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Qian D, Li J, Huang M, Cui Q, Liu X, Sun K. Dendritic cell vaccines in breast cancer: Immune modulation and immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114685. [PMID: 37058818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Although substantial progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, the efficacy and side effects of traditional treatment methods are still unsatisfactory. In recent years, immunotherapy including tumor vaccine has achieved great success in the treatment of BC. Dendritic cells (DCs) are multifunctional antigen-presenting cells that play an important role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Numerous studies have shown that DC-based treatments might have a potential effect on BC. Among them, the clinical study of DC vaccine in BC has demonstrated considerable anti-tumor effect, and some DC vaccines have entered the stage of clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory effects and related mechanisms of DC vaccine in breast cancer as well as the progress of clinical trials to propose possible challenges of DC vaccines and new development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Qian
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery-Hand Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China
| | - Mingyao Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Qiuxia Cui
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Cancer Center, Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Kailv Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu 215500, China.
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Wu G, Li L, Liu M, Chen C, Wang G, Jiang Z, Qin Y, He L, Li H, Cao J, Gu H. Therapeutic effect of a MUC1-specific monoclonal antibody-drug conjugates against pancreatic cancer model. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:417. [PMID: 36572921 PMCID: PMC9793597 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02839-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies without effective targeted therapies. MUC1 has emerged as a potential common target for cancer therapy because it is overexpressed in a variety of different cancers including the majority of pancreatic cancer. However, there are still no approved monoclonal antibody drugs targeting MUC1 have been reported. Recently, we generated a humanized MUC1 antibody (HzMUC1) specific to the interaction region between MUC1-N and MUC1-C. In this study, we generated the antibody drug conjugate (ADC) by conjugating HzMUC1 with monomethyl auristatin (MMAE), and examined the efficacy of HzMUC1-MMAE against the MUC1-positive pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Western blot and immunoprecipitation were used to detect MUC1 in pancreatic cancer cells. MUC1 localization in pancreatic cancer cells was determined by confocal microscopy. HzMUC1 was conjugated with the monomethyl auristatin (MMAE), generating the HzMUC1-MMAE ADC. Colony formation assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the effects of the HzMUC1-MMAE cell viability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Capan-2 and CFPAC-1 xenograft model were used to test the efficacy of HzMUC1-MMAE against pancreatic cancer. RESULTS HzMUC1 antibody binds to MUC1 on the cell surface of pancreatic cancer cells. HzMUC1-MMAE significantly inhibited cell growth by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Importantly, HzMUC1-MMAE significantly reduced the growth of pancreatic xenograft tumors by inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing cell death. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that HzMUC1-ADC is a promising novel targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer. HzMUC1-ADC should also be an effective drug for the treatment of different MUC1-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Lan Li
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Chunyan Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Guangze Wang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Zewei Jiang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Yaqian Qin
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 China
| | - Licai He
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Jiawei Cao
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
| | - Haihua Gu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer Pathogenesis and Translation, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035 China
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Li Z, Yang D, Guo T, Lin M. Advances in MUC1-Mediated Breast Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070952. [PMID: 35883508 PMCID: PMC9313386 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is the leading cause of death from malignant tumors among women. Fortunately, however, immunotherapy has recently become a prospective BRCA treatment with encouraging achievements and mild safety profiles. Since the overexpression and aberrant glycosylation of MUC1 (human mucin) are closely associated with BRCA, it has become an ideal target for BRCA immunotherapies. In this review, the structure and function of MUC1 are briefly introduced, and the main research achievements in different kinds of MUC1-mediated BRCA immunotherapy are highlighted, from the laboratory to the clinic. Afterward, the future directions of MUC1-mediated BRCA immunotherapy are predicted, addressing, for example, urgent issues in regard to how efficient immunotherapeutic strategies can be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Li
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Z.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dazhuang Yang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (Z.L.); (D.Y.)
