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Zhang X, Chen Y, Liu M, Long X, Guo C. Intervention strategies targeting virus and host factors against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135403. [PMID: 39245101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes considerable economic losses to the global swine industry every year and seriously hinders the healthy development of this industry. Although tremendous efforts have been made over the past 30 years toward the development of prevention and control strategies against PRRSV infection, to date, treatments with proven efficacy have yet to be available due to our incomplete understanding of the molecular basis and complexity of the infection machinery. This review systematically discusses recent advances in the research and development of anti-PRRSV therapies targeting different stages of the viral life cycle. Furthermore, this review puts forward novel intervention targets and research approaches based on our in-depth exploration of virus-host interactions and the latest biological technologies, which have the potential to complement or transform current anti-PRRSV strategies and become breakthrough points for the control of PRRS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Long
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chunhe Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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Chen X, Yu Z, Li W. Molecular mechanism of autophagy in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1434775. [PMID: 39224702 PMCID: PMC11366741 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1434775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a significant pathogen affecting the swine industry globally, has been shown to manipulate host cell processes, including autophagy, to facilitate its replication and survival within the host. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation process crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis, can be hijacked by viruses for their own benefit. During PRRSV infection, autophagy plays a complex role, both as a defense mechanism of the host and as a tool exploited by the virus. This review explores the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy induction under PRRSV infection, its impact on virus replication, and the potential implications for viral pathogenesis and antiviral strategies. By synthesizing the latest research findings, this article aims to enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between autophagy and PRRSV, paving the way for novel therapeutic approaches against this swine pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Chen
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Ziding Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
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Zheng Z, Ling X, Li Y, Qiao S, Zhang S, Wu J, Ma Z, Li M, Guo X, Li Z, Feng Y, Liu X, Goodfellow IG, Zheng H, Xiao S. Host cells reprogram lipid droplet synthesis through YY1 to resist PRRSV infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0154924. [PMID: 38953350 PMCID: PMC11323570 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01549-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism in host cells can be modulated after viral infection, favoring viral survival or clearance. Here, we report that lipid droplet (LD) synthesis in host cells can be modulated by yin yang 1 (YY1) after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection, resulting in active antiviral activity. As a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor, there was increased expression of YY1 upon PRRSV infection both in vitro and in vivo. YY1 silencing promoted the replication of PRRSV, whereas YY1 overexpression inhibited PRRSV replication. PRRSV infection led to a marked increase in LDs, while YY1 knockout inhibited LD synthesis, and YY1 overexpression enhanced LD accumulation, indicating that YY1 reprograms PRRSV infection-induced intracellular LD synthesis. We also showed that the viral components do not colocalize with LDs during PRRSV infection, and the effect of exogenously induced LD synthesis on PRRSV replication is nearly lethal. Moreover, we demonstrated that YY1 affects the synthesis of LDs by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism genes. YY1 negatively regulates the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) to weaken the fatty acid synthesis pathway and positively regulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to promote the synthesis of LDs, thus inhibiting PRRSV replication. These novel findings indicate that YY1 plays a crucial role in regulating PRRSV replication by reprogramming LD synthesis. Therefore, our study provides a novel mechanism of host resistance to PRRSV and suggests potential new antiviral strategies against PRRSV infection.IMPORTANCEPorcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) has caused incalculable economic damage to the global pig industry since it was first discovered in the 1980s. However, conventional vaccines do not provide satisfactory protection. It is well known that viruses are parasitic pathogens, and the completion of their replication life cycle is highly dependent on host cells. A better understanding of host resistance to PRRSV infection is essential for developing safe and effective strategies to control PRRSV. Here, we report a crucial host antiviral molecule, yin yang 1 (YY1), which is induced to be expressed upon PRRSV infection and subsequently inhibits virus replication by reprogramming lipid droplet (LD) synthesis through transcriptional regulation. Our work provides a novel antiviral mechanism against PRRSV infection and suggests that targeting YY1 could be a new strategy for controlling PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xue Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yingtong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ian G. Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Gu H, Qiu H, Yang H, Deng Z, Zhang S, Du L, He F. PRRSV utilizes MALT1-regulated autophagy flux to switch virus spread and reserve. Autophagy 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39081059 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2386195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major swine pathogen, which can survive host antiviral immunity with various mechanisms. PRRSV infection induces macroautophagy/autophagy, facilitating virus replication. MALT1, a central immune regulator, was manipulated by PRRSV to optimize viral infection at different stages of the virus cycle. In this study, the key role of MALT1 in autophagy regulation during PRRSV infection was characterized, enlightening the role of autophagy flux in favor of virus spread and persistent infection. PRRSV-induced autophagy was confirmed to facilitate virus proliferation. Furthermore, autophagic fusion was dynamically regulated during PRRSV infection. Importantly, PRRSV-induced MALT1 facilitated autophagosome-lysosome fusion and autolysosome formation, thus contributing to autophagy flux and virus proliferation. Mechanically, MALT1 regulated autophagy via mediating MTOR-ULK1 and -TFEB signaling and affecting lysosomal homeostasis. MALT1 inhibition by inhibitor Mi-2 or RNAi induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), leading to the block of autophagic fusion. Further, MALT1 overexpression alleviated PRRSV-induced LMP via inhibiting ROS generation. In addition, blocking autophagy flux suppressed virus release significantly, indicating that MALT1-maintained complete autophagy flux during PRRSV infection favors successful virus spread and its proliferation. In contrast, autophagosome accumulation upon MALT1 inhibition promoted PRRSV reserve for future virus proliferation once the autophagy flux recovers. Taken together, for the first time, these findings elucidate that MALT1 was utilized by PRRSV to regulate host autophagy flux, to determine the fate of virus for either proliferation or reserve.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BFP/mBFP: monomeric blue fluorescent protein; CQ: chloroquine; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; dsRNA: double-stranded RNA; GFP: green fluorescent protein; hpi: hours post infection; IFA: indirect immunofluorescence assay; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LGALS3: galectin 3; LLOMe: L-leucyl-L-leucine-methyl ester; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; mAb: monoclonal antibody; MALT1: MALT1 paracaspase; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFKB/NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; nsp: nonstructural protein; ORF: open reading frame; pAb: polyclonal antibody; PRRSV: porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; PRRSV-N: PRRSV nucleocapsid protein; Rapa: rapamycin; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SBI: SBI-0206965; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TCID50: 50% tissue culture infective dose; TFEB: transcription factor EB; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - He Qiu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Haotian Yang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhuofan Deng
