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Su W, Ahmad I, Wu Y, Tang L, Khan I, Ye B, Liang J, Li S, Zheng YH. Furin Egress from the TGN is Regulated by Membrane-Associated RING-CH Finger (MARCHF) Proteins and Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 32 (USP32) via Nondegradable K33-Polyubiquitination. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403732. [PMID: 39031635 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Furin primarily localizes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), where it cleaves and activates a broad range of immature proproteins that play critical roles in cellular homeostasis, disease progression, and infection. Furin is retrieved from endosomes to the TGN after being phosphorylated, but it is still unclear how furin exits the TGN to initiate the post-Golgi trafficking and how its activity is regulated in the TGN. Here three membrane-associated RING-CH finger (MARCHF) proteins (2, 8, 9) are identified as furin E3 ubiquitin ligases, which catalyze furin K33-polyubiquitination. Polyubiquitination prevents furin from maturation by blocking its ectodomain cleavage inside cells but promotes its egress from the TGN and shedding. Further ubiquitin-specific protease 32 (USP32) is identified as the furin deubiquitinase in the TGN that counteracts the MARCHF inhibitory activity on furin. Thus, the furin post-Golgi trafficking is regulated by an interplay between polyubiquitination and phosphorylation. Polyubiquitination is required for furin anterograde transport but inhibits its proprotein convertase activity, and phosphorylation is required for furin retrograde transport to produce fully active furin inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - You Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ilyas Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bowei Ye
- Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jie Liang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Sunan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Rao CH, Huang R, Bai YZ, Yu C, Chen M, Peng JM, Xu SJ, Sun MX, Wang SJ, Yang YB, An TQ, Tian ZJ, Lyu C, Cai XH, Zheng C, Meng F, Tang YD. MARCH8 inhibits pseudorabies virus replication by trapping the viral cell-to-cell fusion complex in the trans-Golgi network. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133463. [PMID: 38944094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The membrane-associated RING-CH 8 protein (MARCH8), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family, has broad-spectrum antiviral activity. However, some viruses hijack MARCH8 to promote virus replication, highlighting its dual role in the viral lifecycle. Most studies on MARCH8 have focused on RNA viruses, leaving its role in DNA viruses largely unexplored. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a large DNA virus that poses a potential threat to humans. In this study, we found that MARCH8 inhibited PRV replication at the cell-to-cell fusion stage. Interestingly, our findings proved that MARCH8 blocks gB cleavage by recruiting furin but this activity does not inhibit viral infection in vitro. Furthermore, we confirmed that MARCH8 inhibits cell-to-cell fusion independent of its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity but dependent on the interaction with the cell-to-cell fusion complex (gB, gD, gH, and gL). Finally, we discovered that the distribution of the cell-to-cell fusion complex is significantly altered and trapped within the trans-Golgi network. Overall, our results indicate that human MARCH8 acts as a potent antiviral host factor against PRV via trapping the cell-to-cell fusion complex in the trans-Golgi network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Hong Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuan-Zhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Changqing Yu
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Biosafety Assessment and Biotechnology, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jin-Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shi-Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ming-Xia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biomedicine, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yong-Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tong-Qing An
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chuang Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Livestock & Poultry Pathogen Biotechnology, Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biomedicine, Harbin, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infection Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Fandan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biomedicine, Harbin, China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Livestock & Poultry Pathogen Biotechnology, Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China.
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3
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Huang R, Rao CH, Bai YZ, Yu C, Chen M, Peng JM, Xu SJ, Sun Y, Fandan M, Lyu C, Khan M, An TQ, Tian ZJ, Cai XH, Wang G, Tang YD. MARCH1 and MARCH2 inhibit pseudorabies virus replication by trapping the viral cell-to-cell fusion complex in trans-Golgi network. Vet Microbiol 2024; 295:110164. [PMID: 38936155 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family of proteins are members of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family and are essential for a variety of biological functions. Currently, MARCH proteins are discovered to execute antiviral functions by directly triggering viral protein degradation or blocking the furin cleavage of viral class I fusion proteins. Here, we report a novel antiviral mechanism of MARCH1 and MARCH2 (MARCH1/2) in the replication of Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the Herpesviridae family. We discovered MARCH1/2 restrict PRV replication at the cell-to-cell fusion step. Furthermore, MARCH1/2 block gB cleavage, and this is dependent on their E3 ligase activity. Interestingly, the blocking of gB cleavage by MARCH1/2 does not contribute to their antiviral activity in vitro. We discovered that MARCH1/2 are associated with the cell-to-cell fusion complex of gB, gD, gH, and gL and trap these viral proteins in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) rather than degrading them. Overall, we conclude that MARCH1/2 inhibit PRV by trapping the viral cell-to-cell fusion complex in TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Cui-Hong Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan-Zhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changqing Yu
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Biosafety Assessment and Biotechnology, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, China
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biomedicine, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Jin-Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shi-Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Fandan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chuang Lyu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Livestock & Poultry Pathogen Biotechnology, Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mirwaise Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tong-Qing An
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biomedicine, Harbin, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China.
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Research Center for Veterinary Biomedicine, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China.
