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Dzidzishvili L, Fernández-Valle ME, Moreno Molera D, Calvo E, López-Torres II. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging can predict osteoarthritic progression after medial meniscus posterior root injury: randomized in vivo experimental study in a rabbit model. J ISAKOS 2024; 9:526-533. [PMID: 38583525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2024.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The field of meniscal root preservation has undergone significant advancement over the past decades; however, the challenge remains to fully understand whether meniscal root repair can ultimately arrest or delay osteoarthritic changes. OBJECTIVE To assess longitudinal changes in articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and progression to meniscal extrusion (ME) using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Medial meniscus posterior root tear was surgically induced in 39 New Zealand white rabbits. Animals were randomly assigned into three experimental groups: partial meniscectomy after root tear (PM, n = 13); root tear left in situ (CT, n = 13); and transtibial root repair (RR, n = 13). Contralateral limbs were used as healthy controls. High resolution 4.7 Tesla MRI of the knee joint was performed at baseline, after 2-, and 4-months of post-surgery. Cartilage thickness was calculated in medial and lateral compartments. In addition, the evaluation of ME, subchondral bone edema and healing potential after root repair were assessed too. RESULTS Progressive cartilage thinning, ME, and subchondral bone edema were evident in all 3 study groups after 4-months of follow-up. The mean cartilage thickness in the PM group was 0.53 mm (±0.050), 0.57 mm (±0.05) in the CT group, and 0.60 mm (±0.08) in the RR group. The PM group exhibited significantly higher cartilage loss when compared to the CT and RR groups (p < 0.001). Moreover, progressive ME and subchondral bone edema were associated with a more severe cartilage loss at the final follow-up. CONCLUSION Meniscal root repair did not halt but rather reduced the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative changes worsened at a rapid rate in the PM group compared to the RR and CT groups. Early cartilage swelling, persistent subchondral edema, and progressive ME predicted a more severe progression to knee OA in the CT and RR groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Dzidzishvili
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. De los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - David Moreno Molera
- Bioimaging Research Support Center- Universidad Complutense Madrid, Paseo Juan XXIII, 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Calvo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. De los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Isabel López-Torres
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. De los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Dzidzishvili L, Calvo E, López-Torres II. Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair Reduces but Does Not Avoid Histologic Progression of Osteoarthritis: Randomized In Vivo Experimental Study in a Rabbit Model. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:2964-2974. [PMID: 37589243 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231188527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment option for meniscus root tears is still challenging, and whether the meniscus root repair ultimately can arrest or delay osteoarthritic changes is still a concern. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was 2-fold: (1) to describe and compare histopathologic findings of 3 different therapeutic options for medial meniscus posterior root tear: nonoperative management, partial meniscectomy, and meniscus root repair; and (2) to test the hypothesis that meniscus root tears treated nonoperatively predispose to a lower risk of osteoarthritic progression compared with partial meniscectomy. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Posteromedial meniscus root tears were carried out in 39 New Zealand White rabbits. Animals were randomly assigned into 3 experimental groups: partial meniscectomy after root tear (PM; n = 13), root tears treated conservatively (CT; n = 13), and transtibial root repair (RR; n = 13). Contralateral limbs were used as healthy controls. The animals were euthanized at 16 weeks postoperatively; tissue samples of femoral and tibial articular cartilage were collected and processed for macro- and microscopic assessment to detect signs of early osteoarthritis (OA). Each sample was histopathologically assessed using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International grading and staging system. RESULTS Osteoarthritic changes were the hallmark in all 3 experimental groups. The RR group had the lowest scores for cartilage damage (mean, 2.5; range, 2-3), and the PM group exhibited higher and more severe signs of OA (mean, 16; range, 9-16) compared with the CT group (mean, 5; range, 4-6). The between-group comparison revealed significant differences, as the PM group showed a significantly higher rate of macro- and microscopic osteoarthritic changes compared with the RR (P < .001) and CT (P < .001) groups. The weightbearing area of the medial femoral condyle was the most severely affected, and tidemark disruption was evident in all tissue samples. CONCLUSION Meniscus root repair cannot completely arrest the histopathologic progression of knee OA but leads to significantly less severe degenerative changes than partial meniscectomy and nonoperative treatment. Partial meniscectomy leads to the most severe osteoarthritic progression, while stable radial tears left in situ have lower progression compared with partial meniscectomy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Histologic assessment is an essential tool and metric for guiding and understanding osteoarthritic features, providing insight into the disease development and progression. This study provides histopathologic evidence on osteoarthritic progression after medial meniscus posterior root repair. This knowledge can help to set more realistic expectations and can lead to the future development of augmented techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Dzidzishvili
