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Ualiyeva D, Liu J, Dujsebayeva T, Li J, Tian L, Cai B, Zeng X, Guo X. Genetic Structure and Population History of the Zaisan Toad-Headed Agama ( Phrynocephalus melanurus) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:209. [PMID: 38254378 PMCID: PMC10812424 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The agamid lizard Phrynocephalus melanurus is restricted to Northwest China (Dzungar Basin) and the adjacent Eastern Kazakhstan (Zaisan and Alakol basins). To elucidate the phylogeography of P. melanurus, we obtained the mitochondrial DNA COI segments of 175 sampled lizards from 44 localities across the whole distribution. Phylogenetic analyses revealed two main Clades comprising five geographically structured lineages (I, IIa, IIb1, IIb2, and IIb3) that fit an isolation-by-distance (IBD) model. The divergence from the most recent common ancestor was dated to ~1.87 million years ago (Ma). Demographic analyses demonstrated lineage-specific response to past climate change: stable population for Clade I, Subclade IIb1; past population expansion for IIb3 since 0.18 Ma, respectively. Bayesian phylogeographic diffusion analyses detected initial spreading at the Saur Mount vicinity, approximately 1.8 Ma. Historical species distribution model (SDM) projected expansion of the suitable habitat in the last interglacial and shift and contraction in the last glacial maximum and Holocene epochs. The SDM predicted a drastic reduction in suitable area throughout the range as a response to future climate change. Our findings suggest that the evolution of P. melanurus followed a parapatric divergence with subsequent dispersal and adaptation to cold and dry environments during the Quaternary. Overall, this work improves our understanding of the lineage diversification and population dynamics of P. melanurus, providing further insights into the evolutionary processes that occurred in Northwest China and adjacent Eastern Kazakhstan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniya Ualiyeva
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Herpetology, Institute of Zoology CS MES RK, 93 al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan;
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Tatjana Dujsebayeva
- Laboratory of Ornithology and Herpetology, Institute of Zoology CS MES RK, 93 al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan;
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China;
| | - Lili Tian
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Cai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Xiaomao Zeng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
| | - Xianguang Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; (D.U.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (B.C.)
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Ganbold O, Purevee E, Khorloo M, Jargalsaikhan A, Khayankhyarvaa T, Ochirbat A, Purevdorj Z, Munkhbayar M. Strong Population Genetic Structure of Phrynocephalus versicolor in Mongolia. HERPETOLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-21-00012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onolragchaa Ganbold
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia
| | - Erdenetushig Purevee
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia
| | - Munkhbayar Khorloo
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia
| | - Ariunbold Jargalsaikhan
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia
| | - Terbish Khayankhyarvaa
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Mongolian National University, Ulaanbaatar 14200, Mongolia
| | - Altangoo Ochirbat
- School of Mathematics and Natural Science, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia
| | - Zoljargal Purevdorj
- Department of Forest Resource, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Munkhbaatar Munkhbayar
- Department of Biology, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar 14191, Mongolia
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Ebrahimipour F, Rastegar Pouyani N, Rastegar Pouyani E, Hosseinian Yousefkhani SS, Kamali K. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the
Phrynocephalus maculatus‐arabicus
species complex (Sauria: Agamidae) in Iran. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasrullah Rastegar Pouyani
- Department of Biology Faculty of Science Razi University Kermanshah Iran
- Iranian Plateau Herpetology Research Group (IPHRG) Faculty of Science Razi University Kermanshah Iran
| | | | - Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian Yousefkhani
- Department of Animal Science School of Biology Damghan University Damghan Iran
- School of Biology Institute of Biological Science Damghan University Damghan Iran
| | - Kamran Kamali
- Iranian Herpetological Studies Institute (IHSI) Tehran Iran
