1
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Kato Y, Rice N, Pokrass M, Jeong J, Rodriguez R, Field JJ, Nowyhed H. Nonclinical characterization of ICVB-1042 as a selective oncolytic adenovirus for solid tumor treatment. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1132. [PMID: 39271928 PMCID: PMC11399272 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
ICVB-1042 is an oncolytic adenovirus containing modifications to enhance replication, lysis, and viral spreading in tumor cells. The anti-tumor activity, immune activation, tropism, selectivity, and mechanism of action were evaluated in preparation for a first-in-human study. ICVB-1042 was at least 100-fold more cytotoxic in A549 cells than in normal primary cells tested, demonstrating its high tumor selectivity and a low likelihood of targeting primary tissues. ICVB-1042 administered to mice intravenously or intratumorally was effective in reducing tumor burden. Its intravenous administration also inhibited tumor growth in orthotopic models. ICVB-1042 was well tolerated in mice compared to HAdV-C5 (Wt Ad5), with reduced liver sequestration, supporting safety of the drug for systemic delivery. These preclinical data demonstrating the safety and potency of ICVB-1042 for treatment of various solid tumors support the ongoing clinical investigation (NCT05904236).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kato
- IconOVir Bio, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Onishi R, Ikemoto S, Shiota A, Tsukamoto T, Asayama A, Tachibana M, Sakurai F, Mizuguchi H. Development of a novel adenovirus serotype 35 vector vaccine possessing an RGD peptide in the fiber knob and the E4 orf 4, 6, and 6/7 regions of adenovirus serotype 5. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124480. [PMID: 39038719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) vectors based on human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) have attracted significant attention as vaccine vectors for infectious diseases. However, the effectiveness of Ad5 vectors as vaccines is often inhibited by the anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies retained by many adults. To overcome this drawback, we focused on human adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35) vectors with low seroprevalence in adults. Although Ad35 vectors can circumvent anti-Ad5 neutralizing antibodies, vector yields of Ad35 vectors are often inferior to those of Ad5 vectors. In this study, we developed novel Ad35 vectors containing the Ad5 E4 orf 4, 6, and 6/7 or the Ad5 E4 orf 6 and 6/7 for efficient vector production, and compared their properties. These E4-modified Ad35 vectors efficiently propagated to a similar extent at virus titers comparable to those of Ad5 vectors. An Ad35 vector containing the Ad5 E4 orf 4, 6, and 6/7 mediated more efficient transduction than that containing the Ad5 E4 orf 6 and 6/7 in human cultured cells. Furthermore, insertion of an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptide in the fiber region of an Ad35 vector containing the Ad5 E4 orf 4, 6, and 6/7 significantly improved the transgene product-specific antibody production following intramuscular administration in mice. The Ad35 vector containing the RGD peptide mediated efficient vaccine effects even in the mice pre-immunized with an Ad5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Onishi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sena Ikemoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aoi Shiota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohito Tsukamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Asayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan; The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Mazenq J, Dubus JC, Chanez P, Gras D. Post viral bronchiolitis obliterans in children: A rare and potentially devastating disease. Paediatr Respir Rev 2024:S1526-0542(24)00044-7. [PMID: 39214823 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a rare but severe disease in children. Several respiratory pathogens are incriminated but adenovirus is still the most represented. Risk factors are well described: the male gender, hypoxemia at diagnosis and required mechanical ventilation. No risk factor is linked to the newborn period. The clinical spectrum of PIBO is broad, ranging from asymptomatic patients with fixed airflow obstruction to severe respiratory insufficiency requiring continuous oxygen supplementation. Diagnosis includes a combination of a clinical history, absence of reversible airflow obstructions and ground glass and gas trapping on high resolution computed tomography. PIBO is primarily a neutrophilic pathology of small bronchioles characterized by high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to tissue remodeling and fibrosis of the small airways. The difficulty is to discriminate between the host's normal response, an exaggerated inflammatory response and the potential iatrogenic consequences of the initial infection treatment, particularly prolonged mechanical ventilation. Damage to the respiratory epithelium with a possible link to viral infections are considered as potential mechanisms of PIBO. No specific management exists. Much remains to be done in this field to clarify the underlying mechanisms, identify biomarkers, and develop clear monitoring pathways and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Mazenq
- Service de pneumologie pédiatrique, CHU Timone enfants, Assistante Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN Marseille, France.
| | - Jean-Christophe Dubus
- Service de pneumologie pédiatrique, CHU Timone enfants, Assistante Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN Marseille, France; Clinique des bronches, de l'allergie et du sommeil, CHU Nord, Assistante Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN Marseille, France
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4
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Scarsella L, Ehrke-Schulz E, Paulussen M, Thal SC, Ehrhardt A, Aydin M. Advances of Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors in Preclinical and Clinical Applications. Viruses 2024; 16:377. [PMID: 38543743 PMCID: PMC10974029 DOI: 10.3390/v16030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ad) have the potential to induce severe infections in vulnerable patient groups. Therefore, understanding Ad biology and antiviral processes is important to comprehend the signaling cascades during an infection and to initiate appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In addition, Ad vector-based vaccines have revealed significant potential in generating robust immune protection and recombinant Ad vectors facilitate efficient gene transfer to treat genetic diseases and are used as oncolytic viruses to treat cancer. Continuous improvements in gene delivery capacity, coupled with advancements in production methods, have enabled widespread application in cancer therapy, vaccine development, and gene therapy on a large scale. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the virus biology, and several aspects of recombinant Ad vectors, as well as the development of Ad vector, are discussed. Moreover, we focus on those Ads that were used in preclinical and clinical applications including regenerative medicine, vaccine development, genome engineering, treatment of genetic diseases, and virotherapy in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Scarsella
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.E.-S.); (A.E.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Science (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Eric Ehrke-Schulz
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.E.-S.); (A.E.)
| | - Michael Paulussen
- Chair of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, 45711 Datteln, Germany;
| | - Serge C. Thal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany;
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.E.-S.); (A.E.)
| | - Malik Aydin
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (E.E.-S.); (A.E.)
