1
|
Akinyuwa MF, Price BK, Kang SH. Characterization of the proteins encoded by a recently emerged cotton-infecting Polerovirus. Virus Genes 2024; 60:563-567. [PMID: 38907176 PMCID: PMC11384633 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-024-02086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLDV), an important viral pathogen responsible for substantial losses in cotton crops, has recently emerged in the United States (US). Although CLDV shares similarities with other members of the genus Polerovirus in terms of encoded proteins, their functional characteristics remain largely unexplored. In this study, we expressed and analyzed each protein encoded by CLDV to determine its intracellular localization using fluorescence protein fusion. We also evaluated their potential to induce plant responses, such as the induction of hypersensitive response-like necrosis and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Our findings show that the proteins encoded by CLDV exhibit comparable localization patterns and elicit similar robust plant responses as observed with cognate proteins from other viruses within the genus Polerovirus. This study contributes to our understanding of the functional repertoire of genes carried by Polerovirus members, particularly to CLDV that has recently emerged as a widespread viral pathogen infecting cotton in the US.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Akinyuwa
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Bailee K Price
- College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
- Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Kang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mbewe W, Mukasa S, Ochwo-Ssemakula M, Sseruwagi P, Tairo F, Ndunguru J, Duffy S. Cassava brown streak virus evolves with a nucleotide-substitution rate that is typical for the family Potyviridae. Virus Res 2024; 346:199397. [PMID: 38750679 PMCID: PMC11145536 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The ipomoviruses (family Potyviridae) that cause cassava brown streak disease (cassava brown streak virus [CBSV] and Uganda cassava brown streak virus [UCBSV]) are damaging plant pathogens that affect the sustainability of cassava production in East and Central Africa. However, little is known about the rate at which the viruses evolve and when they emerged in Africa - which inform how easily these viruses can host shift and resist RNAi approaches for control. We present here the rates of evolution determined from the coat protein gene (CP) of CBSV (Temporal signal in a UCBSV dataset was not sufficient for comparable analysis). Our BEAST analysis estimated the CBSV CP evolves at a mean rate of 1.43 × 10-3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year, with the most recent common ancestor of sampled CBSV isolates existing in 1944 (95% HPD, between years 1922 - 1963). We compared the published measured and estimated rates of evolution of CPs from ten families of plant viruses and showed that CBSV is an average-evolving potyvirid, but that members of Potyviridae evolve more quickly than members of Virgaviridae and the single representatives of Betaflexiviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caulimoviridae and Closteroviridae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willard Mbewe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 5196, Limbe, Malawi.
| | - Settumba Mukasa
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Department of Agricultural Production, P. O. Box 7062, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Department of Agricultural Production, P. O. Box 7062, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Sseruwagi
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Slaam, Tanzania
| | - Fred Tairo
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Slaam, Tanzania
| | - Joseph Ndunguru
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Slaam, Tanzania
| | - Siobain Duffy
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He MJ, Zuo DP, Zhang ZY, Wang Y, Han CG. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analyses of Myzus persicae Carrying Brassica Yellows Virus. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:908. [PMID: 37508340 PMCID: PMC10376434 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Viruses in the genus Polerovirus infect a wide range of crop plants and cause severe economic crop losses. BrYV belongs to the genus Polerovirus and is transmitted by Myzus persicae. However, the changes in transcriptome and proteome profiles of M. persicae during viral infection are unclear. Here, RNA-Seq and TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis were performed to compare the differences between viruliferous and nonviruliferous aphids. In total, 1266 DEGs were identified at the level of transcription with 980 DEGs being upregulated and 286 downregulated in viruliferous aphids. At the protein level, among the 18 DEPs identified, the number of upregulated proteins in viruliferous aphids was twice that of the downregulated DEPs. Enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs and DEPs were mainly involved in epidermal protein synthesis, phosphorylation, and various metabolic processes. Interestingly, the expressions of a number of cuticle proteins and tubulins were upregulated in viruliferous aphids. Taken together, our study revealed the complex regulatory network between BrYV and its vector M. persicae from the perspective of omics. These findings should be of great benefit to screening key factors involved in the process of virus circulation in aphids and provide new insights for BrYV prevention via vector control in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun He
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Deng-Pan Zuo
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zong-Ying Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cowan G, MacFarlane S, Torrance L. A new simple and effective method for PLRV infection to screen for virus resistance in potato. J Virol Methods 2023; 315:114691. [PMID: 36787852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective screening of plant germplasm collections for resistance to plant viruses requires that there is a rapid and efficient system in place to challenge individual plants with the virus. Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), a commercially important pathogen of potato, is able naturally to infect only the phloem-associated tissue of plants and is delivered to this tissue by feeding aphids. Mechanical (non-vector-mediated) infection by PLRV does not occur thus screening for PLRV resistance is currently laborious and time consuming. We constructed an infectious cDNA clone of a new (Hutton) isolate of PLRV in the binary vector pDIVA and transformed it into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. Infiltration of this culture into leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, a highly susceptible model plant, produced a systemic infection with PLRV, although this approach was not successful for potato. However, a very efficient and reproducible systemic infection of potato was achieved when we submerged cut stems of the plant into the agrobacterium cell suspension and then transplanted the stems into compost to grow roots and new apical leaves. Using a standardised protocol developed for this new PLRV inoculation method we have confirmed the previously described resistance to the virus in the JHI breeding line G8107(1) and identified 62 plant accessions from the Commonwealth Potato Collection in which no PLRV infection was detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham Cowan
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Dept., The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland.
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Dept., The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Lesley Torrance
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Dept., The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schiltz CJ, Wilson JR, Hosford CJ, Adams MC, Preising SE, DeBlasio SL, MacLeod HJ, Van Eck J, Heck ML, Chappie JS. Polerovirus N-terminal readthrough domain structures reveal molecular strategies for mitigating virus transmission by aphids. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6368. [PMID: 36289207 PMCID: PMC9606263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Poleroviruses, enamoviruses, and luteoviruses are icosahedral, positive sense RNA viruses that cause economically important diseases in food and fiber crops. They are transmitted by phloem-feeding aphids in a circulative manner that involves the movement across and within insect tissues. The N-terminal portion of the viral readthrough domain (NRTD) has been implicated as a key determinant of aphid transmission in each of these genera. Here, we report crystal structures of the NRTDs from the poleroviruses turnip yellow virus (TuYV) and potato leafroll virus (PLRV) at 1.53-Å and 2.22-Å resolution, respectively. These adopt a two-domain arrangement with a unique interdigitated topology and form highly conserved dimers that are stabilized by a C-terminal peptide that is critical for proper folding. We demonstrate that the PLRV NRTD can act as an inhibitor of virus transmission and identify NRTD mutant variants that are lethal to aphids. Sequence conservation argues that enamovirus and luteovirus NRTDs will follow the same structural blueprint, which affords a biological approach to block the spread of these agricultural pathogens in a generalizable manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Schiltz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wilson
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn, Soybean & Wheat Quality Research Unit, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Christopher J Hosford
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- LifeMine Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Myfanwy C Adams
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Stephanie E Preising
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Stacy L DeBlasio
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pest and Pathogen Research Unit, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Hannah J MacLeod
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pest and Pathogen Research Unit, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Accelevir Diagnostics, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Joyce Van Eck
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Michelle L Heck
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pest and Pathogen Research Unit, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Joshua S Chappie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Umar M, Tegg RS, Farooq T, Thangavel T, Wilson CR. Abundance of Poleroviruses within Tasmanian Pea Crops and Surrounding Weeds, and the Genetic Diversity of TuYV Isolates Found. Viruses 2022; 14:1690. [PMID: 36016314 PMCID: PMC9416036 DOI: 10.3390/v14081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Polerovirus contains positive-sense, single-stranded RNA plant viruses that cause significant disease in many agricultural crops, including vegetable legumes. This study aimed to identify and determine the abundance of Polerovirus species present within Tasmanian pea crops and surrounding weeds that may act as virus reservoirs. We further sought to examine the genetic diversity of TuYV, the most commonly occurring polerovirus identified. Pea and weed samples were collected during 2019-2020 between October and January from thirty-four sites across three different regions (far northwest, north, and midlands) of Tasmania and tested by RT-PCR assay, with selected samples subject to next-generation sequencing. Results revealed that the presence of polerovirus infection and the prevalence of TuYV in both weeds and pea crops varied across the three Tasmanian cropping regions, with TuYV infection levels in pea crops ranging between 0 and 27.5% of tested plants. Overall, two species members from each genus, Polerovirus and Potyvirus, one member from each of Luteovirus, Potexvirus, and Carlavirus, and an unclassified virus from the family Partitiviridae were also found as a result of NGS data analysis. Analysis of gene sequences of the P0 and P3 genes of Tasmanian TuYV isolates revealed substantial genetic diversity within the collection, with a few isolates appearing more closely aligned with BrYV isolates. Questions remain around the differentiation of TuYV and BrYV species. Phylogenetic inconsistency in the P0 and P3 ORFs supports the concept that recombination may have played a role in TuYV evolution in Tasmania. Results of the evolutionary analysis showed that the selection pressure was higher in the P0 gene than in the P3 gene, and the majority of the codons for each gene are evolving under purifying selection. Future full genome-based analyses of the genetic variations will expand our understanding of the evolutionary patterns existing among TuYV populations in Tasmania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Robert S. Tegg
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Tamilarasan Thangavel
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (Queensland), Bundaberg Research Facility, 49 Ashfield Road, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Calum R. Wilson
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu T, Lei L, Fu Y, Yang X, Luo H, Chen X, Wu X, Wang Y, Jia MA. Molecular Characterization of a Novel Polerovirus Infecting Soybean in China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071428. [PMID: 35891408 PMCID: PMC9322011 DOI: 10.3390/v14071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poleroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded viruses. In this study, we describe the identification of a novel polerovirus isolated from soybean displaying curled leaves. The complete viral genome sequence was identified using high-throughput sequencing and confirmed using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Its genome organization is typical of the members of genus Polerovirus, containing seven putative open reading frames (ORFs). The full genome is composed of single-stranded RNA of 5822 nucleotides in length, with the highest nucleotide sequence identity (79.07% with 63% coverage) for cowpea polerovirus 2 (CPPV2). Amino acid sequence identities of the protein products between the virus and its relatives are below the threshold determined by the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for species demarcation, and this strongly supports this virus’ status as a novel species, for which the name soybean chlorotic leafroll virus (SbCLRV) is proposed. Recombination analysis identified a recombination event in the ORF5 of the 3’ portion in the genome. Phylogenetic analyses of the genome and encoded protein sequences revealed that the new virus is closely related to phasey bean mild yellows virus, CPPV2 and siratro latent polerovirus. Subsequently, we demonstrated the infectivity of SbCLRV in Nicotiana benthamiana via infectious cDNA clone generation and agroinoculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhi Xu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Lei
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550008, China;
| | - Yong Fu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Hao Luo
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangru Chen
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (M.-a.J.)
