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Kar AK, Srivastava R. Improving the Glucose to Fructose Isomerization via Epitaxial‐Grafting of Niobium in UIO‐66 framework. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajendra Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Chemistry Nangal RoadRupnagar 140001 Rupnagar INDIA
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2
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Hammer HF, Fox MR, Keller J, Salvatore S, Basilisco G, Hammer J, Lopetuso L, Benninga M, Borrelli O, Dumitrascu D, Hauser B, Herszenyi L, Nakov R, Pohl D, Thapar N, Sonyi M. European guideline on indications, performance, and clinical impact of hydrogen and methane breath tests in adult and pediatric patients: European Association for Gastroenterology, Endoscopy and Nutrition, European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition consensus. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:15-40. [PMID: 34431620 PMCID: PMC8830282 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Measurement of breath hydrogen (H2 ) and methane (CH4 ) excretion after ingestion of test-carbohydrates is used for different diagnostic purposes. There is a lack of standardization among centers performing these tests and this, together with recent technical developments and evidence from clinical studies, highlight the need for a European guideline. METHODS This consensus-based clinical practice guideline defines the clinical indications, performance, and interpretation of H2 -CH4 -breath tests in adult and pediatric patients. A balance between scientific evidence and clinical experience was achieved by a Delphi consensus that involved 44 experts from 18 European countries. Eighty eight statements and recommendations were drafted based on a review of the literature. Consensus (≥80% agreement) was reached for 82. Quality of evidence was evaluated using validated criteria. RESULTS The guideline incorporates new insights into the role of symptom assessment to diagnose carbohydrate (e.g., lactose) intolerances and recommends that breath tests for carbohydrate malabsorption require additional validated concurrent symptom evaluation to establish carbohydrate intolerance. Regarding the use of breath tests for the evaluation of oro-cecal transit time and suspected small bowel bacterial overgrowth, this guideline highlights confounding factors associated with the interpretation of H2 -CH4 -breath tests in these indications and recommends approaches to mitigate these issues. CONCLUSION This clinical practice guideline should facilitate pan-European harmonization of diagnostic approaches to symptoms and disorders, which are very common in specialist and primary care gastroenterology practice, both in adult and pediatric patients. In addition, it identifies areas of future research needs to clarify diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz F. Hammer
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMedical UniversityGrazAustria
| | - Mark R. Fox
- Centre for Integrative GastroenterologyDigestive Function: BaselLaboratory and Clinic for Motility Disorders and Functional Gastrointestinal DiseasesKlinik ArlesheimArlesheimSwitzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jutta Keller
- Department of Internal MedicineIsraelitic HospitalAcademic Hospital of the University of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Pediatric DepartmentHospital “F. Del Ponte”University of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Guido Basilisco
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy UnitFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanoItaly
| | - Johann Hammer
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital of Internal Medicine 3Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Loris Lopetuso
- UOC Medicina Interna e GastroenterologiaDipartimento di Scienze Mediche e ChirurgicheFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSRomeItalia
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences“G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | - Marc Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionEmma Children's HospitalAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Osvaldo Borrelli
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of GastroenterologyNeurogastroenterology and MotilityGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
| | - Dan Dumitrascu
- Department of GastroenterologyClinica Medicala 2Cluj‐NapocaRomania
| | - Bruno Hauser
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionKidZ Health Castle UZ BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | - Laszlo Herszenyi
- Department of GastroenterologyMedical CentreHungarian Defence ForcesBudapestHungary
| | - Radislav Nakov
- Clinic of GastroenterologyTsaritsa Yoanna University HospitalMedical University of SofiaSofiaBulgaria
| | - Daniel Pohl
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of GastroenterologyNeurogastroenterology and MotilityGreat Ormond Street HospitalLondonUK
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Liver TransplantQueensland Children's HospitalBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Marc Sonyi
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineMedical UniversityGrazAustria
- Clinic for General Medicine, Gastroenterology, and Infectious DiseasesAugustinerinnen HospitalCologneGermany
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3
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Ventura M, Mazarío J, Domine ME. Isomerization of Glucose‐to‐Fructose in Water over a Continuous Flow Reactor using Ca−Al Mixed Oxide as Heterogeneous Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ventura
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, ITQ (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. Los Naranjos S/N 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Jaime Mazarío
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, ITQ (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. Los Naranjos S/N 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Marcelo E. Domine
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, ITQ (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda. Los Naranjos S/N 46022 Valencia Spain
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4
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Kruschitz A, Peinsipp L, Pfeiffer M, Nidetzky B. Continuous process technology for glucoside production from sucrose using a whole cell-derived solid catalyst of sucrose phosphorylase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5383-5394. [PMID: 34189615 PMCID: PMC8285329 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Advanced biotransformation processes typically involve the upstream processing part performed continuously and interlinked tightly with the product isolation. Key in their development is a catalyst that is highly active, operationally robust, conveniently produced, and recyclable. A promising strategy to obtain such catalyst is to encapsulate enzymes as permeabilized whole cells in porous polymer materials. Here, we show immobilization of the sucrose phosphorylase from Bifidobacterium adolescentis (P134Q-variant) by encapsulating the corresponding E. coli cells into polyacrylamide. Applying the solid catalyst, we demonstrate continuous production of the commercial extremolyte 2-α-D-glucosyl-glycerol (2-GG) from sucrose and glycerol. The solid catalyst exhibited similar activity (≥70%) as the cell-free extract (~800 U g-1 cell wet weight) and showed excellent in-operando stability (40 °C) over 6 weeks in a packed-bed reactor. Systematic study of immobilization parameters related to catalyst activity led to the identification of cell loading and catalyst particle size as important factors of process optimization. Using glycerol in excess (1.8 M), we analyzed sucrose conversion dependent on space velocity (0.075-0.750 h-1) and revealed conditions for full conversion of up to 900 mM sucrose. The maximum 2-GG space-time yield reached was 45 g L-1 h-1 for a product concentration of 120 g L-1. Collectively, our study establishes a step-economic route towards a practical whole cell-derived solid catalyst of sucrose phosphorylase, enabling continuous production of glucosides from sucrose. This strengthens the current biomanufacturing of 2-GG, but also has significant replication potential for other sucrose-derived glucosides, promoting their industrial scale production using sucrose phosphorylase. KEY POINTS: • Cells of sucrose phosphorylase fixed in polyacrylamide were highly active and stable. • Solid catalyst was integrated with continuous flow to reach high process efficiency. • Generic process technology to efficiently produce glucosides from sucrose is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kruschitz
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Linda Peinsipp