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4
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Berglund G, Lennon CD, Badu P, Berglund JA, Pager CT. Transcriptomic Signatures of Zika Virus Infection in Patients and a Cell Culture Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1499. [PMID: 39065267 PMCID: PMC11278784 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a re-emerging flavivirus, is associated with devasting developmental and neurological disease outcomes particularly in infants infected in utero. Towards understanding the molecular underpinnings of the unique ZIKV disease pathologies, numerous transcriptome-wide studies have been undertaken. Notably, these studies have overlooked the assimilation of RNA-seq analysis from ZIKV-infected patients with cell culture model systems. In this study we find that ZIKV-infection of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, mirrored both the transcriptional and alternative splicing profiles from previously published RNA-seq data of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from pediatric patients during early acute, late acute, and convalescent phases of ZIKV infection. Our analyses show that ZIKV infection in cultured cells correlates with transcriptional changes in patients, while the overlap in alternative splicing profiles was not as extensive. Overall, our data indicate that cell culture model systems support dissection of select molecular changes detected in patients and establishes the groundwork for future studies elucidating the biological implications of alternative splicing during ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Berglund
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Claudia D. Lennon
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Pheonah Badu
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - John Andrew Berglund
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Cara T. Pager
- The RNA Institute, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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5
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He Z, Li W, Zhang M, Huang M, Chen Z, Zhao X, Ding Y, Zhang J, Zhao L, Jiao P. RNF216 Inhibits the Replication of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus and Regulates the RIG-I Signaling Pathway in Ducks. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:187-203. [PMID: 38829131 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The RING finger (RNF) family, a group of E3 ubiquitin ligases, plays multiple essential roles in the regulation of innate immunity and resistance to viral infection in mammals. However, it is still unclear whether RNF proteins affect the production of IFN-I and the replication of avian influenza virus (AIV) in ducks. In this article, we found that duck RNF216 (duRNF216) inhibited the duRIG-I signaling pathway. Conversely, duRNF216 deficiency enhanced innate immune responses in duck embryonic fibroblasts. duRNF216 did not interacted with duRIG-I, duMDA5, duMAVS, duSTING, duTBK1, or duIRF7 in the duck RIG-I pathway. However, duRNF216 targeted duTRAF3 and inhibited duMAVS in the recruitment of duTRAF3 in a dose-dependent manner. duRNF216 catalyzed K48-linked polyubiquitination of duck TRAF3, which was degraded by the proteasome pathway. Additionally, AIV PB1 protein competed with duTRAF3 for binding to duRNF216 to reduce degradation of TRAF3 by proteasomes in the cytoplasm, thereby slightly weakening duRNF216-mediated downregulation of IFN-I. Moreover, although duRNF216 downregulated the IFN-β expression during virus infection, the expression level of IFN-β in AIV-infected duck embryonic fibroblasts overexpressing duRNF216 was still higher than that in uninfected cells, which would hinder the viral replication. During AIV infection, duRNF216 protein targeted the core protein PB1 of viral polymerase to hinder viral polymerase activity and viral RNA synthesis in the nucleus, ultimately strongly restricting viral replication. Thus, our study reveals a new mechanism by which duRNF216 downregulates innate immunity and inhibits AIV replication in ducks. These findings broaden our understanding of the mechanisms by which the duRNF216 protein affects AIV replication in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoliang He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minfan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiya Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangbao Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luxiang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peirong Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Tada T, Zhang Y, Kong D, Tanaka M, Yao W, Kameoka M, Ueno T, Fujita H, Tokunaga K. Further Characterization of the Antiviral Transmembrane Protein MARCH8. Cells 2024; 13:698. [PMID: 38667313 PMCID: PMC11049619 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The cellular transmembrane protein MARCH8 impedes the incorporation of various viral envelope glycoproteins, such as the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) and vesicular stomatitis virus G-glycoprotein (VSV-G), into virions by downregulating them from the surface of virus-producing cells. This downregulation significantly reduces the efficiency of virus infection. In this study, we aimed to further characterize this host protein by investigating its species specificity and the domains responsible for its antiviral activity, as well as its ability to inhibit cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection. We found that the antiviral function of MARCH8 is well conserved in the rhesus macaque, mouse, and bovine versions. The RING-CH domains of these versions are functionally important for inhibiting HIV-1 Env and VSV-G-pseudovirus infection, whereas tyrosine motifs are crucial for the former only, consistent with findings in human MARCH8. Through analysis of chimeric proteins between MARCH8 and non-antiviral MARCH3, we determined that both the N-terminal and C-terminal cytoplasmic tails, as well as presumably the N-terminal transmembrane domain, of MARCH8 are critical for its antiviral activity. Notably, we found that MARCH8 is unable to block cell-to-cell HIV-1 infection, likely due to its insufficient downregulation of Env. These findings offer further insights into understanding the biology of this antiviral transmembrane protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tada
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (W.Y.)
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yanzhao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (W.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Dechuan Kong
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (W.Y.)
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;
| | - Michiko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weitong Yao
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (W.Y.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Masanori Kameoka
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe 650-0017, Japan;
| | - Takamasa Ueno
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan;
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Sasebo 859-3298, Japan;
| | - Kenzo Tokunaga
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (W.Y.)
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Wang P, Sun Y, Xu T. USP13 Cooperates with MARCH8 to Inhibit Antiviral Signaling by Targeting MAVS for Autophagic Degradation in Teleost. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:801-812. [PMID: 38214605 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), as a central adapter protein in retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor signaling, is indispensable for innate antiviral immunity. Yet, the molecular mechanisms modulating the stability of MAVS are not fully understood in low vertebrates. In this study, we report that the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 13 (USP13) acts as a negative regulator of antiviral immunity by targeting MAVS for selective autophagic degradation in teleost fish. USP13 is induced by RNA virus or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid stimulation and acts as a negative regulator to potentiate viral replication in fish cells. Mechanistically, USP13 functions as a scaffold to enhance the interaction between MAVS and the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH8, thus promoting MARCH8 to catalyze MAVS through K27-linked polyubiquitination for selective autophagic degradation. Taken together, to our knowledge, our study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which viruses evade host antiviral immunity via USP13 in fish and provides a new idea for mammalian innate antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, China
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8
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Lotke R, Petersen M, Sauter D. Restriction of Viral Glycoprotein Maturation by Cellular Protease Inhibitors. Viruses 2024; 16:332. [PMID: 38543698 PMCID: PMC10975521 DOI: 10.3390/v16030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The human genome is estimated to encode more than 500 proteases performing a wide range of important physiological functions. They digest proteins in our food, determine the activity of hormones, induce cell death and regulate blood clotting, for example. During viral infection, however, some proteases can switch sides and activate viral glycoproteins, allowing the entry of virions into new target cells and the spread of infection. To reduce unwanted effects, multiple protease inhibitors regulate the proteolytic processing of self and non-self proteins. This review summarizes our current knowledge of endogenous protease inhibitors, which are known to limit viral replication by interfering with the proteolytic activation of viral glycoproteins. We describe the underlying molecular mechanisms and highlight the diverse strategies by which protease inhibitors reduce virion infectivity. We also provide examples of how viruses evade the restriction imposed by protease inhibitors. Finally, we briefly outline how cellular protease inhibitors can be modified and exploited for therapeutic purposes. In summary, this review aims to summarize our current understanding of cellular protease inhibitors as components of our immune response to a variety of viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Yu C, Bai Y, Tan W, Bai Y, Li X, Zhou Y, Zhai J, Xue M, Tang YD, Zheng C, Liu Q. Human MARCH1, 2, and 8 block Ebola virus envelope glycoprotein cleavage via targeting furin P domain. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29445. [PMID: 38299743 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family proteins were recently reported to inhibit viral replication through multiple modes. Previous work showed that human MARCH8 blocked Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) maturation. Our study here demonstrates that human MARCH1 and MARCH2 share a similar pattern to MARCH8 in restricting EBOV GP-pseudotyped viral infection. Human MARCH1 and MARCH2 retain EBOV GP at the trans-Golgi network, reduce its cell surface display, and impair EBOV GP-pseudotyped virions infectivity. Furthermore, we uncover that the host proprotein convertase furin could interact with human MARCH1/2 and EBOV GP intracellularly. Importantly, the furin P domain is verified to be recognized by MARCH1/2/8, which is critical for their blocking activities. Besides, bovine MARCH2 and murine MARCH1 also impair EBOV GP proteolytic processing. Altogether, our findings confirm that MARCH1/2 proteins of different mammalian origins showed a relatively conserved feature in blocking EBOV GP cleavage, which could provide clues for subsequent MARCHs antiviral studies and may facilitate the development of novel strategies to antagonize enveloped virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yu