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Calvo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Isabel López-Torres
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Dzidzishvili L, López-Torres II, Guerrero CC, Calvo E. Developing an experimental model of early knee osteoarthritis after medial meniscus posterior root release: an in vivo study. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:66. [PMID: 35810237 PMCID: PMC9271147 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To develop a predictable and reproducible model of knee osteoarthritis after medial meniscus posterior root release. Methods Posteromedial meniscal root tears were created in 12 White New Zealand rabbit knees. The contralateral limbs were used as healthy controls. The animals were euthanized at 16 weeks postoperatively; tissue samples of femoral and tibial articular cartilage were collected and processed for macro and microscopic analyses to detect signs of early degeneration. Clinical evaluation of the weight-bearing status on the affected knee was conducted at 0-, 4-, 8-, and 16-weeks postoperatively. Results Early and severe osteoarthritic changes were the hallmark and the main findings after 16-weeks post-surgery. Macroscopically, extensive osteoarthritic changes were observed across the femoral condyle and tibial plateau. Microscopic finding included ulcerations, fissures, fibrillations, pitting, and loss of the superficial layer. Cellularity was diminished, the normal pattern of distribution in columns was lost, and subchondral bone exposure was also evident. Conclusions This study describes a novel model of knee osteoarthritis that may guide the development of tailored interventions to delay or prevent knee osteoarthritis. This knowledge could shift the current treatment paradigm toward more conservative and knee salvageable treatment options and increase surgeons’ awareness of this injury pattern. Such considerations may have a positive impact on clinical decision-making and subsequent patient-reported clinical outcomes. Design Controlled laboratory study. Level of evidence II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Dzidzishvili
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. De los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irene Isabel López-Torres
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. De los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Carnero Guerrero
- Animal Core Facility Manager, Experimental Surgery Department and Animal Core Facility, IIS- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. De los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Calvo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. De los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Zou M, Chi J, Jiang Z, Zhang W, Hu H, Ju R, Liu C, Xu T, Wang S, Feng Z, Liu W, Han B. Functional thermosensitive hydrogels based on chitin as RIN-m5F cell carrier for the treatment of diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:453-466. [PMID: 35247418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the thermosensitive hydroxypropyl chitin (HPCT) hydrogel was prepared and the chemical structures, microstructures, rheological properties and degradation in vitro were investigated. The HPCT hydrogel possessed satisfactory biocompatibility in mouse fibroblast cells and Sprague Dawley rats. On the other hand, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) provided favorable capacity for promoting cell proliferation, delaying cell apoptosis, and facilitating the insulin secretion of rat pancreatic beta cells (RIN-m5F) in three-dimensional culture. Most importantly, the effects of HPCT/NAG and HPCT/CMCS thermosensitive hydrogels as RIN-m5F cells carriers were evaluated via injection into different areas of diabetic rats. Our results demonstrated that HPCT/NAG and HPCT/CMCS hydrogels loaded RIN-m5F cells could keep cells survival, maintain insulin secretion and reduce blood glucose for one week. Overall, the functional thermosensitive hydrogels based on HPCT were effective cell carriers for RIN-m5F cells and might provide novel strategy for the treatment of diabetes via cell engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Zou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jinhua Chi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Jiang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Huiwen Hu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ruibao Ju
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Chenqi Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhilong Feng
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Wanshun Liu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Baoqin Han
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomedical Materials, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, PR China.