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pfeiffer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib), Krenngasse 37, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 12, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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5
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Wang Y, Ravikumar Y, Zhang G, Yun J, Zhang Y, Parvez A, Qi X, Sun W. Biocatalytic Synthesis of D-Allulose Using Novel D-Tagatose 3-Epimerase From Christensenella minuta. Front Chem 2020; 8:622325. [PMID: 33363120 PMCID: PMC7758420 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.622325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
D-allulose, which is one of the important rare sugars, has gained significant attention in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a potential alternative to sucrose and fructose. Enzymes belonging to the D-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTEase) family can reversibly catalyze the epimerization of D-fructose at the C3 position and convert it into D-allulose by a good number of naturally occurring microorganisms. However, microbial synthesis of D-allulose is still at its immature stage in the industrial arena, mostly due to the preference of slightly acidic conditions for Izumoring reactions. Discovery of novel DTEase that works at acidic conditions is highly preferred for industrial applications. In this study, a novel DTEase, DTE-CM, capable of catalyzing D-fructose into D-allulose was applications. In this study, a novel DTEase, DTE-CM, capable of catalyzing D-fructose into D-allulose was DTE-CM on D-fructose was found to be remarkably influenced and modulated by the type of metal ions (co-factors). The DTE-CM on D-fructose was found to be remarkably influenced and modulated by the type of metal ions (co-factors). The 50°C from 0.5 to 3.5 h at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The enzyme exhibited its maximum catalytic activity on D-fructose at pH 6.0 and 50°C from 0.5 to 3.5 h at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The enzyme exhibited its maximum catalytic activity on -fructose at pH 6.0 and 50°C with a K cat /K m value of 45 mM-1min-1. The 500 g/L D-fructose, which corresponded to 30% conversion rate. With these interesting catalytic properties, this enzyme could be a promising candidate for industrial biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuvaraj Ravikumar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guoyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Junhua Yun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Amreesh Parvez
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xianghui Qi
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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6
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Sun L, Jin YS. Xylose Assimilation for the Efficient Production of Biofuels and Chemicals by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000142. [PMID: 33135317 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microbial conversion of plant biomass into fuels and chemicals offers a practical solution to global concerns over limited natural resources, environmental pollution, and climate change. Pursuant to these goals, researchers have put tremendous efforts and resources toward engineering the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to efficiently convert xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic biomass, into various fuels and chemicals. Here, recent advances in metabolic engineering of yeast is summarized to address bottlenecks on xylose assimilation and to enable simultaneous co-utilization of xylose and other substrates in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Distinct characteristics of xylose metabolism that can be harnessed to produce advanced biofuels and chemicals are also highlighted. Although many challenges remain, recent research investments have facilitated the efficient fermentation of xylose and simultaneous co-consumption of xylose and glucose. In particular, understanding xylose-induced metabolic rewiring in engineered yeast has encouraged the use of xylose as a carbon source for producing various non-ethanol bioproducts. To boost the lignocellulosic biomass-based bioeconomy, much attention is expected to promote xylose-utilizing efficiency via reprogramming cellular regulatory networks, to attain robust co-fermentation of xylose and other cellulosic carbon sources under industrial conditions, and to exploit the advantageous traits of yeast xylose metabolism for producing diverse fuels and chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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7
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Kim IJ, Kim KH. Thermophilic l-fucose isomerase from Thermanaeromonas toyohensis for l-fucose synthesis from l-fuculose. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Cunha JT, Soares PO, Baptista SL, Costa CE, Domingues L. Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae for lignocellulosic valorization: a review and perspectives on bioethanol production. Bioengineered 2020; 11:883-903. [PMID: 32799606 PMCID: PMC8291843 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1801178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biorefinery concept, consisting in using renewable biomass with economical and energy goals, appeared in response to the ongoing exhaustion of fossil reserves. Bioethanol is the most prominent biofuel and has been considered one of the top chemicals to be obtained from biomass. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the preferred microorganism for ethanol production, has been the target of extensive genetic modifications to improve the production of this alcohol from renewable biomasses. Additionally, S. cerevisiae strains from harsh industrial environments have been exploited due to their robust traits and improved fermentative capacity. Nevertheless, there is still not an optimized strain capable of turning second generation bioprocesses economically viable. Considering this, and aiming to facilitate and guide the future development of effective S. cerevisiae strains, this work reviews genetic engineering strategies envisioning improvements in 2nd generation bioethanol production, with special focus in process-related traits, xylose consumption, and consolidated bioprocessing. Altogether, the genetic toolbox described proves S. cerevisiae to be a key microorganism for the establishment of a bioeconomy, not only for the production of lignocellulosic bioethanol, but also having potential as a cell factory platform for overall valorization of renewable biomasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Cunha
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar , Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro O Soares
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar , Braga, Portugal
| | - Sara L Baptista
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar , Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos E Costa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar , Braga, Portugal
| | - Lucília Domingues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar , Braga, Portugal
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9
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Pentose degradation in archaea: Halorhabdus species degrade D-xylose, L-arabinose and D-ribose via bacterial-type pathways. Extremophiles 2020; 24:759-772. [PMID: 32761262 PMCID: PMC8551123 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of the pentoses D-xylose, L-arabinose and D-ribose in the domain of archaea, in Haloferax volcanii and in Haloarcula and Sulfolobus species, has been shown to proceed via oxidative pathways to generate α-ketoglutarate. Here, we report that the haloarchaeal Halorhabdus species utilize the bacterial-type non-oxidative degradation pathways for pentoses generating xylulose-5-phosphate. The genes of these pathways are each clustered and were constitutively expressed. Selected enzymes involved in D-xylose degradation, xylose isomerase and xylulokinase, and those involved in L-arabinose degradation, arabinose isomerase and ribulokinase, were characterized. Further, D-ribose degradation in Halorhabdus species involves ribokinase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and D-ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase. Ribokinase of Halorhabdus tiamatea and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase of Halorhabdus utahensis were characterized. This is the first report of pentose degradation via the bacterial-type pathways in archaea, in Halorhabdus species that likely acquired these pathways from bacteria. The utilization of bacterial-type pathways of pentose degradation rather than the archaeal oxidative pathways generating α-ketoglutarate might be explained by an incomplete gluconeogenesis in Halorhabdus species preventing the utilization of α-ketoglutarate in the anabolism.
