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El-Halwagi A, Agarwal SK. Insights into the genetic landscape of systemic sclerosis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2024:101981. [PMID: 39068103 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease that clinically manifests as progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Autoimmunity and endothelial dysfunction play important roles in the development of SSc but the causes of SSc remain unknown. Accumulating evidence, first from familial aggregation studies and subsequently from candidate gene association studies and genome wide association studies underscore the crucial contributions of genetics to the development of SSc. The identification of polymorphisms in the HLA region as well as non-HLA loci is important for understanding the risks of developing SSc but can also provide important pathogenic insight in SSc. While not translating into clinic practice yet, understanding the genetic landscape of SSc will hopefully assist in the diagnosis and management of patients with and/or at risk of developing SSc in the future. Herein we review the studies that investigate genetic risks of SSc susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali El-Halwagi
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sandeep K Agarwal
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Kommer A, Meineck M, Classen P, Weinmann-Menke J. A20 in Kidney Transplantation and Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6628. [PMID: 38928333 PMCID: PMC11203976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A20, the central inhibitor of NFκB, has multiple anti-inflammatory properties, making it an interesting target in kidney autoimmune disease and transplant biology. It has been shown to be able to inhibit inflammatory functions in macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells in various ways, leading to less tissue damage and better graft outcomes. In this review, we will discuss the current literature regarding A20 in kidney transplantation and autoimmunity. Future investigations on animal models and in existing immunosuppressive therapies are needed to establish A20 as a therapeutic target in kidney transplantation and autoimmunity. Cell-based therapies, modified viruses or RNA-based therapies could provide a way for A20 to be utilized as a promising mediator of inflammation and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kommer
- Department of Nephrology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, D 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (P.C.)
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Bai Y, Wang J, Feng X, Xie L, Qin S, Ma G, Zhang F. Identification of drug targets for Sjögren's syndrome: multi-omics Mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1419363. [PMID: 38933282 PMCID: PMC11199405 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1419363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted therapy for Sjögren's syndrome (SS) has become an important focus for clinicians. Multi-omics-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses have provided new ideas for identifying potential drug targets. Methods We conducted summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis to evaluate therapeutic targets associated with SS by integrating DNA methylation, gene expression and protein quantitative trait loci (mQTL, eQTL, and pQTL, respectively). Genetic associations with SS were derived from the FinnGen study (discovery) and the GWAS catalog (replication). Colocalization analyses were employed to determine whether two potentially relevant phenotypes share the same genetic factors in a given region. Moreover, to delve deeper into potential regulation among DNA methylation, gene expression, and protein abundance, we conducted MR analysis to explore the causal relationship between candidate gene methylation and expression, as well as between gene expression and protein abundance. Drug prediction and molecular docking were further employed to validate the pharmacological activity of the candidate drug targets. Results Upon integrating the multi-omics data, we identified three genes associated with SS risk: TNFAIP3, BTN3A1, and PLAU. The methylation of cg22068371 in BTN3A1 was positively associated with protein levels, consistent with the negative effect of cg22068371 methylation on the risk of SS. Additionally, positive correlations were observed between the gene methylation of PLAU (cg04939496) and expression, as well as between expression and protein levels. This consistency elucidates the promotional effects of PLAU on SS risk at the DNA methylation, gene expression, and protein levels. At the protein level, genetically predicted TNFAIP3 (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.56-3.92) was positively associated with SS risk, while BTN3A1 (OR 2.96E-03, 95% CI 2.63E-04-3.33E-02) was negatively associated with SS risk. Molecular docking showed stable binding for candidate drugs and target proteins. Conclusion Our study reveals promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of SS, providing valuable insights into targeted therapy for SS. However, further validation through future experiments is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Bai
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuefeng Feng
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Le Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration & Tongji Research Institute of Stomatology & Department of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengao Qin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guowu Ma
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated School of Stomatology of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Gumkowska-Sroka O, Kotyla K, Kotyla P. Immunogenetics of Systemic Sclerosis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:586. [PMID: 38790215 PMCID: PMC11121022 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disorder characterized by massive fibrosis, vascular damage, and immune imbalance. Advances in rheumatology and immunology over the past two decades have led to a redefinition of systemic sclerosis, shifting from its initial perception as primarily a "hyperfibrotic" state towards a recognition of systemic sclerosis as an immune-mediated disease. Consequently, the search for genetic markers has transitioned from focusing on fibrotic mechanisms to exploring immune regulatory pathways. Immunogenetics, an emerging field at the intersection of immunology, molecular biology, and genetics has provided valuable insights into inherited factors that influence immunity. Data from genetic studies conducted thus far indicate that alterations in genetic messages can significantly impact disease risk and progression. While certain genetic variations may confer protective effects, others may exacerbate disease susceptibility. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the most relevant genetic changes that influence both the risk and course of systemic sclerosis. Special emphasis is placed on factors regulating the immune response, recognizing their pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Przemysław Kotyla
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Silesia, Voivodeship Hospital No. 5, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (O.G.-S.); (K.K.)
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Hua X, Hongbing R, Juan X, Jizan L, Beibei Y. Dysregulation of TNF-induced protein 3 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β in alveolar macrophages: Implications for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15174. [PMID: 38720423 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the role of TNF-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) in alveolar macrophages (AMs) of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) and their influence on pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Transfection of HEK293T cells and AMs with plasmids carrying TNFAIP3 and C/EBPβ was performed, followed by co-culturing AMs with pulmonary fibroblasts. Immunoblotting analysis was then utilized to assess the expression of TNFAIP3, C/EBPβ, and collagen type 1 (Col1). Quantitative PCR analysis was conducted to quantify the mRNA levels of C/EBPβ, IL-10, and TGF-β1. STRING database analysis, and immunoprecipitation assays were employed to investigate the interactions between TNFAIP3 and C/EBPβ. RESULTS TNFAIP3 expression was significantly reduced in SSc-ILD AMs, correlating with increased Col1 production in fibroblasts. Overexpression of TNFAIP3 inhibited this pro-fibrotic activity. Conversely, C/EBPβ expression was elevated in SSc-ILD AMs, and its reduction through TNFAIP3 restoration decreased pro-fibrotic cytokines IL-10 and TGFβ1 levels. Protein-protein interaction studies confirmed the regulatory relationship between TNFAIP3 and C/EBPβ. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the important role of TNFAIP3 in regulating pulmonary fibrosis in SSc-ILD by modulating C/EBPβ expression in AMs. These findings suggest that targeting TNFAIP3 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing SSc-ILD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hua
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, The First Affiliated Hospital of FuJian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Chenzhou, ChenZhou, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Hongbing
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, The First Affiliated Hospital of FuJian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue Juan
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, The First Affiliated Hospital of FuJian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liu Jizan
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, The First Affiliated Hospital of FuJian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rheumatology and immulology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Beibei
- Department of Dermatology, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics&Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Karri U, Harasimowicz M, Carpio Tumba M, Schwartz DM. The Complexity of Being A20: From Biological Functions to Genetic Associations. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:76. [PMID: 38451381 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A20, encoded by TNFAIP3, is a critical negative regulator of immune activation. A20 is a ubiquitin editing enzyme with multiple domains, each of which mediates or stabilizes a key ubiquitin modification. A20 targets diverse proteins that are involved in pleiotropic immunologic pathways. The complexity of A20-mediated immunomodulation is illustrated by the varied effects of A20 deletion in different cell types and disease models. Clinically, the importance of A20 is highlighted by its extensive associations with human disease. A20 germline variants are associated with a wide range of inflammatory diseases, while somatic mutations promote development of B cell lymphomas. More recently, the discovery of A20 haploinsufficiency (HA20) has provided real world evidence for the role of A20 in immune cell function. Originally described as an autosomal dominant form of Behcet's disease, HA20 is now considered a complex inborn error of immunity with a broad spectrum of immunologic and clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urekha Karri
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Magdalena Harasimowicz
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Manuel Carpio Tumba
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Daniella M Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Ishikawa Y, Tanaka N, Asano Y, Kodera M, Shirai Y, Akahoshi M, Hasegawa M, Matsushita T, Saito K, Motegi SI, Yoshifuji H, Yoshizaki A, Kohmoto T, Takagi K, Oka A, Kanda M, Tanaka Y, Ito Y, Nakano K, Kasamatsu H, Utsunomiya A, Sekiguchi A, Niiro H, Jinnin M, Makino K, Makino T, Ihn H, Yamamoto M, Suzuki C, Takahashi H, Nishida E, Morita A, Yamamoto T, Fujimoto M, Kondo Y, Goto D, Sumida T, Ayuzawa N, Yanagida H, Horita T, Atsumi T, Endo H, Shima Y, Kumanogoh A, Hirata J, Otomo N, Suetsugu H, Koike Y, Tomizuka K, Yoshino S, Liu X, Ito S, Hikino K, Suzuki A, Momozawa Y, Ikegawa S, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa O, Takehara K, Torii T, Sato S, Okada Y, Mimori T, Matsuda F, Matsuda K, Amariuta T, Imoto I, Matsuo K, Kuwana M, Kawaguchi Y, Ohmura K, Terao C. GWAS for systemic sclerosis identifies six novel susceptibility loci including one in the Fcγ receptor region. Nat Commun 2024; 15:319. [PMID: 38296975 PMCID: PMC10830486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44541-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Here we report the largest Asian genome-wide association study (GWAS) for systemic sclerosis performed to date, based on data from Japanese subjects and comprising of 1428 cases and 112,599 controls. The lead SNP is in the FCGR/FCRL region, which shows a penetrating association in the Asian population, while a complete linkage disequilibrium SNP, rs10917688, is found in a cis-regulatory element for IRF8. IRF8 is also a significant locus in European GWAS for systemic sclerosis, but rs10917688 only shows an association in the presence of the risk allele of IRF8 in the Japanese population. Further analysis shows that rs10917688 is marked with H3K4me1 in primary B cells. A meta-analysis with a European GWAS detects 30 additional significant loci. Polygenic risk scores constructed with the effect sizes of the meta-analysis suggest the potential portability of genetic associations beyond populations. Prioritizing the top 5% of SNPs of IRF8 binding sites in B cells improves the fitting of the polygenic risk scores, underscoring the roles of B cells and IRF8 in the development of systemic sclerosis. The results also suggest that systemic sclerosis shares a common genetic architecture across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nao Tanaka
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanari Kodera
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shirai
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuteru Akahoshi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Rheumatology, Saga University Hospital, Saga, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsushita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Saito
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hajime Yoshifuji
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yoshizaki
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kohmoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kae Takagi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Adachi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Miho Kanda
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Chukyo Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakano
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kasamatsu
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akira Utsunomiya
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akiko Sekiguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Niiro
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Katsunari Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motohisa Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Allergy, IMSUT Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisako Suzuki
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emi Nishida
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Okazaki City Hospital, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Goto
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naho Ayuzawa
- Department of Clinical Immunology, National Hospital Organization, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Yanagida
- Department of Clinical Immunology, National Hospital Organization, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Horita
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirahito Endo
- Omori Medical Center, Toho University, Rheumatic Disease Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Hirata
- Immunology Frontier Center, Osaka University, Statistical Immunology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nao Otomo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suetsugu
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Koike
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohei Tomizuka
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshino
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuji Ito
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Hikino
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akari Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shiro Ikegawa
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takehara
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Immunology Frontier Center, Osaka University, Statistical Immunology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Ijinkai Takeada General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Laboratory of Genome Technology, Human Genome Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tiffany Amariuta
- Center for Data Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohmura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, The Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Yokohama, Japan.