- Laboratory of Experimental Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Center for Biomedical Education and Science (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
- Chair of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Vestische Kinder- und Jugendklinik Datteln, Witten/Herdecke University, 45711 Datteln, Germany;
- Institute for Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
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5
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Zhang Q, Zhou Z, Fan Y, Liu T, Guo Y, Li X, Liu W, Zhou L, Yang Y, Mo C, Chen Y, Liao X, Zhou R, Ding Z, Tian X. Higher affinities of fibers with cell receptors increase the infection capacity and virulence of human adenovirus type 7 and type 55 compared to type 3. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0109023. [PMID: 38018973 PMCID: PMC10783091 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01090-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE HAdV-3, -7, and -55 are the predominant types causing acute respiratory disease outbreaks and can lead to severe and fatal pneumonia in children and adults. In recent years, emerging or re-emerging strains of HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 have caused multiple outbreaks globally in both civilian and military populations, drawing increased attention. Clinical studies have reported that HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 cause more severe pneumonia than HAdV-3. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms explaining the higher severity of HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 infection compared to HAdV-3 infection. Our findings provided evidence linking the receptor-binding protein fiber to stronger infectivity of the strains mentioned above by comparing several fiber-chimeric or fiber-replaced adenoviruses. Our study improves our understanding of adenovirus infection and highlights potential implications, including in novel vector and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenkuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuncong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Zhang H, Wang H, An Y, Chen Z. Construction and application of adenoviral vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102027. [PMID: 37808925 PMCID: PMC10556817 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors have been widely used as vaccine candidates or potential vaccine candidates against infectious diseases due to the convenience of genome manipulation, their ability to accommodate large exogenous gene fragments, easy access of obtaining high-titer of virus, and high efficiency of transduction. At the same time, adenoviral vectors have also been used extensively in clinical research for cancer gene therapy and treatment of diseases caused by a single gene defect. However, application of adenovirus also faces a series of challenges such as poor targeting, strong immune response against the vector itself, and they cannot be used repeatedly. It is believed that these problems will be solved gradually with further research and technological development in related fields. Here, we review the construction methods of adenoviral vectors, including "gutless" adenovirus and discuss application of adenoviral vectors as prophylactic vaccines for infectious pathogens and their application prospects as therapeutic vaccines for cancer and other kinds of chronic infectious disease such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youcai An
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Mundy RM, Baker AT, Bates EA, Cunliffe TG, Teijeira-Crespo A, Moses E, Rizkallah PJ, Parker AL. Broad sialic acid usage amongst species D human adenovirus. NPJ VIRUSES 2023; 1:1. [PMID: 38665237 PMCID: PMC11041768 DOI: 10.1038/s44298-023-00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) are widespread pathogens causing usually mild infections. The Species D (HAdV-D) cause gastrointestinal tract infections and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). Despite being significant pathogens, knowledge around HAdV-D mechanism of cell infection is lacking. Sialic acid (SA) usage has been proposed as a cell infection mechanism for EKC causing HAdV-D. Here we highlight an important role for SA engagement by many HAdV-D. We provide apo state crystal structures of 7 previously undetermined HAdV-D fiber-knob proteins, and structures of HAdV-D25, D29, D30 and D53 fiber-knob proteins in complex with SA. Biologically, we demonstrate that removal of cell surface SA reduced infectivity of HAdV-C5 vectors pseudotyped with HAdV-D fiber-knob proteins, whilst engagement of the classical HAdV receptor CAR was variable. Our data indicates variable usage of SA and CAR across HAdV-D. Better defining these interactions will enable improved development of antivirals and engineering of the viruses into refined therapeutic vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie M. Mundy
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Alexander T. Baker
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Emily A. Bates
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Tabitha G. Cunliffe
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Alicia Teijeira-Crespo
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Elise Moses
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Pierre J. Rizkallah
- Division of Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
| | - Alan L. Parker
- Division of Cancer & Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
- Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN UK
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8
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Kuang L, Wang C, Chen H, Li Y, Liang Z, Xu T, Guo M, Zhu B. Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to human mastadenovirus serotypes 3 and 7 in healthy children from guangdong province. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16986. [PMID: 37346335 PMCID: PMC10279900 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe adenovirus pneumonia is becoming more common in children infected with human mastadenovirus (HAdV)-3 and HAdV-7 than in those infected with other types of adenoviruses. Recently, there has been a trend toward an increasing prevalence of pneumonia caused by HAdV-7, an important viral pathogen in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit infections. Children infected with HAdV-7 have more serious symptoms of acute respiratory infections and other complications than those infected with HAdV-3. No specific anti-adenovirus drugs or vaccines are available for treatment or prevention. Therefore, we investigated the seroprevalence and titer levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against HAdV-3 and HAdV-7 in healthy children in Guangdong Province. We found that the seropositivity rates and antibody titers for HAdV-3 NAb were higher than those for HAdV-7 NAb. In children between 6 and 12 months of age, the seropositivity rates and titers were significantly low against HAdV-3 and HAdV-7. The HAdV-7-positive rate was significantly higher in the HAdV-3-positive samples than in the HAdV-3-negative samples. The HAdV-7 NAbs carried by the 0-6-month age group were dominated by low titers. These results reveal a low level of herd immunity against HAdV-3 and HAdV-7 in children, clarifying the importance of monitoring these two highly virulent adenoviruses, developing prophylactic vaccines, and predicting potential outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Kuang
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Changbing Wang
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuofu Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Guo
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 510120 Guangzhou, China
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9
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Podgorski II, Harrach B, Benkő M, Papp T. Characterization of monkey adenoviruses with three fiber genes. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 108:105403. [PMID: 36610683 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the occurrence of three fiber genes in monkey adenoviruses had already been described, the relatedness of the "extra" fibers have not yet been discussed. Here we report the genome analysis of two simian adenovirus (SAdV) serotypes from Old World monkeys and the phylogenetic analysis of the multiple fiber genes found in these and related AdVs. One of the newly sequenced serotypes (SAdV-2), isolated from a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), was classified into species Human mastadenovirus G (HAdV-G), while the other serotype (SAdV-17), originating from a grivet (Chlorocebus aethiops), classified to Simian mastadenovirus F (SAdV-F). We identified unique features in the gene content of these SAdVs compared to those typical for other members of the genus Mastadenovirus. Namely, in the E1B region of SAdV-2, the 19K gene was replaced by an ITR repetition and a copy of the E4 ORF1 gene. Among the 37 genes in both SAdVs, three genes of different lengths, predicted to code for the cellular attachment proteins (the fibers), were found. These proteins exhibit high diversity. Yet, phylogenetic calculations of their conserved parts could reveal the probable evolutionary steps leading to the multiple-fibered contemporary HAdV and SAdV species. Seemingly, there existed (a) common ancestor(s) with two fiber genes for the lineages of the AdVs in species SAdV-B, -E, -F and HAdV-F, alongside a double-fibered ancestor for today's SAdV-C and HAdV-G, which later diverged into descendants forming today's species. Additionally, some HAdV-G members picked up a third fiber gene either to the left-hand or to the in-between position from the existing two. A SAdV-F progenitor also obtained a third copy to the middle, as observed in SAdV-17. The existence of three fiber genes in these contemporary AdVs brings novel possibilities for the design of optimised AdV-based vectors with potential multiple target binding abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva I Podgorski
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Harrach
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Mária Benkő
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Papp
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary.
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10
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Hamdan F, Cerullo V. Cancer immunotherapies: A hope for the uncurable? FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023; 3:1140977. [PMID: 39086690 PMCID: PMC11285639 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1140977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of cancer immunotherapies is not novel but has been used over the decades in the clinic. Only recently have we found the true potential of stimulating an anti-tumor response after the breakthrough of checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer immunotherapies have become the first line treatment for many malignancies at various stages. Nevertheless, the clinical results in terms of overall survival and progression free survival were not as anticipated. Majority of cancer patients do not respond to immunotherapies and the reasons differ. Hence, further improvements for cancer immunotherapies are crucially needed. In the review, we will discuss various forms of cancer immunotherapies that are being tested or already in the clinic. Moreover, we also highlight future directions to improve such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Hamdan
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology and CEINGE, Naples University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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11
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Marquez-Martinez S, Vijayan A, Khan S, Zahn R. Cell entry and innate sensing shape adaptive immune responses to adenovirus-based vaccines. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 80:102282. [PMID: 36716578 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonreplicating adenovirus-based vectors have been successfully implemented as prophylactic vaccines against infectious viral diseases and induce protective cellular and humoral responses. Differences in the mechanisms of cellular entry or endosomal escape of these vectors contribute to differences in innate immune sensing between adenovirus species. Innate immune responses to adenovirus-based vaccines, such as interferon signaling, have been reported to affect the development of adaptive responses in preclinical studies, although limited data are available in humans. Understanding the mechanisms of these early events is critical for the development of vaccines that elicit effective and durable adaptive immune responses while maintaining an acceptable reactogenicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Marquez-Martinez
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden South Holland 2333 CN, the Netherlands.
| | - Aneesh Vijayan
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden South Holland 2333 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Selina Khan
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden South Holland 2333 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Archimedesweg 4-6, Leiden South Holland 2333 CN, the Netherlands
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12
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Wang WC, Sayedahmed EE, Mittal SK. Significance of Preexisting Vector Immunity and Activation of Innate Responses for Adenoviral Vector-Based Therapy. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122727. [PMID: 36560730 PMCID: PMC9787786 DOI: 10.3390/v14122727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An adenoviral (AdV)-based vector system is a promising platform for vaccine development and gene therapy applications. Administration of an AdV vector elicits robust innate immunity, leading to the development of humoral and cellular immune responses against the vector and the transgene antigen, if applicable. The use of high doses (1011-1013 virus particles) of an AdV vector, especially for gene therapy applications, could lead to vector toxicity due to excessive levels of innate immune responses, vector interactions with blood factors, or high levels of vector transduction in the liver and spleen. Additionally, the high prevalence of AdV infections in humans or the first inoculation with the AdV vector result in the development of vector-specific immune responses, popularly known as preexisting vector immunity. It significantly reduces the vector efficiency following the use of an AdV vector that is prone to preexisting vector immunity. Several approaches have been developed to overcome this problem. The utilization of rare human AdV types or nonhuman AdVs is the primary strategy to evade preexisting vector immunity. The use of heterologous viral vectors, capsid modification, and vector encapsulation are alternative methods to evade vector immunity. The vectors can be optimized for clinical applications with comprehensive knowledge of AdV vector immunity, toxicity, and circumvention strategies.
