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He WQ, He XY, Lu Y, Zhang S, Zhang MX, Zheng YT, Pang W. HIV-1 but not SIV mac239 induces higher interferon-α antiviral state in chronic infected northern pig-tailed macaques (Macaca leonina). Microbes Infect 2022; 24:104970. [PMID: 35331910 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that interferon (IFN)-α has an inhibitory effect on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in the acute infection stage, but its role in chronic infection is still unclear. We previously established a nonpathogenic HIV-1 and pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model in northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs, Macaca leonina). In the current study, we detected viral RNA and DNA in various tissues (axillary lymph nodes (LNs), inguinal LNs, and spleen) in HIV-1NL4-3- and SIVmac239-infected NPM during the chronic stage of infection. Results indicated that the levels of viral DNA and RNA were higher in the tested tissues (LNs and spleen) of the SIVmac239-infected NPMs than in the HIV-1NL4-3 infected NPMs. Furthermore, IFN-α expression was higher in the HIV-infected tissues than in the SIV-infected controls. The HIV restriction factors induced by IFN-α (i.e., tetherin and MX2), as well as inflammatory factors IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence staining assays. Results showed that their expression levels were much higher in the HIV-infected tissues than in the SIV-infected controls. These findings were confirmed by in vitro experiments on healthy NPM peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with HIV-1NL4-3, which showed lower viral replication, higher IFN-α expression, and an antiviral status. This study demonstrated that HIV-1 infection, but not SIVmac239 infection, in NPMs caused higher expression of IFN-α and induced a higher antiviral status. This may be one of the reasons why HIV-1 cannot replicate at a high level or develop into AIDS in NPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Xiao-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ming-Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
| | - Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.
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Thippeshappa R, Polacino P, Chandrasekar SS, Truong K, Misra A, Aulicino PC, Hu SL, Kaushal D, Kimata JT. In vivo Serial Passaging of Human-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Clones Identifies Characteristics for Persistent Viral Replication. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:779460. [PMID: 34867922 PMCID: PMC8636705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.779460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with a simian immunodeficiency virus vif substitution (HSIV-vifNL4-3) could replicate in pigtailed macaques (PTMs), demonstrating that Vif is a species-specific tropism factor of primate lentiviruses. However, infections did not result in high-peak viremia or setpoint plasma viral loads, as observed during simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of PTMs. Here, we characterized variants isolated from one of the original infected animals with CD4 depletion after nearly 4years of infection to identify determinants of increased replication fitness. In our studies, we found that the HSIV-vif clones did not express the HIV-1 Vpr protein due to interference from the vpx open reading frame (ORF) in singly spliced vpr mRNA. To examine whether these viral genes contribute to persistent viral replication, we generated infectious HSIV-vif clones expressing either the HIV-1 Vpr or SIV Vpx protein. And then to determine viral fitness determinants of HSIV-vif, we conducted three rounds of serial in vivo passaging in PTMs, starting with an initial inoculum containing a mixture of CXCR4-tropic [Vpr-HSIV-vifNL4-3 isolated at 196 (C/196) and 200 (C/200) weeks post-infection from a PTM with depressed CD4 counts] and CCR5-tropic HSIV (Vpr+ HSIV-vif derivatives based NL-AD8 and Bru-Yu2 and a Vpx expressing HSIV-vifYu2). Interestingly, all infected PTMs showed peak plasma viremia close to or above 105 copies/ml and persistent viral replication for more than 20weeks. Infectious molecular clones (IMCs) recovered from the passage 3 PTM (HSIV-P3 IMCs) included mutations required for HIV-1 Vpr expression and those mutations encoded by the CXCR4-tropic HSIV-vifNL4-3 isolate C/196. The data indicate that the viruses selected during long-term infection acquired HIV-1 Vpr expression, suggesting the importance of Vpr for in vivo pathogenesis. Further passaging of HSIV-P3 IMCs in vivo may generate pathogenic variants with higher replication capacity, which will be a valuable resource as challenge virus in vaccine and cure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Patricia Polacino
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shaswath S Chandrasekar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Khanghy Truong
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anisha Misra
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Paula C Aulicino