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10
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Kim S, Sureka HV, Kayitmazer AB, Wang G, Swan JW, Olsen BD. Effect of Protein Surface Charge Distribution on Protein–Polyelectrolyte Complexation. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3026-3037. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sieun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hursh V. Sureka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Gang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - James W. Swan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bradley D. Olsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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11
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Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose in Hydrolysates from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Hydrotalcite. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8060644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The isomerization of glucose-containing hydrolysates to fructose is a key step in the process from lignocellulosic biomass to the platform chemical hydroxymethylfurfural. We investigated the isomerization reaction of glucose to fructose in water catalyzed by hydrotalcite. Catalyst characterization was performed via IR, XRD, and SEM. Firstly, glucose solutions at pH-neutral conditions were converted under variation of the temperature, residence time, and catalyst loading, whereby a maximum of 25 wt.% fructose yield was obtained at a 38 wt.% glucose conversion. Secondly, isomerization was performed at pH = 2 using glucose solutions as well as glucose-containing hydrolysates from lignocellulosic biomass. Under acidic conditions, the hydrotalcite loses its activity for isomerization. Consequently, it is unavoidable to neutralize the acidic hydrolysate before the isomerization step with an inexpensive base. As a neutralizing agent NaOH is preferred over Ba(OH)2, since higher fructose yields are achieved with NaOH. Lastly, a pH-neutral hydrolysate from lignocellulose was subjected to isomerization, yielding 16 wt.% fructose at a 32 wt.% glucose conversion. This work targets the application of catalytic systems on real biomass-derived samples.
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12
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Antunes MM, Fernandes A, Ribeiro MF, Lin Z, Valente AA. Modified Versions of AM‐4 for the Aqueous Phase Isomerization of Aldo‐Saccharides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M. Antunes
- Department of Chemistry CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Campus Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Auguste Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049‐001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - M. Filipa Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049‐001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Chemistry CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Campus Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Anabela A. Valente
- Department of Chemistry CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials University of Aveiro Campus Santiago 3810‐193 Aveiro Portugal
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A Novel Glucose Isomerase from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii with Great Potentials in the Production of High-Fructose Corn Syrup. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1871934. [PMID: 32351984 PMCID: PMC7178463 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1871934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose isomerase (GI) that catalyzes the conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose is one of the most important industrial enzymes for the production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). In this study, a novel GI (CbGI) was cloned from Caldicellulosiruptor bescii and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant CbGI (rCbGI) showed neutral and thermophilic properties. It had optimal activities at pH 7.0 and 80°C and retained stability at 85°C. In comparison with other reported GIs, rCbGI exhibited higher substrate affinity (Km = 42.61 mM) and greater conversion efficiency (up to 57.3% with 3M D-glucose as the substrate). The high catalytic efficiency and affinity of this CbGI is much valuable for the cost-effective production of HFCS.
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14
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Sheldon RA, Brady D, Bode ML. The Hitchhiker's guide to biocatalysis: recent advances in the use of enzymes in organic synthesis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2587-2605. [PMID: 32206264 PMCID: PMC7069372 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are excellent catalysts that are increasingly being used in industry and academia. This perspective is primarily aimed at synthetic organic chemists with limited experience using enzymes and provides a general and practical guide to enzymes and their synthetic potential, with particular focus on recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
- Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
| | - Moira L Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
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15
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Zandany A, Kumar VB, Gedanken A. Facile Molecular Catalysis for Isomerization of Glucose to Fructose Using KMnO 4in Water. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Zandany
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced MaterialsBar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel
| | - Vijay B. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced MaterialsBar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel
- Present Address: Los Alamos National LaboratoryMaterials Physics and Applications Division Los Alamos NM 87545 USA
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced MaterialsBar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan 52900 Israel
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16
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Kumar S, Sharma S, Kansal SK, Elumalai S. Efficient Conversion of Glucose into Fructose via Extraction-Assisted Isomerization Catalyzed by Endogenous Polyamine Spermine in the Aqueous Phase. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2406-2418. [PMID: 32064401 PMCID: PMC7017403 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, natural polyamine spermine is demonstrated as a potential basic catalyst for glucose-to-fructose isomerization. For instance, spermine achieves a decent fructose yield (30% wt) and selectivity (74%) during the single-step aqueous phase isomerization under the modest operating conditions (100 °C for 15 min). In addition to the expected reaction byproduct monosugar mannose, spermine also assists in the synthesis of rare and important monosugar, that is, psicose up to 4% wt. Psicose is a zero calorie rare sugar, exhibits a low caloric value, and possesses anti-adipogenic property. A comparative study involving other polyamines concluded that the presence of 20 amines tends to exhibit the most significant impact in improving the target product yield by releasing a higher number of OH- ions, which are responsible for isomerization through the formation of an enediol anion. An attempt was made to further improve the fructose yield through the addition of neutral salts, but it promoted a meager achievement. In an alternate study, a selective extraction strategy was followed for the isolation of fructose from the reaction mixture. The employed aryl monoboronic acid remarkably improved the net fructose concentration, that is, fructose productivity up to 75% wt (cumulative) and 70% selectivity within three consecutive extractions and isomerization cycles, which is comparatively three times shorter than that reported in the literature. Notably, spermine itself provided the essential and necessary basic environment for selective fructose extraction and glucose isomerization, ruling out the use of any external reagents and thus establishing itself as a versatile material suitable for a typical isomerization reaction in an upscaled reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Chemical
Engineering Division, Center of Innovative
and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
- Dr.
S. S. Bhatnagar Institute Chemical Engineering, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Shelja Sharma
- Chemical
Engineering Division, Center of Innovative
and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Kansal
- Dr.