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Shengkun Zhang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Liuyang Du
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang He
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- TianMu Laboratory, ZJU-Xinchang Joint Innovation Centre, Xinchang, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Wang Q, Zhang Q, Shi X, Yang N, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Xu X. ACADM inhibits AMPK activation to modulate PEDV-induced lipophagy and β-oxidation for impairing viral replication. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107549. [PMID: 39002673 PMCID: PMC11342783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belongs to the Alphacoronavirus genus within the Coronavirus family, causing severe watery diarrhea in piglets and resulting in significant economic losses. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADM) is an enzyme participating in lipid metabolism associated with metabolic diseases and pathogen infections. Nonetheless, the precise role of ACADM in regulating PEDV replication remains uncertain. In this study, we identified ACADM as the host binding partner of NSP4 via immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry analysis. The interaction between ACADM and NSP4 was subsequently corroborated through coimmunoprecipitation and laser confocal microscopy. Following this, a notable upsurge in ACADM expression was observed during PEDV infection. ACADM overexpression effectively inhibited virus replication, whereas ACADM knockdown facilitated virus replication, suggesting ACADM has negative regulation effect on PEDV infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated fatty acid β-oxidation affected PEDV replication for the first time, inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation reduced PEDV replication. ACADM decreased PEDV-induced β-oxidation to suppress PEDV replication. Mechanistically, ACADM reduced cellular free fatty acid levels and subsequent β-oxidation by hindering AMPK-mediated lipophagy. In summary, our results reveal that ACADM plays a negative regulatory role in PEDV replication by regulating lipid metabolism. The present study introduces a novel approach for the prevention and control of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanqiong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naling Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shifan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yina Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xingang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Zhang J, Zhao C, Yao M, Qi J, Tan Y, Shi K, Wang J, Zhou S, Li Z. Transcriptome sequencing reveals non-coding RNAs respond to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Haemophilus parasuis co-infection in Kele piglets. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:663-681. [PMID: 39165737 PMCID: PMC11331363 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) has severely restricted the healthy development of pig breeding. Exploring disease resistance of non-coding RNAs in pigs co-infected with PRRSV and HPS is therefore critical to complement and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of disease resistance in Kele piglets and to innovate the use of local pig germplasm resources in China. RNA-seq of lungs from Kele piglets with single-infection of PRRSV or HPS and co-infection of both pathogens was performed. Two hundred and twenty-five differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (DElncRNAs) and 30 DEmicroRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified and characterized in the PRRSV and HPS co-infection (PRRSV-HPS) group. Compared with the single-infection groups, 146 unique DElncRNAs, 17 unique DEmiRNAs, and 206 target differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the PRRSV-HPS group. The expression patterns of 20 DEmiRNAs and DElncRNAs confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were consistent with those determined by high-throughput sequencing. In the PRRSV-HPS group, the target DEGs were enriched in eight immune Gene Ontology terms relating to two unique DEmiRNAs and 16 DElncRNAs, and the unique target DEGs participated the host immune response to pathogens infection by affecting 15 immune-related Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment pathways. Notably, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks of different groups were constructed, and the ssc-miR-671-5p miRNA was validated as a potential regulatory factor to regulate DTX4 and AEBP1 genes to achieve innate antiviral effects and inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by dual-luciferase reporter assays. These results provided insight into further study on the molecular mechanisms of resistance to PRRSV and HPS co-infection in Kele piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Chunping Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Min Yao
- Inspection and Testing Department, Guizhou
Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guiyang
550002, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Ya Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Kaizhi Shi
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Sixuan Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Science, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou
University, Guiyang 550002, China
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Huang J, Ye J, Gao Y, Wang Y, Zhao Q, Lou T, Lai W. Identification of proteins related to SIS3 by iTRAQ and PRM-based comparative proteomic analysis in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17485. [PMID: 38854800 PMCID: PMC11160430 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin is a commonly used nephrotoxic drug and can cause acute kidney injury (AKI). In the present study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM)-based comparative proteomics were used to analyze differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) to determine the key molecular mechanism in mice with cisplatin-induced AKI in the presence or absence of SIS3, a specific p-smad3 inhibitor, intervention. Methods The cisplatin-induced AKI mouse model was established and treated with SIS3. We used iTRAQ to search for DEPs, PRM to verify key DEPs and combined Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) for bioinformatics analysis. We then assessed lipid deposition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and detected the expression of SREBF1, SCD1, CPT1A, PPARα and NDRG1 in vitro. Results Proteomic analysis showed that the identified DEPs were mainly enriched in energy metabolism pathways, especially in lipid metabolism. When SIS3 was applied to inhibit the phosphorylation of Smad3, the expression of NDRG1 and fatty acid oxidation key proteins CPT1A and PPARα increased, the expression of lipid synthesis related proteins SREBF1 and SCD1 decreased and the production of lipid droplets, MDA and ROS decreased. Conclusion SIS3 alleviates oxidative stress, reduces lipid accumulation and promotes fatty acid oxidation through NDRG1 in cisplatin-induced AKI. Our study provides a new candidate protein for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid metabolism disorders in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine/ICU (Intensive Care Unit), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tanqi Lou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiyan Lai
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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8
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Li XQ, Cai MP, Wang MY, Shi BW, Yang GY, Wang J, Chu BB, Ming SL. Pseudorabies virus manipulates mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 2 for viral replication. Virol Sin 2024; 39:403-413. [PMID: 38636706 PMCID: PMC11279775 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The pseudorabies virus (PRV) is identified as a double-helical DNA virus responsible for causing Aujeszky's disease, which results in considerable economic impacts globally. The enzyme tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (WARS2), a mitochondrial protein involved in protein synthesis, is recognized for its broad expression and vital role in the translation process. The findings of our study showed an increase in both mRNA and protein levels of WARS2 following PRV infection in both cell cultures and animal models. Suppressing WARS2 expression via RNA interference in PK-15 cells led to a reduction in PRV infection rates, whereas enhancing WARS2 expression resulted in increased infection rates. Furthermore, the activation of WARS2 in response to PRV was found to be reliant on the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway and the interferon-alpha receptor-1, highlighting its regulation via the type I interferon signaling pathway. Further analysis revealed that reducing WARS2 levels hindered PRV's ability to promote protein and lipid synthesis. Our research provides novel evidence that WARS2 facilitates PRV infection through its management of protein and lipid levels, presenting new avenues for developing preventative and therapeutic measures against PRV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meng-Pan Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Bo-Wen Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Sheng-Li Ming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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9