- Shizuoka General Hospital, The Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka, Japan.
- The Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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8
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Xu B, Huang S, Peng W, Cai G, Zhou H, Guo Y, Du J, Ge X, Wu X. Comprehensive analysis of hub biomarkers associated with immune and oxidative stress in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 745:109713. [PMID: 37543352 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a type of autoimmune disorder with a complex interplay between immune disorder and oxidative stress (OS). This research aimed to discover biomarkers and potential treatment targets associated with immune and OS dysregulation in HT through integrated bioinformatics analysis and clinical validations. Differential gene expression analysis of GSE138198 dataset from the GEO database identified 1490 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HT, including 883 upregulated and 607 downregulated genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis explored module genes associated with HT. Overlapping the differentially expressed module genes with immune-related and OS-related genes identified eight differentially expressed module genes associated with immune and OS (DEIOGs) in HT. Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified five hub genes (TNFAIP3, FOS, PTK2B, STAT1, and MMP9). We confirmed four hub genes (TNFAIP3, PTK2B, STAT1 and MMP9) in GSE29315 dataset and clinical thyroid samples, which showed high diagnostic accuracy (AUC >0.7) for HT. The expression of these four genes was positively correlated with serum thyroid peroxidase antibody, thyroglobulin antibody levels, and inflammatory infiltration scores in clinical thyroid samples. Immune profiling revealed distinct profiles in HT, such as B cells memory, monocytes and macrophages. Additionally, all hub genes were inversely associated with monocytes. Further, miRNA-mRNA network analysis was conducted, and a regulatory network comprising four hub genes, 238 miRNAs and 32 TFs was established. These findings suggest that immune cells play a crucial role in the development of HT, and the hub genes TNFAIP3, PTK2B, STAT1, and MMP9 may be key players in HT through immune- and OS-related signaling pathways. Our results may provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic monitoring of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojin Xu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, 215000, China; Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Wenfang Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Guanjun Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Haiping Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Yiming Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaoxu Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, 215000, China; Geriatric Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
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9
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TERZİ Ü, ATEŞ İ. SJÖGREN SENDROMU İLE BAZI GEN POLİMORFİZMLERİ ARASINDAKİ OLASI BAĞLANTILAR. ANKARA UNIVERSITESI ECZACILIK FAKULTESI DERGISI 2023; 47:7-7. [DOI: 10.33483/jfpau.1328811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Sjögren’s syndrome is a complex and widespread autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is not fully elucidated and environmental and genetic factors affect the development of the disease. In order to reveal the effect of genetic contribution, studies have been conducted on the genes previously shown to play a role in other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythromatosus. In addition, two GWAS studies were conducted to investigate the role of more genes in the disease by screening the entire genome and the relationship of previously unknown genes with SS was shown.
Result and Discussion: Studies are being conducted with spontaneous and genetically modified animal models in order to better reveal the relationship between SS and genes and to reinforce the data obtained from humans. In this study, the relationship between the genes previously studied in other autoimmune diseases and the genes associated with SS in GWAS studies and the possible pathways that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease through related genes were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülkü TERZİ
- ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, ECZACILIK MESLEK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FARMASOTİK TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
| | - İlker ATEŞ
- ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, ECZACILIK MESLEK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FARMASOTİK TOKSİKOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI
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10
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Sheveleva O, Protasova E, Nenasheva T, Butorina N, Melnikova V, Gerasimova T, Sakovnich O, Kurinov A, Grigor’eva E, Medvedev S, Lyadova I. A Model of iPSC-Derived Macrophages with TNFAIP3 Overexpression Reveals the Peculiarities of TNFAIP3 Protein Expression and Function in Human Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12868. [PMID: 37629049 PMCID: PMC10454046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in the development and control of inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms balancing macrophage inflammatory activity is important to develop new strategies for treating inflammation-related diseases. TNF-α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3, A20) is a negative regulator of intracellular inflammatory cascades; its deficiency induces hyper-inflammatory reactions. Whether A20 overexpression can dampen macrophage inflammatory response remains unclear. Here, we generated human-induced pluripotent stem cells with tetracycline-inducible A20 expression and differentiated them into macrophages (A20-iMacs). A20-iMacs displayed morphology, phenotype, and phagocytic activity typical of macrophages, and they displayed upregulated A20 expression in response to doxycycline. A20 overexpression dampened the A20-iMac response to TNF-α, as shown by a decreased expression of IL1B and IL6 mRNA. A dynamic analysis of A20 expression following the generation of A20-iMacs and control iMacs showed that the expression declined in iMacs and that iMacs expressed a lower molecular weight form of the A20 protein (~70 kDa) compared with less differentiated cells (~90 kDa). A low-level expression of A20 and the predominance of a low-molecular-weight A20 form were also characteristic of monocyte-derived macrophages. The study for the first time developed a model for generating macrophages with an inducible expression of a target gene and identified the peculiarities of A20 expression in macrophages that likely underlie macrophage preparedness for inflammatory reactivity. It also suggested the possibility of mitigating inflammatory macrophage responses via A20 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sheveleva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (E.P.); (T.N.); (N.B.); (T.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Elena Protasova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (E.P.); (T.N.); (N.B.); (T.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Tatiana Nenasheva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (E.P.); (T.N.); (N.B.); (T.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Nina Butorina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (E.P.); (T.N.); (N.B.); (T.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Victoria Melnikova
- Laboratory of Comparative Developmental Physiology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Gerasimova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (E.P.); (T.N.); (N.B.); (T.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Olga Sakovnich
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (E.P.); (T.N.); (N.B.); (T.G.); (O.S.)
| | - Alexander Kurinov
- Laboratory of Regeneration Problems, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Grigor’eva
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave., 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Sergey Medvedev
- Laboratory of Developmental Epigenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave., 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (E.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Irina Lyadova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Basis of Histogenesis, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str., 26, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (O.S.); (E.P.); (T.N.); (N.B.); (T.G.); (O.S.)