S. S. Bhatnagar Institute Chemical Engineering, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Sasikumar Elumalai
- Chemical
Engineering Division, Center of Innovative
and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Antunes MM, Fernandes A, Falcão D, Pillinger M, Ribeiro F, Valente AA. Optimized preparation and regeneration of MFI type base catalysts for d-glucose isomerization in water. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Eco-friendly solid bases possessing hierarchical MFI structure ford-glucose isomerization tod-fructose. Optimizing catalyst synthesis and composition for enhanced stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M. Antunes
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- Campus Universitário de Santiago
- 3810-193 Aveiro
| | - Auguste Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Diogo Falcão
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- Campus Universitário de Santiago
- 3810-193 Aveiro
| | - Martyn Pillinger
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- Campus Universitário de Santiago
- 3810-193 Aveiro
| | - Filipa Ribeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Anabela A. Valente
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Aveiro
- Campus Universitário de Santiago
- 3810-193 Aveiro
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18
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Overview of Immobilized Enzymes' Applications in Pharmaceutical, Chemical, and Food Industry. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2100:27-63. [PMID: 31939114 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0215-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of immobilized enzymes in industry is becoming a routine process for the manufacture of many key compounds in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industry. Some enzymes like lipases are naturally robust and efficient, can be used for the production of many different molecules, and have found broad industrial applications. Some more specific enzymes, like transaminases, have required protein engineering to become suitable for applications in industrial manufacture. For all enzymes, the possibility to be immobilized and used in a heterogeneous form brings important industrial and environmental advantages such as simplified downstream processing or continuous process operations. Here, we present a series of large-scale applications of immobilized enzymes with benefits for the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and medical device industries, some of them hardly reported before.
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19
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Rengasamy S, Subramanian MR, Perumal V, Ganeshan S, Al Khulaifi MM, Al-Shwaiman HA, Elgorban AM, Syed A, Thangaprakasam U. Purification and kinetic behavior of glucose isomerase from Streptomyces lividans RSU26. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:1117-1123. [PMID: 32256173 PMCID: PMC7105671 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose isomerase (GI), an enzyme with deserved high potential in the world market. GI plays a major role in high Fructose Corn Syrup Production (HFCS). HFCS is used as a sweetener in food and pharmaceutical industries. Streptomyces are well-known producers of various industrially valuable enzymes, including Glucose isomerase. Currently, recombinant strains have been available for the production of various enzymes, but it has limitation in the large scale production. Therefore, identifying effective streptomyces strains have emerged. The current study, the novel S. lividans RSU26 was isolated from a marine source and optimized its potential to produce glucose isomerase at different physical and chemical conditions. The optimum pH and temperature for GI and biomass production were 7.5 and 35 °C, respectively at 96 h. Characterization study revealed that the approximate molar mass of GI was 43 kDa for monomeric and 170 kDa for tetrameric forms. Kinetic behavior exhibits Km, and Vmax values for the conversion of fructose to glucose conversion were 48.8 mM and 2.54 U mg−1 at 50 °C and glucose to fructose were 29.4 mM and 2.38 U mg−1 at 65 °C protein, respectively. Therefore, the present study suggested that the wild–type S. lividans RSU26 has strong potential to produce glucose isomerase for various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Rengasamy
- Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Tamil Nadu 613-403, India
| | | | - Varalakshmi Perumal
- Department of Molecular Biology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625-021, India
| | - Shakambari Ganeshan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625-021, India
| | - Manal M Al Khulaifi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind A Al-Shwaiman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Tang R, Ye P, Alper HS, Liu Z, Zhao X, Bai F. Identification and characterization of novel xylose isomerases from a Bos taurus fecal metagenome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9465-9477. [PMID: 31701197 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Discovering sugar metabolism genes is of great interest for lignocellulosic biorefinery. Xylose isomerases (XIs) were commonly screened from metagenomes derived from bovine rumen, soil, and other sources. However, so far, XIs and other sugar-utilizing enzymes have not been discovered from fecal metagenomes. In this study, environmental DNA from the fecal samples collected from yellow cattle (Bos taurus) was sequenced and analyzed. In the whole 14.26 Gbp clean data, 92 putative XIs were annotated. After sequence analysis, seven putative XIs were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and characterized in vitro. The XIs 58444 and 58960 purified from E. coli exhibited 22% higher enzyme activity when compared with that of the native E. coli XI. The XI 58444, similar to the XI from Lachnospira multipara, exhibited a relatively stable activity profile across different pH conditions. Four XIs were further investigated in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae after codon optimization. Overexpression of the codon-optimized 58444 enabled S. cerevisiae to utilize 6.4 g/L xylose after 96 h without any other genetic manipulations, which is 56% higher than the control yeast strain overexpressing an optimized XI gene xylA*3 selected by three rounds of mutation. Our results provide evidence that a bovine fecal metagenome is a novel and valuable source of XIs and other industrial enzymes for biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peiliang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hal S Alper
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Zhanying Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, China.,Center for Conservation and Emission Reductioin in Fermentation Industry, Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, 010051, China
| | - Xinqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Fengwu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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21
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Mehrabi P, Schulz EC, Agthe M, Horrell S, Bourenkov G, von Stetten D, Leimkohl JP, Schikora H, Schneider TR, Pearson AR, Tellkamp F, Miller RJD. Liquid application method for time-resolved analyses by serial synchrotron crystallography. Nat Methods 2019; 16:979-982. [DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Saburi W, Sato S, Hashiguchi S, Muto H, Iizuka T, Mori H. Enzymatic characteristics of d-mannose 2-epimerase, a new member of the acylglucosamine 2-epimerase superfamily. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6559-6570. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09944-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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A novel thermostable and efficient Class II glucose isomerase from the thermophilic Caldicoprobacter algeriensis: Biochemical characterization, molecular investigation, and application in High Fructose Syrup production. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:31-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Kamal H, Hegazy ELSA, Sharada HM, Abd elhalim SA, Lotfy S, Mohamed RD. Immobilization of glucose isomerase onto radiation synthesized P(AA-co-AMPS) hydrogel and its application. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Kamal
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - EL-Sayed A. Hegazy
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hayat M. Sharada
- Faculty of Science, Biochemistry Department, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | | | - S. Lotfy
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Randa D. Mohamed
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Zhang N, Meng X, Wu Y, Song H, Huang H, Wang F, Lv J. Highly Selective Isomerization of Glucose into Fructose Catalyzed by a Mimic Glucose Isomerase. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Xiang‐Guang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Yan‐Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Hong‐Jin Song
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Hong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Jing Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
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26
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An Innovative Biocatalyst for Continuous 2G Ethanol Production from Xylo-Oligomers by Saccharomyces cerevisiae through Simultaneous Hydrolysis, Isomerization, and Fermentation (SHIF). Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many approaches have been considered aimed at ethanol production from the hemicellulosic fraction of biomass. However, the industrial implementation of this process has been hindered by some bottlenecks, one of the most important being the ease of contamination of the bioreactor by bacteria that metabolize xylose. This work focuses on overcoming this problem through the fermentation of xylulose (the xylose isomer) by native Saccharomyces cerevisiae using xylo-oligomers as substrate. A new concept of biocatalyst is proposed, containing xylanases and xylose isomerase (XI) covalently immobilized on chitosan, and co-encapsulated with industrial baker’s yeast in Ca-alginate gel spherical particles. Xylo-oligomers are hydrolyzed, xylose is isomerized, and finally xylulose is fermented to ethanol, all taking place simultaneously, in a process called simultaneous hydrolysis, isomerization, and fermentation (SHIF). Among several tested xylanases, Multifect CX XL A03139 was selected to compose the biocatalyst bead. Influences of pH, Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations on the isomerization step were assessed. Experiments of SHIF using birchwood xylan resulted in an ethanol yield of 0.39 g/g, (76% of the theoretical), selectivity of 3.12 gethanol/gxylitol, and ethanol productivity of 0.26 g/L/h.
