1
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Numpadit S, Ito C, Nakaya T, Hagiwara K. Investigation of oncolytic effect of recombinant Newcastle disease virus in primary and metastatic oral melanoma. Med Oncol 2023; 40:138. [PMID: 37022566 PMCID: PMC10079733 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is aggressive cancer with a high rate of local invasiveness and metastasis. Currently, the treatment options for patients with advanced-stage and metastatic oral melanoma are limited. A promising treatment option is oncolytic viral therapy. This study aimed to evaluate novel therapies for malignant melanoma using a canine model. Oral melanoma, which frequently occurs in dogs is used as a model for human melanoma, was isolated and cultured and used for the evaluation of the tumor lytic effect induced by viral infection. We constructed a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) that promotes the extracellular release of IFNγ from the virus-infected melanoma. The expression of oncolytic and apoptosis-related genes, the immune response by lymphocytes, and IFNγ expression were evaluated in virus-infected melanoma cells. The results showed that the rate of rNDV infection varied according to the isolated melanoma cells and the oncolytic effect differed between melanoma cells owing to the infectivity of the virus. The oncolytic effect tended to be greater for the IFNγ-expressing virus than for the GFP-expressing prototype virus. Additionally, lymphocytes co-cultured with the virus showed induced expression of Th1 cytokines. Therefore, recombinant NDV expressing IFNγ is expected to induce cellular immunity and oncolytic activity. This oncolytic treatment shows promise as a therapeutic approach for melanoma treatment once evaluated using clinical samples from humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supaporn Numpadit
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ito
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakaya
- Department of Infectious Disease, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto-shi, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsuro Hagiwara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan.
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2
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Qiu J, Yang Y, Kong J, Cao Y, Liu Y, Luo H, Cao X. Quantification of pharmacokinetic profiles of a recombinant canine PD-1 fusion protein by validated sandwich ELISA method. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:951176. [PMID: 35990262 PMCID: PMC9382074 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.951176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are becoming a serious threat to the quality of life of human and dogs. Studies have shown that tumors have caused more than half of the deaths in older dogs. Similar to human, dogs will develop various and highly heterogeneous tumors, but there are currently no viable therapies for them. In human, immunotherapy has been used widely and considered as an effective treatment for tumors by immune checkpoint targets, which are also expressed on canine tumors, suggesting that immunotherapy may be a potential treatment for canine tumors. In this work, we developed a sandwich ELISA method to detect the concentration of recombinant canine PD-1 fusion protein in canine serum and investigated pharmacokinetics in canines after intravenous infusion administration. After being validated, the ELISA method showed an excellent linear relationship in 25.00–3,200.00 ng/ml in serum, and the R2 was more than 0.99 with four-parameter fitting. The precision and accuracy of intra-assay and inter-assay at the five different concentrations met the requirements of quantitative analysis. At the same time, no hook effect was observed at the concentration above ULOQ, and the stability was good under different predicted conditions with accuracy > 80%. The pharmacokinetic study in dogs has shown that the recombinant canine PD-1 fusion protein exhibited a typical biphasic PK profile after intravenous infusion administration, and the linear pharmacokinetic properties were observed between 1.00 and 12.00 mg/kg. Meanwhile, the T1/2 after intravenous infusion administration with non-compartmental analysis was about 5.79 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Kong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Haoshu Luo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing VJTBio Co., LTD., Beijing, China
| | - Xingyuan Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Chemical Hazards (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Detection for Veterinary Drug Residues and Illegal Additives, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyuan Cao
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3
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Tumor-Homing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected with Oncolytic Virus in a Canine Patient. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9060285. [PMID: 35737337 PMCID: PMC9228126 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9060285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous administration of oncolytic adenovirus (OAds) can be challenging, although various vehicles for the delivery of the virus to the tumor have been described. The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a virus vehicle has been reported in mouse models and canine and human patients, but the actual action mechanism has never been described in patients. It is of importance to determine whether MSCs infected with OAds can reach the tumor and release the virus in a clinical setting. For this purpose, GFP-labeled MSCs were infected with an OAd and inoculated into a companion dog diagnosed with spontaneous lung carcinoma. Forty-eight hours later, the tumor was excised and analyzed microscopically by flow cytometry for GFP fluorescence detection, and a cellular culture was established. Peripheral blood samples were taken to quantify the oncolytic adenovirus by qRT-PCR. Green fluorescence cells detected in the cellular culture by microscopy and flow cytometry revealed 0.69% GFP-positive cells in the tumor. OAd in peripheral blood was confirmed by qRT-PCR during follow-up. For the first time, the tumoral-homing capacity of OAds infected-MSC has been confirmed in a clinical setting, helping to explain the clinical response mechanism, whose efficacy was previously reported in canine and human patients.
