were very similar and sometimes multiple patterns existed within in a single genomovar. No distinction could be made between the tDNA-PCR patterns of B. vietnamiensis and B. pyrrocinia and of B. cepacia genomovars I and VIII respectively. We could conclude that, although tDNA-PCR is not sufficient as a single method to identify all the members of the B. cepacia complex unambiguously or to replace the currently used methods, it is a very fast and easily applicable method that could be a very useful tool for the differentiation and identification of B. cepacia-like organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Storms
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gent, Belgium.
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14
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Inglis TJJ, O'Reilly L, Foster N, Clair A, Sampson J. Comparison of rapid, automated ribotyping and DNA macrorestriction analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:3198-203. [PMID: 12202553 PMCID: PMC130727 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.9.3198-3203.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An automated ribotyping device (RiboPrinter) was used to determine the ribotypes of a collection of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. In a preliminary evaluation with the restriction enzymes BamHI and EcoRI, the protocol with EcoRI was more discriminating. The reproducibilities of the ribotypes obtained with EcoRI (EcoRI ribotypes) were determined by testing three levels of bacterial loads. The performance of the manufacturer's software was assessed by comparing the machine-optimized ribotypes with the type determined from the original gel image analyzed with Bionumerics software. The library of B. pseudomallei EcoRI ribotypes was then compared with the ribotypes obtained by DNA macrorestriction analysis of XbaI digests by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The typeability of B. pseudomallei by EcoRI ribotyping was 100%, and the discrimination index was 0.94. The slightly greater discrimination provided by DNA macrorestriction analysis (0.96) was achieved at the expense of a significantly longer processing time of 6 days, although the method was only half the cost of automated ribotyping. Typeability by macrorestriction analysis was lower (97%) unless a thiourea step was added to neutralize the action of Tris-dependent endonucleases. The digital record of B. pseudomallei isolates analyzed thus far provides a useful resource for future epidemiological studies and will help shorten the response time in the event of a further melioidosis outbreak or the deliberate release of B. pseudomallei as a biohazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J J Inglis
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Western Australian Centre for Pathology, Nedlands, Australia.
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15
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Vandamme P, Henry D, Coenye T, Nzula S, Vancanneyt M, LiPuma JJ, Speert DP, Govan JRW, Mahenthiralingam E. Burkholderia anthina sp. nov. and Burkholderia pyrrocinia, two additional Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria, may confound results of new molecular diagnostic tools. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2002; 33:143-9. [PMID: 12052570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2002.tb00584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nineteen Burkholderia cepacia-like isolates of human and environmental origin could not be assigned to one of the seven currently established genomovars using recently developed molecular diagnostic tools for B. cepacia complex bacteria. Various genotypic and phenotypic characteristics were examined. The results of this polyphasic study allowed classification of the 19 isolates as an eighth B. cepacia complex genomovar (Burkholderia anthina sp. nov.) and to design tools for its identification in the diagnostic laboratory. In addition, new and published data for Burkholderia pyrrocinia indicated that this soil bacterium is also a member of the B. cepacia complex. This highlights another potential source for diagnostic problems with B. cepacia-like bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vandamme
- Laboratorium voor Microbiologie, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Brisse S, Fussing V, Ridwan B, Verhoef J, Willems RJL. Automated ribotyping of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:1977-84. [PMID: 12037051 PMCID: PMC130812 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.6.1977-1984.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) strains represent an important threat in hospital infections in the United States and are found at high frequencies in both the community and farm animals in Europe. We evaluated automated ribotyping for interlaboratory reproducibility by using the restriction enzymes EcoRI and BamHI and compared ribotyping to both amplification of fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to assess its discriminatory power and capacity for the identification of epidemiologically important strains. Of 19 (EcoRI) and 16 (BamHI) isolates tested in duplicate in two laboratories, 18 (95%) and 16 (100%), respectively, showed reproducible ribotypes. These high reproducibility rates were obtained only after manual refinement of the automated fingerprint analysis. A group of 49 VREF strains initially selected to represent 32 distinct AFLP types were separated into 28 EcoRI ribotypes, 25 BamHI ribotypes, and 28 sequence types. Ribotyping with EcoRI and BamHI was able to discern the host-specific genogroups recently disclosed by AFLP typing and MLST and to distinguish most strains containing the esp gene, a marker specific for strains causing hospital outbreaks. An expandable ribotype identification library was created. We recommend EcoRI as the enzyme of choice for automated ribotyping of VREF strains. Given the high level of discrimination of VREF strains, the high rate of interlaboratory reproducibility, and the potential for the identification of epidemiologically important genotypes, automated ribotyping appears to be a very valuable approach for characterizing VREF strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Brisse