| | - Meng-ao Jia
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang 550001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (M.-a.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Rashid MO, Zhao TY, Li YY, He MJ, Wang Y, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. The Carboxyl Terminal Regions of P0 Protein Are Required for Systemic Infections of Poleroviruses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1945. [PMID: 35216065 PMCID: PMC8875975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
P0 proteins encoded by poleroviruses Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) are viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSR) involved in abolishing host RNA silencing to assist viral infection. However, other roles that P0 proteins play in virus infection remain unclear. Here, we found that C-terminal truncation of P0 resulted in compromised systemic infection of BrYV and PLRV. C-terminal truncation affected systemic but not local VSR activities of P0 proteins, but neither transient nor ectopic stably expressed VSR proteins could rescue the systemic infection of BrYV and PLRV mutants. Moreover, BrYV mutant failed to establish systemic infection in DCL2/4 RNAi or RDR6 RNAi plants, indicating that systemic infection might be independent of the VSR activity of P0. Partially rescued infection of BrYV mutant by the co-infected PLRV implied the functional conservation of P0 proteins within genus. However, although C-terminal truncation mutant of BrYV P0 showed weaker interaction with its movement protein (MP) when compared to wild-type P0, wild-type and mutant PLRV P0 showed similar interaction with its MP. In sum, our findings revealed the role of P0 in virus systemic infection and the requirement of P0 carboxyl terminal region for the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Mamun-Or Rashid
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Tian-Yu Zhao
- China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China;
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Meng-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lindenau S, Winter S, Margaria P. The Amino-Proximal Region of the Coat Protein of Cucumber Vein Yellowing Virus (Family Potyviridae) Affects the Infection Process and Whitefly Transmission. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122771. [PMID: 34961241 PMCID: PMC8706179 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Most plant viruses rely on vector transmission for their spread and specific interactions between vector and virus have evolved to regulate this relationship. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci- transmitted cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV; genus Ipomovirus, family Potyviridae) is endemic in the Mediterranean Basin, where it causes significant losses in cucurbit crops. In this study, the role of the coat protein (CP) of CVYV for B. tabaci transmission and plant infection was investigated using a cloned and infectious CVYV cDNA and a collection of point and deletion mutants derived from this clone. Whitefly transmission of CVYV was abolished in a deletion mutant lacking amino acids in position 93-105 of the CP. This deletion mutant caused more severe disease symptoms compared to the cDNA clone representing the wild-type (wt) virus and movement efficiency was likewise affected. Two virus mutants carrying a partially restored CP were transmissible and showed symptoms comparable to the wt virus. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the N-terminus of the CVYV CP is a determinant for transmission by the whitefly vector and is involved in plant infection and symptom expression.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun SR, Chen JS, He EQ, Huang MT, Fu HY, Lu JJ, Gao SJ. Genetic Variability and Molecular Evolution of Maize Yellow Mosaic Virus Populations from Different Geographic Origins. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:896-903. [PMID: 33044140 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-1013-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) hosted in various gramineous plants was assigned to the genus Polerovirus (family Luteoviridae) in 2018. However, little is known about its genetic diversity and population structure. In this study, 509 sugarcane leaf samples with mosaic symptoms were collected in 2017 to 2019 from eight sugarcane-growing provinces in China. Reverse-transcription PCR results revealed that four positive-sense RNA viruses were found to infect sugarcane, and the incidence of MaYMV among samples from Fujian, Sichuan, and Guangxi Provinces was 52.1, 9.8, and 2.5%, respectively. Based on 82 partial MaYMV sequences and 46 whole-genome sequences from different host plants, phylogenetic analysis revealed that MaYMV populations are very closely associated with their source geographical regions (China, Africa, and South America). Pairwise identity analysis showed significant variability in genome sequences among MaYMV isolates with genomic nucleotide identities of 91.1 to 99.9%. In addition to codon mutations, insertions or deletions also contributed to genetic variability in individual coding regions, especially in the readthrough protein (P3-P5 fusion protein). Low gene flow and significant genetic differentiation of MaYMV were observed among the three geographical populations, suggesting that environmental adaptation is an important evolutionary force that shapes the genetic structure of MaYMV. Genes in the MaYMV genome were subject to strong negative or purification selection during evolution, except for the movement protein (MP), which was under positive selection pressure. This finding suggests that the MP may play an important role in MaYMV evolution. Taken together, our findings provide basic information for the development of an integrated disease management strategy against MaYMV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ren Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Er-Qi He
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou, China
| | - Mei-Ting Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hua-Ying Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jia-Ju Lu
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou, China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Construction of an infectious full-length cDNA clone of potato aucuba mosaic virus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1427-1431. [PMID: 33682071 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Potato aucuba mosaic virus (PAMV), a positive single-strand RNA virus, has one of the longest genomes of the viruses in the genus Potexvirus. In 2019, potato samples with mottle and crinkling symptoms from Huzhou, Zhejiang province, China, were identified to be infected with PAMV, potato virus X (PVX), and potato virus Y (PVY) by transcriptome sequencing. To study the effects of single infection by PAMV, the full-length sequence of PAMV from Huzhou (MT193476) was determined and an infectious full-length cDNA clone was constructed. This cDNA clone was infectious by agro-infiltration, leading to systemic symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana, tomato, pepper, and potato.
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Dong Y, Chen X, Zang Y, Liu J, Ren G, Xu P. Sequencing and phylogenetic characterization of a novel Polerovirus from Nicotiana tabacum. Virus Genes 2020; 56:657-661. [PMID: 32734508 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we reported the complete genome of a novel Polerovirus, named Tobacco yellow virus (TYV), which can be transmitted by Myzus persicae. TYV had a single-stranded RNA genome of 5735 nucleotides in length and contained six putative open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic analysis with whole genome nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences deduced from the conserved domain of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, clustered TYV with Potato leafroll virus from the genus Polerovirus with high bootstrap values. However, TYV clustered with Brassica yellow virus using amino acid sequences deduced from the conserved domain of the coat protein. Taken together with the identities between ORFs in TYV and related ORFs in species from Polerovirus, our results strongly suggested TYV is a novel species of the genus Polerovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yonghao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yun Zang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Guangwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Pengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gaafar YZA, Ziebell H. Aphid transmission of nanoviruses. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21668. [PMID: 32212397 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The genus Nanovirus consists of plant viruses that predominantly infect legumes leading to devastating crop losses. Nanoviruses are transmitted by various aphid species. The transmission occurs in a circulative nonpropagative manner. It was long suspected that a virus-encoded helper factor would be needed for successful transmission by aphids. Recently, a helper factor was identified as the nanovirus-encoded nuclear shuttle protein (NSP). The mode of action of NSP is currently unknown in contrast to helper factors from other plant viruses that, for example, facilitate binding of virus particles to receptors within the aphids' stylets. In this review, we are summarizing the current knowledge about nanovirus-aphid vector interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Z A Gaafar
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kuehn Institute, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Heiko Ziebell
- Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kuehn Institute, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu Y, Da Silva WL, Qian Y, Gray SM. An aromatic amino acid and associated helix in the C-terminus of the potato leafroll virus minor capsid protein regulate systemic infection and symptom expression. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007451. [PMID: 30440046 PMCID: PMC6264904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal region of the minor structural protein of potato leafroll virus (PLRV), known as the readthrough protein (RTP), is involved in efficient virus movement, tissue tropism and symptom development. Analysis of numerous C-terminal deletions identified a five-amino acid motif that is required for RTP function. A PLRV mutant expressing RTP with these five amino acids deleted (Δ5aa-RTP) was compromised in systemic infection and symptom expression. Although the Δ5aa-RTP mutant was able to move long distance, limited infection foci were observed in systemically infected leaves suggesting that these five amino acids regulate virus phloem loading in the inoculated leaves and/or unloading into the systemically infected tissues. The 5aa deletion did not alter the efficiency of RTP translation, nor impair RTP self-interaction or its interaction with P17, the virus movement protein. However, the deletion did alter the subcellular localization of RTP. When co-expressed with a PLRV infectious clone, a GFP tagged wild-type RTP was localized to discontinuous punctate spots along the cell periphery and was associated with plasmodesmata, although localization was dependent upon the developmental stage of the plant tissue. In contrast, the Δ5aa-RTP-GFP aggregated in the cytoplasm. Structural modeling indicated that the 5aa deletion would be expected to perturb an α-helix motif. Two of 30 plants infected with Δ5aa-RTP developed a wild-type virus infection phenotype ten weeks post-inoculation. Analysis of the virus population in these plants by deep sequencing identified a duplication of sequences adjacent to the deletion that were predicted to restore the α-helix motif. The subcellular distribution of the RTP is regulated by the 5-aa motif which is under strong selection pressure and in turn contributes to the efficient long distance movement of the virus and the induction of systemic symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Washington Luis Da Silva
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Yajuan Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stewart M. Gray
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
- Emerging Pest and Pathogens Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
DeBlasio SL, Xu Y, Johnson RS, Rebelo AR, MacCoss MJ, Gray SM, Heck M. The Interaction Dynamics of Two Potato Leafroll Virus Movement Proteins Affects Their Localization to the Outer Membranes of Mitochondria and Plastids. Viruses 2018; 10:E585. [PMID: 30373157 PMCID: PMC6265731 DOI: 10.3390/v10110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Luteoviridae is an agriculturally important family of viruses whose replication and transport are restricted to plant phloem. Their genomes encode for four proteins that regulate viral movement. These include two structural proteins that make up the capsid and two non-structural proteins known as P3a and P17. Little is known about how these proteins interact with each other and the host to coordinate virus movement within and between cells. We used quantitative, affinity purification-mass spectrometry to show that the P3a protein of Potato leafroll virus complexes with virus and that this interaction is partially dependent on P17. Bimolecular complementation assays (BiFC) were used to validate that P3a and P17 self-interact as well as directly interact with each other. Co-localization with fluorescent-based organelle markers demonstrates that P3a directs P17 to the mitochondrial outer membrane while P17 regulates the localization of the P3a-P17 heterodimer to plastids. Residues in the C-terminus of P3a were shown to regulate P3a association with host mitochondria by using mutational analysis and also varying BiFC tag orientation. Collectively, our work reveals that the PLRV movement proteins play a game of intracellular hopscotch along host organelles to transport the virus to the cell periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Yi Xu
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Richard S Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
| | - Ana Rita Rebelo
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98109, USA.