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Saruuldalai E, Park J, Kang D, Shin SP, Im WR, Lee HH, Jang JJ, Park JL, Kim SY, Hwang JA, Kim YD, Lee JH, Park EJ, Lee YS, Kim IH, Lee SJ, Lee YS. A host non-coding RNA, nc886, plays a pro-viral role by promoting virus trafficking to the nucleus. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:683-694. [PMID: 35284627 PMCID: PMC8904404 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the interplay between viruses and host cells is crucial for taming viruses to benefit human health. Cancer therapy using adenovirus, called oncolytic virotherapy, is a promising treatment option but is not robust in all patients. In addition, inefficient replication of human adenovirus in mouse hampered the development of an in vivo model for preclinical evaluation of therapeutically engineered adenovirus. nc886 is a human non-coding RNA that suppresses Protein Kinase R (PKR), an antiviral protein. In this study, we have found that nc886 greatly promotes adenoviral gene expression and replication. Remarkably, the stimulatory effect of nc886 is not dependent on its function to inhibit PKR. Rather, nc886 facilitates the nuclear entry of adenovirus via modulating the kinesin pathway. nc886 is not conserved in mouse and, when xenogeneically expressed in mouse cells, promotes adenovirus replication. Our investigation has discovered a novel mechanism of how a host ncRNA plays a pro-adenoviral role. Given that nc886 expression is silenced in a subset of cancer cells, our study highlights that oncolytic virotherapy might be inefficient in those cells. Furthermore, our findings open future possibilities of harnessing nc886 to improve the efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus and to construct nc886-expressing transgenic mice as an animal model.
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A potential bat adenovirus-based oncolytic virus targeting canine cancers. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16706. [PMID: 34408176 PMCID: PMC8373906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a canine adenovirus (CAdV)-based oncolytic virus (OV) candidate targeting canine tumors has been reported, its oncolytic effect could be attenuated by CAdV vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies in dog patients. To circumvent this issue, we focused on the bat adenovirus (BtAdV) strain, which was previously isolated from healthy microbats. We previously showed that this virus replicated efficiently in canine cell lines and did not serologically cross-react with CAdVs, suggesting that it may offer the possibility of an OV candidate for canine tumors. Here, we tested the growth properties and cytotoxicity of the BtAdV Mm32 strain in a panel of canine tumor cells and found that its characteristics were equivalent to those of CAdVs. To produce an Mm32 construct with enhanced tumor specificity, we established a novel reverse genetics system for BtAdV based on bacterial artificial chromosomes, and generated a recombinant virus, Mm32-E1Ap + cTERTp, by inserting a tumor-specific canine telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter into its E1A regulatory region. The growth and cytotoxicity of this recombinant were superior to those of wild-type Mm32 in canine tumor cells, unlike in normal canine cells. These data suggest that Mm32-E1Ap + cTERTp could be a promising OV for alternative canine cancer therapies.
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Wang X, He S, Zhou Z, Bo X, Qi D, Fu X, Wang Z, Yang J, Wang S. LINCS dataset-based repositioning of rosiglitazone as a potential anti-human adenovirus drug. Antiviral Res 2020; 179:104789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Rodents Versus Pig Model for Assessing the Performance of Serotype Chimeric Ad5/3 Oncolytic Adenoviruses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020198. [PMID: 30744019 PMCID: PMC6406826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ad) are promising tools for cancer therapeutics. Most Ad-based therapies utilize species C serotypes, with Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) most commonly employed. Prior clinical trials demonstrated low efficiency of oncolytic Ad5 vectors, mainly due to the absence of Ad5 primary receptor (Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor, CAR) on cancer cells. Engineering serotype chimeric vectors (Ad5/3) to utilize Adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) receptors has greatly improved their oncolytic potential. Clinical translation of these infectivity-enhanced vectors has been challenging due to a lack of replication permissive animal models. In this study, we explored pigs as a model to study the performance of fiber-modified Ad5/3 chimeric vectors. As a control, the Ad5 fiber-unmodified virus was used. We analyzed binding, gene transfer, replication, and cytolytic ability of Ad5 and Ad5/3 in various non-human cell lines (murine, hamster, canine, porcine). Among all tested cell lines only porcine cells supported active binding and replication of Ad5/3. Syrian hamster cells supported Ad5 replication but showed no evidence of productive viral replication after infection with Ad5/3 vectors. Transduction and replication ability of Ad5/3 in porcine cells outperformed Ad5, a phenomenon often observed in human cancer cell lines. Replication of Ad5 and Ad5/3 was subsequently evaluated in vivo in immunocompetent pigs. Quantitative PCR analyses 7 days post infection revealed Ad5 and Ad5/3 DNA and replication-dependent luciferase activity in the swine lungs and spleen indicating active replication in these tissues. These studies demonstrated the flaws in using Syrian hamsters for testing serotype chimeric Ad5/3 vectors. This is the first report to validate the pig as a valuable model for preclinical testing of oncolytic adenoviruses utilizing Adenovirus type 3 receptors. We hope that these data will help to foster the clinical translation of oncolytic adenoviruses including those with Ad3 retargeted tropism.