- Eijkman-Winkler Institute, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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17
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Brisse S, Stefani S, Verhoef J, Van Belkum A, Vandamme P, Goessens W. Comparative evaluation of the BD Phoenix and VITEK 2 automated instruments for identification of isolates of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:1743-8. [PMID: 11980954 PMCID: PMC130956 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.5.1743-1748.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated two new automated identification systems, the BD Phoenix (Becton Dickinson) and the VITEK 2 (bioMérieux), for identification of isolates of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC). The test sample included 42 isolates of the highly virulent and epidemic genomovar III, 45 isolates of B. multivorans, and 47 isolates of other members of the BCC. Rates of correct identification by the BD Phoenix and VITEK 2 were similar when all BCC isolates were considered (50 and 53%, respectively) but differed markedly for genomovar III (71 and 38%; P < 0.01) and for B. multivorans (58 and 89%; P < 0.001). For the BD Phoenix as well as the VITEK 2, taking all 134 isolates of the BCC together, rates of correct identification of clinical isolates (56 and 55%, respectively; n = 85) were higher than those of environmental isolates (21 and 39%, respectively; n = 28). Clinical isolates of genomovar III (n = 27) showed correct identification rates of 81% (BD Phoenix) and 48% (VITEK 2) (P < 0.01). Rates of misidentification for BD Phoenix and VITEK 2 were 9 and 17% for genomovar III, 22 and 7% for B. multivorans, and 36 and 13% for the other BCC members (P < 0.01), respectively. More than half of the isolates misidentified by each instrument were identified as Ralstonia pickettii, Ralstonia paucula (CDC IV C-2 group), Alcaligenes faecalis, Achromobacter spp., or, for the VITEK 2, "various nonfermenters." This study reemphasizes that confirmatory identification of BCC, preferably by molecular methods, is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Brisse
- Eijkman-Winkler Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, AZU G04.614, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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18
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Moore JE, Xu J, Millar BC, Crowe M, Elborn JS. Improved molecular detection of Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III and Burkholderia multivorans directly from sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. J Microbiol Methods 2002; 49:183-91. [PMID: 11830304 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7012(01)00367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optimum detection of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) from sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is essential in preventing patient-to-patient transmission of this organism. The aim of this study was to develop an improved PCR assay with reference to sensitivity for the direct detection of BCC organisms from CF sputum employing the recA locus. The sensitivity results of three recA PCR assays were compared using various combinations of previously published primers. These included (i) a single-round approach using the primer set BCR1/BCR2, yielding a 1036-bp product, (ii) a single-round approach using the primer set BCR1/Mr, yielding a 465-bp product, and (iii) a semi-nested PCR (SN-PCR) approach using the primer set BCR1/BCR2 followed by BCR1/Mr. The sensitivity of these assays were determined by spiking B. cepacia-free sputum with known numbers of four strains of BCC, namely, genomovar II [B. multivorans] (C1576), genomovar IIIa (C5424, C6433) and genomovar IIIb (C1394). Following optimization, the chosen assay was performed on 14 patients. Employment of the single-round assay with BCR1/BCR2 was the least sensitive with a detection threshold of 10(7) cfu/g sputum for GIIIa and GIIIb, and 10(8) cfu/g sputum for GII. Sensitivity was improved by targeting the smaller amplification region of the recA locus (465 bp) employing the BCR1/Mr primer pair, in combination with a single-round approach, whereby the detection threshold was improved by 1 log for each genomovar. Employment of the semi-nested assay demonstrated optimum sensitivity, whereby the detection threshold increased to 10(1) and 10(2) cfu/g sputum for genomovar IIIa/IIIb and genomovar II, respectively. Subsequent genomovar characterisation can be performed by sequencing of the PCR amplicon without the need for culture which may be beneficial in patients in the initial stages of colonisation or who are transiently colonised and who may be culture-negative for BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Moore
- Department of Bacteriology, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.