| | - Stewart M Gray
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Michelle Heck
- United States Department of Agriculture, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, 538 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bortolamiol-Bécet D, Monsion B, Chapuis S, Hleibieh K, Scheidecker D, Alioua A, Bogaert F, Revers F, Brault V, Ziegler-Graff V. Phloem-Triggered Virus-Induced Gene Silencing Using a Recombinant Polerovirus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2449. [PMID: 30405546 PMCID: PMC6206295 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The phloem-limited poleroviruses infect Arabidopsis thaliana without causing noticeable disease symptoms. In order to facilitate visual infection identification, we developed virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vectors derived from Turnip yellows virus (TuYV). Short sequences from the host gene AtCHLI1 required for chlorophyll biosynthesis [42 nucleotides in sense or antisense orientation or as an inverted-repeat (IR), or an 81 nucleotide sense fragment] were inserted into the 3' non-coding region of the TuYV genome to screen for the most efficient and robust silencing vector. All recombinant viruses produced a clear vein chlorosis phenotype on infected Arabidopsis plants due to the expression inhibition of the AtCHLI1 gene. The introduction of a sense-oriented sequence into TuYV genome resulted in a virus exhibiting a more sustainable chlorosis than the virus containing an IR of the same length. This observation was correlated with a higher stability of the sense sequence insertion in the viral genome. In order to evaluate the impact of the TuYV silencing suppressor P0 in the VIGS mechanism a P0 knock-out mutation was introduced into the recombinant TuYV viruses. They induced a similar but milder vein clearing phenotype due to lower viral accumulation. This indicates that P0 does not hinder the performances of the TuYV silencing effect and confirms that in the viral infection context, P0 has no major impact on the production, propagation and action of the short distance silencing signal in phloem cells. Finally, we showed that TuYV can be used to strongly silence the phloem specific AtRTM1 gene. The TuYV-derived VIGS vectors therefore represent powerful tools to easily detect and monitor TuYV in infected plants and conduct functional analysis of phloem-restricted genes. Moreover this example indicates the potential of poleroviruses for use in functional genomic studies of agronomic plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Bortolamiol-Bécet
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire CNRS-UPR 9002, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,UMR1161 Virologie, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Chapuis
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kamal Hleibieh
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Danièle Scheidecker
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Abdelmalek Alioua
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florent Bogaert
- SVQV, INRA UMR 1131, Université de Strasbourg, Colmar, France
| | - Frédéric Revers
- BFP, INRA UMR 1332, Univ. Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France.,BIOGECO, INRA UMR 1202, Univ. Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - Véronique Ziegler-Graff
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS-UPR 2357, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
DeBlasio SL, Rebelo AR, Parks K, Gray SM, Heck MC. Disruption of Chloroplast Function Through Downregulation of Phytoene Desaturase Enhances the Systemic Accumulation of an Aphid-Borne, Phloem-Restricted Virus. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1095-1110. [PMID: 29767548 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-18-0057-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts play a central role in pathogen defense in plants. However, most studies explaining the relationship between pathogens and chloroplasts have focused on pathogens that infect mesophyll cells. In contrast, the family Luteoviridae includes RNA viruses that replicate and traffic exclusively in the phloem. Recently, our lab has shown that Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), the type species in the genus Polerovirus, forms an extensive interaction network with chloroplast-localized proteins that is partially dependent on the PLRV capsid readthrough domain (RTD). In this study, we used virus-induced gene silencing to disrupt chloroplast function and assess the effects on PLRV accumulation in two host species. Silencing of phytoene desaturase (PDS), a key enzyme in carotenoid, chlorophyll, and gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis, resulted in a substantial increase in the systemic accumulation of PLRV. This increased accumulation was attenuated when plants were infected with a viral mutant that does not express the RTD. Application of GA partially suppressed the increase in virus accumulation in PDS-silenced plants, suggesting that GA signaling also plays a role in limiting PLRV infection. In addition, the fecundity of the aphid vector of PLRV was increased when fed on PDS-silenced plants relative to PLRV-infected plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- 1 USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- 2 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.; and
| | - Ana Rita Rebelo
- 2 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.; and
| | - Katherine Parks
- 2 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.; and
| | - Stewart M Gray
- 1 USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Michelle C Heck
- 1 USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
- 2 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.; and
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu Y, Ju HJ, DeBlasio S, Carino EJ, Johnson R, MacCoss MJ, Heck M, Miller WA, Gray SM. A Stem-Loop Structure in Potato Leafroll Virus Open Reading Frame 5 (ORF5) Is Essential for Readthrough Translation of the Coat Protein ORF Stop Codon 700 Bases Upstream. J Virol 2018; 92:e01544-17. [PMID: 29514911 PMCID: PMC5952135 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01544-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational readthrough of the stop codon of the capsid protein (CP) open reading frame (ORF) is used by members of the Luteoviridae to produce their minor capsid protein as a readthrough protein (RTP). The elements regulating RTP expression are not well understood, but they involve long-distance interactions between RNA domains. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, glutamine and tyrosine were identified as the primary amino acids inserted at the stop codon of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) CP ORF. We characterized the contributions of a cytidine-rich domain immediately downstream and a branched stem-loop structure 600 to 700 nucleotides downstream of the CP stop codon. Mutations predicted to disrupt and restore the base of the distal stem-loop structure prevented and restored stop codon readthrough. Motifs in the downstream readthrough element (DRTE) are predicted to base pair to a site within 27 nucleotides (nt) of the CP ORF stop codon. Consistent with a requirement for this base pairing, the DRTE of Cereal yellow dwarf virus was not compatible with the stop codon-proximal element of PLRV in facilitating readthrough. Moreover, deletion of the complementary tract of bases from the stop codon-proximal region or the DRTE of PLRV prevented readthrough. In contrast, the distance and sequence composition between the two domains was flexible. Mutants deficient in RTP translation moved long distances in plants, but fewer infection foci developed in systemically infected leaves. Selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation and primer extension (SHAPE) probing to determine the secondary structure of the mutant DRTEs revealed that the functional mutants were more likely to have bases accessible for long-distance base pairing than the nonfunctional mutants. This study reveals a heretofore unknown combination of RNA structure and sequence that reduces stop codon efficiency, allowing translation of a key viral protein.IMPORTANCE Programmed stop codon readthrough is used by many animal and plant viruses to produce key viral proteins. Moreover, such "leaky" stop codons are used in host mRNAs or can arise from mutations that cause genetic disease. Thus, it is important to understand the mechanism(s) of stop codon readthrough. Here, we shed light on the mechanism of readthrough of the stop codon of the coat protein ORFs of viruses in the Luteoviridae by identifying the amino acids inserted at the stop codon and RNA structures that facilitate this "leakiness" of the stop codon. Members of the Luteoviridae encode a C-terminal extension to the capsid protein known as the readthrough protein (RTP). We characterized two RNA domains in Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), located 600 to 700 nucleotides apart, that are essential for efficient RTP translation. We further determined that the PLRV readthrough process involves both local structures and long-range RNA-RNA interactions. Genetic manipulation of the RNA structure altered the ability of PLRV to translate RTP and systemically infect the plant. This demonstrates that plant virus RNA contains multiple layers of information beyond the primary sequence and extends our understanding of stop codon readthrough. Strategic targets that can be exploited to disrupt the virus life cycle and reduce its ability to move within and between plant hosts were revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Ho-Jong Ju
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Stacy DeBlasio
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Carino
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Richard Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle Heck
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - W Allen Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Stewart M Gray
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang XY, Zhao TY, Li YY, Xiang HY, Dong SW, Zhang ZY, Wang Y, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. The Conserved Proline18 in the Polerovirus P3a Is Important for Brassica Yellows Virus Systemic Infection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:613. [PMID: 29670592 PMCID: PMC5893644 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ORF3a, a newly identified non-AUG-initiated ORF encoded by members of genera Polerovirus and Luteovirus, is required for long-distance movement in plants. However, the mechanism of action of P3a in viral systemic movement is still not clear. In this study, sequencing of a brassica yellows virus (BrYV) mutant defective in systemic infection revealed two-nucleotide variation at positions 3406 and 3467 in the genome. Subsequent nucleotide substitution analysis proved that only the non-synonymous substitution (C→U) at position 3406, resulting in P3aP18L, abolished the systemic infection of BrYV. Preliminary investigation showed that wild type BrYV was able to load into the petiole of the agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, whereas the mutant displayed very low efficiency. Further experiments revealed that the P3a and its mutant P3aP18L localized to the Golgi apparatus and near plasmodesmata, as well as the endoplasmic reticulum. Both P3a and P3aP18L were able to self-interact in vivo, however, the mutant P3aP18L seemed to form more stable dimer than wild type. More interestingly, we confirmed firstly that the ectopic expression of P3a of other poleroviruses and luteoviruses, as well as co-infection with Pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV 2), restored the ability of systemic movement of BrYV P3a defective mutant, indicating that the P3a is functionally conserved in poleroviruses and luteoviruses and is redundant when BrYV co-infects with PEMV 2. These observations provide a novel insight into the conserved function of P3a and its underlying mechanism in the systemic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology–Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thekke-Veetil T, McCoppin NK, Domier LL. Strain-specific association of soybean dwarf virus small subgenomic RNA with virus particles. Virus Res 2017; 242:100-105. [PMID: 28893654 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) produces a large subgenomic RNA (LsgRNA) for expression of structural and movement proteins and a small subgenomic RNA (SsgRNA) that does not contain an open reading frame. Sucrose gradient-purified SbDV virions from soybean plants systemically infected with SbDV by aphids and Nicotiana benthamiana leaves agroinfiltrated with infectious clones of two red clover SbDV isolates encapsidated genomic RNA and were associated with SsgRNA in a strain-specific manner. The LsgRNA was protected from RNase degradation, but not packaged into virions as indicated by its presence primarily in ELISA-negative fractions near the tops of sucrose gradients even in mutants that did not express coat protein. Nucleotide differences in the SsgRNA region between isolates conferred differential association of SsgRNA with virions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy K McCoppin