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Biosafety Assessment and Biotechnology, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bai
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Engineering Center of Agricultural Biosafety Assessment and Biotechnology, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infection Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Qiang Liu
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong, People's Republic of China
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10
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Husain M. Influenza Virus Host Restriction Factors: The ISGs and Non-ISGs. Pathogens 2024; 13:127. [PMID: 38392865 PMCID: PMC10893265 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has been one of the most prevalent and researched viruses globally. Consequently, there is ample information available about influenza virus lifecycle and pathogenesis. However, there is plenty yet to be known about the determinants of influenza virus pathogenesis and disease severity. Influenza virus exploits host factors to promote each step of its lifecycle. In turn, the host deploys antiviral or restriction factors that inhibit or restrict the influenza virus lifecycle at each of those steps. Two broad categories of host restriction factors can exist in virus-infected cells: (1) encoded by the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and (2) encoded by the constitutively expressed genes that are not stimulated by interferons (non-ISGs). There are hundreds of ISGs known, and many, e.g., Mx, IFITMs, and TRIMs, have been characterized to restrict influenza virus infection at different stages of its lifecycle by (1) blocking viral entry or progeny release, (2) sequestering or degrading viral components and interfering with viral synthesis and assembly, or (3) bolstering host innate defenses. Also, many non-ISGs, e.g., cyclophilins, ncRNAs, and HDACs, have been identified and characterized to restrict influenza virus infection at different lifecycle stages by similar mechanisms. This review provides an overview of those ISGs and non-ISGs and how the influenza virus escapes the restriction imposed by them and aims to improve our understanding of the host restriction mechanisms of the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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11
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Khan I, Li S, Tao L, Wang C, Ye B, Li H, Liu X, Ahmad I, Su W, Zhong G, Wen Z, Wang J, Hua RH, Ma A, Liang J, Wan XP, Bu ZG, Zheng YH. Tubeimosides are pan-coronavirus and filovirus inhibitors that can block their fusion protein binding to Niemann-Pick C1. Nat Commun 2024; 15:162. [PMID: 38167417 PMCID: PMC10762260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and filovirus enter cells via the cell surface angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) or the late-endosome Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) as a receptor. Here, we screened 974 natural compounds and identified Tubeimosides I, II, and III as pan-coronavirus and filovirus entry inhibitors that target NPC1. Using in-silico, biochemical, and genomic approaches, we provide evidence that NPC1 also binds SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein on the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which is blocked by Tubeimosides. Importantly, NPC1 strongly promotes productive SARS-CoV-2 entry, which we propose is due to its influence on fusion in late endosomes. The Tubeimosides' antiviral activity and NPC1 function are further confirmed by infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC), SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. Thus, NPC1 is a critical entry co-factor for highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) in the late endosomes, and Tubeimosides hold promise as a new countermeasure for these HCoVs and filoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Khan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Sunan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lihong Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bowei Ye
- Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Huiyu Li
- Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Gongxun Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Rong-Hong Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ao Ma
- Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Jie Liang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Xiao-Peng Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhi-Gao Bu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Yong-Hui Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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12
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Yu C, Wang G, Liu Q, Zhai J, Xue M, Li Q, Xian Y, Zheng C. Host antiviral factors hijack furin to block SARS-CoV-2, ebola virus, and HIV-1 glycoproteins cleavage. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2164742. [PMID: 36591809 PMCID: PMC9897805 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2164742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Viral envelope glycoproteins are crucial for viral infections. In the process of enveloped viruses budding and release from the producer cells, viral envelope glycoproteins are presented on the viral membrane surface as spikes, promoting the virus's next-round infection of target cells. However, the host cells evolve counteracting mechanisms in the long-term virus-host co-evolutionary processes. For instance, the host cell antiviral factors could potently suppress viral replication by targeting their envelope glycoproteins through multiple channels, including their intracellular synthesis, glycosylation modification, assembly into virions, and binding to target cell receptors. Recently, a group of studies discovered that some host antiviral proteins specifically recognized host proprotein convertase (PC) furin and blocked its cleavage of viral envelope glycoproteins, thus impairing viral infectivity. Here, in this review, we briefly summarize several such host antiviral factors and analyze their roles in reducing furin cleavage of viral envelope glycoproteins, aiming at providing insights for future antiviral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Yu
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guosheng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Medical College, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China,Mengzhou Xue
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China,Qiang Li
| | - Yuanhua Xian
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, People’s Republic of China,Yuanhua Xian
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infection Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, Chunfu Zheng
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13
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Lodge R, Xu Z, Eklund M, Stürzel C, Kirchhoff F, Tremblay MJ, Hobman TC, Cohen ÉA. MicroRNA-25/93 induction by Vpu as a mechanism for counteracting MARCH1-restriction on HIV-1 infectivity in macrophages. mBio 2023; 14:e0195023. [PMID: 37773002 PMCID: PMC10653795 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01950-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In order to efficiently produce infectious viral particles, HIV must counter several restrictions exerted by host cell antiviral proteins. MARCH1 is a member of the MARCH protein family that restricts HIV infection by limiting the incorporation of viral envelope glycoproteins into nascent virions. Here, we identified two regulatory RNAs, microRNAs-25 and -93, induced by the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu, that downregulate MARCH1 mRNA. We also show that Vpu induces these cellular microRNAs in macrophages by hijacking the cellular β-catenin pathway. The notion that HIV-1 has evolved a mechanism to counteract MARCH1 restriction on viral infectivity underlines the importance of MARCH1 in the host antiviral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lodge
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zaikun Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mckenna Eklund
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christina Stürzel
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michel J. Tremblay
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tom C. Hobman
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Éric A. Cohen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Jiao H, Yan Z, Zhai X, Yang Y, Wang N, Li X, Jiang Z, Su S. Transcriptome screening identifies TIPARP as an antiviral host factor against the Getah virus. J Virol 2023; 97:e0059123. [PMID: 37768084 PMCID: PMC10617542 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00591-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Alphaviruses threaten public health continuously, and Getah virus (GETV) is a re-emerging alphavirus that can potentially infect humans. Approved antiviral drugs and vaccines against alphaviruses are few available, but several host antiviral factors have been reported. Here, we used GETV as a model of alphaviruses to screen for additional host factors. Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-inducible poly(ADP ribose) polymerase was identified to inhibit GETV replication by inducing ubiquitination of the glycoprotein E2, causing its degradation by recruiting the E3 ubiquitin ligase membrane-associated RING-CH8 (MARCH8). Using GETV as a model virus, focusing on the relationship between viral structural proteins and host factors to screen antiviral host factors provides new insights for antiviral studies on alphaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houqi Jiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqing Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichen Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Su