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11
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Beesley CF, Goldman NR, Taher TE, Denton CP, Abraham DJ, Mageed RA, Ong VH. Dysregulated B cell function and disease pathogenesis in systemic sclerosis. Front Immunol 2023; 13:999008. [PMID: 36726987 PMCID: PMC9885156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex, immune-mediated rheumatic disease characterised by excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the skin and internal organs. B cell infiltration into lesional sites such as the alveolar interstitium and small blood vessels, alongside the production of defined clinically relevant autoantibodies indicates that B cells play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis and development of SSc. This is supported by B cell and fibroblast coculture experiments revealing that B cells directly enhance collagen and extracellular matrix synthesis in fibroblasts. In addition, B cells from SSc patients produce large amounts of profibrotic cytokines such as IL-6 and TGF-β, which interact with other immune and endothelial cells, promoting the profibrotic loop. Furthermore, total B cell counts are increased in SSc patients compared with healthy donors and specific differences can be found in the content of naïve, memory, transitional and regulatory B cell compartments. B cells from SSc patients also show differential expression of activation markers such as CD19 which may shape interactions with other immune mediators such as T follicular helper cells and dendritic cells. The key role of B cells in SSc is further supported by the therapeutic benefit of B cell depletion with rituximab in some patients. It is notable also that B cell signaling is impaired in SSc patients, and this could underpin the failure to induce tolerance in B cells as has been shown in murine models of scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire F. Beesley
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina R. Goldman
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Taher E. Taher
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher P. Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rizgar A. Mageed
- Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Voon H. Ong
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Pasula S, Gopalakrishnan J, Fu Y, Tessneer KL, Wiley MM, Pelikan RC, Kelly JA, Gaffney PM. Systemic lupus erythematosus variants modulate the function of an enhancer upstream of TNFAIP3. Front Genet 2022; 13:1011965. [PMID: 36199584 PMCID: PMC9527318 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1011965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFAIP3/A20 is a prominent autoimmune disease risk locus that is correlated with hypomorphic TNFAIP3 expression and exhibits complex chromatin architecture with over 30 predicted enhancers. This study aimed to functionally characterize an enhancer ∼55 kb upstream of the TNFAIP3 promoter marked by the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk haplotype index SNP, rs10499197. Allele effects of rs10499197, rs58905141, and rs9494868 were tested by EMSA and/or luciferase reporter assays in immune cell types. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP-qPCR, and 3C-qPCR were performed on patient-derived EBV B cells homozygous for the non-risk or SLE risk TNFAIP3 haplotype to assess haplotype-specific effects on transcription factor binding and chromatin regulation at the TNFAIP3 locus. This study found that the TNFAIP3 locus has a complex chromatin regulatory network that spans ∼1M bp from the promoter region of IL20RA to the 3' untranslated region of TNFAIP3. Functional dissection of the enhancer demonstrated co-dependency of the RelA/p65 and CEBPB binding motifs that, together, increase IL20RA and IFNGR1 expression and decreased TNFAIP3 expression in the context of the TNFAIP3 SLE risk haplotype through dynamic long-range interactions up- and downstream. Examination of SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 1.0) with rs10499197 identified rs9494868 as a functional SNP with risk allele-specific increase in nuclear factor binding and enhancer activation in vitro. In summary, this study demonstrates that SNPs carried on the ∼109 kb SLE risk haplotype facilitate hypermorphic IL20RA and IFNGR1 expression, while suppressing TNFAIP3 expression, adding to the mechanistic potency of this critically important locus in autoimmune disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Pasula
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jaanam Gopalakrishnan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Yao Fu
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kandice L. Tessneer
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Mandi M. Wiley
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Richard C. Pelikan
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Kelly
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States,*Correspondence: Patrick M. Gaffney,
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13
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Ortíz-Fernández L, Martín J, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. A Summary on the Genetics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Sclerosis, and Sjögren's Syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 64:392-411. [PMID: 35749015 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome are four major autoimmune rheumatic diseases characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, caused by a dysregulation of the immune system that leads to a wide variety of clinical manifestations. These conditions present complex etiologies strongly influenced by multiple environmental and genetic factors. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region was the first locus identified to be associated and still represents the strongest susceptibility factor for each of these conditions, particularly the HLA class II genes, including DQA1, DQB1, and DRB1, but class I genes have also been associated. Over the last two decades, the genetic component of these disorders has been extensively investigated and hundreds of non-HLA risk genetic variants have been uncovered. Furthermore, it is widely accepted that autoimmune rheumatic diseases share molecular disease pathways, such as the interferon (IFN) type I pathways, which are reflected in a common genetic background. Some examples of well-known pleiotropic loci for autoimmune rheumatic diseases are the HLA region, DNASEL13, TNIP1, and IRF5, among others. The identification of the causal molecular mechanisms behind the genetic associations is still a challenge. However, recent advances have been achieved through mouse models and functional studies of the loci. Here, we provide an updated overview of the genetic architecture underlying these four autoimmune rheumatic diseases, with a special focus on the HLA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Ortíz-Fernández
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de La Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de La Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO. Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Av de la Ilustración 114, Parque Tecnológico de La Salud, 18016, Granada, Spain. .,Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Solna, Sweden.
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14
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Huang B, Li J, Zhao J. Screening and identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Arch Rheumatol 2022; 36:548-559. [PMID: 35382367 PMCID: PMC8957772 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2021.8625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to analyze gene expression in lung tissue and lung fibroblasts of patients with systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets and to examine its possible role in the pathogenesis of SSc-ILD. Patients and methods We obtained datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and used Robust Rank Aggregation to calculate the co-expressed differentially-expressed-genes (DEGs) in three chips, then analyzed the function, signaling pathways and the protein-protein interaction network of the DEGs. Finally, we verified the DEGs related to SSc-ILD by three databases of Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), GENE, and DisGeNET, respectively. Results There were 16 co-expressed DEGs related to SSc-ILD in three GEO series, of which six genes were upregulated, and 10 genes were downregulated. The CTD included 29,936 genes related to SSc, and the GENE and DisGeNET databases had 429 genes related to SSc. Conclusion The results of gene differential expression analysis suggest that interleukin-6, chemokine ligand 2, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3, pentraxin 3, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein may be implicated in the pathogenesis of SSc-ILD and are expected to be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SSc-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuliang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Zhang X, Huo C, Liu Y, Su R, Zhao Y, Li Y. Mechanism and Disease Association With a Ubiquitin Conjugating E2 Enzyme: UBE2L3. Front Immunol 2022; 13:793610. [PMID: 35265070 PMCID: PMC8899012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.793610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 is an important component of the post-translational protein ubiquitination pathway, which mediates the transfer of activated ubiquitin to substrate proteins. UBE2L3, also called UBcH7, is one of many E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes that participate in the ubiquitination of many substrate proteins and regulate many signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB, GSK3β/p65, and DSB repair pathways. Studies on UBE2L3 have found that it has an abnormal expression in many diseases, mainly immune diseases, tumors and Parkinson's disease. It can also promote the occurrence and development of these diseases. Resultantly, UBE2L3 may become an important target for some diseases. Herein, we review the structure of UBE2L3, and its mechanism in diseases, as well as diseases related to UBE2L3 and discuss the related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengdong Huo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruiliang Su
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yumin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Funk-Hilsdorf TC, Behrens F, Grune J, Simmons S. Dysregulated Immunity in Pulmonary Hypertension: From Companion to Composer. Front Physiol 2022; 13:819145. [PMID: 35250621 PMCID: PMC8891568 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.819145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) represents a grave condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, emphasizing a desperate need for innovative and targeted therapeutic strategies. Cumulative evidence suggests that inflammation and dysregulated immunity interdependently affect maladaptive organ perfusion and congestion as hemodynamic hallmarks of the pathophysiology of PH. The role of altered cellular and humoral immunity in PH gains increasing attention, especially in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), revealing novel mechanistic insights into the underlying immunopathology. Whether these immunophysiological aspects display a universal character and also hold true for other types of PH (e.g., PH associated with left heart disease, PH-LHD), or whether there are unique immunological signatures depending on the underlying cause of disease are points of consideration and discussion. Inflammatory mediators and cellular immune circuits connect the local inflammatory landscape in the lung and heart through inter-organ communication, involving, e.g., the complement system, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), cytokines and subsets of, e.g., monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and T- and B-lymphocytes with distinct and organ-specific pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in homeostasis and disease. Perivascular macrophage expansion and monocyte recruitment have been proposed as key pathogenic drivers of vascular remodeling, the principal pathological mechanism in PAH, pinpointing toward future directions of anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies. Moreover, different B- and T-effector cells as well as DCs may play an important role in the pathophysiology of PH as an imbalance of T-helper-17-cells (TH17) activated by monocyte-derived DCs, a potentially protective role of regulatory T-cells (Treg) and autoantibody-producing plasma cells occur in diverse PH animal models and human PH. This article highlights novel aspects of the innate and adaptive immunity and their interaction as disease mediators of PH and its specific subtypes, noticeable inflammatory mediators and summarizes therapeutic targets and strategies arising thereby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa C. Funk-Hilsdorf
- Junior Research Group “Immunodynamics”, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Behrens
- Junior Research Group “Immunodynamics”, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Grune
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Szandor Simmons
- Junior Research Group “Immunodynamics”, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory of Lung Vascular Research, Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Szandor Simmons,
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17
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The Immunogenetics of Systemic Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:259-298. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Hinchcliff M, Garcia-Milian R, Di Donato S, Dill K, Bundschuh E, Galdo FD. Cellular and Molecular Diversity in Scleroderma. Semin Immunol 2021; 58:101648. [PMID: 35940960 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing armamentarium of high-throughput tools available at manageable cost, it is attractive and informative to determine the molecular underpinnings of patient heterogeneity in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Given the highly variable clinical outcomes of patients labelled with the same diagnosis, unravelling the cellular and molecular basis of disease heterogeneity will be crucial to predicting disease risk, stratifying management and ultimately informing a patient-centered precision medicine approach. Herein, we summarise the findings of the past several years in the fields of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics that contribute to unraveling the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of SSc. Expansion of these findings and their routine integration with quantitative analysis of histopathology and imaging studies into clinical care promise to inform a scientifically driven patient-centred personalized medicine approach to SSc in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Hinchcliff
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, USA.
| | | | - Stefano Di Donato
- Raynaud's and Scleroderma Programme, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Bundschuh
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, USA
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Raynaud's and Scleroderma Programme, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leeds, UK.