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus, Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Program, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Adachi A, Koma T, Doi N, Nomaguchi M. Commentary: Derivation of Simian Tropic HIV-1 Infectious Clone Reveals Virus Adaptation to a New Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:235. [PMID: 32500043 PMCID: PMC7243179 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Adachi
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Koma
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoya Doi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masako Nomaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima, Japan
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Thippeshappa R, Kimata JT, Kaushal D. Toward a Macaque Model of HIV-1 Infection: Roadblocks, Progress, and Future Strategies. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:882. [PMID: 32477302 PMCID: PMC7237640 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human-specific tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) has complicated the development of a macaque model of HIV-1 infection/AIDS that is suitable for preclinical evaluation of vaccines and novel treatment strategies. Several innate retroviral restriction factors, such as APOBEC3 family of proteins, TRIM5α, BST2, and SAMHD1, that prevent HIV-1 replication have been identified in macaque cells. Accessory proteins expressed by Simian Immunodeficiency virus (SIV) such as viral infectivity factor (Vif), viral protein X (Vpx), viral protein R (Vpr), and negative factor (Nef) have been shown to play key roles in overcoming these restriction factors in macaque cells. Thus, substituting HIV-1 accessory genes with those from SIV may enable HIV-1 replication in macaques. We and others have constructed macaque-tropic HIV-1 derivatives [also called simian-tropic HIV-1 (stHIV-1) or Human-Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (HSIV)] carrying SIV vif to overcome APOBEC3 family proteins. Additional modifications to HIV-1 gag in some of the macaque-tropic HIV-1 have also been done to overcome TRIM5α restriction in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. Although these viruses replicate persistently in macaque species, they do not result in CD4 depletion. Thus, these studies suggest that additional blocks to HIV-1 replication exist in macaques that prevent high-level viral replication. Furthermore, serial animal-to-animal passaging of macaque-tropic HIV-1 in vivo has not resulted in pathogenic variants that cause AIDS in immunocompetent macaques. In this review, we discuss recent developments made toward developing macaque model of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Sharma A, McLaughlin RN, Basom RS, Kikawa C, OhAinle M, Yount JS, Emerman M, Overbaugh J. Macaque interferon-induced transmembrane proteins limit replication of SHIV strains in an Envelope-dependent manner. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007925. [PMID: 31260493 PMCID: PMC6625738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 does not persistently infect macaques due in part to restriction by several macaque host factors. This has been partially circumvented by generating chimeric SIV/HIV-1 viruses (SHIVs) that encode SIV antagonist of known restriction factors. However, most SHIVs replicate poorly in macaques unless they are further adapted in culture and/or macaques (adapted SHIVs). Therefore, development of SHIVs encoding HIV-1 sequences derived directly from infected humans without adaptation (unadapted SHIVs) has been challenging. In contrast to the adapted SHIVs, the unadapted SHIVs have lower replication kinetics in macaque lymphocytes and are sensitive to type-1 interferon (IFN). The HIV-1 Envelope (Env) in the chimeric virus determines both the reduced replication and the IFN-sensitivity differences. There is limited information on macaque restriction factors that specifically limit replication of the more biologically relevant, unadapted SHIV variants. In order to identify the IFN-induced host factor(s) that could contribute to the inhibition of SHIVs in macaque lymphocytes, we measured IFN-induced gene expression in immortalized pig-tailed macaque (Ptm) lymphocytes using RNA-Seq. We found 147 genes that were significantly upregulated upon IFN treatment in Ptm lymphocytes and 31/147 were identified as genes that encode transmembrane helices and thus are likely present in membranes where interaction with viral Env is plausible. Within this group of upregulated genes with putative membrane-localized proteins, we identified several interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) genes, including several previously uncharacterized Ptm IFITM3-related genes. An evolutionary genomic analysis of these genes suggests the genes are IFITM3 duplications not found in humans that are both within the IFITM locus and also dispersed elsewhere in the Ptm genome. We observed that Ptm IFITMs are generally packaged at higher levels in unadapted SHIVs when compared to adapted SHIVs. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Ptm IFITMs showed that depletion of IFITMs partially rescues the IFN sensitivity of unadapted SHIV. Moreover, we found that the depletion of IFITMs also increased replication of unadapted SHIV in the absence of IFN treatment, suggesting that Ptm IFITMs are likely important host factors that limit replication of unadapted SHIVs. In conclusion, this study shows that Ptm IFITMs selectively restrict replication of unadapted SHIVs. These findings suggest that restriction factors including IFITMs vary in their potency against different SHIV variants and may play a role in selecting for viruses that adapt to species-specific restriction factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | | | - Ryan S Basom
