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He WS, Zhao L, Sui J, Li X, Huang S, Ding H, Zhu H, Chen ZY. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Novel Antioxidant Octacosanol Lipoate and Its Antioxidant Potency in Sunflower Oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39289871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c07240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid possesses remarkable antioxidant activity; however, its poor lipid solubility greatly restricts its practical utilization. The present study was the first (i) to synthesize a novel lipophilic antioxidant of octacosanol lipoate and (ii) to assess its antioxidant potency in sunflower oil by hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. In brief, octacosanol lipoate was successfully synthesized using octacosanol and lipoic acid as substrates and Candida sp. 99-125 lipase as a catalyst. The conversion of octacosanol lipoate could reach as high as 98.1% within merely 2 h, with an overall yield of 87.9%. The hydrophobicity of lipoic acid was significantly enhanced upon esterification with octacosanol. Interestingly, both traditional methods and 1H NMR analysis consistently indicated that octacosanol lipoate exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared with butyl hydroxytoluene at high temperatures. It was concluded that octacosanol lipoate has the potential to be developed into a safe and efficient natural antioxidant which can be utilized not only in daily cooking oils but also in frying oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Liying Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jiawei Sui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xian Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Shouhe Huang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huafang Ding
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Li J, Yang Y, Hu W, Xia X, Wang D. Catalytic Synthesis of Pyrazine and Ketone Derivatives by Unsymmetrical Triazolyl-Naphthyridinyl-Pyridine Copper. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hošek J, Kos J, Strhársky T, Černá L, Štarha P, Vančo J, Trávníček Z, Devínsky F, Jampílek J. Investigation of Anti-Inflammatory Potential of N-Arylcinnamamide Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:E4531. [PMID: 31835703 PMCID: PMC6943612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of sixteen ring-substituted N-arylcinnamanilides, previously described as highly antimicrobially effective against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi, together with two new derivatives from this group were prepared and characterized. Moreover, the molecular structure of (2E)-N-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide as a model compound was determined using single-crystal X-ray analysis. All the compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory potential, and most tested compounds significantly attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation and were more potent than the parental cinnamic acid. (2E)-N-[2-Chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide, (2E)-N-(2,6-dibromophenyl)- 3-phenylprop-2-enamide, and (2E)-N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide demonstrated the highest inhibition effect on transcription factor NF-κB at the concentration of 2 µM and showed a similar effectiveness as the reference drug prednisone. Several compounds also decreased the level of TNF-α. Nevertheless, subsequent tests showed that the investigated compounds affect neither IκBα level nor MAPKs activity, which suggests that the N-arylcinnamanilides may have a different mode of action to prednisone. The modification of the C(2,5)' or C(2,6)' positions of the anilide core by rather lipophilic and bulky moieties seems to be preferable for the anti-inflammatory potential of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hošek
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.K.); (T.S.); (L.Č.); (P.Š.); (J.V.); (Z.T.)
| | - Jiří Kos
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.K.); (T.S.); (L.Č.); (P.Š.); (J.V.); (Z.T.)
| | - Tomáš Strhársky
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.K.); (T.S.); (L.Č.); (P.Š.); (J.V.); (Z.T.)
| | - Lucie Černá
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.K.); (T.S.); (L.Č.); (P.Š.); (J.V.); (Z.T.)
| | - Pavel Štarha
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.K.); (T.S.); (L.Č.); (P.Š.); (J.V.); (Z.T.)
| | - Ján Vančo
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.K.); (T.S.); (L.Č.); (P.Š.); (J.V.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.K.); (T.S.); (L.Č.); (P.Š.); (J.V.); (Z.T.)
| | - Ferdinand Devínsky
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Josef Jampílek
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular Magnets, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.K.); (T.S.); (L.Č.); (P.Š.); (J.V.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Investigation of Hydro-Lipophilic Properties of N-Alkoxyphenylhydroxynaphthalenecarboxamides †. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071635. [PMID: 29973562 PMCID: PMC6099728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the lipophilic characteristics of biologically active agents is indispensable for the rational design of ADMET-tailored structure⁻activity models. N-Alkoxy-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, N-alkoxy-1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, and N-alkoxy-2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxanilides were recently reported as a series of compounds with antimycobacterial, antibacterial, and herbicidal activity. As it was found that the lipophilicity of these biologically active agents determines their activity, the hydro-lipophilic properties of all three series were investigated in this study. All 57 anilides were analyzed using the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the measurement of lipophilicity. The procedure was performed under isocratic conditions with methanol as an organic modifier in the mobile phase using an end-capped non-polar C18 stationary reversed-phase column. In the present study, a range of software lipophilicity predictors for the estimation of clogP values of a set of N-alkoxyphenylhydroxynaphthalenecarboxamides was employed and subsequently cross-compared with experimental parameters. Thus, the empirical values of lipophilicity (logk) and the distributive parameters (π) were compared with the corresponding in silico characteristics that were calculated using alternative methods for deducing the lipophilic features. To scrutinize (dis)similarities between the derivatives, a PCA procedure was applied to visualize the major differences in the performance of molecules with respect to their lipophilic profile, molecular weight, and violations of Lipinski’s Rule of Five.