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19
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McDowell A, Mahenthiralingam E, Moore JE, Dunbar KE, Webb AK, Dodd ME, Martin SL, Millar BC, Scott CJ, Crowe M, Elborn JS. PCR-based detection and identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex pathogens in sputum from cystic fibrosis patients. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:4247-55. [PMID: 11724828 PMCID: PMC88532 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.12.4247-4255.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR amplification of the recA gene followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was investigated for the rapid detection and identification of Burkholderia cepacia complex genomovars directly from sputum. Successful amplification of the B. cepacia complex recA gene from cystic fibrosis (CF) patient sputum samples containing B. cepacia genomovar I, Burkholderia multivorans, B. cepacia genomovar III, Burkholderia stabilis, and Burkholderia vietnamiensis was demonstrated. In addition, the genomovar identifications determined directly from sputum were the same as those obtained after selective culturing. Sensitivity experiments revealed that recA-based PCR could reliably detect B. cepacia complex organisms to concentrations of 10(6) CFU g of sputum(-1). To fully assess the diagnostic value of the method, sputum samples from 100 CF patients were screened for B. cepacia complex infection by selective culturing and recA-based PCR. Selective culturing identified 19 samples with presumptive B. cepacia complex infection, which was corroborated by phenotypic analyses. Of the culture-positive sputum samples, 17 were also detected directly by recA-based PCR, while 2 samples were negative. The isolates cultured from both recA-negative sputum samples were subsequently identified as Burkholderia gladioli. RFLP analysis of the recA amplicons revealed 2 patients (12%) infected with B. multivorans, 11 patients (65%) infected with B. cepacia genomovar III-A, and 4 patients (23%) infected with B. cepacia genomovar III-B. These results demonstrate the potential of recA-based PCR-RFLP analysis for the rapid detection and identification of B. cepacia complex genomovars directly from sputum. Where the sensitivity of the assay proves a limitation, sputum samples can be analyzed by selective culturing followed by recA-based analysis of the isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A McDowell
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Unit, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom BT9 7AB.
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20
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Clermont O, Cordevant C, Bonacorsi S, Marecat A, Lange M, Bingen E. Automated ribotyping provides rapid phylogenetic subgroup affiliation of clinical extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:4549-53. [PMID: 11724881 PMCID: PMC88585 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.12.4549-4553.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using the automated Riboprinter system, we have initiated the construction of an electronic Riboprint database composed of 72 ECOR reference strains and 15 archetypal virulent strains in order to provide a new simple molecular characterization method. More than 90% of the ECOR strains clustered in their original phylogenetic group. All but one of the archetypal virulent strains had a profile identical to that of one of the ECOR strains and could be easily affiliated with a phylogenetic group. This method appears to be an accurate and practical tool especially for investigating the genetic relationship between clinical extraintestinal pathogenic strains and B2 subgroup ECOR strains or archetypal pathotype strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Clermont
- Laboratoire d'Etudes de Génétique Bactérienne dans les Infections de l'Enfant (EA3105), Université Denis Diderot-Paris 7, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
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21
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Coenye T, Vandamme P, Govan JR, LiPuma JJ. Taxonomy and identification of the Burkholderia cepacia complex. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3427-36. [PMID: 11574551 PMCID: PMC88367 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.10.3427-3436.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Coenye
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0646, USA.