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Inflammation-Modulating Hydrogels for Osteoarthritis Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020419. [PMID: 32059502 PMCID: PMC7072320 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of the joint disease associated with age, obesity, and traumatic injury. It is a disabling degenerative disease that affects synovial joints and leads to cartilage deterioration. Despite the prevalence of this disease, the understanding of OA pathophysiology is still incomplete. However, the onset and progression of OA are heavily associated with the inflammation of the joint. Therefore, studies on OA treatment have sought to intra-articularly deliver anti-inflammatory drugs, proteins, genes, or cells to locally control inflammation in OA joints. These therapeutics have been delivered alone or increasingly, in delivery vehicles for sustained release. The use of hydrogels in OA treatment can extend beyond the delivery of anti-inflammatory components to have inherent immunomodulatory function via regulating immune cell polarization and activity. Currently, such immunomodulatory biomaterials are being developed for other applications, which can be translated into OA therapy. Moreover, anabolic and proliferative levels of OA chondrocytes are low, except initially, when chondrocytes temporarily increase anabolism and proliferation in response to structural changes in their extracellular environment. Therefore, treatments need to restore matrix protein synthesis and proliferation to healthy levels to reverse OA-induced damage. In conjugation with injectable and/or adhesive hydrogels that promote cartilage tissue regeneration, immunomodulatory tissue engineering solutions will have robust potential in OA treatment. This review describes the disease, its current and future immunomodulatory therapies as well as cartilage-regenerative injectable and adhesive hydrogels.
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Mahmoud EE, Adachi N, Mawas AS, Deie M, Ochi M. Multiple intra-articular injections of allogeneic bone marrow-derived stem cells potentially improve knee lesions resulting from surgically induced osteoarthritis: an animal study. Bone Joint J 2019; 101-B:824-831. [PMID: 31256666 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.101b7.bjj-2018-1532.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have several properties that may support their use as an early treatment option for osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the role of multiple injections of allogeneic bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) to alleviate the progression of osteoarthritic changes in the various structures of the mature rabbit knee in an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient OA model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two months after bilateral section of the ACL of Japanese white rabbits aged nine months or more, either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 1 x 106 MSCs were injected into the knee joint in single or three consecutive doses. After two months, the articular cartilage and meniscus were assessed macroscopically, histologically, and immunohistochemically using collagen I and II. RESULTS Within the PBS injection (control group), typical progressive degenerative changes were revealed in the various knee structures. In the single MSC injection (single group), osteoarthritic changes were attenuated, but still appeared, especially in the medial compartments involving fibrillation of the articular cartilage, osteophyte formation in the medial plateau, and longitudinal tear of the meniscus. In the multiple-injections group, the smoothness and texture of the articular cartilage and meniscus were improved. Histologically, absence or reduction in matrix staining and cellularity were noticeable in the control and single-injection groups, respectively, in contrast to the multiple-injections group, which showed good intensity of matrix staining and chondrocyte distribution in the various cartilage zones. Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring showed significantly better results in the multiple-injections group than in the other groups. Immunohistochemically, collagen I existed superficially in the medial femoral condyle in the single group, while collagen II was more evident in the multiple-injections group than the single-injection group. CONCLUSION A single injection of MSCs was not enough to restore the condition of osteoarthritic joints. This is in contrast to multiple injections of MSCs, which had the ability to replace lost cells, as well as reducing inflammation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:824-831.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Mahmoud
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - N Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Integrated Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - A S Mawas
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - M Deie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Ochi
- Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Luo Q, Ji S, Li Z, Huang T, Fan S, Xi Q. Effects of ultrasound therapy on the synovial fluid proteome in a rabbit surgery-induced model of knee osteoarthritis. Biomed Eng Online 2019; 18:18. [PMID: 30795769 PMCID: PMC6387552 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound (US) therapy may improve osteoarthritis symptoms. We investigated the effects of US on the synovial fluid (SF) proteome in a rabbit knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model to explore its therapeutic mechanisms. Methods Sixteen healthy 6-month-old New Zealand white rabbits (eight male, eight female), weighing 2.5–3.0 kg, were randomly divided into groups A and B with eight rabbits per group. Both groups were subjected to right anterior cruciate ligament transaction. Six weeks after surgery, we treated the operated knee joint of group A rabbits with US and of group B rabbits with sham US for 2 weeks. The proteomes of knee joint SF from groups A and B rabbits were then analyzed using a label-free mass spectrometry (MS) quantification method. Results We identified 19 protein sequences annotated by 361 Gene Ontology (GO) items. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database of rabbit protein sequences, we then annotated the KO numbers of homologous/similar proteins to 32 relevant KEGG pathways. We extracted 10 significantly differentially expressed proteins among the 32 relevant KEGG messages/metabolism pathways. The proteins whose levels were decreased were apolipoprotein A-I (AopA-1), transferrin (TF), carboxypeptidase B2 (CBP2), arylesterase/paraoxonase (PON), fibrinogen alpha chain, and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M). The proteins whose levels were increased were molecular chaperone HtpG/heat shock proteins (htpG, HSP90A), decorin (DCN), pyruvate kinase (PK, pyk), and fatty acid-binding protein 4/adipocyte (FABP4, aP2). Conclusions US therapy can alter protein levels in SF, which can decrease AopA-1, TF, CBP2, PON, fibrinogen alpha chain and A2M protein levels, and increase HtpG/HSP90A, DCN, PK/PKY, and FABP4/aP2 protein levels in SF of KOA, suggesting that the therapeutic mechanisms of US therapy on KOA may occur through changes in the SF proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglu Luo
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University, No. 621, GangWan Road, HuangPu District, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong Province, China.,College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Shuangquan Ji
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University, No. 621, GangWan Road, HuangPu District, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhimi Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University, No. 621, GangWan Road, HuangPu District, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Huang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University, No. 621, GangWan Road, HuangPu District, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siqin Fan
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Qin Xi
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University, No. 621, GangWan Road, HuangPu District, Guangzhou, 510700, Guangdong Province, China.