| | - Ting Guo
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hospital 5 of Nantong University), Taizhou 225300, China;
| | - Mei Lin
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People’s Hospital (Affiliated Hospital 5 of Nantong University), Taizhou 225300, China;
- Correspondence:
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Wu G, Li L, Qiu Y, Sun W, Ren T, Lv Y, Liu M, Wang X, Tao H, Zhao L, Cao J, He L, Li H, Gu H. A novel humanized MUC1 antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1625-1639. [PMID: 34586349 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) has been regarded as an ideal target for cancer treatment, since it is overexpressed in a variety of different cancers including the majority of breast cancer. However, there are still no approved monoclonal antibody drugs targeting MUC1. In this study, we generated a humanized MUC1 (HzMUC1) antibody from our previously developed MUC1 mouse monoclonal antibody that only recognizes MUC1 on the surface of tumor cells. Furthermore, an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) was generated by conjugating HzMUC1 with monomethyl auristatin (MMAE), and the efficacy of HzMUC1-MMAE on the MUC1-positive HER2+ breast cancer in vitro and in 'Xenograft' model was tested. Results from western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation revealed that the HzMUC1 antibody did not recognize cell-free MUC1-N in sera from breast cancer patients. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that HzMUC1 antibody bound to MUC1 on the surface of breast cancer cells. Results from mapping experiments suggested that HzMUC1 may recognize an epitope present in the interaction region between MUC1-N and MUC1-C. Results from colony formation assay and flow cytometry demonstrated that HzMUC1-MMAE significantly inhibited cell growth by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, HzMUC1-MMAE significantly reduced the growth of HCC1954 xenograft tumors by inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing cell death. In conclusion, our results indicate that HzMUC1-ADC is a novel therapeutic drug that can overcome trastuzumab resistance of breast cancer. HzMUC1-ADC should also be an effective therapeutic drug for the treatment of different MUC1-positive cancers in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuxin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tianhao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yingshuai Lv
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mengnan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongqun Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lingjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiawei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Licai He
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Kumar AR, Devan AR, Nair B, Vinod BS, Nath LR. Harnessing the immune system against cancer: current immunotherapy approaches and therapeutic targets. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8075-8095. [PMID: 34671902 PMCID: PMC8605995 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving concept that has been given the tag "fifth pillar" of cancer therapy while radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery and targeted therapy remain the other four pillars. This involves the stimulation of the immune system to control tumor growth and it specifically targets the neoplastic cells rather than the normal cells. Conventional chemotherapy has many limitations which include drug resistance, recurrence of cancer and severe adverse effects. Immunology has made major treatment breakthroughs for several cancers such as colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia etc. Currently, therapeutic strategies harnessing the immune system involve Checkpoint inhibitors, Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells), Monoclonal antibodies, Cancer vaccines, Cytokines, Radio-immunotherapy and Oncolytic virus therapy. The molecular characterization of several tumor antigens (TA) indicates that these TA can be utilized as promising candidates in cancer immunotherapy strategies. Here in this review, we highlight and summarize the different categories of emerging cancer immunotherapies along with the immunologically recognized tumor antigens involved in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana R Kumar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Aswathy R Devan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Bhagyalakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Balachandran S Vinod
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kollam, Kerala, 691001, India.
| | - Lekshmi R Nath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala, 682041, India.
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6
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Liu D, Xu Y, Feng J, Yu J, Huang J, Li Z. Mucins and Tight Junctions are Severely Altered in Necrotizing Enterocolitis Neonates. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:1174-1180. [PMID: 32446259 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the expression levels of mucin 1 (MUC1), MUC2, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). STUDY DESIGN Intestinal specimens of surgical patients suffering from NEC (the NEC group) and intestinal specimens of patients with congenital intestinal atresia (the control group) were collected. Immunohistochemical changes in MUC1, MUC2, occludin, and ZO-1 were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Our study showed a significant decrease in the expression levels of MUC1 (p = 0.004), MUC2 (p = 0.001), occludin (p = 0.004), and ZO-1 (p = 0.013) in neonates suffering from NEC as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION Mucins and tight junctions are severely altered in NEC neonates. This finding might provide clues for rupture of the intestinal barrier. Further research is needed to investigate the gene expression as well as the exact mechanisms behind these changes. This will help us better understand the role of the intestinal barrier in NEC. KEY POINTS · Mucins and tight junctions are severely altered in NEC neonates.. · We first demonstrate that the expression levels of MUC1are obviously reduced in neonates suffering from NEC.. · Expression levels of MUC2, occludin, and ZO-1, are also significantly decreased in neonates suffering from NEC..
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Neonatology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhen Xu
- Department of Neonatology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Feng
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjie Huang
- Department of Neonatology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Li
- Department of Neonatology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen, 2nd Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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7
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CAR-T Cell Therapy-An Overview of Targets in Gastric Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061894. [PMID: 32560392 PMCID: PMC7355670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and, unfortunately, still has a high mortality rate. Recent research points to CAR-T immunotherapy as a promising treatment for this disease. Using genetically engineered T cells designed to target a previously selected antigen, researchers are able to harness the natural anti-tumor activity of T cells. For therapy to be successful, however, it is essential to choose antigens that are present on tumor cells but not on healthy cells. In this review, we present an overview of the most important targets for CAR-T therapy in the context of GC, including their biologic function and therapeutic application. A number of clinical studies point to the following as important markers in GC: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, carcinoembryonic antigen, mucin 1, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, claudin 18.2, mesothelin, natural-killer receptor group 2 member D, and folate receptor 1. Although these markers have been met with some success, the search for new and improved targets continues. Key among these novel biomarkers are the B7H6 ligand, actin-related protein 2/3 (ARP 2/3), neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), desmocollin 2 (DSC2), anion exchanger 1 (AF1), and cancer-related antigens CA-72-4 and CA-19-9.