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Inhibitory feedback control of NF-κB signalling in health and disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:2619-2664. [PMID: 34269817 PMCID: PMC8286839 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells must adapt to changes in their environment to maintain cell, tissue and organismal integrity in the face of mechanical, chemical or microbiological stress. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the most important transcription factors that controls inducible gene expression as cells attempt to restore homeostasis. It plays critical roles in the immune system, from acute inflammation to the development of secondary lymphoid organs, and also has roles in cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Given its role in such critical processes, NF-κB signalling must be subject to strict spatiotemporal control to ensure measured and context-specific cellular responses. Indeed, deregulation of NF-κB signalling can result in debilitating and even lethal inflammation and also underpins some forms of cancer. In this review, we describe the homeostatic feedback mechanisms that limit and ‘re-set’ inducible activation of NF-κB. We first describe the key components of the signalling pathways leading to activation of NF-κB, including the prominent role of protein phosphorylation and protein ubiquitylation, before briefly introducing the key features of feedback control mechanisms. We then describe the array of negative feedback loops targeting different components of the NF-κB signalling cascade including controls at the receptor level, post-receptor signalosome complexes, direct regulation of the critical ‘inhibitor of κB kinases’ (IKKs) and inhibitory feedforward regulation of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional responses. We also review post-transcriptional feedback controls affecting RNA stability and translation. Finally, we describe the deregulation of these feedback controls in human disease and consider how feedback may be a challenge to the efficacy of inhibitors.
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Ota Y, Kuwana M. Updates on genetics in systemic sclerosis. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:17. [PMID: 34130729 PMCID: PMC8204536 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disease, in which an interaction of genetic and environmental factors plays an important role in its development and pathogenesis. A number of genetic studies, including candidate gene analysis and genome-wide association study, have found that the associated genetic variants are mainly localized in noncoding regions in the expression quantitative trait locus and influence corresponding gene expression. The gene variants identified as a risk for SSc susceptibility include those associated with innate immunity, adaptive immune response, and cell death, while there are only few SSc-associated genes involved in the fibrotic process or vascular homeostasis. Human leukocyte antigen class II genes are associated with SSc-related autoantibodies rather than SSc itself. Since the pathways between the associated genotype and phenotype are still poorly understood, further investigations using multi-omics technologies are necessary to characterize the complex molecular architecture of SSc, identify biomarkers useful to predict future outcomes and treatment responses, and discover effective drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ota
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8603-8582, Japan.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review susceptibility genes and how they could integrate in systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathophysiology providing insight and perspectives for innovative therapies. RECENT FINDINGS SSc is a rare disease characterized by vasculopathy, dysregulated immunity and fibrosis. Genome-Wide association studies and ImmunoChip studies performed in recent years revealed associated genetic variants mainly localized in noncoding regions and mostly affecting the immune system of SSc patients. Gene variants were described in innate immunity (IRF5, IRF7 and TLR2), T and B cells activation (CD247, TNFAIP3, STAT4 and BLK) and NF-κB pathway (TNFAIP3 and TNIP1) confirming previous biological data. In addition to impacting immune response, CSK, DDX6, DNASE1L3 and GSDMA/B could also act in the vascular and fibrotic components of SSc. SUMMARY Although genetic studies highlighted the dysregulated immune response in SSc, future research must focus on a deeper characterization of these variants with determination of their functional effects. Moreover, the role of these genes or others on specific vasculopathy and fibrosis would provide insight. Establishment of polygenic score or integrated genome approaches could identify new targets specific of SSc clinical features. This will allow physicians to propose new therapies to SSc patients.
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Pakzad B, Yousefisadr F, Karimzadeh H, Mousavi M, Noormohamadi E, Salehi R. Single nucleotide polymorphism rs5029937 in TNFAIP3 gene is correlated with risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:42. [PMID: 34268230 PMCID: PMC8271223 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive and common autoimmune disease with multifactorial etiology. Several pieces of research show that genetic factors play a major role in the incidence of RA. Several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the tumor necrosis factor alpha inducible protein 3 (TNFAIP3) genes as one of the candidate loci. The TNFAIP3 gene encoding ubiquitin-editing protein A20 witch restricts B cell survival and prevents autoimmunity. Previous studies have indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNFAIP3 gene are correlated with several autoimmune disorders. In the present study, we assessed the possible association between SNP rs5029937 (intronic variant) in the TNFAIP3 gene with RA risk in the Iranian population.
Methods: A case-control study using 50 RA patients and 50 control subjects was undertaken to evaluate rs5029937 (G>T) genotypes using real-time PCR high resolution melting method (HRM). The SPSS22 was used for statistical analyses and the significance level was set at P<0.05.
Results: Logistic regression analysis demonstrates that homozygous TT + heterozygous TG genotypes compared with GG genotype increase the risk of RA (TT+TG vs GG; P= 0.004, OR= 3.46; 95%CI [1.492-8.075]). Also, individuals with allele T were more frequently affected with RA than subjects with G allele (T vs G; P= 0.004, OR= 2.61; 95%CI [1.382-4.919]).
Conclusion: Our findings propose a substantial correlation between rs5029937 (G>T) polymorphism and RA risk in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Pakzad
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Yousefisadr
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadi Karimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mousavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Noormohamadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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El-hady MA, Mosallam DS, Anis SK, Mansour BS, Yassa ME. Tumor necrosis factor induced protein 3 gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia in Egyptian children: a case-control study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (PIT) is an acquired auto-immune disease characterized by decreased platelet count with increased bleeding tendency. The tumor necrosis factor associated induced protein-3 (TNFAIP3) codes for the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme that is indispensable for limiting inflammation. TNFAIP3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) has been implicated in the susceptibility to multiple auto-immune diseases. We aimed to study the distribution of TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C>G) SNP and the possible association of the studied polymorphism with the susceptibility to chronic PIT and the response to treatment in a sample of the Egyptian pediatric chronic PIT patients. This is a case-control study performed on 40 chronic PIT patients and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. DNA samples from both groups were tested for TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C>G) SNP using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.
Results
TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C>G) genotype distribution showed no statistically significant difference between PIT cases and controls [CC 77.5% vs. 82.5%, and CG 22% vs. 18%, respectively; OR (95% CI), 1.323 (0.470–0.723); p, 0.596]. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs5029939-G was comparable between the 2 groups (0.11 vs. 0.09) [OR (95% CI), 1.282 (0.484–3.397); p, 0.617]. No statistically significant difference was observed between chronic PIT patients carrying the mutant heterozygous genotype (CG) achieving complete response and those with no response [OR (95% CI), 1.667 (0.165-16.810); p > 0.05]. The MAF of rs5029939-G was comparable between both groups [OR (95% CI), 1.571 (0.175–14.111); p > 0.05].
Conclusion
This study showed no liability of patients carrying TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C>G) polymorphism to develop chronic course of the disease or to achieve complete response to treatment. TNFAIP3 (rs5029939 C < G) SNP plays no role in either susceptibility to chronic PIT in the studied sample of Egyptian pediatric population or their response to treatment.