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Caroline Kikawa
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Molly OhAinle
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael Emerman
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Julie Overbaugh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Pang W, Song JH, Lu Y, Zhang XL, Zheng HY, Jiang J, Zheng YT. Host Restriction Factors APOBEC3G/3F and Other Interferon-Related Gene Expressions Affect Early HIV-1 Infection in Northern Pig-Tailed Macaque ( Macaca leonina). Front Immunol 2018; 9:1965. [PMID: 30210504 PMCID: PMC6120991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The northern pig-tailed macaques (NPMs) lack TRIM5α, an antiviral restriction factor, and instead have TRIM5-CypA. In our previous study, we demonstrated that HIV-1NL4-3 successfully infected NPMs and formed a long-term viral reservoir in vivo. However, the HIV-1-infected NPMs showed relatively high viremia in the first 6 weeks of infection, which declined thereafter suggesting that HIV-1 NL4-3 infection in these animals was only partly permissive. To optimize HIV-1 infection in NPMs therefore, we generated HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv, and infected NPMs with these viruses. HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv can replicate persistently in NPMs during 41 weeks of acute infection stage. Compared to the HIV-1NL4-R3A, stHIV-1sv showed a notably higher level of replication, and the NPMs infected with the latter induced a more robust neutralizing antibody but a weaker cellular immune response. In addition, IFN-I signaling was significantly up-regulated with the viral replication, and was higher in the stHIV-1sv infected macaques. Consequently, the sequences of pro-viral env showed fewer G-A hyper-mutations in stHIV-1sv, suggesting that vif gene of SIV could antagonize the antiviral effects of APOBEC3 proteins in NPMs. Taken together, NPMs infected with HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv show distinct virological and immunological features. Furthermore, interferon-related gene expression might play a role in controlling primary HIV-1NL4-R3A and stHIV-1sv replication in NPMs. This result suggests NPM is a potential HIV/AIDS animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming Primate Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Del Prete GQ, Keele BF, Fode J, Thummar K, Swanstrom AE, Rodriguez A, Raymond A, Estes JD, LaBranche CC, Montefiori DC, KewalRamani VN, Lifson JD, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou T. A single gp120 residue can affect HIV-1 tropism in macaques. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006572. [PMID: 28945790 PMCID: PMC5629034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Species-dependent variation in proteins that aid or limit virus replication determines the ability of lentiviruses to jump between host species. Identifying and overcoming these differences facilitates the development of animal models for HIV-1, including models based on chimeric SIVs that express HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins, (SHIVs) and simian-tropic HIV-1 (stHIV) strains. Here, we demonstrate that the inherently poor ability of most HIV-1 Env proteins to use macaque CD4 as a receptor is improved during adaptation by virus passage in macaques. We identify a single amino acid, A281, in HIV-1 Env that consistently changes during adaptation in macaques and affects the ability of HIV-1 Env to use macaque CD4. Importantly, mutations at A281 do not markedly affect HIV-1 Env neutralization properties. Our findings should facilitate the design of HIV-1 Env proteins for use in non-human primate models and thus expedite the development of clinically relevant reagents for testing interventions against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Q. Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeannine Fode
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Keyur Thummar
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Adrienne E. Swanstrom
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Anthony Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alice Raymond
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Vineet N. KewalRamani
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Paul D. Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Theodora Hatziioannou
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States of America