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Umthong S, Timilsina U, D’Angelo M, Stavrou S. Determining the antiviral mechanism of MARCH2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.18.558306. [PMID: 37786722 PMCID: PMC10541590 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.18.558306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) 2 protein is a member of the MARCH protein family of RING-CH finger E3 ubiquitin ligases that have important functions in regulating the levels of proteins found on the cell surface. MARCH1, 2 and 8 inhibit HIV-1 infection by preventing the incorporation of the envelope glycoproteins in nascent virions. However, a better understanding on the mechanism utilized by MARCH proteins to restrict HIV-1 is needed. In this report, we identify an amino acid in human MARCH2, that is absent in mouse MARCH2, critical for its antiretroviral function. Moreover, we map the domains of human MARCH2 critical for restricting as well as binding to the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. Our findings reveal important new aspects of the antiviral mechanism utilized by human MARCH2 to restrict HIV-1 that have potential implications to all MARCH proteins with antiviral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Umthong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Uddhav Timilsina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Mary D’Angelo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Spyridon Stavrou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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16
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Bandola-Simon J, Roche PA. Regulation of MHC class II and CD86 expression by March-I in immunity and disease. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 82:102325. [PMID: 37075597 PMCID: PMC10330218 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The expression of MHC-II and CD86 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) must be tightly regulated to foster antigen-specific CD4 T-cell activation and to prevent autoimmunity. Surface expression of these proteins is regulated by their dynamic ubiquitination by the E3 ubiquitin ligase March-I. March-I promotes turnover of peptide-MHC-II complexes on resting APCs and termination of March-I expression promotes MHC-II and CD86 surface stability. In this review, we will highlight recent studies examining March-I function in both normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bandola-Simon
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
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17
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Xiong ST, Ying YR, Long Z, Li JH, Zhang YB, Xiao TY, Zhao X. Zebrafish MARCH7 negatively regulates IFN antiviral response by degrading TBK1. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124384. [PMID: 37054851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-associated RING-CH-type finger (MARCH) proteins have been reported to regulate type I IFN production during host antiviral innate immunity. The present study reported the zebrafish MARCH family member, MARCH7, as a negative regulator in virus-triggered type I IFN induction via targeting TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) for degradation. As an IFN-stimulated gene (ISG), we discovered that MARCH7 was significantly induced by spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) or poly(I:C) stimulation. Ectopic expression of MARCH7 reduced the activity of IFN promoter and dampened the cellular antiviral responses triggered by SVCV and grass carp reovirus (GCRV), which concomitantly accelerated the viral replication. Accordingly, the knockdown of MARCH7 by siRNA transfection significantly promoted the transcription of ISG genes and inhibited SVCV replication. Mechanistically, we found that MARCH7 interacted with TBK1 and degraded it via K48-linked ubiquitination. Further characterization of truncated mutants of MARCH7 and TBK1 confirmed that the C-terminal RING of MARCH7 is essential in the MARCH7-mediated degradation of TBK1 and the negative regulation of IFN antiviral response. This study reveals a molecular mechanism by which zebrafish MARCH7 negatively regulates the IFN response by targeting TBK1 for protein degradation, providing new insights into the essential role of MARCH7 in antiviral innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yan-Rong Ying
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhe Long
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jun-Hua Li
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yi-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tiao-Yi Xiao
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Featured Aquatic Resources Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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18
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Pseudotyped Viruses for Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:105-132. [PMID: 36920694 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) of the Filoviridae family are the most lethal viruses in terms of mortality rate. However, the development of antiviral treatment is hampered by the requirement for biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) containment. The establishment of BSL-2 pseudotyped viruses can provide important tools for the study of filoviruses. This chapter summarizes general information on the filoviruses and then focuses on the construction of replication-deficient pseudotyped MARV and EBOV (e.g., lentivirus system and vesicular stomatitis virus system). It also details the potential applications of the pseudotyped viruses, including neutralization antibody detection, the study of infection mechanisms, the evaluation of antibody-dependent enhancement, virus entry inhibitor screening, and glycoprotein mutation analysis.
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19
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Wang SH, Chou WC, Huang HC, Lee TA, Hsiao TC, Wang LH, Huang KB, Kuo CT, Chao CH, Chang SJ, Hsu JM, Weng J, Ren N, Li FA, Lai YJ, Zhou C, Hung MC, Li CW. Deglycosylation of SLAMF7 in breast cancers enhances phagocytosis. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4721-4736. [PMID: 36381324 PMCID: PMC9641385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation of proteins is one of the post-translational modifications (PTMs) that shield tumor antigens from immune attack. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 7 (SLAMF7) suppresses cancer cell phagocytosis and is an ideal target under clinical development. PTM of SLAMF7, however, remains less understood. In this study, we investigated the role of N-glycans on SLAMF7 in breast cancer progression. We identified seven N-linked glycosylation motifs on SLAMF7, which are majorly occupied by complex structures. Evolutionally conserved N98 residue is enriched with high mannose and sialylated glycans. Hyperglycosylated SLAMF7 was associated with STT3A expression in breast cancer cells. Inhibition of STT3A by a small molecule inhibitor, N-linked glycosylation inhibitor-1 (NGI-1), reduced glycosylation of SLAMF7, resulting in enhancing antibody affinity and phagocytosis. To provide an on-target effect, we developed an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) by coupling the anti-SLAMF7 antibody with NGI-1. Deglycosylation of SLAMF7 increases antibody recognition and promotes macrophage engulfment of breast cancer cells. Our work suggests deglycosylation by ADC is a potential strategy to enhance the response of immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Han Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chi Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Te-An Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Hsiao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hui Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal UniversityGuilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chun-Tse Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hong Chao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | | | - Jung-Mao Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Jialei Weng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan UniversityShanghai, PR China
| | - Ning Ren
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan UniversityShanghai, PR China
- Institute of Fudan Minhang Academic Health System (AHS), and Key Laboratory of Whole-period Monitoring and Precise Intervention of Digestive Cancer (SMHC), Minhang Hospital & AHS, Fudan UniversityShanghai, PR China
| | - Fu-An Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts LowellLowell, MA, USA
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan UniversityShanghai, PR China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei 115, Taiwan
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20
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RNF185 regulates proteostasis in Ebolavirus infection by crosstalk between the calnexin cycle, ERAD, and reticulophagy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6007. [PMID: 36224200 PMCID: PMC9554868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection affects cellular proteostasis and provides an opportunity to study this cellular process under perturbation. The proteostasis network in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is composed of the calnexin cycle, and the two protein degradation pathways ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD/ER-phagy/reticulophagy). Here we show that calnexin and calreticulin trigger Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV) glycoprotein GP1,2 misfolding. Misfolded EBOV-GP1,2 is targeted by ERAD machinery, but this results in lysosomal instead of proteasomal degradation. Moreover, the ER Ub ligase RNF185, usually associated with ERAD, polyubiquitinates EBOV-GP1,2 on lysine 673 via ubiquitin K27-linkage. Polyubiquinated GP1,2 is subsequently recruited into autophagosomes by the soluble autophagy receptor sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62), in an ATG3- and ATG5-dependent manner. We conclude that EBOV hijacks all three proteostasis mechanisms in the ER to downregulate GP1,2 via polyubiquitination and show that this increases viral fitness. This study identifies linkages among proteostasis network components previously thought to function independently. Little is known about how proteostasis is maintained during viral infection. Here, the authors identify unexpected crosstalk between the calnexin cycle, ERAD, and reticulophagy, resulting in suppression of ebolavirus glycoprotein expression.
