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Qi Y, Zhao Y, Xia J, Hu B, Li X, Li Q, Yang Z, Yao W, Hao C. Jun and JunB members of the AP-1 complex are potential therapeutic targets for silicosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134024. [PMID: 39032899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Silicosis is a systemic disease with predominantly diffuse fibrosis of the lungs due to prolonged inhalation of free SiO2 dust during the manufacturing process, for which there is no effective treatment. In this study, we used a combined epigenetic and transcriptomic approach to reveal the chromatin-opening features of silicosis and identify the key transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) that responds to silicosis fibrosis. Therapeutic administration of an AP-1 inhibitor inhibits the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, reduces fibrosis marker proteins, and significantly ameliorates lung fibrosis in a mouse model of silicosis. In addition, it was observed that the expression of Jun and JunB was significantly up-regulated in a TGF-β1-induced in vitro transdifferentiation model of NIH/3T3 cells, and Co-IP confirmed that a protein complex could be formed between Jun and JunB. Mechanistically, silencing of Jun and JunB expression reversed the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and the upregulation of fibrosis marker proteins in NIH/3 T3 cells after TGF-β1 stimulation. Taken together, Jun/JunB is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for silicosis fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmeng Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan, China
| | - YouLiang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan, China
| | - JiaRui Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Botao Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Qimeng Li
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Child and Adolescence Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Henan, China.
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2
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Qin S, Niu Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhou J, Bai Y, Ma G. Metal Ion-Containing Hydrogels: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3217-3248. [PMID: 38237033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel, as a unique scaffold material, features a three-dimensional network system that provides conducive conditions for the growth of cells and tissues in bone tissue engineering (BTE). In recent years, it has been discovered that metal ion-containing hybridized hydrogels, synthesized with metal particles as the foundation, exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, osteoinductivity, and osteogenic potential. They offer a wide range of research prospects in the field of BTE. This review provides an overview of the current state and recent advancements in research concerning metal ion-containing hydrogels in the field of BTE. Within materials science, it covers topics such as the binding mechanisms of metal ions within hydrogel networks, the types and fabrication methods of various metal ion-containing hydrogels, and the influence of metal ions on the properties of hydrogels. In the context of BTE, the review delves into the osteogenic mechanisms of various metal ions, the applications of metal ion-containing hydrogels in BTE, and relevant experimental studies in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, future improvements in bone repair can be anticipated through advancements in bone bionics, exploring interactions between metal ions and the development of a wider range of metal ions and hydrogel types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengao Qin
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Niu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150020, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health and Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- Department of VIP Dental Service, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Oral and General Health Integration and Translation, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Bai
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
| | - Guowu Ma
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 West Section, Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
- Academician Laboratory of Immune and Oral Development & Regeneration, Dalian Medical University, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, P. R. China
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated School of Stomatology of Dalian Medical University, No. 397 Huangpu Road, Shahekou District, Dalian 116086, P. R. China
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Rengel BD, Schuler-Faccini L, Fraga LR, Vianna FSL, Kowalski TW. Possible New Candidates Involved to Thalidomide-Related Limbs and Cardiac Defects: A Systems Biology Approach. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10790-w. [PMID: 38689186 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10790-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Thalidomide is a known teratogen that causes malformations especially in heart and limbs. Its mechanism of teratogenicity is still not fully elucidated. Recently, a new target of thalidomide was described, TBX5, and was observed a new interaction between HAND2 and TBX5 that is disrupted in the presence of thalidomide. Therefore, our study aimed to raise potential candidates for thalidomide teratogenesis, through systems biology, evaluating HAND2 and TBX5 interaction and heart and limbs malformations of thalidomide. Genes and proteins related to TBX5 and HAND2 were selected through TF2DNA, REACTOME, Human Phenotype Ontology, and InterPro databases. Networks were assembled using STRING © database. Network analysis were performed in Cytoscape © and R v3.6.2. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis was performed through gene expression omnibus. We constructed a network for HAND2 and TBX5 interaction; a network for heart and limbs malformations of TE; and the two joined networks. We observed that EP300 protein seemed to be important in all networks. We also looked for proteins containing C2H2 domain in the assembled networks. ZIC3, GLI1, GLI3, ZNF148, and PRDM16 were the ones present in both heart and limbs malformations of TE networks. Furthermore, in the DGE analysis after treatment with thalidomide, we observed that FANCB, ESCO2, and XRCC2 were downregulated and present both in heart and limbs networks. Through systems biology, we were able to point to different new proteins and genes, and selected specially EP300, which was important in all the analyzed networks, to be further evaluated in the TE teratogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Duarte Rengel
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Brazilian Teratogen Information Service (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Ramiro Barcelos Street, 2350, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-903, Brazil.
- Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Takegahara N, Kim H, Choi Y. Unraveling the intricacies of osteoclast differentiation and maturation: insight into novel therapeutic strategies for bone-destructive diseases. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:264-272. [PMID: 38297158 PMCID: PMC10907717 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the principal cells that efficiently resorb bone. Numerous studies have attempted to reveal the molecular pathways leading to the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts to improve the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and other bone-destructive diseases. While the cumulative knowledge of osteoclast regulatory molecules, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), contributes to the understanding of the developmental progression of osteoclasts, little is known about how the discrete steps of osteoclastogenesis modify osteoclast status but not the absolute number of osteoclasts. The regulatory mechanisms involved in osteoclast maturation but not those involved in differentiation deserve special attention due to their potential use in establishing a more effective treatment strategy: targeting late-phase differentiation while preserving coupled bone formation. Recent studies have shed light on the molecules that govern late-phase osteoclast differentiation and maturation, as well as the metabolic changes needed to adapt to shifting metabolic demands. This review outlines the current understanding of the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, as well as osteoclast metabolic adaptation as a differentiation control mechanism. Additionally, this review introduces molecules that regulate the late-phase osteoclast differentiation and thus minimally impact coupled bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Takegahara
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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5
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Maili L, Tandon B, Yuan Q, Menezes S, Chiu F, Hashmi SS, Letra A, Eisenhoffer GT, Hecht JT. Disruption of fos causes craniofacial anomalies in developing zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1141893. [PMID: 37664458 PMCID: PMC10469461 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1141893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial development is a complex and tightly regulated process and disruptions can lead to structural birth defects, the most common being nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP). Previously, we identified FOS as a candidate regulator of NSCLP through family-based association studies, yet its specific contributions to oral and palatal formation are poorly understood. This study investigated the role of fos during zebrafish craniofacial development through genetic disruption and knockdown approaches. Fos was expressed in the periderm, olfactory epithelium and other cell populations in the head. Genetic perturbation of fos produced an abnormal craniofacial phenotype with a hypoplastic oral cavity that showed significant changes in midface dimensions by quantitative facial morphometric analysis. Loss and knockdown of fos caused increased cell apoptosis in the head, followed by a significant reduction in cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) populating the upper and lower jaws. These changes resulted in abnormalities of cartilage, bone and pharyngeal teeth formation. Periderm cells surrounding the oral cavity showed altered morphology and a subset of cells in the upper and lower lip showed disrupted Wnt/β-catenin activation, consistent with modified inductive interactions between mesenchymal and epithelial cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that perturbation of fos has detrimental effects on oral epithelial and CNCC-derived tissues suggesting that it plays a critical role in zebrafish craniofacial development and a potential role in NSCLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Maili
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Bhavna Tandon
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qiuping Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Simone Menezes
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frankie Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - S. Shahrukh Hashmi
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - George T. Eisenhoffer
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jacqueline T. Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Genetics and Epigenetics Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas Health Science Center School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Mansell JP, Tanatani A, Kagechika H. An N-Cyanoamide Derivative of Lithocholic Acid Co-Operates with Lysophosphatidic Acid to Promote Human Osteoblast (MG63) Differentiation. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1113. [PMID: 37509149 PMCID: PMC10377543 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Less-calcaemic vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists have the potential to promote osteoblast maturation in a bone regenerative setting. The emergence of lithocholic acid (LCA) as a bona fide VDR agonist holds promise as an adjunct for arthroplasty following reports that it was less calcaemic than calcitriol (1,25D). However, LCA and some earlier derivatives, e.g., LCA acetate, had to be used at much higher concentrations than 1,25D to elicit comparable effects on osteoblasts. However, recent developments have led to the generation of far more potent LCA derivatives that even outperform the efficacy of 1,25D. These new compounds include the cyanoamide derivative, Dcha-150 (also known as AY2-79). In light of this significant development, we sought to ascertain the ability of Dcha-150 to promote human osteoblast maturation by monitoring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) expression. The treatment of MG63 cells with Dcha-150 led to the production of OC. When Dcha-150 was co-administered with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or an LPA analogue, a synergistic increase in ALP activity occurred, with Dcha-150 showing greater potency compared to 1,25D. We also provide evidence that this synergy is likely attributed to the actions of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-serum response factor (SRF) gene transcription following LPA-receptor-induced cytoskeletal reorganisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Mansell