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27
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Design of combined crosslinked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) of β-galactosidase and glucose isomerase for the one-pot production of fructose syrup from lactose. Food Chem 2019; 288:102-107. [PMID: 30902269 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A new bi-enzymatic catalyst has been produced by precipitation and crosslinking (combi-CLEAs) of β-galactosidase and glucose isomerase for catalyzing the cascade reactions of lactose conversion into fructose, producing a lactose-fructose syrup (LFS). Glucose isomerase was chemically aminated to increase its reactive surface groups for favour the crosslinking step. The effect of β-galactosidase to glucose isomerase activity ratio and glutaraldehyde to protein mass ratio in combi-CLEAs production was evaluated. The selected combi-catalyst was successfully used in the production of fructose syrup from lactose in a single reaction vessel. The biocatalyst could be used at least in five sequential batches of LFS production, remaining fully stable after a total of 50 h of reaction, obtaining a product of constant quality. A robust bi-enzymatic catalyst was produced that can be repeatedly used in LFS production, an attractive mild sweetener for the dairy food industry.
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28
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Cordon MJ, Hall JN, Harris JW, Bates JS, Hwang SJ, Gounder R. Deactivation of Sn-Beta zeolites caused by structural transformation of hydrophobic to hydrophilic micropores during aqueous-phase glucose isomerization. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02589d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, titration and kinetic methods were used to probe the deactivation of Sn-Beta in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Cordon
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Jacklyn N. Hall
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - James W. Harris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Jason S. Bates
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
| | - Son-Jong Hwang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena
- USA
| | - Rajamani Gounder
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering
- Purdue University
- West Lafayette
- USA
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29
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Kim IJ, Kim DH, Nam KH, Kim KH. Enzymatic synthesis of l-fucose from l-fuculose using a fucose isomerase from Raoultella sp. and the biochemical and structural analyses of the enzyme. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:282. [PMID: 31827610 PMCID: PMC6894278 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND l-Fucose is a rare sugar with potential uses in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The enzymatic approach using l-fucose isomerase, which interconverts l-fucose and l-fuculose, can be an efficient way of producing l-fucose for industrial applications. Here, we performed biochemical and structural analyses of l-fucose isomerase identified from a novel species of Raoultella (RdFucI). RESULTS RdFucI exhibited higher enzymatic activity for l-fuculose than for l-fucose, and the rate for the reverse reaction of converting l-fuculose to l-fucose was higher than that for the forward reaction of converting l-fucose to l-fuculose. In the equilibrium mixture, a much higher proportion of l-fucose (~ ninefold) was achieved at 30 °C and pH 7, indicating that the enzyme-catalyzed reaction favors the formation of l-fucose from l-fuculose. When biochemical analysis was conducted using l-fuculose as the substrate, the optimal conditions for RdFucI activity were determined to be 40 °C and pH 10. However, the equilibrium composition was not affected by reaction temperature in the range of 30 to 50 °C. Furthermore, RdFucI was found to be a metalloenzyme requiring Mn2+ as a cofactor. The comparative crystal structural analysis of RdFucI revealed the distinct conformation of α7-α8 loop of RdFucI. The loop is present at the entry of the substrate binding pocket and may affect the catalytic activity. CONCLUSIONS RdFucI-catalyzed isomerization favored the reaction from l-fuculose to l-fucose. The biochemical and structural data of RdFucI will be helpful for the better understanding of the molecular mechanism of l-FucIs and the industrial production of l-fucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Do Hyoung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, 02841 South Korea
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30
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Design of operational temperature for immobilized glucose isomerise using an accelerated inactivation method. ACTA CHIMICA SLOVACA 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/acs-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Thermal inactivation of immobilized glucose isomerase in a concentrated glucose solution was investigated in the batch mode and temperature range of 83–95 °C, which is substantially higher than the temperature used in the industrial production of high-fructose corn syrup. Simultaneous evaluation of all inactivation data showed that first-order kinetics with the Arrhenius temperature dependence of the rate constant provided a good approximation of the biocatalyst stability under the investigated conditions. The model parameters were then used to predict the operational temperature for this biocatalyst in the production of high-fructose corn syrup based on the set operational life-time of the biocatalyst. The simulation predicted a window of operational temperature of 60–65 °C, which corresponds very well with the industrial applications of this biocatalyst. This observation demonstrates that the multi-temperature method of enzyme inactivation can provide a good estimate of biocatalyst process stability and is thus a useful tool in the development of biocatalytic processes.