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King CR, Mehle A. Retasking of canonical antiviral factors into proviral effectors. Curr Opin Virol 2022; 56:101271. [PMID: 36242894 PMCID: PMC10090225 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2022.101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Under constant barrage by viruses, hosts have evolved a plethora of antiviral effectors and defense mechanisms. To survive, viruses must adapt to evade or subvert these defenses while still capturing cellular resources to fuel their replication cycles. Large-scale studies of the antiviral activities of cellular proteins and processes have shown that different viruses are controlled by distinct subsets of antiviral genes. The remaining antiviral genes are either ineffective in controlling infection, or in some cases, actually promote infection. In these cases, classically defined antiviral factors are retasked by viruses to enhance viral replication. This creates a more nuanced picture revealing the contextual nature of antiviral activity. The same protein can exert different effects on replication, depending on multiple factors, including the host, the target cells, and the specific virus infecting it. Here, we review numerous examples of viruses hijacking canonically antiviral proteins and retasking them for proviral purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cason R King
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Andrew Mehle
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Wang B, Zhang J, Liu X, Chai Q, Lu X, Yao X, Yang Z, Sun L, Johnson SF, Schwartz RC, Zheng YH. Protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) negatively regulate ebolavirus structural glycoprotein expression in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Autophagy 2022; 18:2350-2367. [PMID: 35130104 PMCID: PMC9542513 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2031381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) causes a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates with high morbidity and mortality. EBOV infection is dependent on its structural glycoprotein (GP), but high levels of GP expression also trigger cell rounding, detachment, and downregulation of many surface molecules that is thought to contribute to its high pathogenicity. Thus, EBOV has evolved an RNA editing mechanism to reduce its GP expression and increase its fitness. We now report that the GP expression is also suppressed at the protein level in cells by protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs). Although PDIs promote oxidative protein folding by catalyzing correct disulfide formation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), PDIA3/ERp57 adversely triggered the GP misfolding by targeting GP cysteine residues and activated the unfolded protein response (UPR). Abnormally folded GP was targeted by ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) machinery and, unexpectedly, was degraded via the macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosomal pathway, but not the proteasomal pathway. PDIA3 also decreased the GP expression from other ebolavirus species but increased the GP expression from Marburg virus (MARV), which is consistent with the observation that MARV-GP does not cause cell rounding and detachment, and MARV does not regulate its GP expression via RNA editing during infection. Furthermore, five other PDIs also had a similar inhibitory activity to EBOV-GP. Thus, PDIs negatively regulate ebolavirus glycoprotein expression, which balances the viral life cycle by maximizing their infection but minimizing their cellular effect. We suggest that ebolaviruses hijack the host protein folding and ERAD machinery to increase their fitness via reticulophagy during infection.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 4-PBA: 4-phenylbutyrate; ACTB: β-actin; ATF: activating transcription factor; ATG: autophagy-related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BDBV: Bundibugyo ebolavirus; CALR: calreticulin; CANX: calnexin; CHX: cycloheximide; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; ConA: concanamycin A; CRISPR: clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9; dsRNA: double-stranded RNA; EBOV: Zaire ebolavirus; EDEM: ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein; EIF2AK3/PERK: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; Env: envelope glycoprotein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD: ER-associated protein degradation; ERN1/IRE1: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; GP: glycoprotein; HA: hemagglutinin; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; HMM: high-molecular-mass; HIV-1: human immunodeficiency virus type 1; HSPA5/BiP: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5; IAV: influenza A virus; IP: immunoprecipitation; KIF: kifenesine; Lac: lactacystin; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; MAN1B1/ERManI: mannosidase alpha class 1B member 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MARV: Marburg virus; MLD: mucin-like domain; NHK/SERPINA1: alpha1-antitrypsin variant null (Hong Kong); NTZ: nitazoxanide; PDI: protein disulfide isomerase; RAVV: Ravn virus; RESTV: Reston ebolavirus; SARS-CoV: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SBOV: Sudan ebolavirus; sGP: soluble GP; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; ssGP: small soluble GP; TAFV: Taï Forest ebolavirus; TIZ: tizoxanide; TGN: thapsigargin; TLD: TXN (thioredoxin)-like domain; Ub: ubiquitin; UPR: unfolded protein response; VLP: virus-like particle; VSV: vesicular stomatitis virus; WB: Western blotting; WT: wild-type; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- CAAS-Michigan State University Joint Laboratory of Innate Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- MSD (Ningbo) Animal Health Technology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- CAAS-Michigan State University Joint Laboratory of Innate Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- CAAS-Michigan State University Joint Laboratory of Innate Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Qingqing Chai
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaoran Lu
- CAAS-Michigan State University Joint Laboratory of Innate Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yao
- CAAS-Michigan State University Joint Laboratory of Innate Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhichang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Silas F. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Richard C Schwartz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yong-Hui Zheng
- CAAS-Michigan State University Joint Laboratory of Innate Immunity, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Zhao X, Dan C, Gong XY, Li YL, Qu ZL, Sun HY, An LL, Guo WH, Gui JF, Zhang YB. Zebrafish MARCH8 downregulates fish IFN response by targeting MITA and TBK1 for protein degradation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104485. [PMID: 35764162 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have related the membrane-associated RING-CH-type finger (MARCH) family proteins to host innate immune response. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) MARCH8 is reported to target SVCV glycoprotein for degradation; however, little is known about whether fish MARCH8 is involved in innate interferon (IFN) response. In this study, zebrafish march8 was significantly induced by SVCV infection. Overexpression of MARCH8 diminished fish IFN-mediated antiviral response, thus promoting the replication of SVCV and GCRV in fish cells. Mechanistically, MARCH8 interacts with and degrades MITA and TBK1 proteins to inhibit IFN response. Moreover, MARCH8 has an E3 ligase activity and enhances MITA and TBK1 polyubiquitination. Our findings reveal a mechanism whereby zebrafish MARCH8 downregulates fish IFN response and facilitates viral replication by targeting MITA and TBK1 for protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Cheng Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Xiu-Ying Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Yi-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Zi-Ling Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Hao-Yu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Li-Li An