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Liang DG, Guo YK, Zhao SB, Yang GY, Han YQ, Chu BB, Ming SL. Pseudorabies virus hijacks the Rab6 protein to promote viral assembly and egress. Vet Res 2024; 55:68. [PMID: 38807225 PMCID: PMC11134627 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is recognized as the aetiological agent responsible for Aujeszky's disease, or pseudorabies, in swine populations. Rab6, a member of the small GTPase family, is implicated in various membrane trafficking processes, particularly exocytosis regulation. Its involvement in PRV infection, however, has not been documented previously. In our study, we observed a significant increase in the Rab6 mRNA and protein levels in both PK-15 porcine kidney epithelial cells and porcine alveolar macrophages, as well as in the lungs and spleens of mice infected with PRV. The overexpression of wild-type Rab6 and its GTP-bound mutant facilitated PRV proliferation, whereas the GDP-bound mutant form of Rab6 had no effect on viral propagation. These findings indicated that the GTPase activity of Rab6 was crucial for the successful spread of PRV. Further investigations revealed that the reduction in Rab6 levels through knockdown significantly hampered PRV proliferation and disrupted virus assembly and egress. At the molecular level, Rab6 was found to interact with the PRV glycoproteins gB and gE, both of which are essential for viral assembly and egress. Our results collectively suggest that PRV exploits Rab6 to expedite its assembly and egress and identify Rab6 as a promising novel target for therapeutic treatment for PRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ge Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Kun Guo
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, College of Food and Drugs, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China
| | - Shi-Bo Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Ying-Qian Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Sheng-Li Ming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
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10
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Li GL, Han YQ, Su BQ, Yu HS, Zhang S, Yang GY, Wang J, Liu F, Ming SL, Chu BB. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 hijacks CMA-mediated lipolysis through upregulation of small GTPase RAB18. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012123. [PMID: 38607975 PMCID: PMC11014436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
RAB GTPases (RABs) control intracellular membrane trafficking with high precision. In the present study, we carried out a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen focused on a library of 62 RABs during infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2), a member of the family Arteriviridae. We found that 13 RABs negatively affect the yield of PRRSV-2 progeny virus, whereas 29 RABs have a positive impact on the yield of PRRSV-2 progeny virus. Further analysis revealed that PRRSV-2 infection transcriptionally regulated RAB18 through RIG-I/MAVS-mediated canonical NF-κB activation. Disrupting RAB18 expression led to the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), impaired LDs catabolism, and flawed viral replication and assembly. We also discovered that PRRSV-2 co-opts chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) for lipolysis via RAB18, as indicated by the enhanced associations between RAB18 and perlipin 2 (PLIN2), CMA-specific lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), and heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8 (HSPA8/HSC70) during PRRSV-2 infection. Knockdown of HSPA8 and LAMP2A impacted on the yield of PRRSV-2 progeny virus, implying that the virus utilizes RAB18 to promote CMA-mediated lipolysis. Importantly, we determined that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of HSPA8 could bind to the switch II domain of RAB18, and the CTD of PLIN2 was capable of associating with HSPA8, suggesting that HSPA8 facilitates the interaction between RAB18 and PLIN2 in the CMA process. In summary, our findings elucidate how PRRSV-2 hijacks CMA-mediated lipid metabolism through innate immune activation to enhance the yield of progeny virus, offering novel insights for the development of anti-PRRSV-2 treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Li Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ying-Qian Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bing-Qian Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Shen Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Li Ming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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11
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Zhang S, Zeng L, Su BQ, Yang GY, Wang J, Ming SL, Chu BB. The glycoprotein 5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus stimulates mitochondrial ROS to facilitate viral replication. mBio 2023; 14:e0265123. [PMID: 38047681 PMCID: PMC10746205 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02651-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) presents a significant economic concern for the global swine industry due to its connection to serious production losses and increased mortality rates. There is currently no specific treatment for PRRSV. Previously, we had uncovered that PRRSV-activated lipophagy to facilitate viral replication. However, the precise mechanism that PRRSV used to trigger autophagy remained unclear. Here, we found that PRRSV GP5 enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake from ER by promoting ER-mitochondria contact, resulting in mROS release. Elevated mROS induced autophagy, which alleviated NLRP3 inflammasome activation for optimal viral replication. Our study shed light on a novel mechanism revealing how PRRSV exploits mROS to facilitate viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bing-Qian Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Li Ming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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12
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Deng Y, Yang X, Chen J, Yang S, Chi H, Chen C, Yang X, Hou C. Jute ( Corchorus olitorius L.) Nanocrystalline Cellulose Inhibits Insect Virus via Gut Microbiota and Metabolism. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21662-21677. [PMID: 37906569 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), exhibiting a number of exceptional performance characteristics, is widely used in food fields. However, little is known about the relationship between NCC and the antiviral effect in animals. Here, we tested the function of NCC in antiviral methods utilizing honey bees as the model organism employing Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), a typical RNA virus of honey bees. In both the lab and the field, we fed the IAPV-infected bees various doses of jute NCC (JNCC) under carefully controlled conditions. We found that JNCC can reduce IAPV proliferation and improve gut health. The metagenome profiling suggested that IAPV infection significantly decreased the abundance of gut core bacteria, while JNCC therapy considerably increased the abundance of the gut core bacteria Snodgrassella alvi and Lactobacillus Firm-4. Subsequent metabolome analysis further revealed that JNCC promoted the biosynthesis of fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, accelerated the purine metabolism, and then increased the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the genes involved in the Wnt and apoptosis signaling pathways against IAPV infection. Our results highlighted that JNCC could be considered as a prospective candidate agent against a viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Xiai Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Sa Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Chi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Chenxiao Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
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13