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Hu J, Yi S, Wang C, Zhang Y, Tang J, Huang X, Yang L, Yang J, Li H. A20 Inhibits Intraocular Inflammation in Mice by Regulating the Function of CD4+T Cells and RPE Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:603939. [PMID: 33613524 PMCID: PMC7890008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A20 is a negative regulator of inflammation and immunity and plays a role in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Here, we demonstrate that A20 overexpression significantly ameliorates severity of EAU by inhibiting the infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells, and by protecting integrity of the blood retinal barrier. In vitro studies showed that A20 silencing could promote CD4+T cells toward a Th1 and Th17 phenotype. A decreased expression of A20 in CD4+T cells was noticed in active BD patients but not in VKH patients. Furthermore, silencing of A20 in hRPE cells induced the production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 and downregulated ZO-1 and occludin expression which is mediated by inhibition of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. This study reveals a mechanism by which A20 prevents autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenglan Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaokui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiting Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Jihong Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinglu Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
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Shen W, Zhang Z, Ma J, Lu D, Lyu L. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Skin Fibrosis. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:29-40. [PMID: 33433895 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a highly conserved way to regulate protein turnover in cells. The UPS hydrolyzes and destroys variant or misfolded proteins and finely regulates proteins involved in differentiation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. This system is a key regulatory factor in the proliferation, differentiation, and collagen secretion of skin fibroblasts. E3 ubiquitin protein ligases Parkin and NEDD4 regulate multiple signaling pathways in keloid. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) binding with deubiquitinase USP10 can induce p53 destabilization and promote keloid-derived fibroblast proliferation. The UPS participates in the occurrence and development of hypertrophic scars by regulating the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway. An initial study suggests that TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) polymorphisms may be significantly associated with scleroderma susceptibility in individuals of Caucasian descent. Sumoylation and multiple ubiquitin ligases, including Smurfs, UFD2, and KLHL42, play vital roles in scleroderma by targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. In the future, drugs targeting E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes have great potential for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Shen
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaqing Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lechun Lyu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Bale S, Varga J, Bhattacharyya S. Role of RP105 and A20 in negative regulation of toll-like receptor activity in fibrosis: potential targets for therapeutic intervention. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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27
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Koudstaal T, van Hulst JAC, Das T, Neys SFH, Merkus D, Bergen IM, de Raaf MA, Bogaard HJ, Boon L, van Loo G, Aerts JGJV, Boomars KA, Kool M, Hendriks RW. DNGR1-Cre-mediated Deletion of Tnfaip3/A20 in Conventional Dendritic Cells Induces Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:665-680. [PMID: 32755457 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0443oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic perivascular inflammation is a prominent feature in the lungs of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although the proportions of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs are increased in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension lungs, it remains unknown whether activated cDCs play a pathogenic role. The Tnfaip3 gene encodes the ubiquitin-binding protein A20, which is a negative regulator of NF-κB, critically involved in DC activation. Targeting of Tnfaip3/A20 in cDCs was achieved by Clec9a (DNGR1)-Cre-mediated excision of the Tnfaip3 gene in Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice. Mice were evaluated for signs of pulmonary hypertension (PH) using right heart catheterization, echocardiography, and measurement of the Fulton index. Inflammation was assessed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Pulmonary cDCs and monocyte-derived DCs from 31-week-old Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice showed modulated expression of cell surface activation markers compared with Tnfaip3DNGR1-WT mice. Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice developed elevated right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. The lungs of these mice displayed increased vascular remodeling and perivascular and peribronchial immune cell infiltration resembling tertiary lymphoid organs. Proportions of activated T cells and expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were enhanced in the lungs of Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice. Autoreactive IgA and IgG1 was detected in BAL and autoreactive IgA recognizing pulmonary endothelial antigens was present in the serum of Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice. All signs of PH were ameliorated in Tnfaip3DNGR1-KO mice by anti-IL-6 antibody treatment. These results indicate that activation of the NF-κB pathway in DCs, through deletion of A20/Tnfaip3, leads to experimental PH with accompanied pulmonary inflammation in an IL-6-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michiel A de Raaf
- Department of Neonatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium; and.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Gao Y, Du L, Li F, Ding J, Li G, Cao Q, Li N, Su G, Kijlstra A, Yang P. The haplotypes of various TNF related genes associated with scleritis in Chinese Han. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:46. [PMID: 33287909 PMCID: PMC7720609 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have stated that TNF-α participates in the pathogenesis of scleritis, but also in several systemic autoimmune diseases and vasculitis, of which some are associated with scleritis. Earlier GWAS and SNP studies have confirmed that multiple SNPs of TNF related genes are associated with many immune-mediated disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of TNF related gene polymorphisms with scleritis in Chinese Han. A case-control study was carried out in 556 non-infectious scleritis cases and 742 normal controls. A total of 28 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by the iPLEXGold genotyping assay. Results No significant correlations were seen between the individual SNPs in the TNF related genes and scleritis. Haplotype analysis showed a significantly decreased frequency of a TNFAIP3 TGT haplotype (order of SNPs: rs9494885, rs3799491, rs2230926) (Pc = 0.021, OR = 0.717, 95% CI = 0.563–0.913) and a significantly increased frequency of a TNFSF4 GT haplotype (order of SNPs: rs3850641, rs704840) (Pc = 0.004, OR = 1.691, 95% CI = 1.205–2.372) and TNFSF15 CCC haplotype (order of SNPs: rs6478106, rs3810936, rs7865494) (Pc = 0.012, OR = 1.662, 95% CI = 1.168–2.363) in patients with scleritis as compared with healthy volunteers. Conclusions This study reveals that a TGT haplotype in TNFAIP3 may be a protective factor for the development of scleritis and that a GT haplotype in TNFSF4 and a CCC haplotype in TNFSF15 may be risk factors for scleritis in Chinese Han.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuzhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.,The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, Limburg, the Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Jianshe East Road 1, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Razani B, Malynn BA, Ma A. Preserving immune homeostasis with A20. Adv Immunol 2020; 148:1-48. [PMID: 33190732 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
A20/TNFAIP3 is a TNF induced gene that plays a profound role in preserving cellular and organismal homeostasis (Lee, et al., 2000; Opipari etal., 1990). This protein has been linked to multiple human diseases via genetic, epigenetic, and an emerging series of patients with mono-allelic coding mutations. Diverse cellular functions of this pleiotropically expressed protein include immune-suppressive, anti-inflammatory, and cell protective functions. The A20 protein regulates ubiquitin dependent cell signals; however, the biochemical mechanisms by which it performs these functions is surprisingly complex. Deciphering these cellular and biochemical facets of A20 dependent biology should greatly improve our understanding of murine and human disease pathophysiology as well as unveil new mechanisms of cell and tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Razani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Barbara A Malynn
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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30
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Ishikawa Y, Terao C. Genetics of systemic sclerosis. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2020; 5:192-201. [PMID: 35382527 PMCID: PMC8922623 DOI: 10.1177/2397198320913695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by generalized fibrosis in connective tissues and internal organs as consequences of microvascular dysfunction and immune dysfunctions, which leads to premature death in affected individuals. The etiology of systemic sclerosis is complex and poorly understood, but as with most autoimmune diseases, it is widely accepted that both environmental and genetic factors contribute to disease risk. During the last decade, the number of genetic markers convincingly associated with systemic sclerosis has exponentially increased. In this article, we briefly mention the genetic components of systemic sclerosis. Then, we review the classical and novel genetic associations with systemic sclerosis, analyzing the firmest and replicated signals within non-human leukocyte antigen genes, identified by both candidate gene approach and genome-wide association studies. We also provide an insight into the future perspectives that will shed more light into the complex genetic background of the disease. Despite the remarkable advance of systemic sclerosis genetics during the last decade, the use of the new genetic technologies such as next-generation sequencing, as well as the deep phenotyping of the study cohorts, to fully characterize the genetic component of this disease is imperative to identify causal variants, which leads to more targeted and effective treatment of systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
- Department of Applied Genetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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31