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Sánchez D, Cesarman-Maus G, Amador-Molina A, Lizano M. Oncolytic Viruses for Canine Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110404. [PMID: 30373251 PMCID: PMC6266482 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has been investigated for several decades and is emerging as a plausible biological therapy with several ongoing clinical trials and two viruses are now approved for cancer treatment in humans. The direct cytotoxicity and immune-stimulatory effects make oncolytic viruses an interesting strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the results of in vitro and in vivo published studies of oncolytic viruses in different phases of evaluation in dogs, using PubMed and Google scholar as search platforms, without time restrictions (to date). Natural and genetically modified oncolytic viruses were evaluated with some encouraging results. The most studied viruses to date are the reovirus, myxoma virus, and vaccinia, tested mostly in solid tumors such as osteosarcomas, mammary gland tumors, soft tissue sarcomas, and mastocytomas. Although the results are promising, there are issues that need addressing such as ensuring tumor specificity, developing optimal dosing, circumventing preexisting antibodies from previous exposure or the development of antibodies during treatment, and assuring a reasonable safety profile, all of which are required in order to make this approach a successful therapy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sánchez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Cesarman-Maus
- Department of Hematology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo Amador-Molina
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
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9
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MacNeill AL. On the potential of oncolytic virotherapy for the treatment of canine cancers. Oncolytic Virother 2015; 4:95-107. [PMID: 27512674 PMCID: PMC4918385 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s66358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 6 million dogs are diagnosed with cancer in the USA each year. Treatment options for many of these patients are limited. It is important that the veterinary and scientific communities begin to explore novel treatment protocols for dogs with cancer. Oncolytic viral therapy is a promising treatment option that may prove to be relatively inexpensive and effective against several types of cancer. The efficacy of oncolytic virus therapies has been clearly demonstrated in murine cancer models, but the positive outcomes observed in mice are not always seen in human cancer patients. These therapies should be thoroughly evaluated in dogs with spontaneously arising cancers to provide needed information about the potential effectiveness of virus treatment for human cancers and to promote the health of our companion animals. This article provides a review of the results of oncolytic virus treatment of canine cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L MacNeill
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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10
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Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are the cause of many acute infections, mostly in the respiratory and gastrointestinal (GI) tracts, as well as conjunctivitis. HAdV diseases in immunocompetent individuals are mostly self-limiting; however, in immunocompromised individuals, especially in pediatric units, HAdV infections are the cause of high morbidity and mortality. Despite the significant clinical impact, there are currently no approved antiviral therapies for HAdV infections. Here, we provide an overview of the different targets that could be considered for the design of specific drugs against HAdV, as well as the available in vitro and in vivo tools for the screening and evaluation of candidate molecules.
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Gentschev I, Patil SS, Petrov I, Cappello J, Adelfinger M, Szalay AA. Oncolytic virotherapy of canine and feline cancer. Viruses 2014; 6:2122-37. [PMID: 24841386 PMCID: PMC4036544 DOI: 10.3390/v6052122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death in companion animals such as dogs and cats. Despite recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced canine and feline cancer, overall patient treatment outcome has not been substantially improved. Virotherapy using oncolytic viruses is one promising new strategy for cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and lyse cancer cells, without causing excessive damage to surrounding healthy tissue, and initiate tumor-specific immunity. The current review describes the use of different oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy and their application to canine and feline cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivaylo Gentschev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Sandeep S Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Ivan Petrov
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Joseph Cappello
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
| | - Marion Adelfinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97074, Germany.
| | - Aladar A Szalay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg D-97074, Germany.
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A pRb-responsive, RGD-modified, and hyaluronidase-armed canine oncolytic adenovirus for application in veterinary oncology. Mol Ther 2014; 22:986-98. [PMID: 24448161 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human and canine cancer share similarities such as genetic and molecular aspects, biological complexity, tumor epidemiology, and targeted therapeutic treatment. Lack of good animal models for human adenovirotherapy has spurred the use of canine adenovirus 2-based oncolytic viruses. We have constructed a canine oncolytic virus that mimics the characteristics of our previously published human adenovirus ICOVIR17: expression of E1a controlled by E2F sites, deletion of the pRb-binding site of E1a, insertion of an RGD integrin-binding motif at the fiber Knob, and expression of hyaluronidase under the major late promoter/IIIa protein splicing acceptor control. Preclinical studies showed selectivity, increased cytotoxicity, and strong hyaluronidase activity. Intratumoral treatment of canine osteosarcoma and melanoma xenografts in mice resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged survival. Moreover, we treated six dogs with different tumor types, including one adenoma, two osteosarcomas, one mastocitoma, one fibrosarcoma, and one neuroendocrine hepatic carcinoma. No virus-associated adverse effects were observed, but toxicity associated to tumor lysis, including disseminated intravascular coagulation and systemic failure, was found in one case. Two partial responses and two stable diseases warrant additional clinical testing.