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13
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Dienst EGT, Kremer EJ. Adenovirus receptors on antigen-presenting cells of the skin. Biol Cell 2022; 114:297-308. [PMID: 35906865 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Skin, the largest human organ, is part of the first line of physical and immunological defense against many pathogens. Understanding how skin antigen-presenting cells (APCs) respond to viruses or virus-based vaccines is crucial to develop antiviral pharmaceutics, and efficient and safe vaccines. Here, we discuss the way resident and recruited skin APCs engage adenoviruses and the impact on innate immune responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric J Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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14
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Tsoukas RL, Volkwein W, Gao J, Schiwon M, Bahlmann N, Dittmar T, Hagedorn C, Ehrke-Schulz E, Zhang W, Baiker A, Ehrhardt A. A Human In Vitro Model to Study Adenoviral Receptors and Virus Cell Interactions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050841. [PMID: 35269463 PMCID: PMC8909167 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop adenoviral cell- or tissue-specific gene delivery, understanding of the infection mechanisms of adenoviruses is crucial. Several adenoviral attachment proteins such as CD46, CAR and sialic acid have been identified and studied. However, most receptor studies were performed on non-human cells. Combining our reporter gene-tagged adenovirus library with an in vitro human gene knockout model, we performed a systematic analysis of receptor usage comparing different adenoviruses side-by-side. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to knockout CD46 and CAR in the human lung epithelial carcinoma cell line A549. Knockout cells were infected with 22 luciferase-expressing adenoviruses derived from adenovirus species B, C, D and E. HAdV-B16, -B21 and -B50 from species B1 as well as HAdV-B34 and -B35 were found to be CD46-dependent. HAdV-C5 and HAdV-E4 from species E were found to be CAR-dependent. Regarding cell entry of HAdV-B3 and -B14 and all species D viruses, both CAR and CD46 play a role, and here, other receptors or attachment structures may also be important since transductions were reduced but not completely inhibited. The established human knockout cell model enables the identification of the most applicable adenovirus types for gene therapy and to further understand adenovirus infection biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael L. Tsoukas
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (R.L.T.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (E.E.-S.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfram Volkwein
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (W.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Jian Gao
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (R.L.T.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (E.E.-S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Maren Schiwon
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (R.L.T.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (E.E.-S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Nora Bahlmann
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (R.L.T.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (E.E.-S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Thomas Dittmar
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, 58455 Witten, Germany;
| | - Claudia Hagedorn
- Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University (UW/H), 58448 Witten, Germany;
| | - Eric Ehrke-Schulz
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (R.L.T.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (E.E.-S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (R.L.T.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (E.E.-S.); (W.Z.)
| | - Armin Baiker
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; (W.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Virology and Microbiology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany; (R.L.T.); (J.G.); (M.S.); (N.B.); (E.E.-S.); (W.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Wang Z, Zhang X. Adenovirus vector-attributed hepatotoxicity blocks clinical application in gene therapy. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:1045-1052. [PMID: 34548241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads), common self-limiting pathogens in humans and animals, usually cause conjunctivitis, mild upper respiratory tract infection or gastroenteritis in humans and hepatotoxicity syndrome in chickens and dogs, posing great threats to public health and livestock husbandry. Artificially modified Ads, which wipe out virulence-determining genes, are the most frequently used viral vectors in gene therapy, and some Ad vector (AdV)-related medicines and vaccines have been licensed and applied. Inherent liver tropism enables AdVs to specifically deliver drugs/genes to the liver; however, AdVs are closely associated with acute hepatotoxicity in immunocompromised individuals, and the side effects of AdVs, which stimulate a strong inflammatory reaction in the liver and cause acute hepatotoxicity, have largely limited clinical application. Therefore, this review systematically elucidates the intimate relationship between AdVs and hepatotoxicity in terms of virus and host and precisely illustrates the accumulated understanding in this field over the past decades. This review demonstrates the liver tropism of AdVs and molecular mechanism of AdV-induced hepatotoxicity and looks at the studies on AdV-mediated animal hepatotoxicity, which will undoubtedly deepen the understanding of AdV-caused liver injury and be of benefit in the further safe development of AdVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiaozhan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Zhang J, Ma K, Wang X, Jiang Y, Zhao S, Ou J, Lan W, Guan W, Wu X, Zheng H, Yang B, Wan C, Zhao W, Wu J, Zhang Q. Desmoglein 2 (DSG2) Is A Receptor of Human Adenovirus Type 55 Causing Adult Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1400-1410. [PMID: 34224109 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-B55) is a re-emergent acute respiratory disease pathogen that causes adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Previous studies have shown that the receptor of HAdV-B14, which genome is highly similar with HAdV-B55, is human Desmoglein 2 (DSG2). However, whether the receptor of HAdV-B55 is DSG2 is undetermined because there are three amino acid mutations in the fiber gene between HAdV-B14 and HAdV-B55. Here, firstly we found the 3T3 cells, a mouse embryo fibroblast rodent cell line which does not express human DSG2, were able to be infected by HAdV-B55 after transfected with pcDNA3.1-DSG2, while normal 3T3 cells were still unsusceptible to HAdV-B55 infection. Next, A549 cells with hDSG2 knock-down by siRNA were hard to be infected by HAdV-B3/-B14/-B55, while the control siRNA group was still able to be infected by all these types of HAdVs. Finally, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy indicated visually that Cy3-conjugated HAdV-B55 viruses entered A549 cells by binding to DSG2 protein. Therefore, DSG2 is a major receptor of HAdV-B55 causing adult CAP. Our finding is important for better understanding of interactions between adenoviruses and host cells and may shed light on the development of new drugs that can interfere with these processes as well as for the development of potent prophylactic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kui Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yinbo Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junxian Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wendong Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenyi Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Heping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Chengsong Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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17
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Heparan Sulfate Is a Cellular Receptor for Enteric Human Adenoviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020298. [PMID: 33672966 PMCID: PMC7918131 DOI: 10.3390/v13020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV)-F40 and -F41 are leading causes of diarrhea and diarrhea-associated mortality in children under the age of five, but the mechanisms by which they infect host cells are poorly understood. HAdVs initiate infection through interactions between the knob domain of the fiber capsid protein and host cell receptors. Unlike most other HAdVs, HAdV-F40 and -F41 possess two different fiber proteins-a long fiber and a short fiber. Whereas the long fiber binds to the Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR), no binding partners have been identified for the short fiber. In this study, we identified heparan sulfate (HS) as an interaction partner for the short fiber of enteric HAdVs. We demonstrate that exposure to acidic pH, which mimics the environment of the stomach, inactivates the interaction of enteric adenovirus with CAR. However, the short fiber:HS interaction is resistant to and even enhanced by acidic pH, which allows attachment to host cells. Our results suggest a switch in receptor usage of enteric HAdVs after exposure to acidic pH and add to the understanding of the function of the short fibers. These results may also be useful for antiviral drug development and the utilization of enteric HAdVs for clinical applications such as vaccine development.
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18
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Adenovirus and the Cornea: More Than Meets the Eye. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020293. [PMID: 33668417 PMCID: PMC7917768 DOI: 10.3390/v13020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adenoviruses cause disease at multiple mucosal sites, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, and are common agents of conjunctivitis. One site of infection that has received sparse attention is the cornea, a transparent tissue and the window of the eye. While most adenovirus infections are self-limited, corneal inflammation (keratitis) due to adenovirus can persist or recur for months to years after infection, leading to reduced vision, discomfort, and light sensitivity. Topical corticosteroids effectively suppress late adenovirus keratitis but are associated with vision-threatening side effects. In this short review, we summarize current knowledge on infection of the cornea by adenoviruses, including corneal epithelial cell receptors and determinants of corneal tropism. We briefly discuss mechanisms of stromal keratitis due to adenovirus infection, and review an emerging therapy to mitigate adenovirus corneal infections based on evolving knowledge of corneal epithelial receptor usage.