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Atlas JE, Fu J. A Re-Assessment of Positive Selection on Mitochondrial Genomes of High-Elevation Phrynocephalus Lizards. J Mol Evol 2021; 89:95-102. [PMID: 33486551 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-020-09991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to their integral roles in oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrially encoded proteins represent common targets of selection in response to altitudinal hypoxia across high-altitude taxa. While previous studies revealed evidence of positive selection on mitochondrial genomes of high-altitude Phrynocephalus lizards, their conclusions were restricted by out-of-date phylogenies and limited taxonomic sampling. Using topologies derived from both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA phylogenies, we re-assessed the evidence of positive selection on the mitochondrial genomes of high-altitude Phrynocephalus. We sampled representative species from all four main lineages and sequenced the mitochondrial genome of P. maculatus, a putative sister taxon to the high-altitude group. Positive selection was assessed through two widely used branch-site tests: the branch-site model in PAML and BUSTED in HyPhy. No evidence of positive selection on mitochondrial genes was detected on branches leading to two most recent common ancestors of high-altitude species; however, we recovered evidence of positive selection on COX1 on the P. forsythii branch, which represents a reversal from high- to low-elevation environments. A positively selected site therein marked a threonine to valine substitution at position 419. We suggest this bout of selection occurred as the ancestors of P. forsythii re-colonized lower altitude environments north of the Tibetan Plateau. Despite their role in oxidative phosphorylation, we posit that mitochondrial genes are unlikely to have represented historical targets of selection for high-altitude adaptation in Phrynocephalus. Consequently, future studies should address the roles of nuclear genes and differential gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared E Atlas
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jinzhong Fu
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Jing D, Guo J, Jiang Y, Zhao J, Sethi A, He K, Wang Z. Initial detections and spread of invasive Spodoptera frugiperda in China and comparisons with other noctuid larvae in cornfields using molecular techniques. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:780-790. [PMID: 31209955 PMCID: PMC7317731 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a species native to the Americas and has spread to many countries in Africa and Asia in recent years. Proactive actions for potential invasion of S. frugiperda to China coordinated by government agencies and agricultural extension systems resulted in timely detection in January 2019 in Yunnan province neighboring onto Myanmar. The extensive monitoring in southern provinces of China since February 2019 resulted in dynamic tracking of S. frugiperda spreading to 13 provincial regions in China within 4 months by May 10, 2019, which is crucial for timely management actions in the fields. The first detections of S. frugiperda (corn strain) in China were confirmed using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) genes molecular marker method. In addition to S. frugiperda, larvae of three other noctuid species with similar morphological appearance (S. litura, S. exigua and Mythimna separata) can occur simultaneously and cause similar damage in cornfields in southern China. Thus, we can use both morphological and molecular marker methods to compare larval stages of four noctuid species. Further, we discuss the risk of potential spread of invasive S. frugiperda to other regions and impact on corn production in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da‐Peng Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jing‐Fei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Ying Jiang
- China National AgroTech Extension and Service CenterBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Kang‐Lai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhen‐Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Jing D, Zhang T, Bai S, He K, Prabu S, Luan J, Wang Z. Sexual-biased gene expression of olfactory-related genes in the antennae of Conogethes pinicolalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:244. [PMID: 32188403 PMCID: PMC7081556 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conogethes pinicolalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is similar to Conogethes punctiferalis (yellow peach moth) and its host plant is gymnosperms, especially for masson pine. So far, less literature was reported on this pest. In the present study, we sequenced and characterized the antennal transcriptomes of male and female C. pinicolalis for the first time. RESULTS Totally, 26 odorant-binding protein (OBP) genes, 19 chemosensory protein (CSP) genes, 55 odorant receptor (OR) genes and 20 ionotropic receptor (IR) genes were identified from the C. pinicolalis antennae transcriptome and amino sequences were annotated against homologs of C. punctiferalis. The neighbor-joining tree indicated that the amino acid sequence of olfactory related genes is highly homologous with C. punctiferalis. Furthermore, the reference genes were selected, and we recommended the phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH) or ribosomal protein 49 gene (RP49) to verify the target gene expression during larval development stages and RP49 or ribosomal protein L13 gene (RPL13) for adult tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a starting point on the molecular level characterization between C. pinicolalis and C. punctiferalis, which might be supportive for pest management studies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161 China
| | - Tiantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shuxiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Sivaprasath Prabu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Junbo Luan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161 China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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SINERVO B, MILES DB, WU Y, MÉNDEZ-DE LA CRUZ FR, KIRCHHOF S, QI Y. Climate change, thermal niches, extinction risk and maternal-effect rescue of toad-headed lizards, Phrynocephalus
, in thermal extremes of the Arabian Peninsula to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Integr Zool 2018; 13:450-470. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry SINERVO
- The Institute for the Study of the Ecological and Evolutionary Climate Impacts, University of California, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Donald B. MILES
- Department of Biological Sciences; Ohio University; Athens Ohio USA
| | - Yayong WU
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Fausto R. MÉNDEZ-DE LA CRUZ
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Institute of Biology; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Mexico City Mexico
| | - Sebastian KIRCHHOF
- Museum of Natural History, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, and Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); Berlin Germany
| | - Yin QI
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu Sichuan China
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Abstract
Based on morphological and genetic evidence we evaluated the taxonomic status of a newly discovered forest-dwelling population of skink (genus Scincella) from the Keo Seima Wildlife Sanctuary, Mondulkiri Province, Cambodia. From phylogenetic analysis of a 668-bp fragment of the mtDNA COI and diagnostic morphological characters we allocate the newly discovered population to the Scincella reevesii–S. rufocaudata species complex and describe it as Scincella nigrofasciatasp. nov. The new skink species can be distinguished from all other Southeast Asian congeners by the following combination of morphological characters: snout-vent length (SVL) 40.0–52.6 mm; relative tail length (TaL/SVL ratio) 1.25–1.94; prefrontals in broad contact; infralabials 6; primary temporals 2; relative forelimb length (FIL/SVL ratio) 0.20–0.22; relative hindlimb length (HIL/SVL ratio) 0.30–0.33; relative forearm length (FoL/SVL ratio) 0.14–0.16; adpressed forelimbs and hind limbs either overlapping (0.4–2.2 mm) or separated (1.9–2.3 mm); midbody scale rows 32–33, paravertebral scales 69–74, vertebral scales 65–69; dorsal scales between dorsolateral stripes 8; comparatively slender fingers and toes, subdigital lamellae under fourth toe 15–17; dark discontinuous regular dorsal stripes 5–7; distinct black dorsolateral stripes, narrowing to lateral sides and extending to 52%–86% of total tail length. We provide additional information on the holotype of Scincella rufocaudata (Darevsky & Nguyen, 1983), and provide evidence for the species status of Scincella rupicola. Our discovery brings the number of Scincella species in Cambodia to five and emphasizes the incompleteness of knowledge on the herpetofaunal diversity of this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thy Neang
- Wild Earth Allies, Sk. Phnom Penh Thmei, Kh. Sen Sok, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; E-mail:
| | - Somaly Chan
- Ministry of Environment, Sk. Tonle Bassac, Kh. Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nikolay A Poyarkov
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia.,Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Centre, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam; E-mail:
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Solovyeva EN, Dunayev EN, Nazarov RA, Mehdi Radjabizadeh, Poyarkov NA. Molecular and morphological differentiation of Secret Toad-headed agama, Phrynocephalus mystaceus, with the description of a new subspecies from Iran (Reptilia, Agamidae). Zookeys 2018:97-129. [PMID: 29674917 PMCID: PMC5904387 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.748.20507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphological and genetic variation of a wide-ranging Secret Toad-headed agama, Phrynocephalusmystaceus that inhabits sand deserts of south-eastern Europe, Middle East, Middle Asia, and western China is reviewed. Based on the morphological differences and high divergence in COI (mtDNA) gene sequences a new subspecies of Ph.mystaceus is described from Khorasan Razavi Province in Iran. Partial sequences of COI mtDNA gene of 31 specimens of Ph.mystaceus from 17 localities from all major parts of species range were analyzed. Genetic distances show a deep divergence between Ph.mystaceuskhorasanusssp. n. from Khorasan Razavi Province and all other populations of Ph.mystaceus. The new subspecies can be distinguished from other populations of Ph.mystaceus by a combination of several morphological features. Molecular and morphological analyses do not support the validity of other Ph.mystaceus subspecies described from Middle Asia and Caspian basin. Geographic variations in the Ph.mystaceus species complex and the status of previously described subspecies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya N Solovyeva
- Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya st. 2, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Evgeniy N Dunayev
- Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya st. 2, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Roman A Nazarov
- Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya st. 2, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Mehdi Radjabizadeh
- Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Science, International Center for Science, High Technology and Environmental Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nikolay A Poyarkov
- Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya st. 2, Moscow 125009, Russia
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Solovyeva EN, Lebedev VS, Dunayev EA, Nazarov RA, Bannikova AA, Che J, Murphy RW, Poyarkov NA. Cenozoic aridization in Central Eurasia shaped diversification of toad-headed agamas ( Phrynocephalus; Agamidae, Reptilia). PeerJ 2018; 6:e4543. [PMID: 29576991 PMCID: PMC5863718 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize the phylogenetic relationships of the agamid genus Phrynocephalus to assess how past environmental changes shaped the evolutionary and biogeographic history of these lizards and especially the impact of paleogeography and climatic factors. Phrynocephalus is one of the most diverse and taxonomically confusing lizard genera. As a key element of Palearctic deserts, it serves as a promising model for studies of historical biogeography and formation of arid habitats in Eurasia. We used 51 samples representing 33 of 40 recognized species of Phrynocephalus covering all major areas of the genus. Molecular data included four mtDNA (COI, ND2, ND4, Cytb; 2,703 bp) and four nuDNA protein-coding genes (RAG1, BDNF, AKAP9, NKTR; 4,188 bp). AU-tests were implemented to test for significant differences between mtDNA- and nuDNA-based topologies. A time-calibrated phylogeny was estimated using a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock with nine fossil calibrations. We reconstructed the ancestral area of origin, biogeographic scenarios, body size, and the evolution of habitat preference. Phylogenetic analyses of nuDNA genes recovered a well-resolved and supported topology. Analyses detected significant discordance with the less-supported mtDNA genealogy. The position of Phrynocephalus mystaceus conflicted greatly between the two datasets. MtDNA introgression due to ancient hybridization best explained this result. Monophyletic Phrynocephalus contained three main clades: (I) oviparous species from south-western and Middle Asia; (II) viviparous species of Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP); and (III) oviparous species of the Caspian Basin, Middle and Central Asia. Phrynocephalus originated in late Oligocene (26.9 Ma) and modern species diversified during the middle Miocene (14.8–13.5 Ma). The reconstruction of ancestral areas indicated that Phrynocephalus originated in Middle East–southern Middle Asia. Body size miniaturization likely occurred early in the history of Phrynocephalus. The common ancestor of Phrynocephalus probably preferred sandy substrates with the inclusion of clay or gravel. The time of Agaminae radiation and origin of Phrynocephalus in the late Oligocene significantly precedes the landbridge between Afro-Arabia and Eurasia in the Early Miocene. Diversification of Phrynocephalus coincides well with the mid-Miocene climatic transition when a rapid cooling of climate drove progressing aridification and the Paratethys salinity crisis. These factors likely triggered the spreading of desert habitats in Central Eurasia, which Phrynocephalus occupied. The origin of the viviparous Tibetan clade has been associated traditionally with uplifting of the QTP; however, further studies are needed to confirm this. Progressing late Miocene aridification, the decrease of the Paratethys Basin, orogenesis, and Plio–Pleistocene climate oscillations likely promoted further diversification within Phrynocephalus. We discuss Phrynocephalus taxonomy in scope of the new analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evgeniy A Dunayev
- Zoological Museum, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Nazarov
- Zoological Museum, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A Bannikova
- Biological Faculty, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Robert W Murphy
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nikolay A Poyarkov
- Biological Faculty, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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