- United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Leslie L Domier
- United State Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fusaro AF, Barton DA, Nakasugi K, Jackson C, Kalischuk ML, Kawchuk LM, Vaslin MFS, Correa RL, Waterhouse PM. The Luteovirus P4 Movement Protein Is a Suppressor of Systemic RNA Silencing. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100294. [PMID: 28994713 PMCID: PMC5691645 DOI: 10.3390/v9100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant viral family Luteoviridae is divided into three genera: Luteovirus, Polerovirus and Enamovirus. Without assistance from another virus, members of the family are confined to the cells of the host plant's vascular system. The first open reading frame (ORF) of poleroviruses and enamoviruses encodes P0 proteins which act as silencing suppressor proteins (VSRs) against the plant's viral defense-mediating RNA silencing machinery. Luteoviruses, such as barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV), however, have no P0 to carry out the VSR role, so we investigated whether other proteins or RNAs encoded by BYDV-PAV confer protection against the plant's silencing machinery. Deep-sequencing of small RNAs from plants infected with BYDV-PAV revealed that the virus is subjected to RNA silencing in the phloem tissues and there was no evidence of protection afforded by a possible decoy effect of the highly abundant subgenomic RNA3. However, analysis of VSR activity among the BYDV-PAV ORFs revealed systemic silencing suppression by the P4 movement protein, and a similar, but weaker, activity by P6. The closely related BYDV-PAS P4, but not the polerovirus potato leafroll virus P4, also displayed systemic VSR activity. Both luteovirus and the polerovirus P4 proteins also showed transient, weak local silencing suppression. This suggests that systemic silencing suppression is the principal mechanism by which the luteoviruses BYDV-PAV and BYDV-PAS minimize the effects of the plant's anti-viral defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana F Fusaro
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Plant Industry Division, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- Department of Virology (M.F.S.V.), Department of Genetics (R.L.C.) and Institute of Medical Biochemistry (A.F.F.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Deborah A Barton
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Kenlee Nakasugi
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Craig Jackson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Melanie L Kalischuk
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL 32351, USA.
| | - Lawrence M Kawchuk
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J4B1, Canada.
| | - Maite F S Vaslin
- Department of Virology (M.F.S.V.), Department of Genetics (R.L.C.) and Institute of Medical Biochemistry (A.F.F.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Regis L Correa
- Plant Industry Division, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- Department of Virology (M.F.S.V.), Department of Genetics (R.L.C.) and Institute of Medical Biochemistry (A.F.F.), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, Brazil.
| | - Peter M Waterhouse
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Plant Industry Division, CSIRO, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- School of Earth, Environmental and Biological sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alexander MM, Mohr JP, DeBlasio SL, Chavez JD, Ziegler-Graff V, Brault V, Bruce JE, Heck MC. Insights in luteovirid structural biology guided by chemical cross-linking and high resolution mass spectrometry. Virus Res 2017; 241:42-52. [PMID: 28502641 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions among plant pathogenic viruses in the family Luteoviridae and their plant hosts and insect vectors are governed by the topology of the viral capsid, which is the sole vehicle for long distance movement of the viral genome. Previous application of a mass spectrometry-compatible cross-linker to preparations of the luteovirid Potato leafroll virus (PLRV; Luteoviridae: Polerovirus) revealed a detailed network of interactions between viral structural proteins and enabled generation of the first cross-linking guided coat protein models. In this study, we extended application of chemical cross-linking technology to the related Turnip yellows virus (TuYV; Luteoviridae: Polerovirus). Remarkably, all cross-links found between sites in the viral coat protein found for TuYV were also found in PLRV. Guided by these data, we present two models for the TuYV coat protein trimer, the basic structural unit of luteovirid virions. Additional cross-links found between the TuYV coat protein and a site in the viral protease domain suggest a possible role for the luteovirid protease in regulating the structural biology of these viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko M Alexander
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jared P Mohr
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stacy L DeBlasio
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Juan D Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle Cilia Heck
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, USA; USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
DeBlasio SL, Bereman MS, Mahoney J, Thannhauser TW, Gray SM, MacCoss MJ, Cilia Heck M. Evaluation of a Bead-Free Coimmunoprecipitation Technique for Identification of Virus-Host Protein Interactions Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. J Biomol Tech 2017; 28:111-121. [PMID: 28785175 DOI: 10.7171/jbt.17-2803-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein interactions between virus and host are essential for viral propagation and movement, as viruses lack most of the proteins required to thrive on their own. Precision methods aimed at disrupting virus-host interactions represent new approaches to disease management but require in-depth knowledge of the identity and binding specificity of host proteins within these interaction networks. Protein coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) provides a high-throughput way to characterize virus-host interactomes in a single experiment. Common co-IP methods use antibodies immobilized on agarose or magnetic beads to isolate virus-host complexes in solutions of host tissue homogenate. Although these workflows are well established, they can be fairly laborious and expensive. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility of using antibody-coated microtiter plates coupled with MS analysis as an easy, less expensive way to identify host proteins that interact with Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), an insect-borne RNA virus that infects potatoes. With the use of the bead-free platform, we were able to detect 36 plant and 1 nonstructural viral protein significantly coimmunoprecipitating with PLRV. Two of these proteins, a 14-3-3 signal transduction protein and malate dehydrogenase 2 (mMDH2), were detected as having a weakened or lost association with a structural mutant of the virus, demonstrating that the bead-free method is sensitive enough to detect quantitative differences that can be used to pin-point domains of interaction. Collectively, our analysis shows that the bead-free platform is a low-cost alternative that can be used by core facilities and other investigators to identify plant and viral proteins interacting with virions and/or the viral structural proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Michael S Bereman
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh-Durham North Carolina 27695, USA
| | | | - Theodore W Thannhauser
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Stewart M Gray
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; and
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Michelle Cilia Heck
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; and
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhou B, Wang F, Zhang X, Zhang L, Lin H. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of tobacco virus 2, a polerovirus from Nicotiana tabacum. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2159-2162. [PMID: 28342033 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a new virus, provisionally named tobacco virus 2 (TV2), was determined and identified from leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) exhibiting leaf mosaic, yellowing, and deformity, in Anhui Province, China. The genome sequence of TV2 comprises 5,979 nucleotides, with 87% nucleotide sequence identity to potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Its genome organization is similar to that of PLRV, containing six open reading frames (ORFs) that potentially encode proteins with putative functions in cell-to-cell movement and suppression of RNA silencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence placed TV2 alongside members of the genus Polerovirus in the family Luteoviridae. To the best our knowledge, this study is the first report of a complete genome sequence of a new polerovirus identified in tobacco.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Anhui Province Tobacco Corporation, Hefei, 230071, Anhui, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Anhui Province Tobacco Corporation, Hefei, 230071, Anhui, China
| | - Huafeng Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Agrofoglio YC, Delfosse VC, Casse MF, Hopp HE, Kresic IB, Distéfano AJ. Identification of a New Cotton Disease Caused by an Atypical Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus in Argentina. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:369-376. [PMID: 28035870 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-16-0349-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of a new disease occurred in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fields in northwest Argentina starting in the 2009-10 growing season and is still spreading steadily. The characteristic symptoms of the disease included slight leaf rolling and a bushy phenotype in the upper part of the plant. In this study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of two independent virus genomes isolated from cotton blue disease (CBD)-resistant and -susceptible cotton varieties. This virus genome comprised 5,866 nucleotides with an organization similar to that of the genus Polerovirus and was closely related to cotton leafroll dwarf virus, with protein identity ranging from 88 to 98%. The virus was subsequently transmitted to a CBD-resistant cotton variety using Aphis gossypii and symptoms were successfully reproduced. To study the persistence of the virus, we analyzed symptomatic plants from CBD-resistant varieties from different cotton-growing fields between 2013 and 2015 and showed the presence of the same virus strain. In addition, a constructed full-length infectious cDNA clone from the virus caused disease symptoms in systemic leaves of CBD-resistant cotton plants. Altogether, the new leafroll disease in CBD-resistant cotton plants is caused by an atypical cotton leafroll dwarf virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamila C Agrofoglio
- First author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología, 1686 Buenos Aires; second author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología and School of Science and Technology, UNSAM, 1653 Buenos Aires; third and fifth authors: EEA Sáenz Peña, INTA, 3700 Chaco, Argentina; and fourth and sixth authors: INTA-CICVyA, Instituto de Biotecnología and DFBMC, FCEyN, UBA, 1428 Buenos Aires
| | - Verónica C Delfosse
- First author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología, 1686 Buenos Aires; second author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología and School of Science and Technology, UNSAM, 1653 Buenos Aires; third and fifth authors: EEA Sáenz Peña, INTA, 3700 Chaco, Argentina; and fourth and sixth authors: INTA-CICVyA, Instituto de Biotecnología and DFBMC, FCEyN, UBA, 1428 Buenos Aires
| | - María F Casse
- First author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología, 1686 Buenos Aires; second author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología and School of Science and Technology, UNSAM, 1653 Buenos Aires; third and fifth authors: EEA Sáenz Peña, INTA, 3700 Chaco, Argentina; and fourth and sixth authors: INTA-CICVyA, Instituto de Biotecnología and DFBMC, FCEyN, UBA, 1428 Buenos Aires