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8
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Fung K, Vivier D, Keinänen O, Sarbisheh EK, Price EW, Zeglis BM. 89Zr-Labeled AR20.5: A MUC1-Targeting ImmunoPET Probe. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102315. [PMID: 32429033 PMCID: PMC7287814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression levels of the tumor-associated antigen MUC1 have been correlated with tumor aggressiveness, poor response to therapy, and poor survival in several tumor types, including breast, pancreatic, and epithelial ovarian cancer. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and in vivo evaluation of a novel radioimmunoconjugate for the immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging of MUC1 expression based on the AR20.5 antibody. To this end, we modified AR20.5 with the chelator desferrioxamine (DFO) and labeled it with the positron-emitting radiometal zirconium-89 (t1/2 ~3.3 d) to produce [89Zr]Zr-DFO-AR20.5. In subsequent in vivo experiments in athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous MUC1-expressing ovarian cancer xenografts, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-AR20.5 clearly delineated tumor tissue, producing a tumoral activity concentration of 19.1 ± 6.4 percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 120 h post-injection and a tumor-to-muscle activity concentration ratio of 42.4 ± 10.6 at the same time point. Additional PET imaging experiments in mice bearing orthotopic MUC1-expressing ovarian cancer xenografts likewise demonstrated that [89Zr]Zr-DFO-AR20.5 enables the visualization of tumor tissue-including metastatic lesions-with promising tumor-to-background contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Fung
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA; (K.F.); (D.V.); (O.K.)
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Delphine Vivier
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA; (K.F.); (D.V.); (O.K.)
| | - Outi Keinänen
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA; (K.F.); (D.V.); (O.K.)
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | - Eric W. Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B5, Canada; (E.K.S.); (E.W.P.)
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10021, USA; (K.F.); (D.V.); (O.K.)
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-896-0443; Fax: +1-212-772-5332
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Sublethal Radiation Affects Antigen Processing and Presentation Genes to Enhance Immunogenicity of Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072573. [PMID: 32272797 PMCID: PMC7178186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
While immunotherapy in cancer is designed to stimulate effector T cell response, tumor-associated antigens have to be presented on malignant cells at a sufficient level for recognition of cancer by T cells. Recent studies suggest that radiotherapy enhances the anti-cancer immune response and also improves the efficacy of immunotherapy. To understand the molecular basis of such observations, we examined the effect of ionizing X-rays on tumor antigens and their presentation in a set of nine human cell lines representing cancers of the esophagus, lung, and head and neck. A single dose of 7.5 or 15 Gy radiation enhanced the New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) tumor-antigen-mediated recognition of cancer cells by NY-ESO-1-specific CD8+ T cells. Irradiation led to significant enlargement of live cells after four days, and microscopy and flow cytometry revealed multinucleation and polyploidy in the cells because of dysregulated mitosis, which was also revealed in RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiles of cells. Transcriptome analyses also showed that while radiation had no universal effect on genes encoding tumor antigens, it upregulated the expression of numerous genes involved in antigen processing and presentation pathways in all cell lines. This effect may explain the immunostimulatory role of cancer radiotherapy.
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Kao D, Flores-Bocanegra L, Raja HA, Darveaux BA, Pearce CJ, Oberlies NH. New tricks for old dogs: Two new macrocyclic trichothecene epimers and absolute configuration of 16-hydroxyverrucarin B. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 172:112238. [PMID: 31931448 PMCID: PMC7050405 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Two new compounds, 3'-epi-16-hydroxyverrucarin A and 3'-epiverrucarin X, have been isolated and identified, and the characterization data of a series of known trichothecenes have been refined. The interesting structure and potent biological activities of macrocyclic trichothecenes have been of interest to the scientific community for several decades. However, some of the characterization data for the older analogues of this class are not well documented, either because of a lack of absolute configuration or a lack of clarity in the NMR data, largely due to technological limitations at the time they were discovered. NMR techniques, application of Mosher's esters analysis, and electronic circular dichroism were used here both to refine the characterization of known trichothecenes, as well as to uncover new structures. These studies demonstrate strategies that can be used to interrogate the characterization data of well-known secondary metabolites, thereby gaining greater insight into methods that can be used to refine previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kao
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402, United States
| | - Laura Flores-Bocanegra
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402, United States
| | - Huzefa A Raja
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402, United States
| | - Blaise A Darveaux
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Drive, Suite 103, Hillsborough, NC, 27278, United States
| | - Cedric J Pearce
- Mycosynthetix, Inc., 505 Meadowlands Drive, Suite 103, Hillsborough, NC, 27278, United States
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboro, NC, 27402, United States.
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Zamyatnin AA. Thematic Issue: Immuno-Oncology and Immunotherapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:693-694. [PMID: 31509721 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919070010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the use of immunotherapeutic approaches for creating new efficient therapeutic agents for cancer treatment is considered as one of the most promising areas in oncology. Despite significant advances in immuno-oncology during the recent years, some unresolved problems remain. The articles included in this thematic issue highlight the topical aspects of cancer immunotherapy by presenting different viewpoints of scientists, physicians, and drug developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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