- School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Aya Tanatani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kagechika
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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7
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Bevill SM, Casaní-Galdón S, El Farran CA, Cytrynbaum EG, Macias KA, Oldeman SE, Oliveira KJ, Moore MM, Hegazi E, Adriaens C, Najm FJ, Demetri GD, Cohen S, Mullen JT, Riggi N, Johnstone SE, Bernstein BE. Impact of supraphysiologic MDM2 expression on chromatin networks and therapeutic responses in sarcoma. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100321. [PMID: 37492096 PMCID: PMC10363746 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of MDM2 on supernumerary chromosomes is a common mechanism of P53 inactivation across tumors. Here, we investigated the impact of MDM2 overexpression on chromatin, gene expression, and cellular phenotypes in liposarcoma. Three independent regulatory circuits predominate in aggressive, dedifferentiated tumors. RUNX and AP-1 family transcription factors bind mesenchymal gene enhancers. P53 and MDM2 co-occupy enhancers and promoters associated with P53 signaling. When highly expressed, MDM2 also binds thousands of P53-independent growth and stress response genes, whose promoters engage in multi-way topological interactions. Overexpressed MDM2 concentrates within nuclear foci that co-localize with PML and YY1 and could also contribute to P53-independent phenotypes associated with supraphysiologic MDM2. Importantly, we observe striking cell-to-cell variability in MDM2 copy number and expression in tumors and models. Whereas liposarcoma cells are generally sensitive to MDM2 inhibitors and their combination with pro-apoptotic drugs, MDM2-high cells tolerate them and may underlie the poor clinical efficacy of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Bevill
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salvador Casaní-Galdón
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chadi A. El Farran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eli G. Cytrynbaum
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kevin A. Macias
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sylvie E. Oldeman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kayla J. Oliveira
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Molly M. Moore
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Esmat Hegazi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carmen Adriaens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fadi J. Najm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - George D. Demetri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sonia Cohen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John T. Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Genomics (CTG), Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sarah E. Johnstone
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bradley E. Bernstein
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Voraberger B, Mayr JA, Fratzl-Zelman N, Blouin S, Uday S, Kopajtich R, Koedam M, Hödlmayr H, Wortmann SB, Csillag B, Prokisch H, van der Eerden BCJ, El-Gazzar A, Högler W. Investigating the role of ASCC1 in the causation of bone fragility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1137573. [PMID: 37455927 PMCID: PMC10348481 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1137573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bi-allelic variants in ASCC1 cause the ultrarare bone fragility disorder "spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures-2" (SMABF2). However, the mechanism by which ASCC1 dysfunction leads to this musculoskeletal condition and the nature of the associated bone defect are poorly understood. By exome sequencing, we identified a novel homozygous deletion in ASCC1 in a female infant. She was born with severe muscular hypotonia, inability to breathe and swallow, and virtual absence of spontaneous movements; showed progressive brain atrophy, gracile long bones, very slender ribs, and a femur fracture; and died from respiratory failure aged 3 months. A transiliac bone sample taken postmortem revealed a distinct microstructural bone phenotype with low trabecular bone volume, low bone remodeling, disordered collagen organization, and an abnormally high bone marrow adiposity. Proteomics, RNA sequencing, and qPCR in patient-derived skin fibroblasts confirmed that ASCC1 was hardly expressed on protein and RNA levels compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mutated ASCC1 is associated with a downregulation of RUNX2, the master regulator of osteoblastogenesis, and SERPINF1, which is involved in osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. It also exerts an inhibitory effect on TGF-β/SMAD signaling, which is important for bone development. Additionally, knockdown of ASCC1 in human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) suppressed their differentiation capacity into osteoblasts while increasing their differentiation into adipocytes. This resulted in reduced mineralization and elevated formation of lipid droplets. These findings shed light onto the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying SMABF2 and assign a new biological role to ASCC1 acting as an important pro-osteoblastogenic and anti-adipogenic regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Voraberger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Johannes A. Mayr