| | - Horacio E Hopp
- First author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología, 1686 Buenos Aires; second author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología and School of Science and Technology, UNSAM, 1653 Buenos Aires; third and fifth authors: EEA Sáenz Peña, INTA, 3700 Chaco, Argentina; and fourth and sixth authors: INTA-CICVyA, Instituto de Biotecnología and DFBMC, FCEyN, UBA, 1428 Buenos Aires
| | - Iván Bonacic Kresic
- First author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología, 1686 Buenos Aires; second author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología and School of Science and Technology, UNSAM, 1653 Buenos Aires; third and fifth authors: EEA Sáenz Peña, INTA, 3700 Chaco, Argentina; and fourth and sixth authors: INTA-CICVyA, Instituto de Biotecnología and DFBMC, FCEyN, UBA, 1428 Buenos Aires
| | - Ana J Distéfano
- First author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología, 1686 Buenos Aires; second author: INTA-CICVyA, CONICET, Instituto de Biotecnología and School of Science and Technology, UNSAM, 1653 Buenos Aires; third and fifth authors: EEA Sáenz Peña, INTA, 3700 Chaco, Argentina; and fourth and sixth authors: INTA-CICVyA, Instituto de Biotecnología and DFBMC, FCEyN, UBA, 1428 Buenos Aires
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Doumayrou J, Sheber M, Bonning BC, Miller WA. Role of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus Coat Protein in the Host Plant and Aphid Vector. Viruses 2016; 8:E312. [PMID: 27869713 PMCID: PMC5127026 DOI: 10.3390/v8110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in plant virus-vector interactions is essential for the development of effective control measures for aphid-vectored epidemic plant diseases. The coat proteins (CP) are the main component of the viral capsids, and they are implicated in practically every stage of the viral infection cycle. Pea enation mosaic virus 1 (PEMV1, Enamovirus, Luteoviridae) and Pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV2, Umbravirus, Tombusviridae) are two RNA viruses in an obligate symbiosis causing the pea enation mosaic disease. Sixteen mutant viruses were generated with mutations in different domains of the CP to evaluate the role of specific amino acids in viral replication, virion assembly, long-distance movement in Pisum sativum, and aphid transmission. Twelve mutant viruses were unable to assemble but were able to replicate in inoculated leaves, move long-distance, and express the CP in newly infected leaves. Four mutant viruses produced virions, but three were not transmissible by the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Three-dimensional modeling of the PEMV CP, combined with biological assays for virion assembly and aphid transmission, allowed for a model of the assembly of PEMV coat protein subunits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Doumayrou
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 351 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Melissa Sheber
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 351 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Bryony C Bonning
- Department of Entomology, 339 Science II, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - W Allen Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, 351 Bessey Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
DeBlasio SL, Johnson RS, MacCoss MJ, Gray SM, Cilia M. Model System-Guided Protein Interaction Mapping for Virus Isolated from Phloem Tissue. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4601-4611. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L. DeBlasio
- Agricultural
Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Richard S. Johnson
- Department
of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle Washington 98109, United States
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department
of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle Washington 98109, United States
| | - Stewart M. Gray
- Agricultural
Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michelle Cilia
- Agricultural
Research Service, USDA, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
DeBlasio SL, Chavez JD, Alexander MM, Ramsey J, Eng JK, Mahoney J, Gray SM, Bruce JE, Cilia M. Visualization of Host-Polerovirus Interaction Topologies Using Protein Interaction Reporter Technology. J Virol 2016; 90:1973-87. [PMID: 26656710 PMCID: PMC4733995 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01706-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Demonstrating direct interactions between host and virus proteins during infection is a major goal and challenge for the field of virology. Most protein interactions are not binary or easily amenable to structural determination. Using infectious preparations of a polerovirus (Potato leafroll virus [PLRV]) and protein interaction reporter (PIR), a revolutionary technology that couples a mass spectrometric-cleavable chemical cross-linker with high-resolution mass spectrometry, we provide the first report of a host-pathogen protein interaction network that includes data-derived, topological features for every cross-linked site that was identified. We show that PLRV virions have hot spots of protein interaction and multifunctional surface topologies, revealing how these plant viruses maximize their use of binding interfaces. Modeling data, guided by cross-linking constraints, suggest asymmetric packing of the major capsid protein in the virion, which supports previous epitope mapping studies. Protein interaction topologies are conserved with other species in the Luteoviridae and with unrelated viruses in the Herpesviridae and Adenoviridae. Functional analysis of three PLRV-interacting host proteins in planta using a reverse-genetics approach revealed a complex, molecular tug-of-war between host and virus. Structural mimicry and diversifying selection-hallmarks of host-pathogen interactions-were identified within host and viral binding interfaces predicted by our models. These results illuminate the functional diversity of the PLRV-host protein interaction network and demonstrate the usefulness of PIR technology for precision mapping of functional host-pathogen protein interaction topologies. IMPORTANCE The exterior shape of a plant virus and its interacting host and insect vector proteins determine whether a virus will be transmitted by an insect or infect a specific host. Gaining this information is difficult and requires years of experimentation. We used protein interaction reporter (PIR) technology to illustrate how viruses exploit host proteins during plant infection. PIR technology enabled our team to precisely describe the sites of functional virus-virus, virus-host, and host-host protein interactions using a mass spectrometry analysis that takes just a few hours. Applications of PIR technology in host-pathogen interactions will enable researchers studying recalcitrant pathogens, such as animal pathogens where host proteins are incorporated directly into the infectious agents, to investigate how proteins interact during infection and transmission as well as develop new tools for interdiction and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Juan D Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mariko M Alexander
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - John Ramsey
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jimmy K Eng
- University of Washington Proteomics Resources, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jaclyn Mahoney
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Stewart M Gray
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, USA Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - James E Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle Cilia
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, USA Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
DeBlasio SL, Johnson R, Sweeney MM, Karasev A, Gray SM, MacCoss MJ, Cilia M. Potato leafroll virus structural proteins manipulate overlapping, yet distinct protein interaction networks during infection. Proteomics 2015; 15:2098-112. [PMID: 25787689 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) produces a readthrough protein (RTP) via translational readthrough of the coat protein amber stop codon. The RTP functions as a structural component of the virion and as a nonincorporated protein in concert with numerous insect and plant proteins to regulate virus movement/transmission and tissue tropism. Affinity purification coupled to quantitative MS was used to generate protein interaction networks for a PLRV mutant that is unable to produce the read through domain (RTD) and compared to the known wild-type PLRV protein interaction network. By quantifying differences in the protein interaction networks, we identified four distinct classes of PLRV-plant interactions: those plant and nonstructural viral proteins interacting with assembled coat protein (category I); plant proteins in complex with both coat protein and RTD (category II); plant proteins in complex with the RTD (category III); and plant proteins that had higher affinity for virions lacking the RTD (category IV). Proteins identified as interacting with the RTD are potential candidates for regulating viral processes that are mediated by the RTP such as phloem retention and systemic movement and can potentially be useful targets for the development of strategies to prevent infection and/or viral transmission of Luteoviridae species that infect important crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, USA.,USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Richard Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Karasev
- Department of Plant, Soil and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
| | - Stewart M Gray
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle Cilia
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY, USA.,USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
DeBlasio SL, Johnson R, Mahoney J, Karasev A, Gray SM, MacCoss MJ, Cilia M. Insights into the polerovirus-plant interactome revealed by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:467-81. [PMID: 25496593 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-14-0363-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Identification of host proteins interacting with the aphidborne Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) from the genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae, is a critical step toward understanding how PLRV and related viruses infect plants. However, the tight spatial distribution of PLRV to phloem tissues poses challenges. A polyclonal antibody raised against purified PLRV virions was used to coimmunoprecipitate virus-host protein complexes from Nicotiana benthamiana tissue inoculated with an infectious PLRV cDNA clone using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A. tumefaciens-mediated delivery of PLRV enabled infection and production of assembled, insect-transmissible virus in most leaf cells, overcoming the dynamic range constraint posed by a systemically infected host. Isolated protein complexes were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry and consisted of host proteins interacting directly or indirectly with virions, as well as the nonincorporated readthrough protein (RTP) and three phosphorylated positional isomers of the RTP. A bioinformatics analysis using ClueGO and STRING showed that plant proteins in the PLRV protein interaction network regulate key biochemical processes, including carbon fixation, amino acid biosynthesis, ion transport, protein folding, and trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L DeBlasio