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Yao Y, Li S, Zhu Y, Xu Y, Hao S, Guo S, Feng WH. miR-204 suppresses porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication via inhibiting LC3B-mediated autophagy. Virol Sin 2023; 38:690-698. [PMID: 37454810 PMCID: PMC10590697 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) has been regarded as a persistent challenge for the swine farms worldwide. microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in regulating almost every important biological process, including virus-host interaction. In this study, we found that miR-204 was highly expressed in cells that were not permissive to PRRSV infection compared with cells susceptible to PRRSV infection. Subsequently, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-204 significantly inhibited PRRSV replication in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Through bioinformatic analysis, we found that there existed a potential binding site of miR-204 on the 3'UTR of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B, LC3B), a hallmark of autophagy. Applying experiments including luciferase reporter assay and UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) assay, we demonstrated that miR-204 directly targeted LC3B, thereby downregulating autophagy. Meanwhile, we investigated the interplay between autophagy and PRRSV replication in PAMs, confirming that PRRSV infection induces autophagy, which in turn facilitates viral replication. Overall, we verify that miR-204 suppresses PRRSV replication via inhibiting LC3B-mediated autophagy in PAMs. These findings will provide a novel potential approach for us to develop antiviral therapeutic agents and controlling measures for future PRRSV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wen-Hai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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14
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Shen HH, Zhao Q, Wen YP, Wu R, Du SY, Huang XB, Wen XT, Cao SJ, Zeng L, Yan QG. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus upregulates SMPDL3B to promote viral replication by modulating lipid metabolism. iScience 2023; 26:107450. [PMID: 37583552 PMCID: PMC10424083 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) poses a severe threat to the health of pigs globally. Host factors play a critical role in PRRSV replication. Using PRRSV as a model for genome-scale CRISPR knockout (KO) screening, we identified a host factor critical to PRRSV infection: sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3B (SMPDL3B). Our findings show that SMPDL3B restricted PRRSV attachment, entry, replication, and secretion and that its depletion significantly inhibited PRRSV proliferation, indicating that SMPDL3B plays a positive role in PRRSV replication. Our data also show that SMPDL3B deficiency resulted in an accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs). The expression level of key genes (ACC, SCD-1, and FASN) involved in lipogenesis was increased, whereas the fundamental lipolysis gene, ATGL, was inhibited when SMPDL3B was knocked down. Overall, our findings suggest that SMPDL3B deficiency can effectively inhibit viral infection through the modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sen-Yan Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin-Tian Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
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15
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Qu Y, Wang W, Xiao MZX, Zheng Y, Liang Q. The interplay between lipid droplets and virus infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28967. [PMID: 37496184 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As an intracellular parasite, the virus usurps cellular machinery and modulates cellular metabolism pathways to replicate itself in cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) are universally conserved energy storage organelles that not only play vital roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis but are also involved in viral replication. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that viruses take advantage of cellular lipid metabolism by targeting the biogenesis, hydrolysis, and lipophagy of LD during viral infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the modulation of cellular LD by different viruses, with a special emphasis on the Hepatitis C virus, Dengue virus, and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Qu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maggie Z X Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Li XQ, Zeng L, Liang DG, Qi YL, Yang GY, Zhong K, Chu BB, Wang J. TMEM41B Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene That Promotes Pseudorabies Virus Replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0041223. [PMID: 37255475 PMCID: PMC10308899 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00412-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that causes Aujeszky's disease and is responsible for economic loss worldwide. Transmembrane protein 41B (TMEM41B) is a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized regulator of autophagosome biogenesis and lipid mobilization; however, the role of TMEM41B in regulating PRV replication remains undocumented. In this study, PRV infection was found to upregulate TMEM41B mRNA and protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. For the first time, we found that TMEM41B could be induced by interferon (IFN), suggesting that TMEM41B is an IFN-stimulated gene (ISG). While TMEM41B knockdown suppressed PRV proliferation, TMEM41B overexpression promoted PRV proliferation. We next studied the specific stages of the virus life cycle and found that TMEM41B knockdown affected PRV entry. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the knockdown of TMEM41B blocked PRV-stimulated expression of the key enzymes involved in lipid synthesis. Additionally, TMEM41B knockdown played a role in the dynamics of lipid-regulated PRV entry-dependent clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Lipid replenishment restored the CCP dynamic and PRV entry in TMEM41B knockdown cells. Together, our results indicate that TMEM41B plays a role in PRV infection via regulating lipid homeostasis. IMPORTANCE PRV belongs to the alphaherpesvirus subfamily and can establish and maintain a lifelong latent infection in pigs. As such, an intermittent active cycle presents great challenges to the prevention and control of PRV disease and is responsible for serious economic losses to the pig breeding industry. Studies have shown that lipids play a crucial role in PRV proliferation. Thus, the manipulation of lipid metabolism may represent a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of PRV. In this study, we report that the ER transmembrane protein TMEM41B is a novel ISG involved in PRV infection by regulating lipid synthesis. Therefore, our findings indicate that targeting TMEM41B may be a promising approach for the development of PRV vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Qing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Dong-Ge Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Li Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Kai Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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17
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Mindin Activates Autophagy for Lipid Utilization and Facilitates White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection in Shrimp. mBio 2023; 14:e0291922. [PMID: 36779788 PMCID: PMC10127999 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02919-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindin is a secreted extracellular matrix protein that is involved in regulating cellular events through interacting with integrin. Studies have demonstrated its role in host immunity, including phagocytosis, cell migration, and cytokine production. However, the function of Mindin in the host-virus interaction is largely unknown. In the present study, we report that Mindin facilitates virus infection by activating lipid utilization in an arthropod, kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). Shrimp Mindin facilitates white spot syndrome virus infection by facilitating viral entry and replication. By activating autophagy, Mindin induces lipid droplet consumption, the hydrolysis of triglycerides into free fatty acids, and ATP production, ultimately providing energy for virus infection. Moreover, integrin is essential for Mindin-mediated autophagy and lipid utilization. Therefore, by revealing the mechanism by which Mindin facilitates virus infection through regulating lipid metabolism, the present study reveals the significance of Mindin in the host-virus interaction. IMPORTANCE White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that has had a serious influence on worldwide shrimp farming in the last 30 years. We have demonstrated that WSSV hijacks host autophagy and lipid metabolism for reproduction in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). These findings revealed the mechanism by which WSSV exploits host machinery for its infection and provided serial targets for WSSV prevention and control in shrimp farming.