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Schnappauf O, Aksentijevich I. Mendelian diseases of dysregulated canonical NF-κB signaling: From immunodeficiency to inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:573-589. [PMID: 32678922 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0520-166r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a master transcription factor that activates the expression of target genes in response to various stimulatory signals. Activated NF-κB mediates a plethora of diverse functions including innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammation, cell proliferation, and NF-κB is regulated through interactions with IκB inhibitory proteins, which are in turn regulated by the inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) complex. Together, these 3 components form the core of the NF-κB signalosomes that have cell-specific functions which are dependent on the interactions with other signaling molecules and pathways. The activity of NF-κB pathway is also regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitination by Lys63, Met1, and Lys48 ubiquitin chains. The physiologic role of NF-κB is best studied in the immune system due to discovery of many human diseases caused by pathogenic variants in various proteins that constitute the NF-κB pathway. These disease-causing variants can act either as gain-of-function (GoF) or loss-of-function (LoF) and depending on the function of mutated protein, can cause either immunodeficiency or systemic inflammation. Typically, pathogenic missense variants act as GoF and they lead to increased activity in the pathway. LoF variants can be inherited as recessive or dominant alleles and can cause either a decrease or an increase in pathway activity. Dominantly inherited LoF variants often result in haploinsufficiency of inhibitory proteins. Here, we review human Mendelian immunologic diseases, which results from mutations in different molecules in the canonical NF-κB pathway and surprisingly present with a continuum of clinical features including immunodeficiency, atopy, autoimmunity, and autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schnappauf
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Ter Haar NM, Jansen MHA, Frenkel JF, Vastert SJ. How autoinflammation may turn into autoimmune inflammation: Insights from monogenetic and complex IL-1 mediated auto-inflammatory diseases. Clin Immunol 2020; 219:108538. [PMID: 32681980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-1 mediated auto-inflammatory diseases are characterised by episodes of unexplained fever, generalized and localized inflammation. The characteristic symptoms predominantly result from exaggerated activation of innate immune pathways. However, in some patients with typical IL-1 mediated diseases, chronic disease manifestations develop in the absence of acute inflammation, suggesting the involvement of adaptive immune pathways. We discuss clinical observations as well as novel insights in how chronic activation of innate immune pathways can lead to auto-immune disease features in patients with auto-inflammatory diseases and how we need to better understand these sequelae in order to improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Ter Haar
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M H A Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J F Frenkel
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S J Vastert
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Hasan B, Tuyghun E, Yang Y, Tuerxun P, Li X. Comprehensive network analysis to identify the molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Minerva Cardioangiol 2020; 68:319-325. [PMID: 32319267 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.20.05111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PAH) is a chronic progressive disease that may lead to right heart failure and eventually death. At present, great progress had been achieved in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. However, pulmonary hypertension cannot be fundamentally cured, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. METHODS A multifactor-driven dysfunction module of pulmonary hypertension has been constructed in order to explore its potential pathogenesis. We performed differential expression analysis, coexpression analysis, enrichment analysis and hypergeometric test to calculate the potential regulatory effects of multiple factors on the module. RESULTS Four modules and corresponding hub genes were identified. In addition, we also obtained a series of ncRNA (MALAT1 and miR-17-5p) and transcription factor (HIF1A). Network analysis revealed that MALAT1, NFKB1 and RELA targeting IL1B of module 4 and IL6 of module 1 to participate in the occurrence and development of pulmonary hypertension through Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to identify disease-related disorders by integrating multiple regulatory factors. The regulatory network may play an important role in PAH. The results not only provided new methods and ideas for follow-up research, but also helps researchers to have a deeper understanding of potential pathogenesis for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Hasan
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Hypertension, Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Hospital Affiliated Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ehbal Tuyghun
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Physiology and Pathology, Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Hospital Affiliated Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Hospital Affiliated Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Paerhati Tuerxun
- Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Hospital Affiliated Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiufen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese Hospital Affiliated Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China -
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Ruan J, Schlüter D, Wang X. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs): DoUBle-edged swords in CNS autoimmunity. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:102. [PMID: 32248814 PMCID: PMC7132956 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease of the CNS. The etiology of MS is still unclear but it is widely recognized that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to its pathogenesis. Immune signaling and responses are critically regulated by ubiquitination, a posttranslational modification that is promoted by ubiquitinating enzymes and inhibited by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified that polymorphisms in or in the vicinity of two human DUB genes TNFAIP3 and USP18 were associated with MS susceptibility. Studies with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, have provided biological rationale for the correlation between these DUBs and MS. Additional studies have shown that other DUBs are also involved in EAE by controlling distinct cell populations. Therefore, DUBs are emerging as crucial regulators of MS/EAE and might become potential therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ruan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße-1, 30626, Hannover, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Xu Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan High Education Park, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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35
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Takagi K, Kawamoto M, Higuchi T, Tochimoto A, Harigai M, Kawaguchi Y. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the
HIF1A
gene are associated with susceptibility to pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis and contribute to SSc‐PAH disease severity. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:674-680. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kae Takagi
- Department of Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East Tokyo Japan
- Department of Rheumatology Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Manabu Kawamoto
- Department of Rheumatology Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoaki Higuchi
- Department of Rheumatology Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Akiko Tochimoto
- Department of Rheumatology Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Department of Rheumatology Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Rheumatology Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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36
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Sun L, Zou LX, Han YC, Wu L, Chen T, Zhu DD, Hu P. A20 overexpression exerts protective effects on podocyte injury in lupus nephritis by downregulating UCH-L1. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16191-16204. [PMID: 30805933 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN), an autoimmune kidney disease caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is the inflammation of the kidney. Although the treatment of LN is still a therapeutic challenge for many practitioners, the present study aims to provide a new insight for the treatment and management. The study aims to explore the effect of A20 on LN in relation to the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. MRL/lpr mice were used as the LN mouse model. Next, A20, UCH-L1, and NF-κB expression in LN patients and MRL/lpr mice was determined. A20 was upregulated in podocytes to assess biological functions of A20 in LN. Furthermore, to further investigate the pivotal role of the NF-κB pathway in LN, the NF-κB pathway was blocked in podocytes. Next, UCH-L1 was downregulated in MRL/lpr mice to assess biological functions of UCH-L1 in LN. A20 was downregulated, whereas UCH-L1 was upregulated in LN. Overexpressed A20 declined NF-κB, UCH-L1 expression, and the extent of p65 phosphorylation. A20 overexpression or UCH-L1 inhibition increased expression of synaptoporin and nephrin but decreased desmin expression and ubiquitin accumulation level in podocytes. Moreover, A20 overexpression or UCH-L1 inhibition increased the podocyte number but decreased protein level of cleaved caspase-3, podocyte lesion improvement, decreased foot process width, glomerulus basement membrane, and foot process fusion rate. In addition, urine protein, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and ds-DNA antibody levels decreased with elevated A20 or depleted UCH-L1. Collectively, it could be concluded that A20 protects against podocyte injury in LN via UCH-L1 by inactivating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Xi Zou
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chen Han
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, China
| | - Po Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Identification of functional missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TNFAIP3 in a predominantly Hispanic population. J Clin Transl Sci 2019; 2:350-355. [PMID: 31131138 PMCID: PMC6530917 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2019.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) is a multifunctional ubiquitin binding and editing enzyme that regulates inflammation. Genetic studies have implicated polymorphisms within the TNFAIP3 locus to the development of numerous immune-related diseases. This study evaluated the frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) within the exonic regions of the TNFAIP3 gene and an associated point mutation from the Illumina array among a predominantly Hispanic cohort. Methods: Genomic DNA was obtained from 721 participants and sequencing of all TNFAIP3 exons and an intergenic point mutation (rs6920220) was performed. In-vitro functional assessment was performed by transfecting mutated TNFAIP3 constructs into TNFAIP3 knockout cells containing the NF-kB luciferase reporter and stimulating with TNFα. Comparative statistics were performed with Student’s t-test for continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables. Results: Sequencing revealed two missense SNPs, rs146534657:A>G and rs2230926:T>G, both within exon 3 of TNFAIP3, which encodes the protein’s deubiquitinating enzymatic domain. Frequencies of all three point mutations differed significantly across racial groups (χ2-test, P = 0.014 to P < 0.001). Compared to Caucasians, rs146534657:A>G was overrepresented among Hispanics (odds ratio (OR) [95% CI] 4.05 [1.24−13.18]), and rs2230926:T>G was more prevalent among African-Americans (OR [95% CI] 3.65 [1.58−8.43]). In-vitro assays confirm rs146534657:A>G and rs2230926:T>G decrease the ability of TNFAIP3 to abrogate NF-κB activation by 2-fold (P < 0.01) and 1.7-fold (P < 0.01), respectively. Conclusions: This study reports the frequency of rs146534657:A>G among Hispanics and is the first to evaluate its potential physiologic impact, establishing a basis for future research as a potential biomarker among this population.