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Ding QH, Ye CY, Chen EM, Zhang W, Wang XH. Emodin ameliorates cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis by inhibiting NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in-vitro and in-vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:222-230. [PMID: 29890416 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and members of the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) protein family plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The potential of selective MMPs or ADAMTS inhibitors as chemopreventive agents for OA has been demonstrated in several studies. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthaquinone), isolated from the root of Rheum palmatum L., in the inhibition of MMP and ADAMTS expression in both rat chondrocytes and an animal model of OA. The expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, ADAMTS-5, aggrecan, and collagen II mRNA and protein in interleukin-1beta (IL-1β)-induced rat chondrocytes was followed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The activation of the NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways by IL-1β was assessed by western blot. The in vivo effects of emodin were evaluated by intra-articular injection in rats in an experimental model of OA induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection. Emodin dose-dependently down-regulated the expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 at both the mRNA and protein level in IL-1β-stimulated rat chondrocytes. In addition, the IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB and Wnt signals was attenuated by emodin, as determined by western blotting. The intra-articular injection of emodin in a rat OA model ameliorated OA progression, as determined in morphological and histological analyses in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that emodin is a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hai Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jie Fang Road 88#, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen-Yi Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jie Fang Road 88#, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Man Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jie Fang Road 88#, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jie Fang Road 88#, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hua Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Jie Fang Road 88#, 310009 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Kunanusornchai W, Witoonpanich B, Tawonsawatruk T, Pichyangkura R, Chatsudthipong V, Muanprasat C. Chitosan oligosaccharide suppresses synovial inflammation via AMPK activation: An in vitro and in vivo study. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:458-467. [PMID: 27650754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synovial inflammation plays an important role in the early pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) has been shown to activate AMPK and suppress inflammatory responses in intestinal epithelial cells. This study aimed to investigate the effect of COS on AMPK activation and synovial inflammation using both primary cultures of synoviocytes and a rabbit model of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection-induced OA. COS induced AMPK activation in both rabbit and human synoviocytes. The mechanism of COS-induced AMPK activation involves an increase in the ADP/ATP ratio but not calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase beta (CaMKKβ). Interestingly, COS suppressed the TNFα-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression via an AMPK-dependent mechanism in both rabbit and human synoviocytes. Importantly, oral administration of COS (10mg/kg/day) induced AMPK activation and alleviated signs of inflammation including COX-2 expression in the synovium of a rabbit ACL transection model. Taken together, our results indicate that COS suppresses synovial inflammation in vitro and in vivo via AMPK activation. COS may be useful in the prevention of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlop Kunanusornchai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Bhee Witoonpanich
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tulyapruek Tawonsawatruk
- Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Phayathai, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Varanuj Chatsudthipong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Shikonin inhibits inflammatory responses in rabbit chondrocytes and shows chondroprotection in osteoarthritic rabbit knee. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:656-662. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Mével E, Monfoulet LE, Merceron C, Coxam V, Wittrant Y, Beck L, Guicheux J. Nutraceuticals in joint health: animal models as instrumental tools. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:1649-58. [PMID: 24955836 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with no curative treatments. Many studies have begun to demonstrate the efficacy of nutraceuticals for slowing down OA. Animal models are utilized as a compulsory step in demonstrating the protective potential of these compounds on joint health. Nevertheless, there exist a wide variety of available OA models and selecting a suitable system for evaluating the effects of a specific compound remains difficult. Here, we discuss animal studies that have investigated nutraceutical effects on OA. In particular, we highlight the large spectrum of animal models that are currently accepted for examining the OA-related effects of nutraceuticals, giving recommendations for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Mével
- INSERM, UMR 791, Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology team LIOAD, Nantes, France; Union Grap'Sud, Cruviers-Lascours, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet
- Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Merceron
- INSERM, UMR 791, Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology team LIOAD, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Véronique Coxam
- Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRA, UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laurent Beck
- INSERM, UMR 791, Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology team LIOAD, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM, UMR 791, Skeletal Tissue Engineering and Physiopathology team LIOAD, Nantes, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Odontologie, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, PHU 4 OTONN, Nantes, France.