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Wen-Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Alpha-Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Prevents the Cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein by Functioning as an Interferon-Upregulated Furin Inhibitor. mBio 2022; 13:e0244321. [PMID: 35012335 PMCID: PMC8749436 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02443-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the furin cleavage motif in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces the virulence and transmission of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that furin is an attractive antiviral drug target. However, lack of understanding of the regulation of furin activity has largely limited the development of furin-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we find that alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein (α-SNAP), an indispensable component of vesicle trafficking machinery, inhibits the cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and other furin-dependent virus glycoproteins. SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the expression of α-SNAP, and overexpression of α-SNAP reduces SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells. We further reveal that α-SNAP is an interferon-upregulated furin inhibitor that inhibits furin function by interacting with its P domain. Our study demonstrates that α-SNAP, in addition to its role in vesicle trafficking, plays an important role in the host defense against furin-dependent virus infection and therefore could be a target for the development of therapeutic options for COVID-19. IMPORTANCE Some key mutations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, such as D614G and P681R mutations, increase the transmission or pathogenicity by enhancing the cleavage efficacy of spike protein by furin. Loss of the furin cleavage motif of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reduces the virulence and transmission, suggesting that furin is an attractive antiviral drug target. However, lack of understanding of the regulation of furin activity has largely limited the development of furin-based therapeutic strategies. Here, we found that in addition to its canonical role in vesicle trafficking, alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein (α-SNAP) plays an important role in the host defense against furin-dependent virus infection. we identified that α-SNAP is a novel interferon-upregulated furin inhibitor and inhibits the cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and other furin-dependent virus glycoproteins by interacting with P domain of furin. Our study demonstrates that α-SNAP could be a target for the development of therapeutic options for COVID-19.
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Abstract
The host transmembrane protein MARCH8 is a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase that downregulates various host transmembrane proteins, such as MHC-II. We have recently reported that MARCH8 expression in virus-producing cells impairs viral infectivity by reducing virion incorporation of not only HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein but also vesicular stomatitis virus G-glycoprotein through two different pathways. However, the MARCH8 inhibition spectrum remains largely unknown. Here, we show the antiviral spectrum of MARCH8 using viruses pseudotyped with a variety of viral envelope glycoproteins. Infection experiments revealed that viral envelope glycoproteins derived from the rhabdovirus, arenavirus, coronavirus, and togavirus (alphavirus) families were sensitive to MARCH8-mediated inhibition. Lysine mutations at the cytoplasmic tails of rabies virus-G, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoproteins, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, and Chikungunya virus and Ross River virus E2 proteins conferred resistance to MARCH8. Immunofluorescence showed impaired downregulation of the mutants of these viral envelope glycoproteins by MARCH8, followed by lysosomal degradation, suggesting that MARCH8-mediated ubiquitination leads to intracellular degradation of these envelopes. Indeed, rabies virus-G and Chikungunya virus E2 proteins proved to be clearly ubiquitinated. We conclude that MARCH8 has inhibitory activity on a variety of viral envelope glycoproteins whose cytoplasmic lysine residues are targeted by this antiviral factor. IMPORTANCE A member of the MARCH E3 ubiquitin ligase family, MARCH8, downregulates many different kinds of host transmembrane proteins, resulting in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. On the other hands, MARCH8 acts as an antiviral factor when it binds to and downregulates HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and vesicular stomatitis virus G-glycoprotein that are viral transmembrane proteins. This study reveals that, as in the case of cellular membrane proteins, MARCH8 shows broad-spectrum inhibition against various viral envelope glycoproteins by recognizing their cytoplasmic lysine residues, resulting in lysosomal degradation.
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MARCH8 Restricts Influenza A Virus Infectivity but Does Not Downregulate Viral Glycoprotein Expression at the Surface of Infected Cells. mBio 2021; 12:e0148421. [PMID: 34517760 PMCID: PMC8546552 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01484-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated RING-CH8 (MARCH8) impairs the cell surface expression of envelope glycoproteins from different viruses, reducing their incorporation into virions. Using stable cell lines with inducible MARCH8 expression, we show that MARCH8 did not alter susceptibility to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, but virions released from infected cells were markedly less infectious. Knockdown of endogenous MARCH8 confirmed its effect on IAV infectivity. The expression of MARCH8 impaired the infectivity of both H3N2 and H1N1 strains and was dependent on its E3 ligase activity. Although virions released in the presence of MARCH8 expressed smaller amounts of viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins, there was no impact on levels of the viral HA, NA, or matrix 2 (M2) proteins detected on the surface of infected cells. Moreover, mutation of lysine residues in the cytoplasmic tails of HA, NA, and/or M2, or in the viral M1 protein, did not abrogate MARCH8-mediated restriction. While MARCH1 and -8 target similar immunological ligands and both restrict HIV-1, only MARCH8 inhibited IAV infectivity. Deletion of the N-terminal cytoplasmic (N-CT) domain of MARCH8 confirmed it to be a critical determinant of IAV inhibition. Of interest, deletion of the MARCH1 N-CT or its replacement with the MARCH8 N-CT resulted in acquisition of IAV restriction. Together, these data demonstrate that MARCH8 restricts a late stage in IAV replication by a mechanism distinct to its reported activity against other viruses. Moreover, we show that the N-CT of MARCH8 is essential for anti-IAV activity, whereas the MARCH1 N-CT inhibits its ability to restrict IAV.