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Del Prete GQ, Lifson JD, Keele BF. Nonhuman primate models for the evaluation of HIV-1 preventive vaccine strategies: model parameter considerations and consequences. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2016; 11:546-554. [PMID: 27559710 PMCID: PMC5100008 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonhuman primate (NHP) models of AIDS are powerful systems for evaluating HIV vaccine approaches in vivo. Authentic features of HIV-1 transmission, dissemination, target cell tropism, and pathogenesis, and aspects of anti-HIV-1 immune responses, can be recapitulated in NHPs provided the appropriate, specific model parameters are considered. Here, we discuss key model parameter options and their implications for HIV-1 vaccine evaluation. RECENT FINDINGS With the availability of several different NHP host species/subspecies, different challenge viruses and challenge stock production methods, and various challenge routes and schemata, multiple NHP models of AIDS exist for HIV vaccine evaluation. The recent development of multiple new challenge viruses, including chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency viruses and simian immunodeficiency virus clones, improved characterization of challenge stocks and production methods, and increased insight into specific challenge parameters have resulted in an increase in the number of available models and a better understanding of the implications of specific study design choices. SUMMARY Recent progress and technical developments promise new insights into basic disease mechanisms and improved models for better preclinical evaluation of interventions to prevent HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Q. Del Prete
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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9
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Boyd DF, Sharma A, Humes D, Cheng-Mayer C, Overbaugh J. Adapting SHIVs In Vivo Selects for Envelope-Mediated Interferon-α Resistance. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005727. [PMID: 27399306 PMCID: PMC4939950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentiviruses are able to establish persistent infection in their respective hosts despite a potent type-I interferon (IFN-I) response following transmission. A number of IFN-I-induced host factors that are able to inhibit lentiviral replication in vitro have been identified, and these studies suggest a role for IFN-induced factors as barriers to cross-species transmission. However, the ability of these factors to inhibit viral replication in vivo has not been well characterized, nor have the viral determinants that contribute to evasion or antagonism of the host IFN-I response. In this study, we hypothesized that the host IFN-I response serves as a strong selective pressure in the context of SIV/HIV chimeric virus (SHIV) infection of macaques and sought to identify the viral determinants that contribute to IFN-I resistance. We assessed the ability of SHIVs encoding HIV-1 sequences adapted by serial passage in macaques versus SHIVs encoding HIV sequences isolated directly from infected individuals to replicate in the presence of IFNα in macaque lymphocytes. We demonstrate that passage in macaques selects for IFNα resistant viruses that have higher replication kinetics and increased envelope content. SHIVs that encode HIV-1 sequences derived directly from infected humans were sensitive to IFNα -induced inhibition whereas SHIVs obtained after passage in macaques were not. This evolutionary process was directly observed in viruses that were serially passaged during the first few months of infection-a time when the IFNα response is high. Differences in IFNα sensitivity mapped to HIV-1 envelope and were associated with increased envelope levels despite similar mRNA expression, suggesting a post-transcriptional mechanism. These studies highlight critical differences in IFNα sensitivity between HIV-1 sequences in infected people and those used in SHIV models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F. Boyd
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Amit Sharma
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daryl Humes
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Julie Overbaugh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Mahauad-Fernandez WD, Okeoma CM. The role of BST-2/Tetherin in host protection and disease manifestation. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 4:4-23. [PMID: 27042298 PMCID: PMC4768070 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Host cells respond to viral infections by activating immune response genes that are not only involved in inflammation, but may also predispose cells to cancerous transformation. One such gene is BST‐2, a type II transmembrane protein with a unique topology that endows it tethering and signaling potential. Through this ability to tether and signal, BST‐2 regulates host response to viral infection either by inhibiting release of nascent viral particles or in some models inhibiting viral dissemination. However, despite its antiviral functions, BST‐2 is involved in disease manifestation, a function linked to the ability of BST‐2 to promote cell‐to‐cell interaction. Therefore, modulating BST‐2 expression and/or activity has the potential to influence course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadie D Mahauad-Fernandez