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Biomedical applications of carboxymethyl chitosans. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 91:452-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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A review of translational animal models for knee osteoarthritis. ARTHRITIS 2012; 2012:764621. [PMID: 23326663 PMCID: PMC3541554 DOI: 10.1155/2012/764621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis remains a tremendous public health concern, both in terms of health-related quality of life and financial burden of disease. Translational research is a critical step towards understanding and mitigating the long-term effects of this disease process. Animal models provide practical and clinically relevant ways to study both the natural history and response to treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Many factors including size, cost, and method of inducing osteoarthritis are important considerations for choosing an appropriate animal model. Smaller animals are useful because of their ease of use and cost, while larger animals are advantageous because of their anatomical similarity to humans. This evidence-based review will compare and contrast several different animal models for knee osteoarthritis. Our goal is to inform the clinician about current research models, in order to facilitate the transfer of knowledge from the "bench" to the "bedside."
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Muzzarelli RA, Boudrant J, Meyer D, Manno N, DeMarchis M, Paoletti MG. Current views on fungal chitin/chitosan, human chitinases, food preservation, glucans, pectins and inulin: A tribute to Henri Braconnot, precursor of the carbohydrate polymers science, on the chitin bicentennial. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Comparing different physical factors on serum TNF-α levels, chondrocyte apoptosis, caspase-3 and caspase-8 expression in osteoarthritis of the knee in rabbits. Joint Bone Spine 2011; 78:604-10. [PMID: 21397547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the therapeutic effects that different physical factors may have on rabbits with osteoarthritis of the knee. METHODS A total of 64 rabbits were randomised and organised into eight groups, eight of which were each assigned a different physical factor, in which the rabbits received one type of physical therapy: millimetre waves for 20 min, pulsed electromagnetic fields, millimetre waves for 40 min, ultrasound, low-level laser therapy or ultrashort wave diathermy. The two remaining groups, the normal group and the model group, served as controls. The efficacy of the different treatments were determined by observing the configuration and structure of the cartilaginous tissue by haematoxylin and Eosin staining, measuring the serum tumour necrosis factor-α levels by enzyme immunoassay, evaluating the expression levels of caspases-3 and -8 by immunohistochemistry, and calculating the ratio of chondrocytes apoptosis by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling. The values obtained for each assessment of the eight groups were analysed by a One-way ANOVA. RESULTS By applying upmentioned physical treatments, the organisational configuration and structure of cartilage cells from the knees of rabbits with osteoarthritis increased. These treatments also decreased serum tumour necrosis factor-α levels, reduced the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-8 and reduced chondrocyte apoptosis, resulting in an overall delay in osteoarthritis development. CONCLUSION The application of pulsed electromagnetic fields, millimetre waves for 40 min, ultrasound, or low-level laser therapy had significant effects in improving osteoarthritis; in particular, treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields or ultrasound yielded the greatest therapeutic effect.