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Gentschev I, Patil SS, Adelfinger M, Weibel S, Geissinger U, Frentzen A, Chen NG, Yu YA, Zhang Q, Ogilvie G, Szalay AA. Characterization and evaluation of a new oncolytic vaccinia virus strain LIVP6.1.1 for canine cancer therapy. Bioengineered 2012; 4:84-9. [PMID: 23093804 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Virotherapy on the basis of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) strains is one novel approach for canine cancer therapy. In this study we described for the first time the characterization and the use of new VACV strain LIVP6.1.1 as an oncolytic agent against canine cancer in a panel of four canine cancer cell lines including: soft tissue sarcoma (STSA-1), melanoma (CHAS), osteosarcoma (D-17) and prostate carcinoma (DT08/40). Cell culture data demonstrated that LIVP6.1.1 efficiently infected and destroyed all four tested canine cancer cell lines. In two different xenograft models on the basis of the canine soft tissue sarcoma STSA-1 and the prostate carcinoma DT08/40 cell lines, a systemic administration of the LIVP6.1.1 virus was found to be safe and led to anti-tumor and immunological effects resulting in the significant reduction of tumor growth in comparison to untreated control mice. In summary, the pre-clinical evaluation has demonstrated the efficacy of LIVP6.1.1 for canine cancer therapy. Furthermore, a clinical trial with canine cancer patients has already been started.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivaylo Gentschev
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA, USA
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14
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A novel immunocompetent murine tumor model for the evaluation of RCAd-enhanced RDAd transduction efficacy. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1245-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Patil SS, Gentschev I, Nolte I, Ogilvie G, Szalay AA. Oncolytic virotherapy in veterinary medicine: current status and future prospects for canine patients. J Transl Med 2012; 10:3. [PMID: 22216938 PMCID: PMC3398296 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses refer to those that are able to eliminate malignancies by direct targeting and lysis of cancer cells, leaving non-cancerous tissues unharmed. Several oncolytic viruses including adenovirus strains, canine distemper virus and vaccinia virus strains have been used for canine cancer therapy in preclinical studies. However, in contrast to human studies, clinical trials with oncolytic viruses for canine cancer patients have not been reported. An 'ideal' virus has yet to be identified. This review is focused on the prospective use of oncolytic viruses in the treatment of canine tumors - a knowledge that will undoubtedly contribute to the development of oncolytic viral agents for canine cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep S Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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16
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Ugai H, Wang M, Le LP, Matthews DA, Yamamoto M, Curiel DT. In vitro dynamic visualization analysis of fluorescently labeled minor capsid protein IX and core protein V by simultaneous detection. J Mol Biol 2010; 395:55-78. [PMID: 19853616 PMCID: PMC2787850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses represent a promising therapeutic medicine for human cancer therapy, but successful translation into human clinical trials requires careful evaluation of their viral characteristics. While the function of adenovirus proteins has been analyzed in detail, the dynamics of adenovirus infection remain largely unknown due to technological constraints that prevent adequate tracking of adenovirus particles after infection. Fluorescence labeling of adenoviral particles is one new strategy designed to directly analyze the dynamic processes of viral infection in virus-host cell interactions. We hypothesized that the double labeling of an adenovirus with fluorescent proteins would allow us to properly analyze intracellular viruses and the fate of viral proteins in a live analysis of an adenovirus as compared to single labeling. Thus, we generated a fluorescently labeled adenovirus with both a red fluorescent minor capsid protein IX (pIX) [pIX monomeric red fluorescent protein 1 (mRFP1)] and a green fluorescent minor core protein V (pV) [pV enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)], resulting in Ad5-IX-mRFP1-E3-V-EGFP. The fluorescent signals for pIX-mRFP1 and pV-EGFP were detected within 10 min in living cells. However, a growth curve analysis of Ad5-IX-mRFP1-E3-V-EGFP showed an approximately 150-fold reduced production of the viral progeny at 48 h postinfection as compared to adenovirus type 5. Interestingly, pIX-mRFP1 and pV-EGFP were initially localized in the cytoplasm and nucleolus, respectively, at 18 h postinfection. These proteins were observed in the nucleus during the late stage of infection, and relocalization of the proteins was observed in an adenoviral-replication-dependent manner. These results indicate that simultaneous detection of adenoviruses using dual-fluorescent proteins is suitable for real-time analysis, including identification of infected cells and monitoring of viral spread, which will be required for a complete evaluation of oncolytic adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyo Ugai
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Long P. Le
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Pathology Service, 55 Fruit St.-GRJ 249, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David A. Matthews
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Masato Yamamoto
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David T. Curiel
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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17
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Chen SY, Shiau AL, Shieh GS, Su CH, Lee CH, Lee HL, Wang CR, Wu CL. Amelioration of experimental arthritis by a telomerase-dependent conditionally replicating adenovirus that targets synovial fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:3290-302. [PMID: 19877026 DOI: 10.1002/art.24940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has been documented that the phenotype of rheumatoid synovium is similar, in many respects, to that of an aggressive tumor. In this study, a novel, genetically engineered adenovirus was designed to lyse SFs that exhibit high telomerase activity and p53 mutations, and its effects as a novel therapeutic strategy were assessed in an experimental arthritis model. METHODS An E1B-55-kd-deleted adenovirus driven by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter was constructed (designated Ad.GS1). Cytolysis of SFs and productive replication of Ad.GS1 in the SFs of rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), as well as the SFs of patients with RA (RASFs), were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Treatment responses, as well as the presence of disease-related cytokines and enzymes in the ankle joints, were determined in the murine model. RESULTS Ad.GS1 replicated in and induced cytolysis of human RASFs and SFs from arthritic rats, but spared normal fibroblasts. Bioluminescence imaging in vivo also demonstrated replication of Ad.GS1 in arthritic rat joints, but not in normal rat joints. Intraarticular administration of Ad.GS1 significantly reduced the ankle circumference, articular index scores, radiographic scores, and histologic scores and decreased the production of interleukin-1beta, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and prolyl 4-hydroxylase in rats with CIA compared with their control counterparts. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate the amelioration of arthritic symptoms by a novel, telomerase-dependent adenovirus in the rat CIA model, an experimental model that resembles human RA. In addition, the results suggest that because of its ability to induce cytolysis of SFs, this virus may be further explored as a therapeutic agent in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yao Chen