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Li Y, Mooney EC, Holden SE, Xia XJ, Cohen DJ, Walsh SW, Ma A, Sahingur SE. A20 Orchestrates Inflammatory Response in the Oral Mucosa through Restraining NF-κB Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2044-2056. [PMID: 30760622 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated immune response to a dysbiotic resident microflora within the oral cavity leads to chronic periodontal disease, local tissue destruction, and various systemic complications. To preserve tissue homeostasis, inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the progression of periodontitis must be tightly regulated. A20 (TNFAIP3), a ubiquitin-editing enzyme, has emerged as one of the key regulators of inflammation. Yet, the function of A20 in the oral mucosa and the biological pathways in which A20 mitigates periodontal inflammation remain elusive. Using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo disease models, we report in this study that A20 regulates inflammatory responses to a keystone oral bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and restrains periodontal inflammation through its effect on NF-κB signaling and cytokine production. Depletion of A20 using gene editing in human macrophage-like cells (THP-1) significantly increased cytokine secretion, whereas A20 overexpression using lentivirus infection dampened the cytokine production following bacterial challenge through modulating NF-κB activity. Similar to human cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages from A20-deficient mice infected with P. gingivalis displayed increased NF-κB activity and cytokine production compared with the cells isolated from A20-competent mice. Subsequent experiments using a murine ligature-induced periodontitis model showed that even a partial loss of A20 promotes an increased inflammatory phenotype and more severe bone loss, further verifying the critical function of A20 in the oral mucosa. Collectively, to our knowledge, these findings reveal the first systematic evidence of a physiological role for A20 in the maintenance of oral tissue homeostasis as a negative regulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Erin C Mooney
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sara E Holden
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Xia-Juan Xia
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Scott W Walsh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298; and
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Sinem E Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298; .,Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
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39
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van Uden D, Boomars K, Kool M. Dendritic Cell Subsets and Effector Function in Idiopathic and Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Immunol 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 30723471 PMCID: PMC6349774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a cardiopulmonary disease characterized by an incurable condition of the pulmonary vasculature, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, elevated pulmonary arterial pressure resulting in progressive right ventricular failure and ultimately death. PAH has different underlying causes. In approximately 30–40% of the patients no underlying risk factor or cause can be found, so-called idiopathic PAH (IPAH). Patients with an autoimmune connective tissue disease (CTD) can develop PAH [CTD-associated PAH (CTD-PAH)], suggesting a prominent role of immune cell activation in PAH pathophysiology. This is further supported by the presence of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) near pulmonary blood vessels in IPAH and CTD-PAH. TLOs consist of myeloid cells, like monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), T-cells, and B-cells. Next to their T-cell activating function, DCs are crucial for the preservation of TLOs. Multiple DC subsets can be found in steady state, such as conventional DCs (cDCs), including type 1 cDCs (cDC1s), and type 2 cDCs (cDC2s), AXL+Siglec6+ DCs (AS-DCs), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Under inflammatory conditions monocytes can differentiate into monocyte-derived-DCs (mo-DCs). DC subset distribution and activation status play an important role in the pathobiology of autoimmune diseases and most likely in the development of IPAH and CTD-PAH. DCs can contribute to pathology by activating T-cells (production of pro-inflammatory cytokines) and B-cells (pathogenic antibody secretion). In this review we therefore describe the latest knowledge about DC subset distribution, activation status, and effector functions, and polymorphisms involved in DC function in IPAH and CTD-PAH to gain a better understanding of PAH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise van Uden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karin Boomars
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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40
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Long Y, Chen W, Du Q, Zuo X, Zhu H. Ubiquitination in Scleroderma Fibrosis and Its Treatment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2383. [PMID: 30386338 PMCID: PMC6199354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc) is a highly heterogeneous rheumatic disease, and uncontrolled fibrosis in visceral organs is the major cause of death in patients. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, along with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), play crucial roles in this fibrotic process. Currently, no therapy is available that effectively arrests or reverses the progression of fibrosis in patients with SSc. Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that controls many critical cellular functions. Dysregulated ubiquitination events have been observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and fibrotic diseases. Inhibitors targeting the ubiquitination pathway have considerable potential for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. However, very few studies have examined the role and mechanism of ubiquitination in patients with SSc. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination in patients with SSc and explore the potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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41
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Shamilov R, Aneskievich BJ. TNIP1 in Autoimmune Diseases: Regulation of Toll-like Receptor Signaling. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3491269. [PMID: 30402506 PMCID: PMC6192141 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3491269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TNIP1 protein is increasingly being recognized as a key repressor of inflammatory signaling and a potential factor in multiple autoimmune diseases. In addition to earlier foundational reports of TNIP1 SNPs in human autoimmune diseases and TNIP1 protein-protein interaction with receptor regulating proteins, more recent studies have identified new potential interaction partners and signaling pathways likely modulated by TNIP1. Subdomains within the TNIP1 protein as well as how they interact with ubiquitin have not only been mapped but inflammatory cell- and tissue-specific consequences subsequent to their defective function are being recognized and related to human disease states such as lupus, scleroderma, and psoriasis. In this review, we emphasize receptor signaling complexes and regulation of cytoplasmic signaling steps downstream of TLR given their association with some of the same autoimmune diseases where TNIP1 has been implicated. TNIP1 dysfunction or deficiency may predispose healthy cells to the inflammatory response to otherwise innocuous TLR ligand exposure. The recognition of the anti-inflammatory roles of TNIP1 and improved integrated understanding of its physical and functional association with other signaling pathway proteins may position TNIP1 as a candidate target for the design and/or testing of next-generation anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambon Shamilov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
| | - Brian J. Aneskievich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3092, USA
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42
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Rezaei R, Aslani S, Dashti N, Jamshidi A, Gharibdoost F, Mahmoudi M. Genetic implications in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 21:1478-1486. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Rezaei
- Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Navid Dashti
- Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Farhad Gharibdoost
- Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Lung Involvements in Rheumatic Diseases: Update on the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Features, and Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6930297. [PMID: 29854780 PMCID: PMC5964428 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6930297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lung illness encountered in patients with rheumatic diseases bears clinical significance in terms of increased morbidity and mortality as well as potential challenges placed on patient care. Although our understanding of natural history of this important illness is still limited, epidemiologic knowledge has been accumulated during the past decade to provide useful information on the risk factors and prognosis of lung involvements in rheumatic diseases. Moreover, the pathogenesis particularly in the context of genetics has been greatly updated for both the underlying rheumatic disease and associated lung involvement. This review will focus on the current update on the epidemiologic and genetics features and treatment options of the lung involvements associated with four major rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, myositis, and systemic lupus erythematosus), with more attention to a specific form of involvement or interstitial lung disease.
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44
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Das T, Chen Z, Hendriks RW, Kool M. A20/Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Protein 3 in Immune Cells Controls Development of Autoinflammation and Autoimmunity: Lessons from Mouse Models. Front Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29515565 PMCID: PMC5826380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cell activation is a stringently regulated process, as exaggerated innate and adaptive immune responses can lead to autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Perhaps the best-characterized molecular pathway promoting cell activation is the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Stimulation of this pathway leads to transcription of numerous pro-inflammatory and cell-survival genes. Several mechanisms tightly control NF-κB activity, including the key regulatory zinc finger (de)ubiquitinating enzyme A20/tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vicinity of the TNFAIP3 gene are associated with a spectrum of chronic systemic inflammatory diseases, indicative of its clinical relevance. Mice harboring targeted cell-specific deletions of the Tnfaip3 gene in innate immune cells such as macrophages spontaneously develop autoinflammatory disease. When immune cells involved in the adaptive immune response, such as dendritic cells or B-cells, are targeted for A20/TNFAIP3 deletion, mice develop spontaneous inflammation that resembles human autoimmune disease. Therefore, more knowledge on A20/TNFAIP3 function in cells of the immune system is beneficial in our understanding of autoinflammation and autoimmunity. Using the aforementioned mouse models, novel A20/TNFAIP3 functions have recently been described including control of necroptosis and inflammasome activity. In this review, we discuss the function of the A20/TNFAIP3 enzyme and its critical role in various innate and adaptive immune cells. Finally, we discuss the latest findings on TNFAIP3 SNPs in human autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases and address that genotyping of TNFAIP3 SNPs may guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tridib Das
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhongli Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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45
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Antisense Long Non-Coding RNAs Are Deregulated in Skin Tissue of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:826-835. [PMID: 29179949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of skin and multiple organs of which the pathogenesis is poorly understood. We studied differentially expressed coding and non-coding genes in relation to systemic sclerosis pathogenesis with a specific focus on antisense non-coding RNAs. Skin biopsy-derived RNAs from 14 early systemic sclerosis patients and six healthy individuals were sequenced with ion-torrent and analyzed using DEseq2. Overall, 4,901 genes with a fold change >1.5 and a false discovery rate <5% were detected in patients versus controls. Upregulated genes clustered in immunologic, cell adhesion, and keratin-related processes. Interestingly, 676 deregulated non-coding genes were detected, 257 of which were classified as antisense genes. Sense genes expressed opposite of these antisense genes were also deregulated in 42% of the observed sense-antisense gene pairs. The majority of the antisense genes had a similar effect sizes in an independent North American dataset with three genes (CTBP1-AS2, OTUD6B-AS1, and AGAP2-AS1) exceeding the study-wide Bonferroni-corrected P-value (PBonf < 0.0023, Pcombined = 1.1 × 10-9, 1.4 × 10-8, 1.7 × 10-6, respectively). In this study, we highlight that together with coding genes, (antisense) long non-coding RNAs are deregulated in skin tissue of systemic sclerosis patients suggesting a novel class of genes involved in pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.