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Noguchi Y, Kashiwagi N, Uzura A, Ogino C, Kondo A, Ikeda H, Sota M. Development of a strictly regulated xylose-induced expression system in Streptomyces. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:151. [PMID: 30241528 PMCID: PMC6149001 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0991-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic tools including constitutive and inducible promoters have been developed over the last few decades for strain engineering in Streptomyces. Inducible promoters are useful for controlling gene expression, however only a limited number are applicable to Streptomyces. The aim of this study is to develop a controllable protein expression system based on an inducible promoter using sugar inducer, which has not yet been widely applied in Streptomyces. Results To determine a candidate promoter, inducible protein expression was first examined in Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680 using various carbon sources. Xylose isomerase (xylA) promoter derived from xylose (xyl) operon was selected due to strong expression of xylose isomerase (XylA) in the presence of d-xylose. Next, a xylose-inducible protein expression system was constructed by investigating heterologous protein expression (chitobiase as a model protein) driven by the xylA promoter in Streptomyces lividans. Chitobiase activity was detected at high levels in S. lividans strain harboring an expression vector with xylA promoter (pXC), under both xylose-induced and non-induced conditions. Thus, S. avermitilis xylR gene, which encodes a putative repressor of xyl operon, was introduced into constructed vectors in order to control protein expression by d-xylose. Among strains constructed in the study, XCPR strain harboring pXCPR vector exhibited strict regulation of protein expression. Chitobiase activity in the XCPR strain was observed to be 24 times higher under xylose-induced conditions than that under non-induced conditions. Conclusion In this study, a strictly regulated protein expression system was developed based on a xylose-induced system. As far as we could ascertain, this is the first report of engineered inducible protein expression in Streptomyces by means of a xylose-induced system. This system might be applicable for controllable expression of toxic products or in the field of synthetic biology using Streptomyces strains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0991-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Noguchi
- Nagase R&D Center, Nagase & Co., Ltd., 2-2-3 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2241, Japan
| | - Norimasa Kashiwagi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuko Uzura
- Nagase R&D Center, Nagase & Co., Ltd., 2-2-3 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2241, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ogino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Haruo Ikeda
- Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sota
- Nagase R&D Center, Nagase & Co., Ltd., 2-2-3 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2241, Japan
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Merkx-Jacques A, Rasmussen H, Muise DM, Benjamin JJR, Kottwitz H, Tanner K, Milway MT, Purdue LM, Scaife MA, Armenta RE, Woodhall DL. Engineering xylose metabolism in thraustochytrid T18. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:248. [PMID: 30237825 PMCID: PMC6139898 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic, oleaginous, marine protists with a significant potential for biofuel production. High-value co-products can off-set production costs; however, the cost of raw materials, and in particular carbon, is a major challenge to developing an economical viable production process. The use of hemicellulosic carbon derived from agricultural waste, which is rich in xylose and glucose, has been proposed as a sustainable and low-cost approach. Thraustochytrid strain T18 is a commercialized environmental isolate that readily consumes glucose, attaining impressive biomass, and oil production levels. However, neither thraustochytrid growth capabilities in the presence of xylose nor a xylose metabolic pathway has been described. The aims of this study were to identify and characterize the xylose metabolism pathway of T18 and, through genetic engineering, develop a strain capable of growth on hemicellulosic sugars. RESULTS Characterization of T18 performance in glucose/xylose media revealed diauxic growth and copious extracellular xylitol production. Furthermore, T18 did not grow in media containing xylose as the only carbon source. We identified, cloned, and functionally characterized a xylose isomerase. Transcriptomics indicated that this xylose isomerase gene is upregulated when xylose is consumed by the cells. Over-expression of the native xylose isomerase in T18, creating strain XI 16, increased xylose consumption from 5.2 to 7.6 g/L and reduced extracellular xylitol from almost 100% to 68%. Xylose utilization efficiency of this strain was further enhanced by over-expressing a heterologous xylulose kinase to reduce extracellular xylitol to 20%. Moreover, the ability to grow in media containing xylose as a sole sugar was dependent on the copy number of both xylose isomerase and xylulose kinase present. In fed-batch fermentations, the best xylose metabolizing isolate, XI-XK 7, used 137 g of xylose versus 39 g by wild type and produced more biomass and fatty acid. CONCLUSIONS The presence of a typically prokaryotic xylose isomerase and xylitol production through a typically eukaryotic xylose reductase pathway in T18 is the first report of an organism naturally encoding enzymes from two native xylose metabolic pathways. Our newly engineered strains pave the way for the growth of T18 on waste hemicellulosic feedstocks for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Holly Rasmussen
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4T6 Canada
| | - Denise M. Muise
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4T6 Canada
| | | | - Haila Kottwitz
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4T6 Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Tanner
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4T6 Canada
| | - Michael T. Milway
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4T6 Canada
| | - Laura M. Purdue
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4T6 Canada
| | - Mark A. Scaife
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4T6 Canada
| | - Roberto E. Armenta
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4T6 Canada
| | - David L. Woodhall
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4T6 Canada
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Thi Nguyen HY, Tran GB. Optimization of Fermentation Conditions and Media for Production of Glucose Isomerase from Bacillus megaterium Using Response Surface Methodology. SCIENTIFICA 2018; 2018:6842843. [PMID: 30245905 PMCID: PMC6139186 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6842843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucose isomerase is an enzyme widely used in food industry for producing high-fructose corn syrup. Many microbes, including Bacillus megaterium, have been found to be able to produce glucose isomerase. However, the number of studies of glucose isomerase production from Bacillus megaterium is limited. In this study, we establish the optimal medium components and culture conditions for Bacillus megaterium glucose isomerase production by evaluating the combined influence of multiple factors and different parameters via Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology in Modde 5.0 software. The optimized conditions, which were experimentally confirmed as follows: D-xylose (1.116%), K2HPO4 (0.2%), MgSO4·7H2O (0.1%), yeast extract (1.161%), peptone (1%), pH 7.0, inoculum size 20% (w/v), shaking 120 rpm at 36.528°C for 48 hours, give rise to production of highest activity of glucose isomerase (0.274 ± 0.003 U/mg biomass). These results provide additional important information for future development of large-scale glucose isomerase production by Bacillus megaterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Yen Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food-Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Go Vap, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Gia-Buu Tran
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food-Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Go Vap, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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34
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Kwan TH, Ong KL, Haque MA, Tang W, Kulkarni S, Lin CSK. High fructose syrup production from mixed food and beverage waste hydrolysate at laboratory and pilot scales. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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From a Sequential Chemo-Enzymatic Approach to a Continuous Process for HMF Production from Glucose. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8080335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Notably available from the cellulose contained in lignocellulosic biomass, glucose is a highly attractive substrate for eco-efficient processes towards high-value chemicals. A recent strategy for biomass valorization consists on combining biocatalysis and chemocatalysis to realise the so-called chemo-enzymatic or hybrid catalysis. Optimisation of the glucose conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is the object of many research efforts. HMF can be produced by chemo-catalyzed fructose dehydration, while fructose can be selectively obtained from enzymatic glucose isomerization. Despite recent advances in HMF production, a fully integrated efficient process remains to be demonstrated. Our innovative approach consists on a continuous process involving enzymatic glucose isomerization, selective arylboronic-acid mediated fructose complexation/transportation, and chemical fructose dehydration to HMF. We designed a novel reactor based on two aqueous phases dynamically connected via an organic liquid membrane, which enabled substantial enhancement of glucose conversion (70%) while avoiding intermediate separation steps. Furthermore, in the as-combined steps, the use of an immobilized glucose isomerase and an acidic resin facilitates catalyst recycling.