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Omasta B, Tomaskova J. Cellular Lipids-Hijacked Victims of Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:1896. [PMID: 36146703 PMCID: PMC9501026 DOI: 10.3390/v14091896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the millions of years-long co-evolution with their hosts, viruses have evolved plenty of mechanisms through which they are able to escape cellular anti-viral defenses and utilize cellular pathways and organelles for replication and production of infectious virions. In recent years, it has become clear that lipids play an important role during viral replication. Viruses use cellular lipids in a variety of ways throughout their life cycle. They not only physically interact with cellular membranes but also alter cellular lipid metabolic pathways and lipid composition to create an optimal replication environment. This review focuses on examples of how different viruses exploit cellular lipids in different cellular compartments during their life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jana Tomaskova
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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19
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Corbett RJ, Luttman AM, Herrera-Uribe J, Liu H, Raney NE, Grabowski JM, Loving CL, Tuggle CK, Ernst CW. Assessment of DNA methylation in porcine immune cells reveals novel regulatory elements associated with cell-specific gene expression and immune capacity traits. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:575. [PMID: 35953767 PMCID: PMC9367135 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetics studies in the porcine immune system have enhanced selection practices for disease resistance phenotypes and increased the efficacy of porcine models in biomedical research; however limited functional annotation of the porcine immunome has hindered progress on both fronts. Among epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression, DNA methylation is the most ubiquitous modification made to the DNA molecule and influences transcription factor binding as well as gene and phenotype expression. Human and mouse DNA methylation studies have improved mapping of regulatory elements in these species, but comparable studies in the pig have been limited in scope. Results We performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to assess DNA methylation patterns in nine pig immune cell populations: CD21+ and CD21− B cells, four T cell fractions (CD4+, CD8+, CD8+CD4+, and SWC6γδ+), natural killer and myeloid cells, and neutrophils. We identified 54,391 cell differentially methylated regions (cDMRs), and clustering by cDMR methylation rate grouped samples by cell lineage. 32,737 cDMRs were classified as cell lowly methylated regions (cLMRs) in at least one cell type, and cLMRs were broadly enriched in genes and regions of intermediate CpG density. We observed strong correlations between differential methylation and expression across immune cell populations, with cell-specific low methylation disproportionately impacting genes exhibiting enriched gene expression in the same cell type. Motif analysis of cLMRs revealed cell type-specific enrichment of transcription factor binding motifs, indicating that cell-specific methylation patterns may influence accessibility by trans-acting factors. Lastly, cDMRs were enriched for immune capacity GWAS SNPs, and many such overlaps occurred within genes known to influence immune cell development and function (CD8B, NDRG1). Conclusion Our DNA methylation data improve functional annotation of the porcine genome through characterization of epigenomic regulatory patterns that contribute to immune cell identity and function, and increase the potential for identifying mechanistic links between genotype and phenotype. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08773-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Corbett
- Genetics & Genome Sciences Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Andrea M Luttman
- Genetics & Genome Sciences Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Haibo Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nancy E Raney
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jenna M Grabowski
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Catherine W Ernst
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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20
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Liu Y, Zhou T, Hu J, Jin S, Wu J, Guan X, Wu Y, Cui J. Targeting Selective Autophagy as a Therapeutic Strategy for Viral Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889835. [PMID: 35572624 PMCID: PMC9096610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation system which can recycle multiple cytoplasmic components under both physiological and stressful conditions. Autophagy could be highly selective to deliver different cargoes or substrates, including protein aggregates, pathogenic proteins or superfluous organelles to lysosome using a series of cargo receptor proteins. During viral invasion, cargo receptors selectively target pathogenic components to autolysosome to defense against infection. However, viruses not only evolve different strategies to counteract and escape selective autophagy, but also utilize selective autophagy to restrict antiviral responses to expedite viral replication. Furthermore, several viruses could activate certain forms of selective autophagy, including mitophagy, lipophagy, aggrephagy, and ferritinophagy, for more effective infection and replication. The complicated relationship between selective autophagy and viral infection indicates that selective autophagy may provide potential therapeutic targets for human infectious diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress on the interplay between selective autophagy and host antiviral defense, aiming to arouse the importance of modulating selective autophagy as future therapies toward viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouheng Jin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoxing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Yu PW, Fu PF, Zeng L, Qi YL, Li XQ, Wang Q, Yang GY, Li HW, Wang J, Chu BB, Wang MD. EGCG Restricts PRRSV Proliferation by Disturbing Lipid Metabolism. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0227621. [PMID: 35404086 PMCID: PMC9045245 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02276-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection leads to late-term reproductive failure and respiratory illness that affect the global swine industry. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic compound from green tea that exerts antiviral activity against diverse viruses. This study aimed to report an uncharacterized mechanism of how EGCG restricted PRRSV proliferation. EGCG showed no significant effects on cell viability, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in porcine alveolar macrophages and MARC-145 cells. The treatment of cells with EGCG attenuated the replication of both highly pathogenic and less pathogenic PRRSV in vitro. The viral life cycle analysis demonstrated that EGCG affected PRRSV replication and assembly, but not viral attachment, entry, or release. Interestingly, EGCG treatment abrogated the increased lipid droplets formation and lipid content induced by PRRSV infection. We further demonstrated that EGCG blocked PRRSV-stimulated expression of the key enzymes in lipid synthesis. In addition, EGCG attenuated PRRSV-induced autophagy that is critical for PRRSV proliferation. The supplementation of oleic acid restored PRRSV replication and assembly under EGCG treatment. Together, our results support that EGCG inhibits PRRSV proliferation through disturbing lipid metabolism. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an enveloped single-positive-stranded RNA virus that causes acute respiratory distress in piglets and reproductive failure in sows, resulting in huge economic losses to the global swine industry. Several lines of evidence have suggested the crucial roles of lipids in PRRSV proliferation. Our previous report demonstrated that PRRSV activated lipophagy to facilitate viral replication through downregulating the expression of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1. The manipulation of lipid metabolism may be a new perspective to prevent PRRSV spread. In the present study, we reported that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major component of green tea catechins, significantly attenuated PRRSV infection through inhibiting lipid synthesis and autophagy. Given that natural products derived from plants have helped in the prevention and treatment of various infectious diseases, EGCG has a great potential to serve as a safe and environmentally friendly natural compound to treat PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Li Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Qing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Wei Li
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Di Wang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Jiang H, Kan X, Ding C, Sun Y. The Multi-Faceted Role of Autophagy During Animal Virus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:858953. [PMID: 35402295 PMCID: PMC8990858 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.858953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of degradation to maintain cellular homeostatic by lysosomes, which ensures cellular survival under various stress conditions, including nutrient deficiency, hypoxia, high temperature, and pathogenic infection. Xenophagy, a form of selective autophagy, serves as a defense mechanism against multiple intracellular pathogen types, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Recent years have seen a growing list of animal viruses with autophagy machinery. Although the relationship between autophagy and human viruses has been widely summarized, little attention has been paid to the role of this cellular function in the veterinary field, especially today, with the growth of serious zoonotic diseases. The mechanisms of the same virus inducing autophagy in different species, or different viruses inducing autophagy in the same species have not been clarified. In this review, we examine the role of autophagy in important animal viral infectious diseases and discuss the regulation mechanisms of different animal viruses to provide a potential theoretical basis for therapeutic strategies, such as targets of new vaccine development or drugs, to improve industrial production in farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianjin Kan
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjie Sun, ; Chan Ding,
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Department of Avian Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute. Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjie Sun, ; Chan Ding,
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23
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Host Cells Actively Resist Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection via the IRF8-MicroRNA-10a-SRP14 Regulatory Pathway. J Virol 2022; 96:e0000322. [PMID: 35293774 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00003-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the virus-host interaction. Our previous work has indicated that the expression level of miR-10a increased in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) during porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection and further inhibited viral replication through downregulates the expression of host molecule signal-recognition particle 14 (SRP14) protein. However, the molecular mechanism of miR-10a increased after PRRSV infection remains unknown. In the present study, transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) was identified as a negative regulator of miR-10a. PRRSV infection decreases the expression level of IRF8 in PAMs, leading to upregulating miR-10a expression to play an anti-PRRSV role. Meanwhile, this work first proved that IRF8 promoted PRRSV replication in an miR-10a-dependent manner. Further, we explained that SRP14, the target gene of miR-10a, promotes the synthesis of the PRRSV genome by interacting with the viral components Nsp2, thus facilitating PRRSV replication. In conclusion, we identified a novel IRF8-miR-10a-SRP14 regulatory pathway against PRRSV infection, which provides new insights into virus-host interactions and suggests potential new antiviral strategies to control PRRSV. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has rapidly spread to the global pig industry and caused incalculable economic damage since first discovered in the 1980s. However, conventional vaccines do not provide satisfactory protection. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of host resistance to PRRSV infection is necessary to develop safe and effective strategies to control PRRSV. During viral infection, miRNAs play vital roles in regulating the expression of viral or host genes at the posttranscriptional level. The significance of our study is that we revealed the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the antiviral molecule miR-10a after PRRSV infection. Moreover, our research also explained the mechanism of host molecule SRP14, the target gene of miR-10a regulating PRRSV replication. Thus, we report a novel regulatory pathway of IRF8-miR-10a-SRP14 against PRRSV infection, which provides new insights into virus-host interactions and suggests potential new control measures for future PRRSV outbreaks.