- 1 Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang XY, Dong SW, Xiang HY, Chen XR, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. Development of three full-length infectious cDNA clones of distinct brassica yellows virus genotypes for agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. Virus Res 2015; 197:13-6. [PMID: 25499296 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Brassica yellows virus is a newly identified species in the genus of Polerovirus within the family Luteoviridae. Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is prevalently distributed throughout Mainland China and South Korea, is an important virus infecting cruciferous crops. Based on six BrYV genomic sequences of isolates from oilseed rape, rutabaga, radish, and cabbage, three genotypes, BrYV-A, BrYV-B, and BrYV-C, exist, which mainly differ in the 5' terminal half of the genome. BrYV is an aphid-transmitted and phloem-limited virus. The use of infectious cDNA clones is an alternative means of infecting plants that allows reverse genetic studies to be performed. In this study, full-length cDNA clones of BrYV-A, recombinant BrYV5B3A, and BrYV-C were constructed under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. An agrobacterium-mediated inoculation system of Nicotiana benthamiana was developed using these cDNA clones. Three days after infiltration with full-length BrYV cDNA clones, necrotic symptoms were observed in the inoculated leaves of N. benthamiana; however, no obvious symptoms appeared in the upper leaves. Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and western blot detection of samples from the upper leaves showed that the maximum infection efficiency of BrYVs could reach 100%. The infectivity of the BrYV-A, BrYV-5B3A, and BrYV-C cDNA clones was further confirmed by northern hybridization. The system developed here will be useful for further studies of BrYV, such as host range, pathogenicity, viral gene functions, and plant-virus-vector interactions, and especially for discerning the differences among the three genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shu-Wei Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai-Ying Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiang-Ru Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gray S, Cilia M, Ghanim M. Circulative, "nonpropagative" virus transmission: an orchestra of virus-, insect-, and plant-derived instruments. Adv Virus Res 2014; 89:141-99. [PMID: 24751196 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800172-1.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Species of plant viruses within the Luteoviridae, Geminiviridae, and Nanoviridae are transmitted by phloem-feeding insects in a circulative, nonpropagative manner. The precise route of virus movement through the vector can differ across and within virus families, but these viruses all share many biological, biochemical, and ecological features. All share temporal and spatial constraints with respect to transmission efficiency. The viruses also induce physiological changes in their plant hosts resulting in behavioral changes in the insects that optimize the transmission of virus to new hosts. Virus proteins interact with insect, endosymbiont, and plant proteins to orchestrate, directly and indirectly, virus movement in insects and plants to facilitate transmission. Knowledge of these complex interactions allows for the development of new tools to reduce or prevent transmission, to quickly identify important vector populations, and to improve the management of these economically important viruses affecting agricultural and natural plant populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Gray
- Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, New York, USA; Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
| | - Michelle Cilia
- Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, New York, USA; Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA; Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cilia M, Johnson R, Sweeney M, DeBlasio SL, Bruce JE, MacCoss MJ, Gray SM. Evidence for lysine acetylation in the coat protein of a polerovirus. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2321-2327. [PMID: 24939649 PMCID: PMC4165934 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.066514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Virions of the RPV strain of Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV were purified from infected oat tissue and analysed by MS. Two conserved residues, K147 and K181, in the virus coat protein, were confidently identified to contain epsilon-N-acetyl groups. While no functional data are available for K147, K181 lies within an interfacial region critical for virion assembly and stability. The signature immonium ion at m/z 126.0919 demonstrated the presence of N-acetyllysine, and the sequence fragment ions enabled an unambiguous assignment of the epsilon-N-acetyl modification on K181. We hypothesize that selection favours acetylation of K181 in a fraction of coat protein monomers to stabilize the capsid by promoting intermonomer salt bridge formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cilia
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard Johnson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michelle Sweeney
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Stacy L. DeBlasio
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - James E. Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stewart M. Gray
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hipper C, Monsion B, Bortolamiol-Bécet D, Ziegler-Graff V, Brault V. Formation of virions is strictly required for turnip yellows virus long-distance movement in plants. J Gen Virol 2013; 95:496-505. [PMID: 24214396 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.058867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral genomic RNA of the Turnip yellows virus (TuYV; genus Polerovirus; family Luteoviridae) is protected in virions formed by the major capsid protein (CP) and the minor component, the readthrough (RT*) protein. Long-distance transport, used commonly by viruses to systemically infect host plants, occurs in phloem sieve elements and two viral forms of transport have been described: virions and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. With regard to poleroviruses, virions have always been presumed to be the long-distance transport form, but the potential role of RNP complexes has not been investigated. Here, we examined the requirement of virions for polerovirus systemic movement by analysing CP-targeted mutants that were unable to form viral particles. We confirmed that TuYV mutants that cannot encapsidate into virions are not able to reach systemic leaves. To completely discard the possibility that the introduced mutations in CP simply blocked the formation or the movement of RNP complexes, we tested in trans complementation of TuYV CP mutants by providing WT CP expressed in transgenic plants. WT CP was able to facilitate systemic movement of TuYV CP mutants and this observation was always correlated with the formation of virions. This demonstrated clearly that virus particles are essential for polerovirus systemic movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Hipper
- UMR INRA-UDS Virus-Vection Group, 28 rue de Herrlisheim, 68021 Colmar, France
| | - Baptiste Monsion
- UMR INRA-UDS Virus-Vection Group, 28 rue de Herrlisheim, 68021 Colmar, France
| | | | | | - Véronique Brault
- UMR INRA-UDS Virus-Vection Group, 28 rue de Herrlisheim, 68021 Colmar, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kassem MA, Juarez M, Gómez P, Mengual CM, Sempere RN, Plaza M, Elena SF, Moreno A, Fereres A, Aranda MA. Genetic diversity and potential vectors and reservoirs of Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus in southeastern Spain. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2013; 103:1188-1197. [PMID: 23802870 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-12-0280-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The genetic variability of a Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) (genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) population was evaluated by determining the nucleotide sequences of two genomic regions of CABYV isolates collected in open-field melon and squash crops during three consecutive years in Murcia (southeastern Spain). A phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of two major clades. The sequences did not cluster according to host, year, or locality of collection, and nucleotide similarities among isolates were 97 to 100 and 94 to 97% within and between clades, respectively. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions reflected that all open reading frames have been under purifying selection. Estimates of the population's genetic diversity were of the same magnitude as those previously reported for other plant virus populations sampled at larger spatial and temporal scales, suggesting either the presence of CABYV in the surveyed area long before it was first described, multiple introductions, or a particularly rapid diversification. We also determined the full-length sequences of three isolates, identifying the occurrence and location of recombination events along the CABYV genome. Furthermore, our field surveys indicated that Aphis gossypii was the major vector species of CABYV and the most abundant aphid species colonizing melon fields in the Murcia (Spain) region. Our surveys also suggested the importance of the weed species Ecballium elaterium as an alternative host and potential virus reservoir.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tamborindeguy C, Bereman MS, DeBlasio S, Igwe D, Smith DM, White F, MacCoss MJ, Gray SM, Cilia M. Genomic and proteomic analysis of Schizaphis graminum reveals cyclophilin proteins are involved in the transmission of cereal yellow dwarf virus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71620. [PMID: 23951206 PMCID: PMC3739738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow dwarf viruses cause the most economically important virus diseases of cereal crops worldwide and are transmitted by aphid vectors. The identification of aphid genes and proteins mediating virus transmission is critical to develop agriculturally sustainable virus management practices and to understand viral strategies for circulative movement in all insect vectors. Two cyclophilin B proteins, S28 and S29, were identified previously in populations of Schizaphisgraminum that differed in their ability to transmit the RPV strain of Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV-RPV). The presence of S29 was correlated with F2 genotypes that were efficient virus transmitters. The present study revealed the two proteins were isoforms, and a single amino acid change distinguished S28 and S29. The distribution of the two alleles was determined in 12 F2 genotypes segregating for CYDV-RPV transmission capacity and in 11 genetically independent, field-collected S. graminum biotypes. Transmission efficiency for CYDV-RPV was determined in all genotypes and biotypes. The S29 isoform was present in all genotypes or biotypes that efficiently transmit CYDV-RPV and more specifically in genotypes that efficiently transport virus across the hindgut. We confirmed a direct interaction between CYDV-RPV and both S28 and S29 using purified virus and bacterially expressed, his-tagged S28 and S29 proteins. Importantly, S29 failed to interact with a closely related virus that is transported across the aphid midgut. We tested for in vivo interactions using an aphid-virus co-immunoprecipitation strategy coupled with a bottom-up LC-MS/MS analysis using a Q Exactive mass spectrometer. This analysis enabled us to identify a third cyclophilin protein, cyclophilin A, interacting directly or in complex with purified CYDV-RPV. Taken together, these data provide evidence that both cyclophilin A and B interact with CYDV-RPV, and these interactions may be important but not sufficient to mediate virus transport from the hindgut lumen into the hemocoel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Tamborindeguy
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (CT)
| | - Michael S. Bereman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stacy DeBlasio
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - David Igwe
- Virology and Molecular Diagnostics Unit, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Dawn M. Smith
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Frank White
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stewart M. Gray
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle Cilia
- USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (CT)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Merkley ED, Cort JR, Adkins JN. Cross-linking and mass spectrometry methodologies to facilitate structural biology: finding a path through the maze. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 14:77-90. [PMID: 23917845 DOI: 10.1007/s10969-013-9160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiprotein complexes, rather than individual proteins, make up a large part of the biological macromolecular machinery of a cell. Understanding the structure and organization of these complexes is critical to understanding cellular function. Chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry is emerging as a complementary technique to traditional structural biology methods and can provide low-resolution structural information for a multitude of purposes, such as distance constraints in computational modeling of protein complexes. In this review, we discuss the experimental considerations for successful application of chemical cross-linking-mass spectrometry in biological studies and highlight three examples of such studies from the recent literature. These examples (as well as many others) illustrate the utility of a chemical cross-linking-mass spectrometry approach in facilitating structural analysis of large and challenging complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Merkley