- National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
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18
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Kumar S, Freytag SO, Barton KN, Burmeister J, Joiner MC, Sedghi B, Movsas B, Binns PJ, Kim JH, Brown SL. A novel method of boron delivery using sodium iodide symporter for boron neutron capture therapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:621-626. [PMID: 20921830 PMCID: PMC3735134 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) effectiveness depends on the preferential sequestration of boron in cancer cells relative to normal tissue cells. We present a novel strategy for sequestering boron using an adenovirus expressing the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). Human glioma grown subcutaneously in athymic mice and orthotopic rat brain tumors were transfected with NIS using a direct tumor injection of adenovirus. Boron bound as sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF(4)) was administered systemically several days after transfection. Tumors were excised hours later and assessed for boron concentration using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. In the human glioma transfected with NIS, boron concentration was more than 10 fold higher with 100 mg/kg of NaBF(4), compared to tumor not transfected. In the orthotopic tumor model, the presence of NIS conferred almost 4 times the boron concentration in rat tumors transfected with human virus compared with contralateral normal brain not transfected. We conclude that adenovirus expressing NIS has the potential to be used as a novel boron delivery agent and should be explored for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanath Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
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19
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Arendt M, Nasir L, Morgan IM. Oncolytic gene therapy for canine cancers: teaching old dog viruses new tricks. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 7:153-61. [PMID: 19691644 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of viruses to treat cancer has been studied for decades. With the advancement of molecular biology, viruses have been modified and genetically engineered to optimize their ability to target cancer cells. Canine viruses, such as distemper virus and adenovirus, are being exploited for the treatment of canine cancer as the dog has proven to be a good comparative model for human cancer research and proof of concept investigations. In this review, we introduce the concept of oncolytic viruses and describe some of the preliminary attempts to use oncolytic viruses for the treatment of canine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arendt
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, Division of Pathological Sciences, University of Glasgow Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Spencer JF, Sagartz JE, Wold WSM, Toth K. New pancreatic carcinoma model for studying oncolytic adenoviruses in the permissive Syrian hamster. Cancer Gene Ther 2009; 16:912-22. [PMID: 19478829 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2009.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Syrian hamster is a practical animal model for studying the systemic effects of oncolytic vectors derived from adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5). Ad5 replicates well in Syrian hamster tissues, and Syrian hamster cell lines are available that are known to support Ad5 replication. In this study, we established four new Syrian hamster cell lines from transplantable pancreatic, renal, hepatic and lung tumors. The pancreatic cell line (SHPC6) and the renal cell line were highly permissive for Ad5 replication. The SHPC6 cell line formed disseminated intraperitoneal tumors when cells were injected into the peritoneal cavity. INGN 007, an oncolytic Ad5-based vector, completely reversed the growth of disseminated intraperitoneal SHPC6 tumor nodules following intraperitoneal injection of the vector, leading to 100% survival of the treated animals. SHPC6 cells also formed subcutaneous tumors, whose growth was suppressed by INGN 007 following intratumoral injection. INGN 007 replicated in both the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous SHPC6 tumors. Following intraperitoneal injection, INGN 007 did not replicate in the livers of hamsters with intraperitoneal SHPC6 tumors, and was not hepatotoxic. These studies suggest that the SHPC6 cell line may be useful as a model for disseminated pancreatic cancer, and that INGN 007 may be a safe and effective vector to treat these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Spencer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104, USA
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21
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Tuve S, Liu Y, Tragoolpua K, Jacobs JD, Yumul RC, Li ZY, Strauss R, Hellström KE, Disis ML, Roffler S, Lieber A. In situ adenovirus vaccination engages T effector cells against cancer. Vaccine 2009; 27:4225-39. [PMID: 19481312 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is limited because of central and peripheral immune tolerance towards tumor-antigens. We propose a novel approach based on the fact that the immune system has not evolved tolerance towards adenoviruses (Ads) and that Ads have not evolved efficient mechanisms for immune-escape. The host-response to intratumoral Ad-vector injection in mice that were immunologically tolerant to neu-positive syngeneic mammary-cancer (MMC) was investigated. Intratumoral injection with replication-deficient, transgene-devoid Ad induced immune responses at two different anatomical sites: the tumor-draining lymph nodes and the tumor microenvironment. The lymph nodes supported the generation of both neu- and Ad-specific T effector cells, while inside the tumor microenvironment only Ad-specific T cells expanded. Importantly, Ad-specific T cells were anti-tumor-reactive despite the presence of active regulatory T cell-mediated immune tolerance inside MMC tumors and anti-tumor efficacy of Ad was increased by pre-immunization against Ad despite the production of Ad-neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tuve
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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22
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Abstract