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19
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Ono R, Takayama K, Sakurai F, Mizuguchi H. Efficient antitumor effects of a novel oncolytic adenovirus fully composed of species B adenovirus serotype 35. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 20:399-409. [PMID: 33614920 PMCID: PMC7878985 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) are among the most promising oncolytic viruses. Almost all oncolytic adenoviruses are composed of human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) (OAd5). However, expression of the primary infection receptor for Ad5, coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR), often declines on malignant tumor cells, resulting in inefficient infection in CAR-negative tumor cells. In addition, at least 80% of adults have neutralizing antibodies against Ad5. In this study, we developed a novel OAd fully composed of OAd35. OAd35 recognizes CD46, which is ubiquitously expressed on almost all human cells and is often upregulated on malignant tumor cells, as an infection receptor. Moreover, 20% or fewer adults have neutralizing antibodies against Ad35. OAd35 mediated efficient cell lysis activities at levels similar to OAd5 in CAR-positive tumor cells, while OAd35 showed higher levels of cell lysis activities than OAd5 in CAR-negative tumor cells. Anti-Ad5 serum significantly inhibited in vitro tumor cell lysis activities of OAd5, whereas OAd35 exhibited comparable levels of in vitro tumor cell lysis activities in the presence of anti-Ad5 and naive serum. OAd35 significantly suppressed growth of the subcutaneous CAR-positive and CAR-negative tumors following intratumoral administration. These results indicated that OAd35 is a promising alternative oncolytic virus for OAd5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Ono
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Cunliffe TG, Bates EA, Parker AL. Hitting the Target but Missing the Point: Recent Progress towards Adenovirus-Based Precision Virotherapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3327. [PMID: 33187160 PMCID: PMC7696810 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
More people are surviving longer with cancer. Whilst this can be partially attributed to advances in early detection of cancers, there is little doubt that the improvement in survival statistics is also due to the expansion in the spectrum of treatments available for efficacious treatment. Transformative amongst those are immunotherapies, which have proven effective agents for treating immunogenic forms of cancer, although immunologically "cold" tumour types remain refractive. Oncolytic viruses, such as those based on adenovirus, have great potential as anti-cancer agents and have seen a resurgence of interest in recent years. Amongst their many advantages is their ability to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of infected tumour cells, thus providing the alluring potential to synergise with immunotherapies by turning immunologically "cold" tumours "hot". Additionally, enhanced immune mediated cell killing can be promoted through the local overexpression of immunological transgenes, encoded from within the engineered viral genome. To achieve this full potential requires the development of refined, tumour selective "precision virotherapies" that are extensively engineered to prevent off-target up take via native routes of infection and targeted to infect and replicate uniquely within malignantly transformed cells. Here, we review the latest advances towards this holy grail within the adenoviral field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alan L. Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; (T.G.C.); (E.A.B.)
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21
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Human Desmoglein-2 and Human CD46 Mediate Human Adenovirus Type 55 Infection, but Human Desmoglein-2 Plays the Major Roles. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00747-20. [PMID: 32581096 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00747-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV55) represents an emerging respiratory pathogen and causes severe pneumonia with high fatality in humans. The cellular receptors, which are essential for understanding the infection and pathogenesis of HAdV55, remain unclear. In this study, we found that HAdV55 binding and infection were sharply reduced by disrupting the interaction of viral fiber protein with human desmoglein-2 (hDSG2) but only slightly reduced by disrupting the interaction of viral fiber protein with human CD46 (hCD46). Loss-of-function studies using soluble receptors, blocking antibodies, RNA interference, and gene knockout demonstrated that hDSG2 predominantly mediated HAdV55 infection. Nonpermissive rodent cells became susceptible to HAdV55 infection when hDSG2 or hCD46 was expressed, but hDSG2 mediated more efficient HAd55 infection than hCD46. We generated two transgenic mouse lines that constitutively express either hDSG2 or hCD46. Although nontransgenic mice were resistant to HAdV55 infection, infection with HAdV55 was significantly increased in hDSG2+/+ mice but was much less increased in hCD46+/+ mice. Our findings demonstrate that both hDSG2 and hCD46 are able to mediate HAdV55 infection but hDSG2 plays the major roles. The hDSG2 transgenic mouse can be used as a rodent model for evaluation of HAdV55 vaccine and therapeutics.IMPORTANCE Human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV55) has recently emerged as a highly virulent respiratory pathogen and has been linked to severe and even fatal pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. However, the cellular receptors mediating the entry of HAdV55 into host cells remain unclear, which hinders the establishment of HAdV55-infected animal models and the development of antiviral approaches. In this study, we demonstrated that human desmoglein-2 (hDSG2) plays the major roles during HAdV55 infection. Human CD46 (hCD46) could also mediate the infection of HAdV55, but the efficiency was much lower than for hDSG2. We generated two transgenic mouse lines that express either hDSG2 or hCD46, both of which enabled HAd55 infection in otherwise nontransgenic mice. hDSG2 transgenic mice enabled more efficient HAdV55 infection than hCD46 transgenic mice. Our study adds to our understanding of HAdV55 infection and provides an animal model for evaluating HAdV55 vaccines and therapeutics.
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22
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Lactoferrin-Hexon Interactions Mediate CAR-Independent Adenovirus Infection of Human Respiratory Cells. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00542-20. [PMID: 32376620 PMCID: PMC7343212 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00542-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses enter target cells using cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Paradoxically, these molecules are abundant on the lateral and basolateral side of intact, polarized, epithelial target cells, but absent on the apical side that must be penetrated by incoming viruses to initiate infection. Our study provides a model whereby viruses use different mechanisms to infect polarized epithelial cells depending on which side of the cell—apical or lateral/basolateral—is attacked. This study may also be useful to understand the biology of other viruses that use cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Virus entry into host cells is a complex process that is largely regulated by access to specific cellular receptors. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) and many other viruses use cell adhesion molecules such as the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) for attachment to and entry into target cells. These molecules are rarely expressed on the apical side of polarized epithelial cells, which raises the question of how adenoviruses—and other viruses that engage cell adhesion molecules—enter polarized cells from the apical side to initiate infection. We have previously shown that species C HAdVs utilize lactoferrin—a common innate immune component secreted to respiratory mucosa—for infection via unknown mechanisms. Using a series of biochemical, cellular, and molecular biology approaches, we mapped this effect to the proteolytically cleavable, positively charged, N-terminal 49 residues of human lactoferrin (hLF) known as human lactoferricin (hLfcin). Lactoferricin (Lfcin) binds to the hexon protein on the viral capsid and anchors the virus to an unknown receptor structure of target cells, resulting in infection. These findings suggest that HAdVs use distinct cell entry mechanisms at different stages of infection. To initiate infection, entry is likely to occur at the apical side of polarized epithelial cells, largely by means of hLF and hLfcin bridging HAdV capsids via hexons to as-yet-unknown receptors; when infection is established, progeny virions released from the basolateral side enter neighboring cells by means of hLF/hLfcin and CAR in parallel. IMPORTANCE Many viruses enter target cells using cell adhesion molecules as receptors. Paradoxically, these molecules are abundant on the lateral and basolateral side of intact, polarized, epithelial target cells, but absent on the apical side that must be penetrated by incoming viruses to initiate infection. Our study provides a model whereby viruses use different mechanisms to infect polarized epithelial cells depending on which side of the cell—apical or lateral/basolateral—is attacked. This study may also be useful to understand the biology of other viruses that use cell adhesion molecules as receptors.
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23
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Expanding the Spectrum of Adenoviral Vectors for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051139. [PMID: 32370135 PMCID: PMC7281331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors (AdVs) have attracted much attention in the fields of vaccine development and treatment for diseases such as genetic disorders and cancer. In this review, we discuss the utility of AdVs in cancer therapies. In recent years, AdVs were modified as oncolytic AdVs (OAs) that possess the characteristics of cancer cell-specific replication and killing. Different carriers such as diverse cells and extracellular vesicles are being explored for delivering OAs into cancer sites after systemic administration. In addition, there are also various strategies to improve cancer-specific replication of OAs, mainly through modifying the early region 1 (E1) of the virus genome. It has been documented that oncolytic viruses (OVs) function through stimulating the immune system, resulting in the inhibition of cancer progression and, in combination with classical immune modulators, the anti-cancer effect of OAs can be even further enforced. To enhance the cancer treatment efficacy, OAs are also combined with other standard treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) has mainly been explored to develop vectors for cancer treatment with different modulations. Only a limited number of the more than 100 identified AdV types were converted into OAs and, therefore, the construction of an adenovirus library for the screening of potential novel OA candidates is essential. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of currently performed and completed clinic trials with OAs and an adenovirus library, providing novel possibilities for developing innovative adenoviral vectors for cancer treatment.