- MS K8-98, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Delfosse VC, Casse MF, Agrofoglio YC, Kresic IB, Hopp HE, Ziegler-Graff V, Distéfano AJ. Agroinoculation of a full-length cDNA clone of cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) results in systemic infection in cotton and the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus Res 2013; 175:64-70. [PMID: 23623981 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cotton blue disease is the most important viral disease of cotton in the southern part of South America. Its etiological agent, cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV), is specifically transmitted to host plants by the aphid vector (Aphis gossypii) and any attempt to perform mechanical inoculations of this virus into its host has failed. This limitation has held back the study of this virus and the disease it causes. In this study, a full-length cDNA of CLRDV was constructed and expressed in vivo under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. An agrobacterium-mediated inoculation system for the cloned cDNA construct of CLRDV was developed. Northern and immunoblot analyses showed that after several weeks the replicon of CLRDV delivered by Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Gossypium hirsutum plants gave rise to a systemic infection and typical blue disease symptoms correlated to the presence of viral RNA and P3 capsid protein. We also demonstrated that the virus that accumulated in the agroinfected plants was transmissible by the vector A. gossypii. This result confirms the production of biologically active transmissible virions. In addition, the clone was infectious in Nicotiana benthamiana plants which developed interveinal chlorosis three weeks postinoculation and CLRDV was detected both in the inoculated and systemic leaves. Attempts to agroinfect Arabidopsis thaliana plants were irregularly successful. Although no symptoms were observed, the P3 capsid protein as well as the genomic and subgenomic RNAs were irregularly detected in systemic leaves of some agroinfiltrated plants. The inefficient infection rate infers that A. thaliana is a poor host for CLRDV. This is the first report on the construction of a biologically-active infectious full-length clone of a cotton RNA virus showing successful agroinfection of host and non-host plants. The system herein developed will be useful to study CLRDV viral functions and plant-virus interactions using a reverse genetic approach.
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang X, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Niu S, Qu F, Zhang Y, Han C, Yu J, Li D. N-terminal basic amino acid residues of Beet black scorch virus capsid protein play a critical role in virion assembly and systemic movement. Virol J 2013; 10:200. [PMID: 23786675 PMCID: PMC3691604 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beet black scorch virus (BBSV) is a small single-stranded, positive-sense RNA plant virus belonging to the genus Necrovirus, family Tombusviridae. Its capsid protein (CP) contains a 13 amino acid long basic region at the N-terminus, rich in arginine and lysine residues, which is thought to interact with viral RNA to initiate virion assembly. RESULTS In the current study, a series of BBSV mutants containing amino acid substitutions as well as deletions within the N-terminal region were generated and examined for their effects on viral RNA replication, virion assembly, and long distance spread in protoplasts and whole host plants of BBSV. The RNA-binding activities of the mutated CPs were also evaluated in vitro. These experiments allowed us to identify two key basic amino acid residues in this region that are responsible for initiating virus assembly through RNA-binding. Proper assembly of BBSV particles is in turn needed for efficient viral systemic movement. CONCLUSIONS We have identified two basic amino acid residues near the N-terminus of the BBSV CP that bind viral RNA with high affinity to initiate virion assembly. We further provide evidence showing that systemic spread of BBSV in infected plants requires intact virions. This study represents the first in-depth investigation of the role of basic amino acid residues within the N-terminus of a necroviral CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster OH 44691, USA
| | - Xiaofei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaofang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Qu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster OH 44691, USA
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kliot A, Ghanim M. The role of bacterial chaperones in the circulative transmission of plant viruses by insect vectors. Viruses 2013; 5:1516-35. [PMID: 23783810 PMCID: PMC3717719 DOI: 10.3390/v5061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent circulative transmission of plant viruses involves complex interactions between the transmitted virus and its insect vector. Several studies have shown that insect vector proteins are involved in the passage and the transmission of the virus. Interestingly, proteins expressed by bacterial endosymbionts that reside in the insect vector, were also shown to influence the transmission of these viruses. Thus far, the transmission of two plant viruses that belong to different virus genera was shown to be facilitated by a bacterial chaperone protein called GroEL. This protein was shown to be implicated in the transmission of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) by the green peach aphid Myzus persicae, and the transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by the sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci. These tri-trophic levels of interactions and their possible evolutionary implications are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Kliot
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; E-Mail:
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cilia M, Peter KA, Bereman MS, Howe K, Fish T, Smith D, Gildow F, MacCoss MJ, Thannhauser TW, Gray SM. Discovery and targeted LC-MS/MS of purified polerovirus reveals differences in the virus-host interactome associated with altered aphid transmission. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48177. [PMID: 23118947 PMCID: PMC3484124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulative transmission of viruses in the Luteoviridae, such as cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV), requires a series of precisely orchestrated interactions between virus, plant, and aphid proteins. Natural selection has favored these viruses to be retained in the phloem to facilitate acquisition and transmission by aphids. We show that treatment of infected oat tissue homogenate with sodium sulfite reduces transmission of the purified virus by aphids. Transmission electron microscopy data indicated no gross change in virion morphology due to treatments. However, treated virions were not acquired by aphids through the hindgut epithelial cells and were not transmitted when injected directly into the hemocoel. Analysis of virus preparations using nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry revealed a number of host plant proteins co-purifying with viruses, some of which were lost following sodium sulfite treatment. Using targeted mass spectrometry, we show data suggesting that several of the virus-associated host plant proteins accumulated to higher levels in aphids that were fed on CYDV-infected plants compared to healthy plants. We propose two hypotheses to explain these observations, and these are not mutually exclusive: (a) that sodium sulfite treatment disrupts critical virion-host protein interactions required for aphid transmission, or (b) that host infection with CYDV modulates phloem protein expression in a way that is favorable for virus uptake by aphids. Importantly, the genes coding for the plant proteins associated with virus may be examined as targets in breeding cereal crops for new modes of virus resistance that disrupt phloem-virus or aphid-virus interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Cilia
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (SMG)
| | - Kari A. Peter
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Bereman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kevin Howe
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Tara Fish
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Dawn Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Fredrick Gildow
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Theodore W. Thannhauser
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Stewart M. Gray
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (SMG)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chavez JD, Cilia M, Weisbrod CR, Ju HJ, Eng JK, Gray SM, Bruce JE. Cross-linking measurements of the Potato leafroll virus reveal protein interaction topologies required for virion stability, aphid transmission, and virus-plant interactions. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2968-81. [PMID: 22390342 PMCID: PMC3402239 DOI: 10.1021/pr300041t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein interactions are critical determinants of insect transmission for viruses in the family Luteoviridae. Two luteovirid structural proteins, the capsid protein (CP) and the readthrough protein (RTP), contain multiple functional domains that regulate virus transmission. There is no structural information available for these economically important viruses. We used Protein Interaction Reporter (PIR) technology, a strategy that uses chemical cross-linking and high resolution mass spectrometry, to discover topological features of the Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) CP and RTP that are required for the diverse biological functions of PLRV virions. Four cross-linked sites were repeatedly detected, one linking CP monomers, two within the RTP, and one linking the RTP and CP. Virus mutants with triple amino acid deletions immediately adjacent to or encompassing the cross-linked sites were defective in virion stability, RTP incorporation into the capsid, and aphid transmission. Plants infected with a new, infectious PLRV mutant lacking 26 amino acids encompassing a cross-linked site in the RTP exhibited a delay in the appearance of systemic infection symptoms. PIR technology provided the first structural insights into luteoviruses which are crucially lacking and are involved in vector-virus and plant-virus interactions. These are the first cross-linking measurements on any infectious, insect-transmitted virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Chavez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Michelle Cilia
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, 14853
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Chad R. Weisbrod
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Ho-Jong Ju
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
- Department of Agricultural Biology and Plant Medicinal Research Center, College of Agricultural & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 664-14 Deokjin-Dong 1Ga Deokjin-Gu Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Jimmy K. Eng
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| | - Stewart M. Gray
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York, 14853
- Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - James E. Bruce
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98109
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fusaro AF, Correa RL, Nakasugi K, Jackson C, Kawchuk L, Vaslin MFS, Waterhouse PM. The Enamovirus P0 protein is a silencing suppressor which inhibits local and systemic RNA silencing through AGO1 degradation. Virology 2012; 426:178-87. [PMID: 22361475 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The P0 protein of poleroviruses and P1 protein of sobemoviruses suppress the plant's RNA silencing machinery. Here we identified a silencing suppressor protein (SSP), P0(PE), in the Enamovirus Pea enation mosaic virus-1 (PEMV-1) and showed that it and the P0s of poleroviruses Potato leaf roll virus and Cereal yellow dwarf virus have strong local and systemic SSP activity, while the P1 of Sobemovirus Southern bean mosaic virus supresses systemic silencing. The nuclear localized P0(PE) has no discernable sequence conservation with known SSPs, but proved to be a strong suppressor of local silencing and a moderate suppressor of systemic silencing. Like the P0s from poleroviruses, P0(PE) destabilizes AGO1 and this action is mediated by an F-box-like domain. Therefore, despite the lack of any sequence similarity, the poleroviral and enamoviral SSPs have a conserved mode of action upon the RNA silencing machinery.