Adenoviruses have been studied intensively for over 50 years as models of virus-cell interactions and latterly as gene vectors. With the advent of more sophisticated structural analysis techniques the disposition of most of the 13 structural proteins have been defined to a reasonable level. This review seeks to describe the functional properties of these proteins and shows that they all have a part to play in deciding the outcome of an infection and act at every level of the virus's path through the host cell. They are primarily involved in the induction of the different arms of the immune system and a better understanding of their overall properties should lead to more effective ways of combating virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Russell
- School of Biology, Biomolecular Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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23
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Hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir, CMX001, prevents adenovirus-induced mortality in a permissive, immunosuppressed animal model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:7293-7. [PMID: 18490659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0800200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) cause a wide array of end-organ and disseminated diseases in severely immunosuppressed patients. For example, approximately 20% of pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients develop disseminated Ad infection, and the disease proves fatal in as many as 50-80% of these patients. Ad infections are a serious problem for solid-organ transplant recipients and AIDS patients as well. Unfortunately, there are no antiviral drugs approved specifically to treat these infections. A suitable animal model that is permissive for Ad replication would help in the discovery process. Here we identify an animal model to study Ad pathogenesis and the efficacy of antiviral compounds. We show that human serotype 5 Ad (Ad5) causes severe systemic disease in immunosuppressed Syrian hamsters that is similar to that seen in immunocompromised patients. We also demonstrate that hexadecyloxypropyl-cidofovir (CMX001) rescues the hamsters from a lethal challenge with Ad5. The antiviral drug provided protection both prophylactically and when given up to 2 days after i.v. exposure to Ad5. CMX001 acts by reducing Ad replication in key target organs. Thus, the immunosuppressed Syrian hamster is a powerful model to evaluate anti-Ad drugs, and its use can facilitate the entry of drugs such as CMX001 into clinical trials.
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24
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Steel JC, Morrison BJ, Mannan P, Abu-Asab MS, Wildner O, Miles BK, Yim KC, Ramanan V, Prince GA, Morris JC. Immunocompetent syngeneic cotton rat tumor models for the assessment of replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus. Virology 2007; 369:131-42. [PMID: 17727912 PMCID: PMC2104792 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses as a treatment for cancer have demonstrated limited clinical activity. Contributing to this may be the relevance of preclinical animal models used to study these agents. Syngeneic mouse tumor models are generally non-permissive for adenoviral replication, whereas human tumor xenograft models exhibit attenuated immune responses to the vector. The cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) is susceptible to human adenovirus infection, permissive for viral replication and exhibits similar inflammatory pathology to humans with adenovirus replicating in the lungs, respiratory passages and cornea. We evaluated three transplantable tumorigenic cotton rat cell lines, CCRT, LCRT and VCRT as models for the study of oncolytic adenoviruses. All three cells lines were readily infected with adenovirus type-5-based vectors and exhibited high levels of transgene expression. The cell lines supported viral replication demonstrated by the induction of cytopathogenic effect (CPE) in tissue culture, increase in virus particle numbers and assembly of virions seen on transmission electron microscopy. In vivo, LCRT and VCRT tumors demonstrated delayed growth after injection with replicating adenovirus. No in vivo antitumor activity was seen in CCRT tumors despite in vitro oncolysis. Adenovirus was also rapidly cleared from the CCRT tumors compared to LCRT and VCRT tumors. The effect observed with the different cotton rat tumor cell lines mimics the variable results of human clinical trials highlighting the potential relevance of this model for assessing the activity and toxicity of oncolytic adenoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Steel
- Cancer Gene Therapy Section, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian J. Morrison
- Cancer Gene Therapy Section, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Poonam Mannan
- Cancer Gene Therapy Section, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Mones S. Abu-Asab
- Ultrastructural Pathology, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver Wildner
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Vijay Ramanan
- Cancer Gene Therapy Section, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | | | - John C. Morris
- Cancer Gene Therapy Section, Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
- *Corresponding Author: John C. Morris M.D., Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Mark O. Hatfield Clinical Research Center, Room 4-5330, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1457. Phone: (301) 402-2912; Fax: (301) 402-1001; E-mail:
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25
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Stoff-Khalili MA, Rivera AA, Stoff A, Michael Mathis J, Rocconi RP, Matthews QL, Numnum MT, Herrmann I, Dall P, Eckhoff DE, Douglas JT, Siegal GP, Zhu ZB, Curiel DT. Combining high selectivity of replication via CXCR4 promoter with fiber chimerism for effective adenoviral oncolysis in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:935-41. [PMID: 17131341 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) represent novel therapeutic agents that have been recently applied in the context of breast cancer therapy. However, deficiencies in the ability of the adenovirus to infect target tumor cells and to specifically replicate within the tumor target represent key deficiencies preventing the realization of the full potential of this therapeutic approach. Minimal expression of the adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) receptor CAR (coxsackie and adenovirus receptor) on breast cancer cells represents a major limitation for Ad5-based virotherapy. Genetic fiber chimerism is a method to alter the tropism of Ad5-based CRAds to achieve CAR-independent infectivity of tumor cells. Here, we describe the use of a CRAd with cancer specific transcriptional control of the essential Ad5 E1A gene using the human CXCR4 gene promoter. We further modified the fiber protein of this agent by switching the knob domain with that of the adenovirus serotype 3. The oncolytic activity of this 5/3 fiber-modified CRAd was studied in breast cancer cell lines, primary breast cancer and human liver tissue slices from patients, and in a xenograft breast cancer mouse model. This infectivity enhanced CRAd agent showed improved replication and killing in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo with a remarkable specificity profile that was strongly attenuated in nonbreast cancer cells, as well as in normal human breast and liver tissues. In conclusion, utilization of a CRAd that combined infectivity enhancement strategies and transcriptional targeting improved the CRAd-based antineoplastic effects for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Stoff-Khalili