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Taher TE, Bystrom J, Ong VH, Isenberg DA, Renaudineau Y, Abraham DJ, Mageed RA. Intracellular B Lymphocyte Signalling and the Regulation of Humoral Immunity and Autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 53:237-264. [PMID: 28456914 PMCID: PMC5597704 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes are critical for effective immunity; they produce antibodies and cytokines, present antigens to T lymphocytes and regulate immune responses. However, because of the inherent randomness in the process of generating their vast repertoire of antigen-specific receptors, B cells can also cause diseases through recognizing and reacting to self. Therefore, B lymphocyte selection and responses require tight regulation at multiple levels and at all stages of their development and activation to avoid diseases. Indeed, newly generated B lymphocytes undergo rigorous tolerance mechanisms in the bone marrow and, subsequently, in the periphery after their migration. Furthermore, activation of mature B cells is regulated through controlled expression of co-stimulatory receptors and intracellular signalling thresholds. All these regulatory events determine whether and how B lymphocytes respond to antigens, by undergoing apoptosis or proliferation. However, defects that alter regulated co-stimulatory receptor expression or intracellular signalling thresholds can lead to diseases. For example, autoimmune diseases can result from altered regulation of B cell responses leading to the emergence of high-affinity autoreactive B cells, autoantibody production and tissue damage. The exact cause(s) of defective B cell responses in autoimmune diseases remains unknown. However, there is evidence that defects or mutations in genes that encode individual intracellular signalling proteins lead to autoimmune diseases, thus confirming that defects in intracellular pathways mediate autoimmune diseases. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge of signalling proteins and pathways that regulate B lymphocyte responses and how defects in these could promote autoimmune diseases. Most of the evidence comes from studies of mouse models of disease and from genetically engineered mice. Some, however, also come from studying B lymphocytes from patients and from genome-wide association studies. Defining proteins and signalling pathways that underpin atypical B cell response in diseases will help in understanding disease mechanisms and provide new therapeutic avenues for precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher E Taher
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jonas Bystrom
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Voon H Ong
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yves Renaudineau
- Immunology Laboratory, University of Brest Medical School, Brest, France
| | - David J Abraham
- Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rizgar A Mageed
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Zhao H, Wang L, Luo H, Li QZ, Zuo X. TNFAIP3 downregulation mediated by histone modification contributes to T-cell dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:835-843. [PMID: 28158872 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective TNF-α-induced protein 3 ( TNFAIP3 ) is one of the major SLE susceptibility genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses through modulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. We aim to assess TNFAIP3 expression in CD4 + T cells and the molecular mechanism underlying TNFAIP3 regulation in the pathogenesis of SLE. Methods The expression and epigenetic regulation of TNFAIP3 in CD4 + T cells from SLE patients and normal controls (NCs) were investigated by RT-quantitative PCR, western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The functional effect of TNFAIP3 was further evaluated by knockdown or overproduction of TNFAIP3 in CD4 + T cells from SLE patients and NCs. Results TNFAIP3 mRNA was significantly downregulated in the CD4 + T cells of SLE patients compared with NCs. The reduced expression of TNFAIP3 was associated with the reduction of H3K4me3 in the gene promoter region. Functional blockage of TNFAIP3 in normal CD4 + T cells using small interfering RNA increased the expression of IFN-γ and IL-17, but not IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5. Nevertheless, overexpression of TNFAIP3 in CD4 + T cells from SLE patients resulted in the suppression of IFN-γ and IL-17 production. Conclusion The downregulation of TNFAIP3 in CD4 + T cells of SLE was potentially regulated by demethylation of histone H3K4, which led to a decreased amount of H3K4me3 in the promoter of the TNFAIP3 gene. The dysregulation of TNFAIP3 in CD4 + T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE by overproduction of inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ and IL-17. TNFAIP3 may serve as a promising target for the treatment of SLE in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lijing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Ye Z, Li X, Anderson JL, Khan M, DaSilva D, Baron M, Wilson D, Bocoun V, Ivacic LC, Schrodi SJ, Smith JA. Genetic and Functional Associations with Decreased Anti-inflammatory Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Induced Protein 3 in Macrophages from Subjects with Axial Spondyloarthritis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:860. [PMID: 28791018 PMCID: PMC5523649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) is an anti-inflammatory protein implicated in multiple autoimmune and rheumatologic conditions. We hypothesized that lower levels of TNFAIP3 contributes to excessive cytokine production in response to inflammatory stimuli in axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA). A further aim was to determine the immune signaling and genetic variation regulating TNFAIP3 expression in individual subjects. Methods Blood-derived macrophages from 50 AxSpA subjects and 30 healthy controls were assessed for TNFAIP3 expression. Cell lysates were also analyzed for NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and STAT3 phosphorylation, and supernatants for cytokine production. Coding and regulatory regions in the TNFAIP3 gene and other auto-inflammation-implicated genes were sequenced by next-generation sequencing and variants identified. Results Mean TNFAIP3 was significantly lower in spondyloarthritis macrophages than controls (p = 0.0085). Spondyloarthritis subject macrophages correspondingly produced more TNF-α in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, p = 0.015). Subjects with the highest TNFAIP3 produced significantly less TNF-α in response to LPS (p = 0.0023). Within AxSpA subjects, those on TNF blockers or with shorter duration of disease expressed lower levels of TNFAIP3 (p = 0.0011 and 0.0030, respectively). TNFAIP3 expression correlated positively with phosphorylated IκBα, phosphorylated MAP kinases, and unstimulated phosphorylated STAT3, but negatively with LPS or TNF-α-stimulated fold induction of phosphorylated STAT3. Further, subjects with specific groups of variants within TNFAIP3 displayed differences in TNFAIP3 (p = 0.03–0.004). Nominal pQTL associations with genetic variants outside TNFAIP3 were identified. Conclusion Our results suggest that both immune functional and genetic variations contribute to the regulation of TNFAIP3 levels in individual subjects. Decreased expression of TNFAIP3 in AxSpA macrophages correlated with increased LPS-induced TNF-α, and thus, TNFAIP3 dysregulation may be a contributor to excessive inflammatory responses in spondyloarthritis subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Zhan Ye
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Biomedical Informatics Research Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer L Anderson
- Integrated Research and Development Laboratory, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Mike Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Douglas DaSilva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Marissa Baron
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Deborah Wilson
- Department of Rheumatology, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Vera Bocoun
- Department of Rheumatology, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Lynn C Ivacic
- Integrated Research and Development Laboratory, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States
| | - Steven J Schrodi
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, United States.,Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Judith A Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Tsou PS, Sawalha AH. Unfolding the pathogenesis of scleroderma through genomics and epigenomics. J Autoimmun 2017; 83:73-94. [PMID: 28526340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With unknown etiology, scleroderma (SSc) is a multifaceted disease characterized by immune activation, vascular complications, and excessive fibrosis in internal organs. Genetic studies, including candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies, and whole-exome sequencing have supported the notion that while genetic susceptibility to SSc appears to be modest, SSc patients are genetically predisposed to this disease. The strongest genetic association for SSc lies within the MHC region, with loci in HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DPB1, and HLA-DOA1 being the most replicated. The non-HLA genes associated with SSc are involved in various functions, with the most robust associations including genes for B and T cell activation and innate immunity. Other pathways include genes involved in extracellular matrix deposition, cytokines, and autophagy. Among these genes, IRF5, STAT4, and CD247 were replicated most frequently while SNPs rs35677470 in DNASE1L3, rs5029939 in TNFAIP3, and rs7574685 in STAT4 have the strongest associations with SSc. In addition to genetic predisposition, it became clear that environmental factors and epigenetic influences also contribute to the development of SSc. Epigenetics, which refers to studies that focus on heritable phenotypes resulting from changes in chromatin structure without affecting the DNA sequence, is one of the most rapidly expanding fields in biomedical research. Indeed extensive epigenetic changes have been described in SSc. Alteration in enzymes and mediators involved in DNA methylation and histone modification, as well as dysregulated non-coding RNA levels all contribute to fibrosis, immune dysregulation, and impaired angiogenesis in this disease. Genes that are affected by epigenetic dysregulation include ones involved in autoimmunity, T cell function and regulation, TGFβ pathway, Wnt pathway, extracellular matrix, and transcription factors governing fibrosis and angiogenesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current findings of SSc genetic susceptibility, followed by an extensive description and a systematic review of epigenetic research that has been carried out to date in SSc. We also summarize the therapeutic potential of drugs that affect epigenetic mechanisms, and outline the future prospective of genomics and epigenomics research in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Suen Tsou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Xu E, Cao H, Lin L, Liu H. rs10499194 polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor-α inducible protein 3 (TNFAIP3) gene is associated with type-1 autoimmune hepatitis risk in Chinese Han population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176471. [PMID: 28448618 PMCID: PMC5407796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that the polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) were associated with several autoimmune diseases. However, the role of TNFAIP3 polymorphisms in type-1 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH-1) remained unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the association of TNFAIP3 polymorphisms with AIH-1 risk in a Chinese Han population. The TaqMan SNP genotyping assay was used to determine the distribution of TNFAIP3 polymorphisms in 432 AIH-1 patients and 500 healthy controls. The association of TNFAIP3 polymorphisms and clinical characteristic was further evaluated. Five TNFAIP3 polymorphisms (rs2230926, rs5029939, rs10499194, rs6920220, rs582757) were analyzed in the present study. No significant association could be observed between rs2230926, rs5029939, rs6920220, rs582757 and the susceptibility to AIH-1 in Chinese Han population. Compared with wild-type genotype CC at rs10499194, individuals carrying CT genotype had a significantly increased risk for developing AIH-1 (OR = 2.32, 95%CI 1.44-3.74). Under a dominant model, CT/TT carriers have a 140% increased risk of AIH-1 than CC carriers (OR = 2.40, 95%CI 1.50-3.87). The rs10499194 T allele was also found to be significantly associated with AIH-1 risk (OR = 2.41, 95%CI 1.51-3.82). In addition, higher serum ALT, AST levels and more common cirrhosis were observed in AIH-1 patients with T allele (CT/TT) than those with CC genotype. In conclusion, TNFAIP3 rs10499194 T allele and CT genotype were associated with an increased risk for AIH-1, suggesting rs10499194 polymorphism as a candidate of susceptibility locus to AIH-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enbin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, No.404 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Weihai, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hailian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, No.404 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, No.404 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Weihai, Shandong, China
| | - Honglong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, No.404 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Weihai, Shandong, China
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