- University Children’s Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1 Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1 Medical Department, Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Bone and Growth Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Suma Uday
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Kopajtich
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marijke Koedam
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Helena Hödlmayr
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Saskia B. Wortmann
- University Children’s Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Bernhard Csillag
- Department of Neonatology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bram C. J. van der Eerden
- Laboratory for Calcium and Bone Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ahmed El-Gazzar
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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9
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Lamandé SR, Ng ES, Cameron TL, Kung LHW, Sampurno L, Rowley L, Lilianty J, Patria YN, Stenta T, Hanssen E, Bell KM, Saxena R, Stok KS, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Bateman JF. Modeling human skeletal development using human pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211510120. [PMID: 37126720 PMCID: PMC10175848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211510120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes and osteoblasts differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will provide insights into skeletal development and genetic skeletal disorders and will generate cells for regenerative medicine applications. Here, we describe a method that directs iPSC-derived sclerotome to chondroprogenitors in 3D pellet culture then to articular chondrocytes or, alternatively, along the growth plate cartilage pathway to become hypertrophic chondrocytes that can transition to osteoblasts. Osteogenic organoids deposit and mineralize a collagen I extracellular matrix (ECM), mirroring in vivo endochondral bone formation. We have identified gene expression signatures at key developmental stages including chondrocyte maturation, hypertrophy, and transition to osteoblasts and show that this system can be used to model genetic cartilage and bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen R. Lamandé
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S. Ng
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Trevor L. Cameron
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Louise H. W. Kung
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa Sampurno
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lynn Rowley
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jinia Lilianty
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yudha Nur Patria
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Tayla Stenta
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Ian Holmes Imaging Center and Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Katrina M. Bell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ritika Saxena
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathryn S. Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John F. Bateman
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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10
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Puts R, Khaffaf A, Shaka M, Zhang H, Raum K. Focused Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (FLIPUS) Mitigates Apoptosis of MLO-Y4 Osteocyte-like Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030387. [PMID: 36978778 PMCID: PMC10045139 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Long cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes orchestrate bone activity by integration of biochemical and mechanical signals and regulate load-induced bone adaptation. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) is a clinically used technique for fracture healing that delivers mechanical impulses to the damaged bone tissue in a non-invasive and non-ionizing manner. The mechanism of action of LIPUS is still controversially discussed in the scientific community. In this study, the effect of focused LIPUS (FLIPUS) on the survival of starved MLO-Y4 osteocytes was investigated in vitro. Osteocytes stimulated for 10 min with FLIPUS exhibited extended dendrites, which formed frequent connections to neighboring cells and spanned longer distances. The sonicated cells displayed thick actin bundles and experienced increase in expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) proteins, especially on their dendrites, and E11 glycoprotein, which is responsible for the elongation of cellular cytoplasmic processes. After stimulation, expression of cell growth and survival genes as well as genes related to cell-cell communication was augmented. In addition, cell viability was improved after the sonication, and a decrease in ATP release in the medium was observed. In summary, FLIPUS mitigated apoptosis of starved osteocytes, which is likely related to the formation of the extensive dendritic network that ensured cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Puts
- Center for Biomedicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aseel Khaffaf