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Abstract
Viruses are obligatory parasites that take advantage of intracellular niches to replicate. During infection, their genomes are carried in capsids across the membranes of host cells to sites of virion production by exploiting cellular behaviour and resources to guide and achieve all aspects of delivery and the downstream virus manufacturing process. Successful entry hinges on execution of a precisely tuned viral uncoating program where incoming capsids disassemble in consecutive steps to ensure that genomes are released at the right time, and in the right place for replication to occur. Each step of disassembly is cell-assisted, involving individual pathways that transmit signals to regulate discrete functions, but at the same time, these signalling pathways are organized into larger networks, which communicate back and forth in complex ways in response to the presence of virus. In this review, we consider the elegant strategy by which adenoviruses (AdVs) target and navigate cellular networks to initiate the production of progeny virions. There are many remarkable aspects about the AdV entry program; for example, the virus gains targeted control of a large well-defined local network neighbourhood by coupling several interacting processes (including endocytosis, autophagy and microtubule trafficking) around a collective reference state centred on the interactional topology and multifunctional nature of protein VI. Understanding the network targeting activity of protein VI, as well as other built-in mechanisms that allow AdV particles to be efficient at navigating the subsystems of the cell, can be used to improve viral vectors, but also has potential to be incorporated for use in entirely novel delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Flatt
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and HiLIFE-Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , 00790 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sarah J Butcher
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and HiLIFE-Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , 00790 Helsinki , Finland
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25
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Maloney BE, Perera KD, Saunders DRD, Shadipeni N, Fleming SD. Interactions of viruses and the humoral innate immune response. Clin Immunol 2020; 212:108351. [PMID: 32028020 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune response is crucial for defense against virus infections where the complement system, coagulation cascade and natural antibodies play key roles. These immune components are interconnected in an intricate network and are tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis and avoid uncontrolled immune responses. Many viruses in turn have evolved to modulate these interactions through various strategies to evade innate immune activation. This review summarizes the current understanding on viral strategies to inhibit the activation of complement and coagulation cascades, evade natural antibody-mediated clearance and utilize complement regulatory mechanisms to their advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey E Maloney
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Krishani Dinali Perera
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Danielle R D Saunders
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Naemi Shadipeni
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Sherry D Fleming
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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Gao J, Mese K, Bunz O, Ehrhardt A. State‐of‐the‐art human adenovirus vectorology for therapeutic approaches. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3609-3622. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Kemal Mese
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Oskar Bunz
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Faculty of Health Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF) School of Human Medicine Institute of Virology and Microbiology Witten/Herdecke University Germany
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27
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Human adenovirus binding to host cell receptors: a structural view. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 209:325-333. [PMID: 31784892 PMCID: PMC7248032 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human Adenoviruses (HAdVs) are a family of clinically and therapeutically relevant viruses. A precise understanding of their host cell attachment and entry mechanisms can be applied in inhibitor design and the construction of targeted gene delivery vectors. In this article, structural data on adenovirus attachment and entry are reviewed. HAdVs engage two types of receptors: first, an attachment receptor that is bound by the fibre knob protein protruding from the icosahedral capsid, and next, an integrin entry receptor bound by the pentameric penton base at the capsid vertices. Adenoviruses use remarkably diverse attachment receptors, five of which have been studied structurally in the context of HAdV binding: Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor, CD46, the glycans GD1a and polysialic acid, and desmoglein-2. Together with the integrin entry receptors, they display both symmetrical and asymmetrical modes of binding to the virus as demonstrated by the structural analyses reviewed here. The diversity of HAdV receptors contributes to the broad tropism of these viruses, and structural studies are thus an important source of information on HAdV-host cell interactions. The imbalance in structural data between the more and less extensively studied receptors remains to be addressed by future research.
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Sun Y, Lv X, Ding P, Wang L, Sun Y, Li S, Zhang H, Gao Z. Exploring the functions of polymers in adenovirus-mediated gene delivery: Evading immune response and redirecting tropism. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:93-104. [PMID: 31386928 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) is a promising viral carrier in gene therapy because of its unique attribution. However, clinical applications of Ad vectors are currently restricted by their immunogenicity and broad native tropism. To address these obstacles, a variety of nonimmunogenic polymers are utilized to modify Ad vectors chemically or physically. In this review, we systemically discuss the functions of polymers in Ad-mediated gene delivery from two aspects: evading the host immune responses to Ads and redirecting Ad tropism. With polyethylene glycol (PEG) first in order, a variety of polymers have been developed to shield the surface of Ad vectors and well accomplished to evade the host immune response, block CAR-dependant cellular uptake, and reduce accumulation in the liver. In addition, shielding Ad vectors with targeted polymers (including targeting ligand-conjugated polymers and bio-responsive polymers) can also efficiently retarget Ad vectors to tumor tissues and reduce their distribution in nontargeted tissues. With its potential to evade the immune response and retarget Ad vectors, modification with polymers has been generally regarded as a promising strategy to facilitate the clinical applications of Ad vectors for virotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: There is no doubt that Adenovirus (Ads) are attractive vectors for gene therapy, with high sophistication and effectiveness in overcoming both extra- and intracellular barriers, which cannot be exceeded by any other nonviral gene vectors. Unfortunately, their clinical applications are still restricted by some critical hurdles, including immunogenicity and native broad tropism. Therefore, a variety of elegant strategies have been developed from various angles to address these hurdles. Among these various strategies, coating Ads with nonimmunogenic polymers has attracted much attention. In this review, we systemically discuss the functions of polymers in Ad-mediated gene delivery from two aspects: evading the host immune responses to Ads and redirecting Ad tropism. In addition, the key factors in Ad modification with polymers have been highlighted and summarized to provide guiding theory for the design of more effective and safer polymer-Ad hybrid gene vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base - Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drugs, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xiaoqian Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Pingtian Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base - Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drugs, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
| | - Yongjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base - Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drugs, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base - Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drugs, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Zibin Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base - Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Drugs, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China; Hebei Research Center of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
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Li N, Cooney AL, Zhang W, Ehrhardt A, Sinn PL. Enhanced Tropism of Species B1 Adenoviral-Based Vectors for Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 14:228-236. [PMID: 31417941 PMCID: PMC6690641 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses are efficient vehicles for transducing airway epithelial cells. Human adenoviruses (Ads) are classified into seven species termed A–G. Most species use the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) as a primary cellular receptor. Ad group B is notable because it is further divided into groups B1 and B2 and its members use CD46 or desmoglein 2 (DSG2) as cellular receptors. To date, human Ad types 2 and 5 have been the predominant choices for preclinical and clinical trials using Ad-based viral vectors in the airways. In this study, we screened 14 Ad types representing species C, B1, B2, D, and E. Using well-differentiated primary cultures of human airway epithelial cells (HAEs), we examined transduction efficiency. Based on GFP or nanoluciferase expression, multiple Ad types transduced HAEs as well as or better than Ad5. Ad3, Ad21, and Ad14 belong to species B and had notable transduction properties. We further examined the transduction properties of conditionally reprogrammed airway basal cells and primary basal cells from human lung donors. Again, the transduction efficiency of species B members outperformed the other types. These data suggest that adenoviral vectors based on species B transduce fully differentiated epithelial cells and progenitor cells in the human airways better than Ad5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ashley L Cooney
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Anja Ehrhardt
- Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Department of Human Medicine, Faculty of Health, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Patrick L Sinn
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Decoy Receptor Interactions as Novel Drug Targets against EKC-Causing Human Adenovirus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030242. [PMID: 30870979 PMCID: PMC6466251 DOI: 10.3390/v11030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a severe ocular disease and can lead to visual impairment. Human adenovirus type-37 (HAdV-D37) is one of the major causative agents of EKC and uses sialic acid (SA)-containing glycans as cellular receptors. Currently, there are no approved antivirals available for the treatment of EKC. Recently, we have reported that sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) bind to HAdV-D37 via the fiber knob (FK) domain of the viral fiber protein and function as decoy receptors. Based on this finding, we speculated that GAG-mimetics may act as artificial decoy receptors and inhibit HAdV-D37 infection. Repurposing of approved drugs to identify new antivirals has drawn great attention in recent years. Here, we report the antiviral effect of suramin, a WHO-approved drug and a widely known GAG-mimetic, against HAdV-D37. Commercially available suramin analogs also show antiviral effects against HAdV-D37. We demonstrate that suramin exerts its antiviral activity by inhibiting the attachment of HAdV-D37 to cells. We also reveal that the antiviral effect of suramin is HAdV species-specific. Collectively, in this proof of concept study, we demonstrate for the first time that virus binding to a decoy receptor constitutes a novel and an unexplored target for antiviral drug development.