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24
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Tumor Susceptibility Gene 101 (TSG101) Contributes to Virion Formation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Interaction with the Nucleocapsid (N) Protein along with the Early Secretory Pathway. J Virol 2022; 96:e0000522. [PMID: 35080428 PMCID: PMC8941886 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00005-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused huge economic losses to global swine industry. As an intracellular obligate pathogen, PRRSV exploits host cellular machinery to establish infection. The endocytic sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system has been shown to participate in different life cycle stages of multiple viruses. In the current study, a systematic small interference RNA (siRNA) screening assay identified that certain ESCRT components contributed to PRRSV infection. Among them, tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) was demonstrated to be important for PRRSV infection by knockdown and overexpression assays. TSG101 was further revealed to be involved in virion formation rather than viral attachment, internalization, RNA replication and nucleocapsid (N) protein translation within the first round of PRRSV life cycle. In detail, TSG101 was determined to specially interact with PRRSV N protein and take effect on its subcellular localization along with the early secretory pathway. Taken together, these results provide evidence that TSG101 is a pro-viral cellular factor for PRRSV assembly, which will be a promising target to interfere with the viral infection. IMPORTANCE PRRSV infection results in a serious swine disease affecting pig farming in the world. However, efficient prevention and control of PRRSV is hindered by its complicated infection process. Up to now, our understanding of PRRSV assembly during infection is especially limited. Here, we identified that TSG101, an ESCRT-I subunit, facilitated virion formation of PRRSV via interaction with the viral N protein along with the early secretory pathway. Our work actually expands the knowledge of PRRSV infection and provides a novel therapeutic target for prevention and control of the virus.
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25
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A Decade of Mighty Lipophagy: What We Know and What Facts We Need to Know? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5539161. [PMID: 34777688 PMCID: PMC8589519 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5539161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are integral cellular components that act as substrates for energy provision, signaling molecules, and essential constituents of biological membranes along with a variety of other biological functions. Despite their significance, lipid accumulation may result in lipotoxicity, impair autophagy, and lysosomal function that may lead to certain diseases and metabolic syndromes like obesity and even cell death. Therefore, these lipids are continuously recycled and redistributed by the process of selective autophagy specifically termed as lipophagy. This selective form of autophagy employs lysosomes for the maintenance of cellular lipid homeostasis. In this review, we have reviewed the current literature about how lipid droplets (LDs) are recruited towards lysosomes, cross-talk between a variety of autophagy receptors present on LD surface and lysosomes, and lipid hydrolysis by lysosomal enzymes. In addition to it, we have tried to answer most of the possible questions related to lipophagy regulation at different levels. Moreover, in the last part of this review, we have discussed some of the pathological states due to the accumulation of these LDs and their possible treatments under the light of currently available findings.
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Lipid droplets are beneficial for rabies virus replication by facilitating viral budding. J Virol 2021; 96:e0147321. [PMID: 34757839 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01473-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an old zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), but the pathogenic mechanism of RABV is still not completely understood. Lipid droplets have been reported to play a role in pathogenesis of several viruses. However, its role on RABV infection remains unclear. Here, we initially found that RABV infection upregulated lipid droplet (LD) production in multiple cells and mouse brains. After the treatment of atorvastatin, a specific inhibitor of LD, RABV replication in N2a cells decreased. Then we found that RABV infection could upregulate N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), which in turn enhance the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2 (DGAT1/2). DGAT1/2 could elevate cellular triglycerides synthesis and ultimately promote intracellular LD formation. Furthermore, we found that RABV-M and RABV-G, which were mainly involved in the viral budding process, could colocalize with LDs, indicating that RABV might utilize LDs as a carrier to facilitate viral budding and eventually increase virus production. Taken together, our study reveals that lipid droplets are beneficial for RABV replication and their biogenesis is regulated via NDRG1-DGAT1/2 pathway, which provides novel potential targets for developing anti-RABV drugs. IMPORTANCE Lipid droplets have been proven to play an important role in viral infections, but its role in RABV infection has not yet been elaborated. Here, we find that RABV infection upregulates the generation of LDs by enhancing the expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1). Then NDRG1 elevated cellular triglycerides synthesis by increasing the activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1/2 (DGAT1/2), which promotes the biogenesis of LDs. RABV-M and RABV-G, which are the major proteins involved in viral budding, could utilize LDs as a carrier and transport to cell membrane, resulting in enhanced virus budding. Our findings will extend the knowledge of lipid metabolism in RABV infection and help to explore potential therapeutic targets for RABV.