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36
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Mensah JB, Delidovich I, Hausoul PJC, Weisgerber L, Schrader W, Palkovits R. Mechanistic Studies of the Cu(OH) + -Catalyzed Isomerization of Glucose into Fructose in Water. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2579-2586. [PMID: 29885272 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The isomerization of glucose to fructose is a crucial interim step in the processing of biomass to renewable fuels and chemicals. This study investigates the copper-catalyzed glucose-fructose isomerization in water, focusing on insights into the roles of the dissolved copper species. Depending on the pH, the thermodynamic equilibrium shifted towards one or a few copper species, namely Cu2+ , Cu(OH)+ , and Cu(OH)2 . According to thermodynamics, the highest concentration of Cu(OH)+ is at pH 5.3, at which the highest fructose yield of 16 % is achieved. The obtained fructose yields strongly correlate with the concentration of Cu(OH)+ . A pH decrease of 2-3 units was observed during the reaction, resulting in the deactivation of the catalyst through hydrolysis in acidic media. Based on the results of the catalytic experiments, as well as spectroscopic and spectrometric studies, we propose Cu(OH)+ as an active Lewis-acidic species following an intramolecular 1,2-hydride shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel B Mensah
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Irina Delidovich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter J C Hausoul
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laurent Weisgerber
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schrader
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Regina Palkovits
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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37
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Isomerases and epimerases for biotransformation of pentoses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:7283-7292. [PMID: 29968034 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pentoses represent monosaccharides with five carbon atoms. They are organized into two main groups, aldopentoses and ketopentoses. There are eight aldopentoses and four ketopentoses and each ketopentose corresponds to two aldopentoses. Only D-xylose, D-ribose, and L-arabinose are natural sugars, but others belong to rare sugars that occur in very small quantities in nature. Recently, rare pentoses attract much attention because of their great potentials for commercial applications, especially as precursors of many important medical drugs. Pentoses Izumoring strategy provides a complete enzymatic approach to link all pentoses using four types of enzymes, including ketose 3-epimerases, aldose-ketose isomerases, polyol dehydrogenases, and aldose reductases. At least 10 types of epimerases and isomerases have been used for biotransformation of all aldopentoses and ketopentoses, and these enzymes are reviewed in detail in this article.
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38
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Bae JE, Hwang KY, Nam KH. Structural analysis of substrate recognition by glucose isomerase in Mn 2+ binding mode at M2 site in S. rubiginosus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:770-775. [PMID: 29909012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucose isomerase (GI) catalyzes the reversible enzymatic isomerization of d-glucose and d-xylose to d-fructose and d-xylulose, respectively. This is one of the most important enzymes in the production of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and biofuel. We recently determined the crystal structure of GI from S. rubiginosus (SruGI) complexed with a xylitol inhibitor in one metal binding mode. Although we assessed inhibitor binding at the M1 site, the metal binding at the M2 site and the substrate recognition mechanism for SruGI remains the unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of the two metal binding modes of SruGI and its complex with glucose. This study provides a snapshot of metal binding at the SruGI M2 site in the presence of Mn2+, but not in the presence of Mg2+. Metal binding at the M2 site elicits a configuration change at the M1 site. Glucose molecule can only bind to the M1 site in presence of Mn2+ at the M2 site. Glucose and Mn2+ at the M2 site were bridged by water molecules using a hydrogen bonding network. The metal binding geometry of the M2 site indicates a distorted octahedral coordination with an angle of 55-110°, whereas the M1 site has a relatively stable octahedral coordination with an angle of 85-95°. We suggest a two-step sequential process for SruGI substrate recognition, in Mn2+ binding mode, at the M2 site. Our results provide a better understanding of the molecular role of the M2 site in GI substrate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Bae
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Yeon Hwang
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Nam
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Van Driessche AES, Van Gerven N, Bomans PHH, Joosten RRM, Friedrich H, Gil-Carton D, Sommerdijk NAJM, Sleutel M. Molecular nucleation mechanisms and control strategies for crystal polymorph selection. Nature 2018; 556:89-94. [PMID: 29620730 DOI: 10.1038/nature25971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The formation of condensed (compacted) protein phases is associated with a wide range of human disorders, such as eye cataracts, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, sickle cell anaemia and Alzheimer's disease. However, condensed protein phases have their uses: as crystals, they are harnessed by structural biologists to elucidate protein structures, or are used as delivery vehicles for pharmaceutical applications. The physiochemical properties of crystals can vary substantially between different forms or structures ('polymorphs') of the same macromolecule, and dictate their usability in a scientific or industrial context. To gain control over an emerging polymorph, one needs a molecular-level understanding of the pathways that lead to the various macroscopic states and of the mechanisms that govern pathway selection. However, it is still not clear how the embryonic seeds of a macromolecular phase are formed, or how these nuclei affect polymorph selection. Here we use time-resolved cryo-transmission electron microscopy to image the nucleation of crystals of the protein glucose isomerase, and to uncover at molecular resolution the nucleation pathways that lead to two crystalline states and one gelled state. We show that polymorph selection takes place at the earliest stages of structure formation and is based on specific building blocks for each space group. Moreover, we demonstrate control over the system by selectively forming desired polymorphs through site-directed mutagenesis, specifically tuning intermolecular bonding or gel seeding. Our results differ from the present picture of protein nucleation, in that we do not identify a metastable dense liquid as the precursor to the crystalline state. Rather, we observe nucleation events that are driven by oriented attachments between subcritical clusters that already exhibit a degree of crystallinity. These insights suggest ways of controlling macromolecular phase transitions, aiding the development of protein-based drug-delivery systems and macromolecular crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E S Van Driessche
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nani Van Gerven
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul H H Bomans
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rick R M Joosten
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Heiner Friedrich
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - David Gil-Carton
- Structural Biology Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nico A J M Sommerdijk
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry and Center of Multiscale Electron Microscopy, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Sleutel
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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40
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de Mello MD, Tsapatsis M. Selective Glucose‐to‐Fructose Isomerization over Modified Zirconium UiO‐66 in Alcohol Media. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Dorneles de Mello
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota 421 Washington Avenue SE Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
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41