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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26
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Witlox M, Lamfers M, Wuisman P, Curiel D, Siegal G. Evolving gene therapy approaches for osteosarcoma using viral vectors: review. Bone 2007; 40:797-812. [PMID: 17189720 PMCID: PMC2731716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review begins with an introduction to the malignant bone tumor, osteosarcoma [OS] and then moves to a discussion of the commonly used vectors for gene transfer. We first briefly highlight non-viral vectors including polymeric and liposomal delivery systems but concentrate predominantly on the 5 leading viral vectors used in cancer gene therapy, specifically retroviruses, adeno-associated viruses, herpes viruses and lentiviruses with the most detailed analysis reserved for adenoviruses. The 3 main strategies for gene therapy in osteosarcoma are next summarized. As part of this review, the several prodrug-converting enzymes utilized in OS suicide gene therapy are examined. The text then turns to a discussion of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer and the need for tumor targeting via transductional or transcriptional approaches. Because of practical problems with use of replication-incompetent viruses in achieving complete tumor kill in vivo, virotherapy utilizing replication competent viruses has come to the fore. This topic is, thus, next reviewed which allows for a natural transition to a discussion of armed therapeutic viruses many of which are conditionally replicating adenoviruses carrying transgenes with established anti-tumor efficacy. We recognize that several other issues have arisen which hamper progress in the field of cancer gene therapy. We, therefore, review viral-induced toxicity in the host and vector delivery issues which have been found to potentially influence safety. We end with a brief perspective including commenting on animal models used in examining delivery strategies for osteosarcoma gene therapy. The challenges remaining are touched upon most especially the need to deal with pulmonary metastatic disease from OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Witlox
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL, ,
- Divison of Gene Therapy, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL
| | - M.L. Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL,
| | - P.I.J.M. Wuisman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, NL, ,
| | - D.T. Curiel
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Depts. Of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology & Ob/Gyn and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,
| | - G.P. Siegal
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology, and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA,
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27
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Mathis JM, Stewart PL, Zhu ZB, Curiel DT. Advanced generation adenoviral virotherapy agents embody enhanced potency based upon CAR-independent tropism. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:2651-6. [PMID: 16675555 PMCID: PMC2203211 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Michael Mathis
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Phoebe L. Stewart
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zheng B. Zhu
- Division of Human GeneTherapy, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynecology and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Louisiana
| | - David T. Curiel
- Division of Human GeneTherapy, Departments of Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, Obstetrics, and Gynecology and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Louisiana
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28
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Ternovoi VV, Curiel DT, Smith BF, Siegal GP. Adenovirus-mediated p53 tumor suppressor gene therapy of osteosarcoma. J Transl Med 2006; 86:748-66. [PMID: 16751779 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome for osteosarcoma (OS) remains discouraging despite efforts to optimize treatment using conventional modalities including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Novel therapeutic approaches based on our expanding understanding of the mechanisms of tumor cell killing have the potential to alter this situation. Tumor suppressor gene therapy aims to restore the function of a tumor suppressor gene lost or functionally inactivated in cancer cells. One such molecule, the p53 tumor suppressor gene plays a critical role in safeguarding the integrity of the genome and preventing tumorigenesis. Introduction of wild-type (wt) p53 into transformed cells has been shown to be lethal for most cancer cells in vitro, but clinical trials of p53 gene replacement have had limited success. Analysis of these clinical trials highlighted the insufficient efficacy of current vectors and low proapoptotic activity of wt p53 as a single agent in vivo. In this review, a contemporary summarization of the current status of adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy of OS is presented. Advancement in our understanding of p53 tumor suppressor activity, the molecular biology of chemoresistant OS, and recent advances in tumor targeting with adenoviral vectors are also addressed. Based on these parameters, prospects for future investigations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Ternovoi
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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29
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Thomas MA, Spencer JF, La Regina MC, Dhar D, Tollefson AE, Toth K, Wold WSM. Syrian hamster as a permissive immunocompetent animal model for the study of oncolytic adenovirus vectors. Cancer Res 2006; 66:1270-6. [PMID: 16452178 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-3497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses represent an innovative approach to cancer therapy. These vectors are typically evaluated in immunodeficient mice with human xenograft tumors. However, in addition to being immunodeficient, this model is limited because normal and cancerous mouse tissues are poorly permissive for human adenovirus replication. This prompted us to search for a model that more accurately reflects the use of oncolytic adenoviruses in cancer patients. To this end, we developed a novel Syrian hamster model that is both immunocompetent and replication-permissive. We found that human adenovirus replicates well in Syrian hamster cell lines and confirmed replication in the lungs. Oncolytic adenovirus injection showed efficacy in three different hamster tumor models. Furthermore, i.t. oncolytic adenovirus injection resulted in suppression of primary and metastatic lesions, i.t. replication and necrosis, vector entrance into the bloodstream, replication in the liver and lungs, and anti-adenovirus antibody induction. Our findings show that the Syrian hamster is a promising immunocompetent model that is permissive to human adenovirus replication in tumors as well as normal tissues. Therefore, the Syrian hamster model may become a valuable tool for the field of oncolytic adenovirus vectors in which vector safety and efficacy can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Thomas