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Li C, Shi L, Gao Y, Lu Y, Ye J, Liu X. HSC70 Inhibits Spring Viremia of Carp Virus Replication by Inducing MARCH8-Mediated Lysosomal Degradation of G Protein. Front Immunol 2021; 12:724403. [PMID: 34659210 PMCID: PMC8511485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.724403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a fierce pathogen, spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) can cause high mortality in the common carp, and its glycoprotein (G protein) is a component of the viral structure on the surface of virion, which is crucial in viral life cycle. This report adopted tandem affinity purification (TAP), mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS), immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy assays to identify Heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70) as an interaction partner of SVCV G protein. It was found that HSC70 overexpression dramatically inhibited SVCV replication, whereas its loss of functions elicited opposing effects on SVCV replication. Mechanistic studies indicate that HSC70 induces lysosomal degradation of ubiquitinated-SVCV G protein. This study further demonstrates that Membrane-associated RING-CH 8 (MARCH8), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is critical for SVCV G protein ubiquitylation and leads to its lysosomal degradation. Furthermore, the MARCH8 mediated ubiquitylation of SVCV G protein required the participation of HSC70 through forming a multicomponent complex. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HSC70 serves as a scaffold for MARCH8 and SVCV G, which leads to the ubiquitylation and degradation of SVCV G protein and thus inhibits viral replication. These findings have established a novel host defense mechanism against SVCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
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Liu X, Xu F, Ren L, Zhao F, Huang Y, Wei L, Wang Y, Wang C, Fan Z, Mei S, Song J, Zhao Z, Cen S, Liang C, Wang J, Guo F. MARCH8 inhibits influenza A virus infection by targeting viral M2 protein for ubiquitination-dependent degradation in lysosomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4427. [PMID: 34285233 PMCID: PMC8292393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) proteins are E3 ligases that regulate the stability of various cellular membrane proteins. MARCH8 has been reported to inhibit the infection of HIV-1 and a few other viruses, thus plays an important role in host antiviral defense. However, the antiviral spectrum and the underlying mechanisms of MARCH8 are incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that MARCH8 profoundly inhibits influenza A virus (IAV) replication both in vitro and in mice. Mechanistically, MARCH8 suppresses IAV release through redirecting viral M2 protein from the plasma membrane to lysosomes for degradation. Specifically, MARCH8 catalyzes the K63-linked polyubiquitination of M2 at lysine residue 78 (K78). A recombinant A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus carrying the K78R M2 protein shows greater replication and more severe pathogenicity in cells and mice. More importantly, we found that the M2 protein of the H1N1 IAV has evolved to acquire non-lysine amino acids at positions 78/79 to resist MARCH8-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Together, our data support the important role of MARCH8 in host anti-IAV intrinsic immune defense by targeting M2, and suggest the inhibitory pressure of MARCH8 on H1N1 IAV transmission in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Center for AIDS Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengwen Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Center for AIDS Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Center for AIDS Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Center for AIDS Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Center for AIDS Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Conghui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangling Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Center for AIDS Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Mei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Center for AIDS Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Center for AIDS Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Fei Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Center for AIDS Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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29
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Seidah NG, Pasquato A, Andréo U. How Do Enveloped Viruses Exploit the Secretory Proprotein Convertases to Regulate Infectivity and Spread? Viruses 2021; 13:v13071229. [PMID: 34202098 PMCID: PMC8310232 DOI: 10.3390/v13071229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the binding of enveloped viruses surface glycoproteins to host cell receptor(s) is a major target of vaccines and constitutes an efficient strategy to block viral entry and infection of various host cells and tissues. Cellular entry usually requires the fusion of the viral envelope with host plasma membranes. Such entry mechanism is often preceded by “priming” and/or “activation” steps requiring limited proteolysis of the viral surface glycoprotein to expose a fusogenic domain for efficient membrane juxtapositions. The 9-membered family of Proprotein Convertases related to Subtilisin/Kexin (PCSK) serine proteases (PC1, PC2, Furin, PC4, PC5, PACE4, PC7, SKI-1/S1P, and PCSK9) participate in post-translational cleavages and/or regulation of multiple secretory proteins. The type-I membrane-bound Furin and SKI-1/S1P are the major convertases responsible for the processing of surface glycoproteins of enveloped viruses. Stefan Kunz has considerably contributed to define the role of SKI-1/S1P in the activation of arenaviruses causing hemorrhagic fever. Furin was recently implicated in the activation of the spike S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 and Furin-inhibitors are being tested as antivirals in COVID-19. Other members of the PCSK-family are also implicated in some viral infections, such as PCSK9 in Dengue. Herein, we summarize the various functions of the PCSKs and present arguments whereby their inhibition could represent a powerful arsenal to limit viral infections causing the present and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil G. Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology Montreal Clinical Research Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-987-5609
| | - Antonella Pasquato
- Antonella Pasquato, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Ursula Andréo
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology Montreal Clinical Research Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W1R7, Canada;
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Tada T, Zhang Y, Fujita H, Tokunaga K. MARCH8: the tie that binds to viruses. FEBS J 2021; 289:3642-3654. [PMID: 33993615 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family member proteins are RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligases that are known to downregulate cellular transmembrane proteins. MARCH8 is a novel antiviral factor that inhibits HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein and vesicular stomatitis virus G by downregulating these envelope glycoproteins from the cell surface, resulting in their reduced incorporation into virions. More recently, we have found that MARCH8 reduces viral infectivity via two different mechanisms. Additionally, several groups have reported further antiviral or virus-supportive functions of the MARCH8 protein and its other cellular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms by which MARCH8 can regulate cellular homeostasis and inhibit and occasionally support enveloped virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tada
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Yanzhao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Japan
| | - Kenzo Tokunaga
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Abstract
Viral envelope glycoproteins are an important structural component on the surfaces of enveloped viruses that direct virus binding and entry and also serve as targets for the host adaptive immune response. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of action of the MARCH family of cellular proteins that disrupt the trafficking and virion incorporation of viral glycoproteins across several virus families. An emerging class of cellular inhibitory proteins has been identified that targets viral glycoproteins. These include the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that, among other functions, downregulate cell surface proteins involved in adaptive immunity. The RING-CH domain of MARCH proteins is thought to function by catalyzing the ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of target proteins, leading to their degradation. MARCH proteins have recently been reported to target retroviral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G). However, the mechanism of antiviral activity remains poorly defined. Here we show that MARCH8 antagonizes the full-length forms of HIV-1 Env, VSV-G, Ebola virus glycoprotein (EboV-GP), and the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), thereby impairing the infectivity of virions pseudotyped with these viral glycoproteins. This MARCH8-mediated targeting of viral glycoproteins requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the RING-CH domain. We observe that MARCH8 protein antagonism of VSV-G is CT dependent. In contrast, MARCH8-mediated targeting of HIV-1 Env, EboV-GP, and SARS-CoV-2 S protein by MARCH8 does not require the CT, suggesting a novel mechanism of MARCH-mediated antagonism of these viral glycoproteins. Confocal microscopy data demonstrate that MARCH8 traps the viral glycoproteins in an intracellular compartment. We observe that the endogenous expression of MARCH8 in several relevant human cell types is rapidly inducible by type I interferon. These results help to inform the mechanism by which MARCH proteins exert their antiviral activity and provide insights into the role of cellular inhibitory factors in antagonizing the biogenesis, trafficking, and virion incorporation of viral glycoproteins.