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31
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CryoEM structure of adenovirus type 3 fibre with desmoglein 2 shows an unusual mode of receptor engagement. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1181. [PMID: 30862836 PMCID: PMC6414520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09220-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment of human adenovirus (HAd) to the host cell is a critical step of infection. Initial attachment occurs via the adenoviral fibre knob protein and a cellular receptor. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of a <100 kDa non-symmetrical complex comprising the trimeric HAd type 3 fibre knob (HAd3K) and human desmoglein 2 (DSG2). The structure reveals a unique stoichiometry of 1:1 and 2:1 (DSG2: knob trimer) not previously observed for other HAd-receptor complexes. We demonstrate that mutating Asp261 in the fibre knob is sufficient to totally abolish receptor binding. These data shed new light on adenovirus infection strategies and provide insights for adenoviral vector development and structure-based design.
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Rodents Versus Pig Model for Assessing the Performance of Serotype Chimeric Ad5/3 Oncolytic Adenoviruses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020198. [PMID: 30744019 PMCID: PMC6406826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ad) are promising tools for cancer therapeutics. Most Ad-based therapies utilize species C serotypes, with Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) most commonly employed. Prior clinical trials demonstrated low efficiency of oncolytic Ad5 vectors, mainly due to the absence of Ad5 primary receptor (Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor, CAR) on cancer cells. Engineering serotype chimeric vectors (Ad5/3) to utilize Adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) receptors has greatly improved their oncolytic potential. Clinical translation of these infectivity-enhanced vectors has been challenging due to a lack of replication permissive animal models. In this study, we explored pigs as a model to study the performance of fiber-modified Ad5/3 chimeric vectors. As a control, the Ad5 fiber-unmodified virus was used. We analyzed binding, gene transfer, replication, and cytolytic ability of Ad5 and Ad5/3 in various non-human cell lines (murine, hamster, canine, porcine). Among all tested cell lines only porcine cells supported active binding and replication of Ad5/3. Syrian hamster cells supported Ad5 replication but showed no evidence of productive viral replication after infection with Ad5/3 vectors. Transduction and replication ability of Ad5/3 in porcine cells outperformed Ad5, a phenomenon often observed in human cancer cell lines. Replication of Ad5 and Ad5/3 was subsequently evaluated in vivo in immunocompetent pigs. Quantitative PCR analyses 7 days post infection revealed Ad5 and Ad5/3 DNA and replication-dependent luciferase activity in the swine lungs and spleen indicating active replication in these tissues. These studies demonstrated the flaws in using Syrian hamsters for testing serotype chimeric Ad5/3 vectors. This is the first report to validate the pig as a valuable model for preclinical testing of oncolytic adenoviruses utilizing Adenovirus type 3 receptors. We hope that these data will help to foster the clinical translation of oncolytic adenoviruses including those with Ad3 retargeted tropism.
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Characterization of a novel species of adenovirus from Japanese microbat and role of CXADR as its entry factor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:573. [PMID: 30679679 PMCID: PMC6345744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, bat adenoviruses (BtAdVs) of genus Mastadenovirus have been isolated from various bat species, some of them displaying a wide host range in cell culture. In this study, we isolated two BtAdVs from Japanese wild microbats. While one isolate was classified as Bat mastadenovirus A, the other was phylogenetically independent of other BtAdVs. It was rather related to, but serologically different from, canine adenoviruses. We propose that the latter, isolated from Asian parti-colored bat, should be assigned to a novel species of Bat mastadenovirus. Both isolates replicated in various mammalian cell lines, implying their wide cell tropism. To gain insight into cell tropism of these BtAdVs, we investigated the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR) for virus entry to the cells. We prepared CXADR-knockout canine kidney cells and found that replication of BtAdVs was significantly hampered in these cells. For confirmation, their replication in canine CXADR-addback cells was rescued to the levels with the original cells. We also found that viral replication was corrected in human or bat CXADR-transduced cells to similar levels as in canine CXADR-addback cells. These results suggest that BtAdVs were able to use several mammalian-derived CXADRs as entry factors.
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Abstract
Sialic acid-based glycoconjugates cover the surfaces of many different cell types, defining key properties of the cell surface such as overall charge or likely interaction partners. Because of this prominence, sialic acids play prominent roles in mediating attachment and entry to viruses belonging to many different families. In this review, we first describe how interactions between viruses and sialic acid-based glycan structures can be identified and characterized using a range of techniques. We then highlight interactions between sialic acids and virus capsid proteins in four different viruses, and discuss what these interactions have taught us about sialic acid engagement and opportunities to interfere with binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bärbel S Blaum
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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Rajan A, Persson BD, Frängsmyr L, Olofsson A, Sandblad L, Heino J, Takada Y, Mould AP, Schnapp LM, Gall J, Arnberg N. Enteric Species F Human Adenoviruses use Laminin-Binding Integrins as Co-Receptors for Infection of Ht-29 Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10019. [PMID: 29968781 PMCID: PMC6030200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The enteric species F human adenovirus types 40 and 41 (HAdV-40 and -41) are the third most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis in the world. Knowledge about HAdV-40 and -41 cellular infection is assumed to be fundamentally different from that of other HAdVs since HAdV-40 and -41 penton bases lack the αV-integrin-interacting RGD motif. This motif is used by other HAdVs mainly for internalization and endosomal escape. We hypothesised that the penton bases of HAdV-40 and -41 interact with integrins independently of the RGD motif. HAdV-41 transduction of a library of rodent cells expressing specific human integrin subunits pointed to the use of laminin-binding α2-, α3- and α6-containing integrins as well as other integrins as candidate co-receptors. Specific laminins prevented internalisation and infection, and recombinant, soluble HAdV-41 penton base proteins prevented infection of human intestinal HT-29 cells. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated that HAdV-40 and -41 penton base proteins bind to α6-containing integrins with an affinity similar to that of previously characterised penton base:integrin interactions. With these results, we propose that laminin-binding integrins are co-receptors for HAdV-40 and -41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Rajan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Virology, and, the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B David Persson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Virology, and, the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Frängsmyr
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Virology, and, the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Sandblad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jyrki Heino
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- Department of Dermatology, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - A Paul Mould
- Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn M Schnapp
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Jason Gall
- Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology/Virology, and, the Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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36
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Hu K, Fu M, Guan X, Zhang D, Deng X, Xiao Y, Chen R, Liu H, Hu Q. Penton base induces better protective immune responses than fiber and hexon as a subunit vaccine candidate against adenoviruses. Vaccine 2018; 36:4287-4297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lasswitz L, Chandra N, Arnberg N, Gerold G. Glycomics and Proteomics Approaches to Investigate Early Adenovirus-Host Cell Interactions. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:1863-1882. [PMID: 29746851 PMCID: PMC7094377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses as most viruses rely on glycan and protein interactions to attach to and enter susceptible host cells. The Adenoviridae family comprises more than 80 human types and they differ in their attachment factor and receptor usage, which likely contributes to the diverse tropism of the different types. In the past years, methods to systematically identify glycan and protein interactions have advanced. In particular sensitivity, speed and coverage of mass spectrometric analyses allow for high-throughput identification of glycans and peptides separated by liquid chromatography. Also, developments in glycan microarray technologies have led to targeted, high-throughput screening and identification of glycan-based receptors. The mapping of cell surface interactions of the diverse adenovirus types has implications for cell, tissue, and species tropism as well as drug development. Here we review known adenovirus interactions with glycan- and protein-based receptors, as well as glycomics and proteomics strategies to identify yet elusive virus receptors and attachment factors. We finally discuss challenges, bottlenecks, and future research directions in the field of non-enveloped virus entry into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lasswitz
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Naresh Chandra
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden; Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden; Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden.
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden.