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Sewczyk T, Hoog Antink M, Maas M, Kroll S, Beutel S. Flow rate dependent continuous hydrolysis of protein isolates. AMB Express 2018; 8:18. [PMID: 29429128 PMCID: PMC5812119 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Food protein hydrolysates are often produced in unspecific industrial batch processes. The hydrolysates composition underlies process-related fluctuations and therefore the obtained peptide fingerprint and bioactive properties may vary. To overcome this obstacle and enable the production of specific hydrolysates with selected peptides, a ceramic capillary system was developed and characterized for the continuous production of a consistent peptide composition. Therefore, the protease Alcalase was immobilized on the surface of aminosilane modified yttria stabilized zirconia capillaries with a pore size of 1.5 µm. The loading capacity was 0.3 µg enzyme per mg of capillary with a residual enzyme activity of 43%. The enzyme specific peptide fingerprint produced with this proteolytic capillary reactor system correlated with the degree of hydrolysis, which can be controlled over the residence time by adjusting the flow rate. Common food proteins like casein, sunflower and lupin protein isolates were tested for continuous hydrolysis in the developed reactor system. The peptide formation was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Various trends were found for the occurrence of specific peptides. Some are just intermediately occurring, while others cumulate by time. Thus, the developed continuous reactor system enables the production of specific peptides with desired bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Sewczyk
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marieke Hoog Antink
- Advanced Ceramics, University Bremen, Am Biologischen Garten 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Maas
- Advanced Ceramics, University Bremen, Am Biologischen Garten 2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stephen Kroll
- Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites, Hochschule Hannover, Heisterbergallee 12, 30453, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha Beutel
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
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42
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Buß O, Rudat J, Ochsenreither K. FoldX as Protein Engineering Tool: Better Than Random Based Approaches? Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:25-33. [PMID: 30275935 PMCID: PMC6158775 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving protein stability is an important goal for basic research as well as for clinical and industrial applications but no commonly accepted and widely used strategy for efficient engineering is known. Beside random approaches like error prone PCR or physical techniques to stabilize proteins, e.g. by immobilization, in silico approaches are gaining more attention to apply target-oriented mutagenesis. In this review different algorithms for the prediction of beneficial mutation sites to enhance protein stability are summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of FoldX are highlighted. The question whether the prediction of mutation sites by the algorithm FoldX is more accurate than random based approaches is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Buß
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical Biology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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43
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Letsididi R, Hassanin HA, Koko MY, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W. Lactulose production by a thermostable glycoside hydrolase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Caldivirga maquilingensis IC-167. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:928-937. [PMID: 28703279 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactulose has various uses in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Thermostable enzymes have many advantages for industrial exploitation, including high substrate solubilities as well as reduced risk of process contamination. RESULTS Enzymatic synthesis of lactulose employing a transgalactosylation reaction by a recombinant thermostable glycoside hydrolase (GH1) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Caldivirga maquilingensis IC-167 was investigated. The optimal pH for lactulose production was found to be 4.5, while the optimal temperature was 85 °C, before it dropped moderately to 83% at 90 °C. However, the relative activity for lactulose synthesis dropped sharply to 35% at 95 °C. At optimal reaction conditions of 70% (w/w) initial sugar substrates with molar ratio of lactose to fructose of 1:4, 15 U mL-1 enzyme concentration and 85 °C, the time course reaction produced a maximum lactulose concentration of 108 g L-1 at 4 h, corresponding to a lactulose yield of 14% and 27 g L-1 h-1 productivity with 84% lactose conversion. The transgalactosylation reaction for lactulose synthesis was greatly influenced by the ratio of galactose donor to acceptor. CONCLUSION This novel GH1 may be useful for process applications owing to its high activity in very concentrated substrate reaction media and promising thermostability. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebaone Letsididi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Food Technology Research Centre, Kanye, Botswana
| | - Hinawi Am Hassanin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Marwa Yf Koko
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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44
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d-lyxose isomerase and its application for functional sugar production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:2051-2062. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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45
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Gabrielczyk J, Duensing T, Buchholz S, Schwinges A, Jördening HJ. A Comparative Study on Immobilization of Fructosyltransferase in Biodegradable Polymers by Electrospinning. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:847-862. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Norton A, Nguyen H, Xiao NL, Vlachos DG. Direct speciation methods to quantify catalytically active species of AlCl3in glucose isomerization. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17101-17109. [PMID: 35539252 PMCID: PMC9080408 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03088j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While homogeneous metal halides have been shown to catalyze glucose to fructose isomerization, direct experimental evidence in support of the catalytically active species remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Norton
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Hannah Nguyen
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Nicholas L. Xiao
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | - Dionisios G. Vlachos
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
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47
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Saburi W, Jaito N, Kato K, Tanaka Y, Yao M, Mori H. Biochemical and structural characterization of Marinomonas mediterranea d -mannose isomerase Marme_2490 phylogenetically distant from known enzymes. Biochimie 2018; 144:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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48
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Bae JE, Kim IJ, Nam KH. Crystal structure of glucose isomerase in complex with xylitol inhibitor in one metal binding mode. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:666-670. [PMID: 28865958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucose isomerase (GI) is an intramolecular oxidoreductase that interconverts aldoses and ketoses. These characteristics are widely used in the food, detergent, and pharmaceutical industries. In order to obtain an efficient GI, identification of novel GI genes and substrate binding/inhibition have been studied. Xylitol is a well-known inhibitor of GI. In Streptomyces rubiginosus, two crystal structures have been reported for GI in complex with xylitol inhibitor. However, a structural comparison showed that xylitol can have variable conformation at the substrate binding site, e.g., a nonspecific binding mode. In this study, we report the crystal structure of S. rubiginosus GI in a complex with xylitol and glycerol. Our crystal structure showed one metal binding mode in GI, which we presumed to represent the inactive form of the GI. The metal ion was found only at the M1 site, which was involved in substrate binding, and was not present at the M2 site, which was involved in catalytic function. The O2 and O4 atoms of xylitol molecules contributed to the stable octahedral coordination of the metal in M1. Although there was no metal at the M2 site, no large conformational change was observed for the conserved residues coordinating M2. Our structural analysis showed that the metal at the M2 site was not important when a xylitol inhibitor was bound to the M1 site in GI. Thus, these findings provided important information for elucidation or engineering of GI functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Bae
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 35398, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jung Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 35398, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Nam
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, 35398, Republic of Korea.
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Yaman S, Çalık P. Beet molasses-based feeding strategy enhances recombinant thermostable glucose isomerase production byEscherichia coliBL21 (DE3). Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 64:944-954. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sena Yaman
- Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Pınar Çalık
- Industrial Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory; Department of Chemical Engineering; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology; Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
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