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine and Division of Comparative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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30
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Le LP, Li J, Ternovoi VV, Siegal GP, Curiel DT. Fluorescently tagged canine adenovirus via modification with protein IX-enhanced green fluorescent protein. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:3201-3208. [PMID: 16298964 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2) has become an attractive vector for gene therapy because of its non-pathogenicity and the lack of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against this virus in the human population. Additionally, this vector has been proposed as a conditionally replicative adenovirus agent under the control of an osteocalcin promoter for evaluation in a syngeneic, immunocompetent canine model with spontaneous osteosarcoma. In this study, a CAV2 vector labelled with the fluorescent capsid fusion protein IX-enhanced green fluorescent protein (pIX-EGFP) was developed. Expression of the fluorescent fusion-protein label in infected cells with proper nuclear localization, and incorporation into virions, could be detected. The labelled virions could be visualized by fluorescence microscopy; this was applicable to the tracking of CAV2 infection, as well as localizing the distribution of the vector in tissues. Expression of pIX-EGFP could be exploited to detect the replication and spread of CAV2. These results indicate that pIX can serve as a platform for incorporation of heterologous proteins in the context of a canine adenovirus xenotype. It is believed that capsid-labelled CAV2 has utility for vector-development studies and for monitoring CAV2-based oncolytic adenovirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long P Le
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street South, BMR2-502, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street South, BMR2-502, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Vladimir V Ternovoi
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street South, BMR2-502, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gene P Siegal
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Biology and Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2172, USA
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street South, BMR2-502, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th Street South, BMR2-502, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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31
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Mathis JM, Stoff-Khalili MA, Curiel DT. Oncolytic adenoviruses - selective retargeting to tumor cells. Oncogene 2005; 24:7775-91. [PMID: 16299537 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Virotherapy is an approach for the treatment of cancer, in which the replicating virus itself is the anticancer agent. Virotherapy exploits the lytic property of virus replication to kill tumor cells. As this approach relies on viral replication, the virus can self-amplify and spread in the tumor from an initial infection of only a few cells. The success of this approach is fundamentally based on the ability to deliver the replication-competent viral genome to target cells with a requisite level of efficiency. With virotherapy, while a number of transcriptional retargeting strategies have been utilized to restrict viral replication to tumor cells, this review will focus primarily on transductional retargeting strategies, whereby oncolytic viruses can be designed to selectively infect tumor cells. Using the adenoviral vector paradigm, there are three broad strategies useful for viral retargeting. One strategy uses heterologous retargeting ligands that are bispecific in that they bind both to the viral vector as well as to a cell surface target. A second strategy uses genetically modified viral vectors in which a cellular retargeting ligand is incorporated. A third strategy involves the construction of chimeric recombinant vectors, in which a capsid protein from one virus is exchanged for that of another. These transductional retargeting strategies have the potential for reducing deleterious side effects, and increasing the therapeutic index of virotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Mathis
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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32
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Rots MG, Elferink MGL, Gommans WM, Oosterhuis D, Schalk JAC, Curiel DT, Olinga P, Haisma HJ, Groothuis GMM. Anex vivo human model system to evaluate specificity of replicating and non-replicating gene therapy agents. J Gene Med 2005; 8:35-41. [PMID: 16044485 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inefficiency, aspecificity and toxicity of gene transfer vectors hamper gene therapy from showing its full potential. On this basis significant research currently focuses on developing vectors with improved infection and/or expression profiles. Screening assays with validity to the clinical context to determine improved characteristics of such agents are not readily available since this requires a close relationship to the human situation. We present a clinically relevant tissue slice technology to preclinically test improved vector characteristics. METHODS Slices were prepared from rat, mouse and human liver samples and from tumor tissue. Specificity of gene expression and replication was determined by infecting target and non-target tissue slices with transcriptionally retargeted adenoviruses and oncolytic viruses. RESULTS Using rat liver slices, we demonstrate efficient knob-mediated adenoviral infectivity. A favorable tumor-on/liver-off profile, resembling in vitro and mouse in vivo data, was shown for a tumor-specific transcriptionally retargeted adenovirus by infecting slices prepared from tumor or liver tissue. Similar liver-off data were found for mouse, rat and human samples (over 3-log lower activity of the tumor-specific promoter compared to cytomegalovirus (CMV)). More importantly, we show that this technology when applied to human livers is a powerful tool to determine aspecific replication of oncolytic viruses in liver tissue. A 2- to 6-log reduction in viral replication was observed for a tumor-specific oncolytic virus compared to the wild-type adenovirus. CONCLUSIONS The precision-cut tissue slice technology is a powerful method to test specificity and efficiency of gene transfer as well as of viral replication using human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Rots
- Department of Therapeutic Gene Modulation, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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