- Department of MicrobiologyCarver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
| | - Chioma M Okeoma
- Department of MicrobiologyCarver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
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11
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Zou J, Li W, Misra A, Yue F, Song K, Chen Q, Guo G, Yi J, Kimata JT, Liu L. The viral restriction factor tetherin prevents leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (LRPPRC) from association with beclin 1 and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and enhances autophagy and mitophagy. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7269-79. [PMID: 25631043 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetherin has been characterized as a key factor that restricts viral particles such as HIV and hepatitis C virus on plasma membranes, acts as a ligand of the immunoglobulin-like transcript 7 (ILT7) receptor in tumor cells, and suppresses antiviral innate immune responses mediated by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. However, the normal cellular function of Tetherin without viral infection is unknown. Here we show that Tetherin not only serves as a substrate of autophagy but itself regulates the initiation of autophagy. Tetherin interacts with the autophagy/mitophagy suppressor LRPPRC and prevents LRPPRC from forming a ternary complex with Beclin 1 and Bcl-2 so that Beclin 1 is released to bind with PI3KCIII (class III PI3K) to activate the initiation of autophagy. Suppression of Tetherin leads to impairment of autophagy, whereas overexpression of Tetherin causes activation of autophagy. Under mitophagic stress, Tetherin is concentrated on mitochondria engulfed in autophagosomes. Tetherin plays a general role in the degradation of autophagosomes containing not only the symbiotic mitochondria but also, possibly, the infected virus. Therefore, Tetherin may enhance autophagy and mitophagy to suppress tumorigenesis, enhance innate immune responses, or prevent T cell apoptosis or pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zou
- From the Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, the Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- From the Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Anisha Misra
- the Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Fei Yue
- From the Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Kun Song
- From the Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Qi Chen
- From the Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Guanghua Guo
- the Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jinglin Yi
- the Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jason T Kimata
- the Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Leyuan Liu
- From the Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, the Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843
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12
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Kimata JT. Stepping toward a macaque model of HIV-1 induced AIDS. Viruses 2014; 6:3643-51. [PMID: 25256394 PMCID: PMC4189042 DOI: 10.3390/v6093643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 exhibits a narrow host range, hindering the development of a robust animal model of pathogenesis. Past studies have demonstrated that the restricted host range of HIV-1 may be largely due to the inability of the virus to antagonize and evade effector molecules of the interferon response in other species. They have also guided the engineering of HIV-1 clones that can replicate in CD4 T-cells of Asian macaque species. However, while replication of these viruses in macaque hosts is persistent, it has been limited and without progression to AIDS. In a new study, Hatziioannou et al., demonstrate for the first time that adapted macaque-tropic HIV-1 can persistently replicate at high levels in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina), but only if CD8 T-cells are depleted at the time of inoculation. The infection causes rapid disease and recapitulates several aspects of AIDS in humans. Additionally, the virus undergoes genetic changes to further escape innate immunity in association with disease progression. Here, the importance of these findings is discussed, as they relate to pathogenesis and model development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Kimata