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22
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Parsons YN, Glendinning KJ, Thornton V, Hales BA, Hart CA, Winstanley C. A putative type III secretion gene cluster is widely distributed in the Burkholderia cepacia complex but absent from genomovar I. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2001; 203:103-8. [PMID: 11557147 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using probes constructed from Ralstonia solanacearum and Burkholderia pseudomallei, putative type III secretion (TTS) genes were identified in Burkholderia cepacia J2315 (genomovar III). A cosmid clone containing DNA with homology to five TTS genes was sub-cloned and regions were sequenced in order to design oligonucleotides for polymerase chain reaction assays. These indicated that two putative TTS genes (bcscQ and bcscV) were present in all members of the B. cepacia complex with the exception of strains from genomovar I. Southern blot assays confirmed this observation, suggesting that the lack of a TTS gene cluster may define a major difference between B. cepacia genomovar I and other members of the B. cepacia complex, including genomovar III. In contrast to TTS gene clusters in other bacteria, a putative gene homologous to the virB1 gene of Brucella suis was located directly downstream of bcscQR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y N Parsons
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, University of Liverpool, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
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23
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Sajjan U, Thanassoulis G, Cherapanov V, Lu A, Sjolin C, Steer B, Wu YJ, Rotstein OD, Kent G, McKerlie C, Forstner J, Downey GP. Enhanced susceptibility to pulmonary infection with Burkholderia cepacia in Cftr(-/-) mice. Infect Immun 2001; 69:5138-50. [PMID: 11447196 PMCID: PMC98610 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.8.5138-5150.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive pulmonary infection is the dominant clinical feature of cystic fibrosis (CF), but the molecular basis for this susceptibility remains incompletely understood. To study this problem, we developed a model of chronic pneumonia by repeated instillation of a clinical isolate of Burkholderia cepacia (genomovar III, ET12 strain), an opportunistic gram-negative bacterium, from a case of CF into the lungs of Cftr (m1unc-/-) (Cftr(-/-)) and congenic Cftr(+/+) controls. Nine days after the last instillation, the CF transmembrane regulator knockout mice showed persistence of viable bacteria with chronic severe bronchopneumonia while wild-type mice remained healthy. The histopathological changes in the lungs of the susceptible Cftr(-/-) mice were characterized by infiltration of a mixed inflammatory-cell population into the peribronchiolar and perivascular spaces, Clara cell hyperplasia, mucus hypersecretion in airways, and exudation into alveolar airspaces by a mixed population of macrophages and neutrophils. An increased proportion of neutrophils was observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the Cftr(-/-) mice, which, despite an increased bacterial load, demonstrated minimal evidence of activation. Alveolar macrophages from Cftr(-/-) mice also demonstrated suboptimal activation. These observations suggest that the pulmonary host defenses are compromised in lungs from animals with CF, as manifested by increased susceptibility to bacterial infection and lung injury. This murine model of chronic pneumonia thus reflects, in part, the situation in human patients and may help elucidate the mechanisms leading to defective host defense in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Sajjan
- Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8
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Renders N, Verbrugh H, Van Belkum A. Dynamics of bacterial colonisation in the respiratory tract of patients with cystic fibrosis. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2001; 1:29-39. [PMID: 12798048 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-1348(01)00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the human genome may result in altered phenotypes. The cystic fibrosis (CF) patient, for instance, suffers from an aberrant composition of the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract. In this particular case, a single point mutation in the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR) gene results in major physiological changes resulting in ecological changes that generate a niche particularly attractive to a selected set of microbial pathogens. We here present a review on the dynamics of the bacterial populations inhabiting the CF lung. Studies focusing on Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa will be summarised and discussed, whereas the technology used for microbial characterisation will be shortly highlighted. Emphasis, however, will be on those studies that assessed the genetic diversity among clinical isolates that were obtained over prolonged periods of time, enabling the distinction between persistent colonisation versus frequent re-infection by the selected pathogens. Evolutionary adaptation of pathogens to the CF lung is a common theme in many of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Renders