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Laverty S, Girard CA, Williams JM, Hunziker EB, Pritzker KPH. The OARSI histopathology initiative - recommendations for histological assessments of osteoarthritis in the rabbit. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010; 18 Suppl 3:S53-65. [PMID: 20864023 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The primary goal of this body of work is to suggest a standardized system for histopathological assessment of experimental surgical instability models of osteoarthritis (OA) in rabbits, building on past experience, to achieve comparability of studies from different centres. An additional objective is to review methodologies that have been employed in the past for assessing OA in rabbits with particular reference to the surgical anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model. METHODS A panel of scientists and clinician-scientists with recognized expertise in assessing rabbit models of OA reviewed the literature to provide a critical appraisal of the methods that have been employed to assess both macroscopic and microscopic changes occurring in rabbit joint tissues in experimental OA. In addition, a validation of the proposed histologic histochemical grading system was performed. RESULTS The ACLT variant of the surgical instability model in skeletally mature rabbits is the variation most capable of reproducing the entire range of cartilage, synovial and bone lesions recognized to be associated with OA. These lesions can be semiquantitatively graded using macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Further, as well as cartilage lesions, this ACLT model can produce synovial and bone lesions similar to that of human OA. CONCLUSIONS The ACLT variant of the surgical instability model in rabbits is a reproducible and effective model of OA. The cartilage lesions in this model and their response to therapy can be graded according to an adapted histological and histochemical grading system, though also this system is to some extent subjective and, thus, neither objective nor entirely reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laverty
- Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Quebec J2S 7C6, Canada.
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Wu H, Du J, Zheng Q. Expression of MMP-1 in cartilage and synovium of experimentally induced rabbit ACLT traumatic osteoarthritis: immunohistochemical study. Rheumatol Int 2008; 29:31-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Castro RR, Feitosa JPA, da Cunha PLR, da Rocha FAC. Analgesic activity of a polysaccharide in experimental osteoarthritis in rats. Clin Rheumatol 2007; 26:1312-9. [PMID: 17216398 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-006-0506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 11/23/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Viscosupplementation efficacy has been related to the high molecular weight of hyaluronic acid-like compounds, as well as to gel formulation. We evaluated the effect of a galactomannan polysaccharide derived from Guar gum (GG) in joint pain in an osteoarthritis (OA) model. Wistar rats (six animals/group) were subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT-OA group). The OA group was compared to a false-operated group (sham). Joint pain was recorded daily, using the articular incapacitation test, until 7 days after ACLT. Solutions or gel preparations of GG (100 microg) or Hylan G-F 20 (100 microg), used as a comparator, were given intraarticularly (i.a.) at day 4 after ACLT. Controls received saline i.a. The OA group had significantly increased joint pain as compared to sham (P<0.001). GG, either as a gel or solution, significantly inhibited joint pain similar to the inhibition achieved with Hylan G-F20. This is the first demonstration that a galactomannan derived from GG reduces joint pain in experimental OA. This analgesia is independent of the colloidal state. We propose that the analgesic benefit of viscosupplementation may be due to an intrinsic carbohydrate-mediated mechanism rather than to the rheologic properties of the material.
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Chen Q, Liu SQ, Du YM, Peng H, Sun LP. Carboxymethyl-chitosan protects rabbit chondrocytes from interleukin-1beta-induced apoptosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 541:1-8. [PMID: 16740257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 03/02/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte apoptosis is important in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Chitosan is a non-toxic, biodegradable and biocompatible glycosaminoglycan. In this study, the effects of carboxymethyl-chitosan (CM-chitosan), a soluble derivative of chitosan, on chondrocyte apoptosis were investigated. Primary rabbit chondrocytes were cultured and induced to apoptosis by 10 ng/ml interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). After treatment with various concentrations of CM-chitosan (50, 100, 200 microg/ml), the apoptotic rate, mitochondrial function, nitric oxide production, and the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and reactive oxygen species in IL-1beta-induced chondrocytes were examined. The results showed that CM-chitosan could inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it could partly restore the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP, decrease nitric oxide production by down-regulation of iNOS mRNA expression, and scavenge reactive oxygen species in chondrocytes induced by IL-1beta. The results suggested that the inhibitory effects of CM-chitosan on IL-1beta-induced chondrocyte apoptosis were possibly due to the protection of mitochondrial function, the decline in the levels of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