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mail Stop BCM385, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Otsuki H, Yoneda M, Igarashi T, Miura T. Generation of a monkey-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 carrying env from a CCR5-tropic subtype C clinical isolate. Virology 2014; 460-461:1-10. [PMID: 25010265 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Several derivatives of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that evade macaque restriction factors and establish infection in pig-tailed macaques (PtMs) have been described. These monkey-tropic HIV-1s utilize CXCR4 as a co-receptor that differs from CCR5 used by most currently circulating HIV-1 strains. We generated a new monkey-tropic HIV-1 carrying env from a CCR5-tropic subtype C HIV-1 clinical isolate. Using intracellular homologous recombination, we generated an uncloned chimeric virus consisting of at least seven types of recombination breakpoints in the region between vpr and env. The virus increased its replication capacity while maintaining CCR5 tropism after in vitro passage in PtM primary lymphocytes. PtM infection with the adapted virus exhibited high peak viremia levels in plasma while the virus was undetectable at 12-16 weeks. This virus serves as starting point for generating a pathogenic monkey-tropic HIV-1 with CCR5-tropic subtype C env, perhaps through serial passage in macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Otsuki
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mai Yoneda
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Igarashi
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Laboratory of Primate Model, Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Verhoeven D, George MD, Hu W, Dang AT, Smit-McBride Z, Reay E, Macal M, Fenton A, Sankaran-Walters S, Dandekar S. Enhanced innate antiviral gene expression, IFN-α, and cytolytic responses are predictive of mucosal immune recovery during simian immunodeficiency virus infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:3308-18. [PMID: 24610016 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mucosa that lines the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts is an important portal of entry for pathogens and provides the first line of innate immune defense against infections. Although an abundance of memory CD4(+) T cells at mucosal sites render them highly susceptible to HIV infection, the gut and not the lung experiences severe and sustained CD4(+) T cell depletion and tissue disruption. We hypothesized that distinct immune responses in the lung and gut during the primary and chronic stages of viral infection contribute to these differences. Using the SIV model of AIDS, we performed a comparative analysis of the molecular and cellular characteristics of host responses in the gut and lung. Our findings showed that both mucosal compartments harbor similar percentages of memory CD4(+) T cells and displayed comparable cytokine (IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) responses to mitogenic stimulations prior to infection. However, despite similar viral replication and CD4(+) T cell depletion during primary SIV infection, CD4(+) T cell restoration kinetics in the lung and gut diverged during acute viral infection. The CD4(+) T cells rebounded or were preserved in the lung mucosa during chronic viral infection, which correlated with heightened induction of type I IFN signaling molecules and innate viral restriction factors. In contrast, the lack of CD4(+) T cell restoration in the gut was associated with dampened immune responses and diminished expression of viral restriction factors. Thus, unique immune mechanisms contribute to the differential response and protection of pulmonary versus GI mucosa and can be leveraged to enhance mucosal recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Verhoeven
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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Misra A, Thippeshappa R, Kimata JT. Macaques as model hosts for studies of HIV-1 infection. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:176. [PMID: 23825473 PMCID: PMC3695370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the host range of primate lentiviruses is in part determined by their ability to counteract innate restriction factors that are effectors of the type 1 interferon (IFN-1) response. For human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), in vitro experiments have shown that its tropism may be narrow and limited to humans and chimpanzees because its replication in other non-human primate species is hindered by factors such as TRIM5α (tripartite motif 5 alpha), APOBEC3G (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like 3), and tetherin. Based on these data, it has been hypothesized that primate lentiviruses will infect and replicate in a new species if they are able to counteract and evade suppression by the IFN-1 response. Several studies have tested whether engineering HIV-1 recombinants with minimal amounts of simian immunodeficiency virus sequences would enable replication in CD4+ T cells of non-natural hosts such as Asian macaques and proposed that infection of these macaque species could be used to study transmission and pathogenesis. Indeed, infection of macaques with these viruses revealed that Vif-mediated counteraction of APOBEC3G function is central to cross-species tropism but that other IFN-induced factors may also play important roles in controlling replication. Further studies of these macaque models of infection with HIV-1 derivatives could provide valuable insights into the interaction of lentiviruses and the innate immune response and how lentiviruses adapt and cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Misra
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA
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