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Functionally active cyclin-dependent kinase 9 is essential for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus subgenomic RNA synthesis. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:351-364. [PMID: 33990004 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a key regulator of RNA-polymerase II and a candidate therapeutic target for various virus infections such as respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus, human adenovirus, human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis virus B, and human papillomavirus. We employed CDK9-IN-1, a selective CDK9 inhibitor, to investigate the role of CDK9 in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. CDK9-IN-1 dose-dependently reduced PRRSV replication without cytotoxicity in the infected cells. The antiviral activity of CDK9-IN-1 was further confirmed by evaluating the effects of lentivirus-mediated CDK9 knockdown or CDK9 overexpression on PRRSV infection. Briefly, the depletion of CDK9 significantly inhibited viral replication, while the overexpression of CDK9 promoted viral replication. PRRSV infection also enhanced the nuclear export of CDK9 without affecting CDK9 protein expression. Viral replication cycle analyses further revealed that functionally active CDK9 in the cytosol advanced viral subgenomic RNA synthesis. Collectively, our data illustrated that CDK9 was a new host factor that was involved in PRRSV subgenomic RNA synthesis, and CDK9 inhibitor, CDK9-IN-1 was a promising antiviral candidate for PRRSV infection.
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Merino GA, Raad J, Bugnon LA, Yones C, Kamenetzky L, Claus J, Ariel F, Milone DH, Stegmayer G. Novel SARS-CoV-2 encoded small RNAs in the passage to humans. Bioinformatics 2021; 36:5571-5581. [PMID: 33244583 PMCID: PMC7717134 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently emerged as the responsible for the pandemic outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This virus is closely related to coronaviruses infecting bats and Malayan pangolins, species suspected to be an intermediate host in the passage to humans. Several genomic mutations affecting viral proteins have been identified, contributing to the understanding of the recent animal-to-human transmission. However, the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 to encode functional putative microRNAs (miRNAs) remains largely unexplored. Results We have used deep learning to discover 12 candidate stem-loop structures hidden in the viral protein-coding genome. Among the precursors, the expression of eight mature miRNAs-like sequences was confirmed in small RNA-seq data from SARS-CoV-2 infected human cells. Predicted miRNAs are likely to target a subset of human genes of which 109 are transcriptionally deregulated upon infection. Remarkably, 28 of those genes potentially targeted by SARS-CoV-2 miRNAs are down-regulated in infected human cells. Interestingly, most of them have been related to respiratory diseases and viral infection, including several afflictions previously associated with SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. The comparison of SARS-CoV-2 pre-miRNA sequences with those from bat and pangolin coronaviruses suggests that single nucleotide mutations could have helped its progenitors jumping inter-species boundaries, allowing the gain of novel mature miRNAs targeting human mRNAs. Our results suggest that the recent acquisition of novel miRNAs-like sequences in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may have contributed to modulate the transcriptional reprogramming of the new host upon infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Merino
- Research Institute for Signals, Systems and Computational Intelligence (sinc(i)), FICH-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina.,Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Research and Development Institute (IBB), FI-UNER, CONICET, Entre Ríos 3100, Argentina.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridgeshire CB101SD, UK
| | - Jonathan Raad
- Research Institute for Signals, Systems and Computational Intelligence (sinc(i)), FICH-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Leandro A Bugnon
- Research Institute for Signals, Systems and Computational Intelligence (sinc(i)), FICH-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Cristian Yones
- Research Institute for Signals, Systems and Computational Intelligence (sinc(i)), FICH-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamenetzky
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, UBA-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Genómica y Bioinformática de Patógenos, iB3, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología traslacional, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Juan Claus
- Laboratorio de Virología, FBCB, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Federico Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (IAL), CONICET, FBCB, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Diego H Milone
- Research Institute for Signals, Systems and Computational Intelligence (sinc(i)), FICH-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
| | - Georgina Stegmayer
- Research Institute for Signals, Systems and Computational Intelligence (sinc(i)), FICH-UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina
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The Function of the PRRSV-Host Interactions and Their Effects on Viral Replication and Propagation in Antiviral Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9040364. [PMID: 33918746 PMCID: PMC8070056 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) affects the global swine industry and causes disastrous economic losses each year. The genome of PRRSV is an enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA of approximately 15 kb. The PRRSV replicates primarily in alveolar macrophages of pig lungs and lymphatic organs and causes reproductive problems in sows and respiratory symptoms in piglets. To date, studies on how PRRSV survives in the host, the host immune response against viral infections, and pathogenesis, have been reported. PRRSV vaccines have been developed, including inactive virus, modified live virus, attenuated live vaccine, DNA vaccine, and immune adjuvant vaccines. However, there are certain problems with the durability and effectiveness of the licensed vaccines. Moreover, the high variability and fast-evolving populations of this RNA virus challenge the design of PRRSV vaccines, and thus effective vaccines against PRRSV have not been developed successfully. As is well known, viruses interact with the host to escape the host’s immune response and then replicate and propagate in the host, which is the key to virus survival. Here, we review the complex network and the mechanism of PRRSV–host interactions in the processes of virus infection. It is critical to develop novel antiviral strategies against PRRSV by studying these host–virus interactions and structures to better understand the molecular mechanisms of PRRSV immune escape.