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Fleming BC, Hulstyn MJ, Oksendahl HL, Fadale PD. Ligament Injury, Reconstruction and Osteoarthritis. CURRENT OPINION IN ORTHOPAEDICS 2005; 16:354-362. [PMID: 17710194 PMCID: PMC1948850 DOI: 10.1097/01.bco.0000176423.07865.d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The recent literature on the factors that initiate and accelerate the progression of osteoarthritis following ligament injuries and their treatment is reviewed. RECENT FINDINGS: The ligament-injured joint is at high risk for osteoarthritis. Current conservative (e.g. rehabilitation) and surgical (e.g. reconstruction) treatment options appear not to reduce osteoarthritis following ligament injury. The extent of osteoarthritis does not appear dependent on which joint is affected, or the presence of damage to other tissues within the joint. Mechanical instability is the likely initiator of osteoarthritis in the ligament-injured patient. SUMMARY: The mechanism osteoarthritis begins with the injury rendering the joint unstable. The instability increases the sliding between the joint surfaces and reduces the efficiency of the muscles, factors that alter joint contact mechanics. The load distribution in the cartilage and underlying bone is disrupted, causing wear and increasing shear, which eventually leads to the osteochondral degeneration. The catalyst to the mechanical process is the inflammation response induced by the injury and sustained during healing. In contrast, the inflammation could be responsible for onset, while the mechanical factors accelerate progression. The mechanisms leading to osteoarthritis following ligament injury have not been fully established. A better understanding of these mechanisms should lead to alternative surgical, drug, and tissue-engineering treatment options, which could eliminate osteoarthritis in these patients. Progress is being made on all fronts. Considering that osteoarthritis is likely to occur despite current treatment options, the best solution may be prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braden C Fleming
- Brown Medical School, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Liu SQ, Qiu B, Chen LY, Peng H, Du YM. The effects of carboxymethylated chitosan on metalloproteinase-1, −3 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 gene expression in cartilage of experimental osteoarthritis. Rheumatol Int 2005; 26:52-7. [PMID: 15765218 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-004-0569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intra-articular injection of carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCTS) on mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3 (MMP-1, -3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in cartilage of osteoarthritis (OA). 32 white rabbits underwent unilateral anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and were randomly divided into four groups 5 weeks after transection. Rabbits of group A received 0.3 ml intra-articular injection of 2% high molecular weight CMCTS, once 2 weeks. Rabbits in group B were treated under the same condition using 2% CMCTS with low molecular weight. Group C rabbits received 0.3 ml of intra-articular 1% sodium hyaluronate (HA) injection, once a week. Animals of group D were not injected as controls after ACLT. At death, 11 weeks following surgery, the mRNA expressions of MMP-1, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 of degenerative cartilage were analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA levels of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in cartilage of CMCTS injection groups were significantly lower than those of HA-treated group and untreated group. There was no significant difference in MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression between the different molecular weight CMCTS injection groups. No significant difference in MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression in cartilage was found between HA injection group and control group. No significant difference in TIMP-1 expression was observed in cartilages of any group. CMCTS may significantly suppress the mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in cartilage during the early stages of OA. CMCTS may have a protective effect on articular cartilage of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qing Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Inoue A, Takahashi KA, Arai Y, Tonomura H, Sakao K, Saito M, Fujioka M, Fujiwara H, Tabata Y, Kubo T. The therapeutic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor contained in gelatin hydrogel microspheres on experimental osteoarthritis in the rabbit knee. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 54:264-70. [PMID: 16385543 DOI: 10.1002/art.21561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) contained in gelatin hydrogel microspheres on osteoarthritis (OA) development in rabbit knee joints. METHODS (125)I-labeled bFGF contained in gelatin hydrogel microspheres was administered to the knee joints of normal rabbits to confirm the sustained-release kinetics of bFGF in the knee joint. In addition, the expression of proteoglycan core protein messenger RNA was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction to confirm the anabolic effects on the cartilage treated with the sustained release of bFGF. The bFGF in gelatin hydrogel microspheres was administered to the knee joint once every 3 weeks (a total of twice) from 4 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Ten weeks after ACLT, gross morphologic and histologic examinations were performed. RESULTS Sustained release of bFGF in the knee joint continued for >7 days and induced the anabolic effects on the cartilage. Intraarticular injections of bFGF contained in gelatin hydrogel microspheres suppressed the progression of OA in the ACLT rabbit model. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that sustained release of bFGF into the joint had therapeutic effects on OA development in a rabbit model. Our results suggest the potential feasibility of a new conservative treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Inoue
- Dept. of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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