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Zheng C, Tang YD. When MARCH family proteins meet viral infections. Virol J 2021; 18:49. [PMID: 33653359 PMCID: PMC7927399 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) ubiquitin ligases belong to a RING finger domain E3 ligases family. Recent studies have demonstrated that MARCH proteins play critical roles during various viral infections. MARCH proteins can directly antagonize different steps of the viral life cycle and promote individual viral infection. This mini-review will focus on the latest advances of MARCH family proteins' emerging roles during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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33
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Umthong S, Lynch B, Timilsina U, Waxman B, Ivey EB, Stavrou S. Elucidating the Antiviral Mechanism of Different MARCH Factors. mBio 2021; 12:e03264-20. [PMID: 33653895 PMCID: PMC8092282 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03264-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) proteins belong to a family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, whose main function is to remove transmembrane proteins from the plasma membrane. Recent work has shown that the human MARCH1, 2, and 8 are antiretroviral factors that target the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins by reducing their incorporation in the budding virions. Nevertheless, the dearth of information regarding the antiviral mechanism of this family of proteins necessitates further examination. In this study, using both the human MARCH proteins and their mouse homologues, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the antiretroviral mechanism of this family of proteins. Moreover, we show that human MARCH proteins restrict to various degrees the envelope glycoproteins of a diverse number of viruses. This report sheds light on the important antiviral function of MARCH proteins and their significance in cell intrinsic immunity.IMPORTANCE This study examines the mechanism utilized by different MARCH proteins to restrict retrovirus infection. MARCH proteins block the incorporation of envelope glycoproteins to the budding virions. In this report, by comparing the human and mouse MARCH genes and using murine leukemia virus (MLV) and HIV-1, we identify differences in the mechanism of restriction among MARCH proteins. Furthermore, we perform a comprehensive analysis on a number of envelope glycoproteins and show that MARCH proteins have broad antiviral functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Umthong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brian Lynch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Uddhav Timilsina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Brandon Waxman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Emily B Ivey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Spyridon Stavrou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Lun CM, Waheed AA, Majadly A, Powell N, Freed EO. Mechanism of Viral Glycoprotein Targeting by Membrane-associated-RING-CH Proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.01.25.428025. [PMID: 33532773 PMCID: PMC7852266 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.25.428025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An emerging class of cellular inhibitory proteins has been identified that targets viral glycoproteins. These include the membrane-associated RING-CH (MARCH) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that, among other functions, downregulate cell-surface proteins involved in adaptive immunity. The RING-CH domain of MARCH proteins is thought to function by catalyzing the ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails (CTs) of target proteins, leading to their degradation. MARCH proteins have recently been reported to target retroviral envelope glycoproteins (Env) and vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G). However, the mechanism of antiviral activity remains poorly defined. Here we show that MARCH8 antagonizes the full-length forms of HIV-1 Env, VSV-G, Ebola virus glycoprotein (EboV-GP), and the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) thereby impairing the infectivity of virions pseudotyped with these viral glycoproteins. This MARCH8-mediated targeting of viral glycoproteins requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the RING-CH domain. We observe that MARCH8 protein antagonism of VSV-G is CT dependent. In contrast, MARCH8-mediated targeting of HIV-1 Env, EboV-GP and SARS-CoV-2 S protein by MARCH8 does not require the CT, suggesting a novel mechanism of MARCH-mediated antagonism of these viral glycoproteins. Confocal microscopy data demonstrate that MARCH8 traps the viral glycoproteins in an intracellular compartment. We observe that the endogenous expression of MARCH8 in several relevant human cell types is rapidly inducible by type I interferon. These results help to inform the mechanism by which MARCH proteins exert their antiviral activity and provide insights into the role of cellular inhibitory factors in antagonizing the biogenesis, trafficking, and virion incorporation of viral glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Man Lun
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Abdul A. Waheed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Alhlam Majadly
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Nicole Powell
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
| | - Eric O. Freed
- Virus-Cell Interaction Section, HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute
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Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010323. [PMID: 33396899 PMCID: PMC7796338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Being opportunistic intracellular pathogens, viruses are dependent on the host for their replication. They hijack host cellular machinery for their replication and survival by targeting crucial cellular physiological pathways, including transcription, translation, immune pathways, and apoptosis. Immediately after translation, the host and viral proteins undergo a process called post-translational modification (PTM). PTMs of proteins involves the attachment of small proteins, carbohydrates/lipids, or chemical groups to the proteins and are crucial for the proteins’ functioning. During viral infection, host proteins utilize PTMs to control the virus replication, using strategies like activating immune response pathways, inhibiting viral protein synthesis, and ultimately eliminating the virus from the host. PTM of viral proteins increases solubility, enhances antigenicity and virulence properties. However, RNA viruses are devoid of enzymes capable of introducing PTMs to their proteins. Hence, they utilize the host PTM machinery to promote their survival. Proteins from viruses belonging to the family: Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae, and Coronaviridae such as chikungunya, dengue, zika, HIV, and coronavirus are a few that are well-known to be modified. This review discusses various host and virus-mediated PTMs that play a role in the outcome during the infection.
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Retroviral Restriction Factors and Their Viral Targets: Restriction Strategies and Evolutionary Adaptations. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121965. [PMID: 33322320 PMCID: PMC7764263 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary conflict between retroviruses and their vertebrate hosts over millions of years has led to the emergence of cellular innate immune proteins termed restriction factors as well as their viral antagonists. Evidence accumulated in the last two decades has substantially increased our understanding of the elaborate mechanisms utilized by these restriction factors to inhibit retroviral replication, mechanisms that either directly block viral proteins or interfere with the cellular pathways hijacked by the viruses. Analyses of these complex interactions describe patterns of accelerated evolution for these restriction factors as well as the acquisition and evolution of their virus-encoded antagonists. Evidence is also mounting that many restriction factors identified for their inhibition of specific retroviruses have broader antiviral activity against additional retroviruses as well as against other viruses, and that exposure to these multiple virus challenges has shaped their adaptive evolution. In this review, we provide an overview of the restriction factors that interfere with different steps of the retroviral life cycle, describing their mechanisms of action, adaptive evolution, viral targets and the viral antagonists that evolved to counter these factors.
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