- Center for Biomedicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Shaka
- Center for Biomedicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hui Zhang
- Center for Biomedicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kay Raum
- Center for Biomedicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Sun B, Huang Y, Castro LFC, Yang S, Huang S, Jin W, Zhou H, Ijiri S, Luo Y, Gao J, Cao X. The chromosome-level genome and key genes associated with mud-dwelling behavior and adaptations of hypoxia and noxious environments in loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). BMC Biol 2023; 21:18. [PMID: 36726103 PMCID: PMC9893644 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01517-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), the most widely distributed species of the family Cobitidae, displays a mud-dwelling behavior and intestinal air-breathing, inhabiting the muddy bottom of extensive freshwater habitats. However, lack of high-quality reference genome seriously limits the interpretation of the genetic basis of specialized adaptations of the loach to the adverse environments including but not limited to the extreme water temperature, hypoxic and noxious mud environment. RESULTS This study generated a 1.10-Gb high-quality, chromosome-anchored genome assembly, with a contig N50 of 3.83 Mb. Multiple comparative genomic analyses found that proto-oncogene c-Fos (fos), a regulator of bone development, is positively selected in loach. Knockout of fos (ID: Mis0086400.1) led to severe osteopetrosis and movement difficulties, combined with the comparison results of bone mineral density, supporting the hypothesis that fos is associated with loach mud-dwelling behavior. Based on genomic and transcriptomic analysis, we identified two key elements involved in the intestinal air-breathing of loach: a novel gene (ID: mis0158000.1) and heat shock protein beta-1 (hspb1). The flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (fmo5) genes, central to xenobiotic metabolism, undergone expansion in loach and were identified as differentially expressed genes in a drug stress trial. A fmo5-/- (ID: Mis0185930.1) loach displayed liver and intestine injury, indicating the importance of this gene to the adaptation of the loach to the noxious mud. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of biological adaptation to adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Postal address: No.1 Shizishan Stress, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Postal address: No.1 Shizishan Stress, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research of the University of Porto, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Department of Biology, University of Porto, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Su Yang
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Postal address: No.1 Shizishan Stress, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Songqian Huang
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wu Jin
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - He Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Shigeho Ijiri
- Division of Marine Life Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Postal address: No.1 Shizishan Stress, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Postal address: No.1 Shizishan Stress, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Postal address: No.1 Shizishan Stress, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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12
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Kubra K, Gaddu GK, Liongue C, Heidary S, Ward AC, Dhillon AS, Basheer F. Phylogenetic and Expression Analysis of Fos Transcription Factors in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710098. [PMID: 36077499 PMCID: PMC9456341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the FOS protein family regulate gene expression responses to a multitude of extracellular signals and are dysregulated in several pathological states. Whilst mouse genetic models have provided key insights into the tissue-specific functions of these proteins in vivo, little is known about their roles during early vertebrate embryonic development. This study examined the potential of using zebrafish as a model for such studies and, more broadly, for investigating the mechanisms regulating the functions of Fos proteins in vivo. Through phylogenetic and sequence analysis, we identified six zebrafish FOS orthologues, fosaa, fosab, fosb, fosl1a, fosl1b, and fosl2, which show high conservation in key regulatory domains and post-translational modification sites compared to their equivalent human proteins. During embryogenesis, zebrafish fos genes exhibit both overlapping and distinct spatiotemporal patterns of expression in specific cell types and tissues. Most fos genes are also expressed in a variety of adult zebrafish tissues. As in humans, we also found that expression of zebrafish FOS orthologs is induced by oncogenic BRAF-ERK signalling in zebrafish melanomas. These findings suggest that zebrafish represent an alternate model to mice for investigating the regulation and functions of Fos proteins in vertebrate embryonic and adult tissues, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadizatul Kubra
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Gurveer K. Gaddu
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Somayyeh Heidary
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C. Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Amardeep S. Dhillon
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3084, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, LaTrobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute of Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.S.D.); (F.B.)