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam (EMCR), Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Fiore A, Laevens S, Bevivino A, Dalmastri C, Tabacchioni S, Vandamme P, Chiarini L. Burkholderia cepacia complex: distribution of genomovars among isolates from the maize rhizosphere in Italy. Environ Microbiol 2001; 3:137-43. [PMID: 11321544 DOI: 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2001.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia is a 'complex' in which seven genomic species or genomovars have so far been identified. It appears that all seven B. cepacia genomovars are capable of causing infections in vulnerable persons; in particular, the importance of Burkholderia multivorans (genomovar II) and B. cepacia genomovar III among cystic fibrosis isolates, especially epidemic ones, has been emphasized. In order to acquire a better comprehension of the genomovar composition of environmental populations of B. cepacia, 120 strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of maize plants cultivated in fields located in northern, central and southern Italy. The identification of the different genomovars was accomplished by a combination of molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques, such as restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rDNA (ARDRA), genomovar-specific PCR tests and RFLP analyses based on polymorphisms in the recA gene whole-cell protein electrophoresis. ARDRA analysis allowed us to distinguish between all B. cepacia genomovars except B. cepacia genomovar I, B. cepacia genomovar III and Burkholderia ambifaria (genomovar VII). The latter genomovars were differentiated by means of recA PCR tests and RFLP analyses. Among the rhizospheric isolates of B. cepacia, we found only B. cepacia genomovar I, B. cepacia genomovar III, Burkholderia vietnamiensis (genomovar V) and B. ambifaria. B. cepacia genomovars I and III and B. ambifaria were recovered from all three fields, whereas B. vietnamiensis was detected only in the population isolated from the field located in central Italy. Among strains isolated from northern and southern Italy, the most abundant genomovars were B. ambifaria and B. cepacia genomovar III respectively; in contrast, the population isolated in central Italy showed an even distribution of strains among genomovars. These results indicate that it is not possible to differentiate clinical and environmental strains, or pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains, of the B. cepacia complex simply on the basis of genomovar status, and that the environment may serve as a reservoir for B. cepacia genomovar III infections in vulnerable humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fiore
- Ente Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente, CR Casaccia, Dip. to Innovazione, Rome, Italy
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Brisse S, Milatovic D, Fluit AC, Kusters K, Toelstra A, Verhoef J, Schmitz FJ. Molecular surveillance of European quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. using automated ribotyping. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3636-45. [PMID: 11015376 PMCID: PMC87449 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.10.3636-3645.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2000] [Accepted: 08/11/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. exhibit high rates of resistance to antibiotics and are often multidrug resistant. In a previous study (D. Milatovic, A. Fluit, S. Brisse, J. Verhoef, and F. J. Schmitz, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1102-1107, 2000), isolates of these species that were resistant to sitafloxacin, a new advanced-generation fluoroquinolone with a high potency and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, were found in high proportion in 23 European hospitals. Here, we investigate the clonal diversity of the 155 P. aeruginosa and 145 Acinetobacter spp. sitafloxacin-resistant isolates from that study by automated ribotyping. Numerous ribogroups (sets of isolates with indistinguishable ribotypes) were found among isolates of P. aeruginosa (n = 34) and Acinetobacter spp. (n = 16), but the majority of the isolates belonged to a limited number of major ribogroups. Sitafloxacin-resistant isolates (MICs > 2 mg/liter, used as a provisional breakpoint) showed increased concomitant resistance to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, amikacin, gentamicin, and imipenem. The major ribogroups were repeatedly found in isolates from several European hospitals; these isolates showed higher levels of resistance to gentamicin and imipenem, and some of them appeared to correspond to previously described multidrug-resistant international clones of P. aeruginosa (serotype O:12) and Acinetobacter baumannii (clones I and II). Automated ribotyping, when used in combination with more discriminatory typing methods, may be a convenient library typing system for monitoring future epidemiological dynamics of geographically widespread multidrug-resistant bacterial clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brisse
- Eijkman-Winkler Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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