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Li P, Feng F, Pan E, Fan X, Yang Q, Guan M, Chen L, Sun C. Scavenger receptor-mediated Ad5 entry and acLDL accumulation in monocytes/macrophages synergistically trigger innate responses against viral infection. Virology 2018; 519:86-98. [PMID: 29680370 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is a common cause of respiratory tract infection, and populations worldwide have high prevalence of anti-Ad5 antibodies, implying extensively prior infection. Ad5 infection potently activates the host innate defense and inflammation, but the molecular mechanisms are not completely clarified. We report here that monocytes from Ad5-seropositive subjects upregulates the expression of scavenger receptor A (SR-A), and the increased SR-A promote the susceptibility of Ad5 entry and subsequent innate signaling activation. SR-A is also known as major receptor for lipid uptake, we therefore observed that monocytes from Ad5-seropositive subjects accumulated the acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL) and had the elevated cellular stress to induce the activation of monocyte/macrophages. These findings demonstrate that SR-A-mediated Ad5 entry, innate signaling activation and acLDL accumulation synergistically trigger the robust antiviral innate and inflammatory responses, which are helpful to our understanding of the pathogenesis of adenovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enxiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Guan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
We present here that adenovirus type 52 (HAdV-52) attaches to target cells through a mechanism not previously observed in other human pathogenic viruses. The interaction involves unusual, transient, electrostatic interactions between the short fiber capsid protein and polysialic acid (polySia)-containing receptors on target cells. Knowledge about the binding interactions between polySia and its natural ligands is relatively limited, and our results therefore provide additional insight not only into adenovirus biology but also into the structural basis of polySia function. Since polySia can be found in high expression levels in brain and lung cancers where its presence is associated with poor prognosis, we suggest that this polySia-binding adenovirus could be useful for design of vectors for gene therapy of these cancers. Human adenovirus 52 (HAdV-52) is one of only three known HAdVs equipped with both a long and a short fiber protein. While the long fiber binds to the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor, the function of the short fiber in the virus life cycle is poorly understood. Here, we show, by glycan microarray analysis and cellular studies, that the short fiber knob (SFK) of HAdV-52 recognizes long chains of α-2,8-linked polysialic acid (polySia), a large posttranslational modification of selected carrier proteins, and that HAdV-52 can use polySia as a receptor on target cells. X-ray crystallography, NMR, molecular dynamics simulation, and structure-guided mutagenesis of the SFK reveal that the nonreducing, terminal sialic acid of polySia engages the protein with direct contacts, and that specificity for polySia is achieved through subtle, transient electrostatic interactions with additional sialic acid residues. In this study, we present a previously unrecognized role for polySia as a cellular receptor for a human viral pathogen. Our detailed analysis of the determinants of specificity for this interaction has general implications for protein–carbohydrate interactions, particularly concerning highly charged glycan structures, and provides interesting dimensions on the biology and evolution of members of Human mastadenovirus G.
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Sobhy H. A comparative review of viral entry and attachment during large and giant dsDNA virus infections. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3567-3585. [PMID: 28866775 PMCID: PMC5671522 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3497-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viruses enter host cells via several mechanisms, including endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis. They can also fuse at the plasma membrane and can spread within the host via cell-to-cell fusion or syncytia. The mechanism used by a given viral strain depends on its external topology and proteome and the type of cell being entered. This comparative review discusses the cellular attachment receptors and entry pathways of dsDNA viruses belonging to the families Adenoviridae, Baculoviridae, Herpesviridae and nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) belonging to the families Ascoviridae, Asfarviridae, Iridoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, and Poxviridae, and giant viruses belonging to the families Mimiviridae and Marseilleviridae as well as the proposed families Pandoraviridae and Pithoviridae. Although these viruses have several common features (e.g., topology, replication and protein sequence similarities) they utilize different entry pathways to infect wide-range of hosts, including humans, other mammals, invertebrates, fish, protozoa and algae. Similarities and differences between the entry methods used by these virus families are highlighted, with particular emphasis on viral topology and proteins that mediate viral attachment and entry. Cell types that are frequently used to study viral entry are also reviewed, along with other factors that affect virus-host cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Sobhy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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A teleost CD46 is involved in the regulation of complement activation and pathogen infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15028. [PMID: 29101395 PMCID: PMC5670209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15124-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, CD46 is involved in the inactivation of complement by factor I (FI). In teleost, study on the function of CD46 is very limited. In this study, we examined the immunological property of a CD46 molecule (CsCD46) from tongue sole, a teleost species with important economic value. We found that recombinant CsCD46 (rCsCD46) interacted with FI and inhibited complement activation in an FI-dependent manner. rCsCD46 also interacted with bacterial pathogens via a different mechanism to that responsible for the FI interaction, involving different rCsCD46 sites. Cellular study showed that CsCD46 was expressed on peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and protected the cells against the killing effect of complement. When the CsCD46 on PBL was blocked by antibody before incubation of the cells with bacterial pathogens, cellular infection was significantly reduced. Consistently, when tongue sole were infected with bacterial pathogens in the presence of rCsCD46, tissue dissemination and survival of the pathogens were significantly inhibited. These results provide the first evidence to indicate that CD46 in teleosts negatively regulates complement activation via FI and protects host cells from complement-induced damage, and that CD46 is required for optimal bacterial infection probably by serving as a receptor for the bacteria.
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Mizuno M, Suzuki Y, Ito Y. Complement regulation and kidney diseases: recent knowledge of the double-edged roles of complement activation in nephrology. Clin Exp Nephrol 2017; 22:3-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-017-1405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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43
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Electrostatic Interactions between Complement Regulator CD46(SCR1-2) and Adenovirus Ad11/Ad21 Fiber Protein Knob. Mol Biol Int 2015; 2015:967465. [PMID: 26357573 PMCID: PMC4556874 DOI: 10.1155/2015/967465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses bind to a variety of human cells to cause infection. Both the B2 adenovirus 11 and B1 adenovirus 21 use protein knobs to bind to complement regulator CD46(SCR1-2) in order to gain entry into host cells. In each complex, the two proteins are highly negatively charged but bind to each other at an interface with oppositely charged surface patches. We computationally generated single-alanine mutants of charged residues in the complexes CD46(SCR1-2)-Ad11k and CD46(SCR1-2)-Ad21k. We used electrostatic clustering and Poisson-Boltzmann free energy calculations to propose a hypothesis on the role of electrostatics in association. Our results delineate specific interfacial electrostatic interactions that are critical for association in both CD46(SCR1-2)-Ad11k and CD46(SCR1-2)-Ad21k. These results will serve as a predictive tool in the selection of mutants with desired binding affinity in experimental mutagenesis studies. This study will also serve as a foundation for the design of inhibitors to treat adenovirus infections.