Collapse
|
44
|
A peptide that binds the pea aphid gut impedes entry of Pea enation mosaic virus into the aphid hemocoel. Virology 2010; 401:107-16. [PMID: 20223498 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Development of ways to block virus transmission by aphids could lead to novel and broad-spectrum means of controlling plant viruses. Viruses in the Luteoviridae enhanced are obligately transmitted by aphids in a persistent manner that requires virion accumulation in the aphid hemocoel. To enter the hemocoel, the virion must bind and traverse the aphid gut epithelium. By screening a phage display library, we identified a 12-residue gut binding peptide (GBP3.1) that binds to the midgut and hindgut of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Binding was confirmed by labeling the aphid gut with a GBP3.1-green fluorescent protein fusion. GBP3.1 reduced uptake of Pea enation mosaic virus (Luteoviridae) from the pea aphid gut into the hemocoel. GBP3.1 also bound to the gut epithelia of the green peach aphid and the soybean aphid. These results suggest a novel strategy for inhibiting plant virus transmission by at least three major aphid pest species.
Collapse
|
45
|
The C terminus of the polerovirus p5 readthrough domain limits virus infection to the phloem. J Virol 2009; 83:5419-29. [PMID: 19297484 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02312-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poleroviruses are restricted to vascular phloem tissues from which they are transmitted by their aphid vectors and are not transmissible mechanically. Phloem limitation has been attributed to the absence of virus proteins either facilitating movement or counteracting plant defense. The polerovirus capsid is composed of two forms of coat protein, the major P3 protein and the minor P3/P5 protein, a translational readthrough of P3. P3/P5 is required for insect transmission and acts in trans to facilitate long-distance virus movement in phloem tissue. Specific potato leafroll virus mutants lacking part or all of the P5 domain moved into and infected nonvascular mesophyll tissue when the source-sink relationship of the plant (Solanum sarrachoides) was altered by pruning, with the progeny virus now being transmissible mechanically. However, in a period of months, a phloem-specific distribution of the virus was reestablished in the absence of aphid transmission. Virus from the new phloem-limited infection showed compensatory mutations that would be expected to restore the production of full-length P3/P5 as well as the loss of mechanical transmissibility. The data support our hypothesis that phloem limitation in poleroviruses presumably does not result from a deficiency in the repertoire of virus genes but rather results from P3/P5 accumulation under selection in the infected plant, with the colateral effect of facilitating transmission by phloem-feeding aphid vectors.
Collapse
|
46
|
Peter KA, Liang D, Palukaitis P, Gray SM. Small deletions in the potato leafroll virus readthrough protein affect particle morphology, aphid transmission, virus movement and accumulation. J Gen Virol 2008; 89:2037-2045. [PMID: 18632976 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.83625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) capsid comprises 180 coat protein (CP) subunits, with some percentage containing a readthrough domain (RTD) extension located on the particle's surface. The RTD N terminus is highly conserved in luteovirids and this study sought to identify biologically active sites within this region of the PLRV RTD. Fourteen three-amino-acid-deletion mutants were generated from a cloned infectious PLRV cDNA and delivered to plants by Agrobacterium inoculations. All mutant viruses accumulated locally in infiltrated tissues and expressed the readthrough protein (RTP) containing the CP and RTD sequences in plant tissues; however, when purified, only three mutant viruses incorporated the RTP into the virion. None of the mutant viruses were aphid transmissible, but the viruses persisted in aphids for a period sufficient to allow for virus transmission. Several mutant viruses were examined further for systemic infection in four host species. All mutant viruses, regardless of RTP incorporation, moved systemically in each host, although they accumulated at different rates in systemically infected tissues. The biological properties of the RTP are sensitive to modifications in both the RTD conserved and variable regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari A Peter
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- USDA/ARS, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Delin Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- USDA/ARS, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Stewart M Gray
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- USDA/ARS, Biological Integrated Pest Management Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hogenhout SA, Ammar ED, Whitfield AE, Redinbaugh MG. Insect vector interactions with persistently transmitted viruses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2008; 46:327-59. [PMID: 18680428 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.022508.092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The majority of described plant viruses are transmitted by insects of the Hemipteroid assemblage that includes aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, planthoppers, and thrips. In this review we highlight progress made in research on vector interactions of the more than 200 plant viruses that are transmitted by hemipteroid insects beginning a few hours or days after acquisition and for up to the life of the insect, i.e., in a persistent-circulative or persistent-propagative mode. These plant viruses move through the insect vector, from the gut lumen into the hemolymph or other tissues and finally into the salivary glands, from which these viruses are introduced back into the plant host during insect feeding. The movement and/or replication of the viruses in the insect vectors require specific interactions between virus and vector components. Recent investigations have resulted in a better understanding of the replication sites and tissue tropism of several plant viruses that propagate in insect vectors. Furthermore, virus and insect proteins involved in overcoming transmission barriers in the vector have been identified for some virus-vector combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saskia A Hogenhout
- Department of Disease and Stress Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Messina TC, Kim H, Giurleo JT, Talaga DS. Hidden Markov model analysis of multichromophore photobleaching. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:16366-76. [PMID: 16913765 PMCID: PMC1995553 DOI: 10.1021/jp063367k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interpretation of single-molecule measurements is greatly complicated by the presence of multiple fluorescent labels. However, many molecular systems of interest consist of multiple interacting components. We investigate this issue using multiply labeled dextran polymers that we intentionally photobleach to the background on a single-molecule basis. Hidden Markov models allow for unsupervised analysis of the data to determine the number of fluorescent subunits involved in the fluorescence intermittency of the 6-carboxy-tetramethylrhodamine labels by counting the discrete steps in fluorescence intensity. The Bayes information criterion allows us to distinguish between hidden Markov models that differ by the number of states, that is, the number of fluorescent molecules. We determine information-theoretical limits and show via Monte Carlo simulations that the hidden Markov model analysis approaches these theoretical limits. This technique has resolving power of one fluorescing unit up to as many as 30 fluorescent dyes with the appropriate choice of dye and adequate detection capability. We discuss the general utility of this method for determining aggregation-state distributions as could appear in many biologically important systems and its adaptability to general photometric experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David S. Talaga
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: . URL: http://talaga.rutgers.edu
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kaplan IB, Lee L, Ripoll DR, Palukaitis P, Gildow F, Gray SM. Point mutations in the potato leafroll virus major capsid protein alter virion stability and aphid transmission. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:1821-1830. [PMID: 17485544 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The coat protein (CP) of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is the primary component of the capsid, and is a multifunctional protein known to be involved in vector transmission and virus movement within plant hosts, in addition to particle assembly. Thirteen mutations were generated in various regions of the CP and tested for their ability to affect virus-host and virus-vector interactions. Nine of the mutations prevented the assembly of stable virions. These mutants were unable to infect systemically four different host species. Furthermore, although virus replication and translation of the CP were similar for the mutants and wild-type virus in individual plant cells, the translation of the CP readthrough product was affected in several of the mutants. Four of the mutants were able to assemble stable particles and infect host plants systemically, similarly to the wild-type virus; however, two of the mutants were transmitted less efficiently by aphid vectors. Based on a computer-generated model of the PLRV CP, the mutations that prevented virion assembly were associated with subunit interfaces, while the amino acid alterations in the assembly-competent mutants were associated with surface loops. This and previous work indicates that the CP structural model has value in predicting the structural architecture of the virion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor B Kaplan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- USDA/ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lawrence Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- USDA/ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Daniel R Ripoll
- Computational Biology Service Unit, Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Frederick Gildow
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stewart M Gray
- Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- USDA/ARS, Plant Protection Research Unit, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu F, Wang X, Liu Y, Xie J, Gray SM, Zhou G, Gao B. A Chinese isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV represents a third distinct species within the PAV serotype. Arch Virol 2007; 152:1365-73. [PMID: 17347769 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-0947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The complete nucleotide sequence of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) PAV-CN genomic RNA was determined. This represents the seventh complete genome sequence of a BYDV-PAV serotype. The genome organization of PAV-CN was comparable to that of other BYDV-PAV serotypes, but the nucleotide sequence of full genome was only 76.9-80.3% similar. Sequence similarity of individual open reading frames and untranslated regions (UTR) between PAV-CN and other PAV isolates ranged from 37.9 to 98.2%. Overall, PAV-CN was most similar to BYDV-PAS, which belongs to one of two distinct species within the PAV serotype of BYDV, although the 5' UTR and ORF1 of PAV-CN was most similar to BYDV-GAV, another member of the genus Luteovirus that is not serologically related to BYDV-PAV. These data suggest that PAV-CN may have undergone a recombination event with GAV and that PAV-CN represents a third distinct species within the PAV serotype of BYDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|