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Deng Y, Zhao H, Shen S, Yang S, Yang D, Deng S, Hou C. Identification of Immune Response to Sacbrood Virus Infection in Apis cerana Under Natural Condition. Front Genet 2020; 11:587509. [PMID: 33193724 PMCID: PMC7649357 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.587509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese sacbrood virus (CSBV) is a serious threat to eastern honeybees (Apis cerana), especially larvae. However, the pathological mechanism of this deadly disease remains unclear. Here, we employed mRNA and small RNA (sRNA) transcriptome approach to investigate the microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) expression changes of A. cerana larvae infected with CSBV under natural condition. We found that serine proteases involved in immune response were down-regulated, while the expression of siRNAs targeted to serine proteases were up-regulated. In addition, CSBV infection also affected the expression of larvae cuticle proteins such as larval cuticle proteins A1A and A3A, resulting in increased susceptibility to CSBV infection. Together, our results provide insights into sRNAs that they are likely to be involved in regulating honeybee immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Deng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences), Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Sa Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Dahe Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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31
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Lin PW, Chu ML, Liu HS. Autophagy and metabolism. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2020; 37:12-19. [PMID: 33021078 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism consists of diverse life-sustaining chemical reactions in living organisms. Autophagy is a highly conservative process that responds to various internal and external stresses. Both processes utilize surrounding resources to provide energy and nutrients for the cell. Autophagy progression may proceed to the degradative or secretory pathway determined by Rab family proteins. The former is a degradative and lysosome-dependent catabolic process that produces energy and provides nutrients for the synthesis of essential proteins. The degradative pathway also balances the energy source of the cell and regulates tissue homeostasis. The latter is a newly discovered pathway in which the autophagosome is fused with the plasma membrane. Secretory autophagy participates in diverse functions and diseases ranging from the spread of viral particles to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Aberrant metabolism in the body causes various metabolic syndromes. This review explores the relationships among autophagy, metabolism, and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Wen Lin
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Ling Chu
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Center for Cancer Research, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Weng S, Gao F, Wang J, Li X, Chu B, Wang J, Yang G. Improvement of muscular atrophy by AAV-SaCas9-mediated myostatin gene editing in aged mice. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:960-975. [PMID: 32398787 PMCID: PMC7725670 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Muscle mass and area usually decrease with age, and this phenomenon is known as sarcopenia. This age-related atrophy correlates with insufficient levels of muscle cells differentiate and proliferate regulated by the TGF-β signaling pathway and the expression of E3s ubiquitin-protein ligase by the aged. Sarcopenia makes a huge impact on the aging society, because it has the characteristic of high incidence, extensive adverse effects and disease aggravation gradually. Guided by a single-guide RNA (sgRNA), Cas9 nuclease has been widely used in genome editing, opening up a new pathway for sarcopenia treatment. Here, we present two rAAV9 systems, pX601-AAV-CMV:SaCas9-U6:sgRNA and pX601-AAV-EF1α:SaCas9-tRNAGLN: sgRNA, which edited myostatin efficiently. By delivering the two rAAV-SaCas9 targets to myostatin via intramuscular injection of aged mice, an increase in body weight and an increase in the number and area of myofibers were observed. Knockout of myostatin led to TGF-β signaling pathway changes, and increased MyoD, Pax7 and MyoG protein levels and increased the number of satellite cells to improve muscle cells differentiation. Moreover, knockout of myostatin prevented the atrophy of muscle cells through reduced Murf1 and MAFbx protein levels. We found that both rAAV-SaCas9 systems had gene editing efficiency, reducing the expression of myostatin by affecting the relevant signaling pathways, thereby altering the physiological status. We showed that myostatin has an important role in activating skeletal muscle proliferation and inhibiting muscular atrophy during aging. Thus, we propose that knockout of myostatin using the rAAV9-SaCas9 system has significant therapeutic potential in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Weng
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Chu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoyu Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Sahni S, Gillson J, Park KC, Chiang S, Leck LYW, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. NDRG1 suppresses basal and hypoxia-induced autophagy at both the initiation and degradation stages and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129625. [PMID: 32335136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is an established stress-response protein. This study investigated the effects of NDRG1 on autophagic degradation and how this can be therapeutically exploited. METHODS Cell culture, western analysis, confocal microscopy, acridine orange staining, cholesterol determination, cellular proliferation assessment and combination index (CI) estimation. RESULTS NDRG1 expression suppressed autophagic degradation and autolysosome formation, measured by increased p62 expression and reduced co-localization between the well-characterized, autophagosomal and lysosomal markers, LC3 and LAMP2, respectively. NDRG1 elicited autophagic suppression at the initiation stage of autophagy. The NDRG1-inducer and anti-cancer agent, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4,-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), was able to induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP). Over-expression of NDRG1 further sensitized cells to LMP mediated by both Dp44mT, or the redox active Dp44mT‑copper complex. This sensitization may be mediated via a decrease in cholesterol levels upon NDRG1 expression, as cholesterol stabilizes lysosomal membranes. However, the effect of NDRG1 on cholesterol appeared independent of the key energy homeostasis sensor, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), whose activation was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced by NDRG1. Finally, Dp44mT synergistically potentiated the anti-proliferative activity of Gemcitabine that activates autophagy. In fact, Dp44mT and Gemcitabine (Combination Index (CI): 0.38 ± 0.07) demonstrated higher synergism versus the autophagy inhibitor, Bafilomycin A1 and Gemcitabine (CI: 0.64 ± 0.19). CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, this study demonstrated a dual-inhibitory mechanism of NDRG1 on autophagic activity, and that NDRG1 expression sensitized cells to Dp44mT-induced LMP. Considering the ability of Dp44mT to inhibit autophagy, studies demonstrated the potential of combination therapy for cancer treatment of Dp44mT with Gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Josef Gillson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Shannon Chiang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lionel Yi Wen Leck
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Cancer Drug Resistance Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Cancer Drug Resistance Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; Centre for Cancer Cell Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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34
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Wang J, Li GL, Ming SL, Wang CF, Shi LJ, Su BQ, Wu HT, Zeng L, Han YQ, Liu ZH, Jiang DW, Du YK, Li XD, Zhang GP, Yang GY, Chu BB. BRD4 inhibition exerts anti-viral activity through DNA damage-dependent innate immune responses. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008429. [PMID: 32208449 PMCID: PMC7122826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin dynamics regulated by epigenetic modification is crucial in genome stability and gene expression. Various epigenetic mechanisms have been identified in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Here, we examined the effects of ten epigenetic agents on pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection by using GFP-reporter assays. Inhibitors of bromodomain protein 4 (BRD4), which receives much more attention in cancer than viral infection, was found to exhibit substantial anti-viral activity against PRV as well as a range of DNA and RNA viruses. We further demonstrated that BRD4 inhibition boosted a robust innate immune response. BRD4 inhibition also de-compacted chromatin structure and induced the DNA damage response, thereby triggering the activation of cGAS-mediated innate immunity and increasing host resistance to viral infection both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effect of BRD4 inhibition on viral infection was mainly attributed to the attenuation of viral attachment. Our findings reveal a unique mechanism through which BRD4 inhibition restrains viral infection and points to its potent therapeutic value for viral infectious diseases. BRD4 has been well investigated in tumorigenesis for its contribution to chromatin remodeling and gene transcription. BRD4 inhibitors are used as promising chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer therapy. Here, we show a unique mechanism through which BRD4 inhibition broadly inhibits attachment of DNA and RNA viruses through DNA damage-dependent antiviral innate immune activation via the cGAS-STING pathway, in both cell culture and an animal model. STING-associated innate immune signaling has been considered to be a new possibility for cancer therapy, and STING agonists have been tested in early clinical trials. Our data identify BRD4 inhibitors as a potent therapy not only for viral infection but also for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Li Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Li Ming
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Li-Juan Shi
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Qian Su
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Qian Han
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Hu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Da-Wei Jiang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Kun Du
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Gai-Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GYY); (BBC)
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (GYY); (BBC)
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