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Chalcones and their pyrazine analogs: synthesis, inhibition of aldose reductase, antioxidant activity, and molecular docking study. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Opletalova V, Dolezel J, Kunes J, Buchta V, Vejsova M, Kucerova-Chlupacova M. Synthesis and Antifungal Screening of 2-{[1-(5-Alkyl/arylalkylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazono}-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111592. [PMID: 27886119 PMCID: PMC6274558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel thiosemicarbazones and eight novel 2-{[1-(5-alkyl/arylalkylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazono}-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones were prepared and tested against a panel of eight fungal strains–Candida albicans ATCC 44859, Candida tropicalis 156, Candida krusei E 28, Candida glabrata 20/I, Trichosporon asahii 1188, Aspergillus fumigatus 231, Lichtheimia corymbifera 272, and Trichophyton interdigitale 445. 1,3-Thiazolidin-4-ones exhibited activity against all strains, the most potent derivative was 2-{[1-(5-butylpyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene]hydrazono}e-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one. Susceptibility of C. glabrata to the studied 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were in the range 0.57 to 2.78 mg/L) is of great interest as this opportunistic pathogen is poorly susceptible to azoles and becomes resistant to echinocandins. Antifungal potency of thiosemicarbazones was slightly lower than that of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Opletalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Dolezel
- GlaxoSmithKline, Hvezdova 1734/2c, 140 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Kunes
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Buchta
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcela Vejsova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Marta Kucerova-Chlupacova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Kucerova-Chlupacova M, Vyskovska-Tyllova V, Richterova-Finkova L, Kunes J, Buchta V, Vejsova M, Paterova P, Semelkova L, Jandourek O, Opletalova V. Novel Halogenated Pyrazine-Based Chalcones as Potential Antimicrobial Drugs. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111421. [PMID: 27801810 PMCID: PMC6273737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones, i.e., compounds with the chemical pattern of 1,3-diphenylprop-2-en-1-ones, exert a wide range of bio-activities, e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-infective etc. Our research group has been focused on pyrazine analogues of chalcones; several series have been synthesized and tested in vitro on antifungal and antimycobacterial activity. The highest potency was exhibited by derivatives with electron withdrawing groups (EWG) in positions 2 and 4 of the ring B. As halogens also have electron withdrawing properties, novel halogenated derivatives were prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation. All compounds were submitted for evaluation of their antifungal and antibacterial activity, including their antimycobacterial effect. In the antifungal assay against eight strains of selected fungi, growth inhibition of Candida glabrata and Trichophyton interdigitale (formerly T. mentagrophytes) was shown by non-alkylated derivatives with 2-bromo or 2-chloro substitution. In the panel of selected bacteria, 2-chloro derivatives showed the highest inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus sp. In addition, all products were also screened for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV My 331/88, M. kansasii My 235/80, M. avium 152/80 and M. smegmatis CCM 4622. Some of the examined compounds, inhibited growth of M. kansasii and M. smegmatis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) comparable with those of isoniazid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kucerova-Chlupacova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Vyskovska-Tyllova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Richterova-Finkova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Kunes
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Buchta
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcela Vejsova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Paterova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucia Semelkova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Jandourek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Opletalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Kucerova-Chlupacova M, Kunes J, Buchta V, Vejsova M, Opletalova V. Novel pyrazine analogs of chalcones: synthesis and evaluation of their antifungal and antimycobacterial activity. Molecules 2015; 20:1104-17. [PMID: 25587786 PMCID: PMC6272410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20011104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis and invasive mycoses, represent serious health problems. As a part of our long-term efforts to find new agents for the treatment of these diseases, a new series of pyrazine analogs of chalcones bearing an isopropyl group in position 5 of the pyrazine ring was prepared. The structures of the compounds were corroborated by IR and NMR spectroscopy and their purity confirmed by elemental analysis. The susceptibility of eight fungal strains to the studied compounds was tested. The results have been compared with the activity of some previously reported propyl derivatives. The only strain that was susceptible to the studied compounds was Trichophyton mentagrophytes. It was found that replacing a non-branched propyl with a branched isopropyl did not have a decisive and unequivocal influence on the in vitro antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes. In vitro activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes comparable with that of fluconazole was exhibited by nitro-substituted derivatives. Unfortunately, no compound exhibited efficacy comparable with that of terbinafine, which is the most widely used agent for treating mycoses caused by dermatophytes. Some of the prepared compounds were assayed for antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. The highest potency was also displayed by nitro-substituted compounds. The results of the present study are in a good agreement with our previous findings and confirm the positive influence of electron-withdrawing groups on the B-ring of chalcones on the antifungal and antimycobacterial activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kucerova-Chlupacova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Kunes
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Buchta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Marcela Vejsova
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Opletalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Opletalova V, Dolezel J, Kralova K, Pesko M, Kunes J, Jampilek J. Synthesis and characterization of (Z)-5-arylmethylidene-rhodanines with photosynthesis-inhibiting properties. Molecules 2011; 16:5207-27. [PMID: 21697777 PMCID: PMC6264177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16065207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of rhodanine derivatives was prepared. The synthetic approach, analytical and spectroscopic data of all synthesized compounds are presented. Lipophilicity of all the discussed rhodanine derivatives was analyzed using the RP-HPLC method. The compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts and reduce chlorophyll content in freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris. Structure-activity relationships between the chemical structure, physical properties and biological activities of the evaluated compounds are discussed. For majority of the tested compounds the lipophilicity of the compound and not electronic properties of the R1 substituent were decisive for PET-inhibiting activity. The most potent PET inhibitor was (5Z)-5-(4-bromobenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (IC50 = 3.0 μmol/L) and the highest antialgal activity was exhibited by (5Z)-5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (IC50 = 1.3 μmol/L).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Opletalova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (V.O.); (J.J.); Tel.: +420495067372 (V.O.); Tel.: +420776722508 (J.J.)
| | - Jan Dolezel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kralova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina Ch-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Matus Pesko
- Department of Ecosozology and Physiotactics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina Ch-2, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jiri Kunes
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: (V.O.); (J.J.); Tel.: +420495067372 (V.O.); Tel.: +420776722508 (J.J.)
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Manlove A, Groziak MP. Chapter 6.2: Six-Membered Ring Systems: Diazines and Benzo Derivatives. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(09)70040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Opletalová V, Kalinowski DS, Vejsová M, Kunes J, Pour M, Jampílek J, Buchta V, Richardson DR. Identification and characterization of thiosemicarbazones with antifungal and antitumor effects: cellular iron chelation mediating cytotoxic activity. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1878-89. [PMID: 18698850 DOI: 10.1021/tx800182k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones derived from acetylpyrazines were prepared by condensing an acetylpyrazine or a ring-substituted acetylpyrazine with thiosemicarbazide. Using the same procedure, N, N-dimethylthiosemicarbazones were synthesized from acetylpyrazines and N, N-dimethylthiosemicarbazide. A total of 20 compounds (16 novel) were chemically characterized and then tested for antifungal effects on eight strains of fungi and also for antitumor activity against SK-N-MC neuroepithelioma cells. The most effective compound identified in terms of both antifungal and antitumor activity was N, N-dimethyl-2-(1-pyrazin-2-ylethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (5a). The mechanism of action of this and its related thiosemicarbazones was due, at least in part, to its ability to act as a tridentate ligand that binds metal ions. This was deduced from preparation of the related thiosemicarbazones [acetophenone thiosemicarbazone (6) and acetophenone N, N-dimethylthiosemicarbazone (7)] that do not possess a coordinating ring-N, which plays a vital role in metal ion chelation. Furthermore, 5a and several other thiosemicarbazones that showed high antiproliferative activity were demonstrated to have marked iron (Fe) chelation efficacy. In fact, these agents were highly effective at mobilizing (59)Fe from prelabeled SK-N-MC cells and preventing (59)Fe uptake from the serum Fe transport protein, transferrin. In contrast, compounds 6 and 7 that do not possess a tridentate metal-binding site showed little activity. Further studies examining ascorbate oxidation demonstrated that the Fe complexes of the most effective compounds were redox-inactive. Thus, in contrast to other thiosemicarbazones with potent antiproliferative activity, Fe chelation and mobilization rather than free radical generation played a significant role in the cytotoxic effects of the current ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Opletalová
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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