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Zhang B, Yan Y, Jin J, Lin H, Li Z, Zhang X, Liu J, Xi C, Lieber A, Fan X, Ran L. Two types of functionally distinct fiber containing structural protein complexes are produced during infection of adenovirus serotype 5. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117976. [PMID: 25723153 PMCID: PMC4344211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses are common pathogens. The localization of their receptors coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor, and desmoglein-2 in cell-cell junction complexes between polarized epithelial cells represents a major challenge for adenovirus infection from the apical surface. Structural proteins including hexon, penton base and fiber are excessively produced in serotype 5 adenovirus (Ad5)-infected cells. We have characterized the composition of structural protein complexes released from Ad5 infected cells and their capacity in remodeling cell-cell junction complexes. Using T84 cells as a model for polarized epithelium, we have studied the effect of Ad5 structural protein complexes in remodeling cell-cell junctions in polarized epithelium. The initial Ad5 infection in T84 cell culture was inefficient. However, progressive distortion of cell-cell junction in association with fiber release was evident during progression of Ad5 infection. Incubation of T84 cell cultures with virion-free supernatant from Ad5 infected culture resulted in distortion of cell-cell junctions and decreased infectivity of Ad5-GFP vector. We used gel filtration chromatography to fractionate fiber containing virion–free supernatant from Ad5 infected culture supernatant. Fiber containing fractions were further characterized for their capacity to inhibit the infection of Ad5-GFP vector, their composition in adenovirus structural proteins using western blot and LC-MS/MS and their capacity in remolding cell-cell junctions. Fiber molecules in complexes containing penton base and hexon, or mainly hexon were identified. Only the fiber complexes with relatively high content of penton base, but not the fiber-hexon complexes with low penton base, were able to penetrate into T84 cells and cause distortion of cell-cell junctions. Our findings suggest that these two types of fiber complexes may play different roles in adenoviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhua Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Andre Lieber
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (LR)
| | - Liang Ran
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resources and Molecular Development, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (XF); (LR)
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45
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Herod MR, Pineda RG, Mautner V, Onion D. Quantum dot labelling of adenovirus allows highly sensitive single cell flow and imaging cytometry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:797-803. [PMID: 25285963 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201401885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A quantum dot method for highly efficient labelling of single adenoviral particles is developed. The technique has no impact on viral fitness and allows the imaging and tracking of virus binding and internalisation events using a variety of techniques including imaging cytometry and confocal microscopy. The method is applied to characterise the tropism of different adenoviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan R Herod
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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46
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Lenman A, Liaci AM, Liu Y, Årdahl C, Rajan A, Nilsson E, Bradford W, Kaeshammer L, Jones MS, Frängsmyr L, Feizi T, Stehle T, Arnberg N. Human adenovirus 52 uses sialic acid-containing glycoproteins and the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor for binding to target cells. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004657. [PMID: 25674795 PMCID: PMC4335501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most adenoviruses attach to host cells by means of the protruding fiber protein that binds to host cells via the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) protein. Human adenovirus type 52 (HAdV-52) is one of only three gastroenteritis-causing HAdVs that are equipped with two different fiber proteins, one long and one short. Here we show, by means of virion-cell binding and infection experiments, that HAdV-52 can also attach to host cells via CAR, but most of the binding depends on sialylated glycoproteins. Glycan microarray, flow cytometry, surface plasmon resonance and ELISA analyses reveal that the terminal knob domain of the long fiber (52LFK) binds to CAR, and the knob domain of the short fiber (52SFK) binds to sialylated glycoproteins. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 52SFK in complex with 2-O-methylated sialic acid combined with functional studies of knob mutants revealed a new sialic acid binding site compared to other, known adenovirus:glycan interactions. Our findings shed light on adenovirus biology and may help to improve targeting of adenovirus-based vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annasara Lenman
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A. Manuel Liaci
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carin Årdahl
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anandi Rajan
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Will Bradford
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Kaeshammer
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morris S. Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lars Frängsmyr
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thilo Stehle
- University of Tübingen, Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Tübingen, Germany
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Division of Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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47
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Excoffon KJDA, Bowers JR, Sharma P. 1. Alternative splicing of viral receptors: A review of the diverse morphologies and physiologies of adenoviral receptors. RECENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN VIROLOGY 2015; 9:1-24. [PMID: 25621323 PMCID: PMC4302334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the biology of cell surface proteins is important particularly when they are utilized as viral receptors for viral entry. By manipulating the expression of cell surface receptors that have been coopted by viruses, the susceptibility of an individual to virus-induced disease or, alternatively, the effectiveness of viral-based gene therapy can be modified. The most commonly studied vector for gene therapy is adenovirus. The majority of adenovirus types utilize the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) as a primary receptor to enter cells. Species B adenovirus do not interact with CAR, but instead interact with the cell surface proteins desmoglein-2 (DSG-2) and cluster of differentiation 46 (CD46). These cell surface proteins exhibit varying degrees of alternative mRNA splicing, creating an estimated 20 distinct protein isoforms. It is likely that alternative splice forms have allowed these proteins to optimize their effectiveness in a plethora of niches, including roles as cell adhesion proteins and regulators of the innate immune system. Interestingly, there are soluble isoforms of these viral receptors, which lack the transmembrane domain. These soluble isoforms can potentially bind to the surface of a virus in the extracellular compartment, blocking the ability of the virus to bind to the host cell, reducing viral infectivity. Finally, the diversity of viral receptor isoforms appears to facilitate an assortment of interactions between viral receptor proteins and cytosolic proteins, leading to differential sorting in polarized cells. Using adenoviral receptors as a model system, the purpose of this review is to highlight the role that isoform-specific protein localization plays in the entry of pathogenic viruses from the apical surface of polarized epithelial cells.
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48
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Adenovirus assembly is impaired by BMI1-related histone deacetylase activity. Virology 2014; 456-457:227-37. [PMID: 24889242 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycomb ring finger oncogene BMI1 (B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1) plays a critical role in development of several types of cancers. Here, we report an inverse relationship between levels of BMI1 expression and adenovirus (Ad) progeny production. Enforced BMI1 expression in A549 cells impaired Ad progeny production. In contrast, knocking-down of endogenous BMI1 expression enhanced progeny production of a conditionally replicating Ad and wild-type Ad5 and Ad11p. Ad vectors overexpressing BMI1 were not impaired in the replication of progeny genomes and in the expression of E1A and Ad structural proteins. However, 293 cells infected by Ad vector overexpressing BMI1 contained a large proportion of morphologically irregular Ad particles. This effect was reversed in 293 cells pre-treated with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) in parallel with the production of infectious Ad particles. Our findings suggest an inhibitory role of BMI1 in Ad morphogenesis that can be implied in Ad tropism and Ad-mediated cancer therapy.
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49
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Yu B, Dong J, Wang C, Wang Z, Gao L, Zhang H, Wu J, Kong W, Yu X. Trimeric knob protein specifically distinguishes neutralizing antibodies to different human adenovirus species: potential application for adenovirus seroepidemiology. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1564-1573. [PMID: 24764358 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.064832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are non-enveloped DNA viruses that have been extensively studied and used as vectors for gene therapy and several potential vaccines. There are 57 Ad serotypes in seven species (A-G), and Ad neutralizing antibody (NAb) titres can vary by serotype and geographical location. Until now serotype- and species-specific antibodies have been detected by neutralization or haemagglutination inhibition assays. These expensive and cumbersome methods of adenovirus typing have mainly been used in epidemiological studies. Our prior work demonstrated that NAbs against the fiber protein are commonly generated during natural Ad infection in humans and the trimeric knob is preferentially recognized by fiber-induced NAbs. In this study, we expressed nine trimeric knob proteins from representative Ad serotypes of human Ad (HAdV)-A-F in Escherichia coli and found no cross-reactivity of these recombinant proteins with rabbit hyperimmune sera (among HAdV-A-F or within HAdV-C). Results of the ELISA based on Ad2 and Ad5 (both HAdV-C) knob proteins were consistent with those of neutralization assays, indicating that the trimeric knob protein would be a good candidate antigen for detecting Ad serotype-specific NAbs in sera from naturally infected subjects. We also demonstrated the primary seroepidemiology of nine Ad serotypes in 274 children using the knob-based ELISA. These results have potential implications for epidemiology of Ad serotypes and future development of Ad-based vaccines and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jianing Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Chu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Wei Kong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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50
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Sumarheni S, Hong SS, Josserand V, Coll JL, Boulanger P, Schoehn G, Fender P. Human full-length coagulation factor X and a GLA domain-derived 40-mer polypeptide bind to different regions of the adenovirus serotype 5 hexon capsomer. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:339-49. [PMID: 24512117 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of human adenovirus (HAdV)-C5 and many other adenoviruses with blood coagulation factors (e.g., human factor X, FX) involves the binding of their GLA domain to the hexon capsomers, resulting in high levels of hepatotropism and potential hepatotoxicity. In this study, we tested the possibility of preventing these undesirable effects by using a GLA-mimicking peptide as a competitor. An FX GLA domain-derived, 40-mer polypeptide carrying 12 carboxyglutamate residues was synthesized (GLA(mim)). Surface plasmon resistance (SPR) analysis showed that GLA(mim) reacted with free and capsid-embedded hexon with a nanomolar affinity. Unexpectedly, GLA(mim) failed to compete with FX for hexon binding, and instead significantly increased the formation of FX-hexon or FX-adenovirion complexes. This observation was confirmed by in vitro cell transduction experiments using HAdV-C5-Luciferase vector (HAdV5-Luc), as preincubation of HAdV5-Luc with GLA(mim) before FX addition resulted in a higher transgene expression compared with FX alone. HAdV-C5 virions complexed with GLA(mim) were analyzed by cryoelectron microscopy. Image reconstruction demonstrated the bona fide hexon-GLA(mim) interaction, as for the full-length FX, although with considerable differences in stoichiometry and relative location on the hexon capsomer. Three extra densities were found at the periphery of each hexon, whereas one single FX molecule occupied the central cavity of the hexon trimeric capsomer. A refined analysis indicated that each extra density is found at the expected location of one highly variable loop 1 of the hexon, involved in scavenger receptor recognition. HAdV5-Luc complexed with a bifunctional GLA(mim)RGD peptide showed a lesser hepatotropism, compared with control HAdV5-Luc alone, and efficiently targeted αβ-integrin-overexpressing tumor cells in an in vivo mouse tumor model. Collectively, our findings open new perspectives in the design of adenoviral vectors for biotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudir Sumarheni
- 1 Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Université Joseph Fourier , European Molecular Biology Laboratory (Unit of Virus Host Cell Interactions; Unité Mixte Internationale-3265), 38042 Grenoble, France
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