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13
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Bao Q, Gu Y, Liang C, Chu M, Guo X, Bao P, Yan P. The Landscape of Accessible Chromatin during Yak Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179960. [PMID: 36077381 PMCID: PMC9456067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although significant advancement has been made in the study of adipogenesis, knowledge about how chromatin accessibility regulates yak adipogenesis is lacking. We here described genome-wide dynamic chromatin accessibility in preadipocytes and adipocytes by using the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq), and thus revealed the unique characteristics of open chromatin during yak adipocyte differentiation. The chromatin accessibility of preadipocytes and adipocytes exhibited a similar genomic distribution, displaying a preferential location within the intergenic region, intron, and promoter. The pathway enrichment analysis identified that genes with differential chromatin accessibility were involved in adipogenic metabolism regulation pathways, such as the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR) signaling pathway, wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway, and extracellular matrix-receptor (ECM–receptor) interaction. Integration of ATAC-seq and mRNA-seq revealed that genes with a high expression were associated with high levels of chromatin accessibility, especially within 1 kb upstream and downstream of the transcription start site. In addition, we identified a series of transcription factors (TFs) related to adipogenesis and created the TF regulatory network, providing the possible interactions between TFs during yak adipogenesis. This study is crucial for advancing the understanding of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of adipogenesis and provides valuable information for understanding the adaptation of plateau species to high-altitude environments by maintaining whole body homeostasis through fat metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Qi Bao
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yarong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Ping Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-216-4180
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14
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Ciallella HL, Russo DP, Sharma S, Li Y, Sloter E, Sweet L, Huang H, Zhu H. Predicting Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Based On the Combination of Chemical Structures and Biological Data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5984-5998. [PMID: 35451820 PMCID: PMC9191745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
For hazard identification, classification, and labeling purposes, animal testing guidelines are required by law to evaluate the developmental toxicity potential of new and existing chemical products. However, guideline developmental toxicity studies are costly, time-consuming, and require many laboratory animals. Computational modeling has emerged as a promising, animal-sparing, and cost-effective method for evaluating the developmental toxicity potential of chemicals, such as endocrine disruptors, without the use of animals. We aimed to develop a predictive and explainable computational model for developmental toxicants. To this end, a comprehensive dataset of 1244 chemicals with developmental toxicity classifications was curated from public repositories and literature sources. Data from 2140 toxicological high-throughput screening assays were extracted from PubChem and the ToxCast program for this dataset and combined with information about 834 chemical fragments to group assays based on their chemical-mechanistic relationships. This effort revealed two assay clusters containing 83 and 76 assays, respectively, with high positive predictive rates for developmental toxicants identified with animal testing guidelines (PPV = 72.4 and 77.3% during cross-validation). These two assay clusters can be used as developmental toxicity models and were applied to predict new chemicals for external validation. This study provides a new strategy for constructing alternative chemical developmental toxicity evaluations that can be replicated for other toxicity modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Ciallella
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Daniel P. Russo
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA
| | - Swati Sharma
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Yafan Li
- The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, OH, 44092, USA
| | - Eddie Sloter
- The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, OH, 44092, USA
| | - Len Sweet
- The Lubrizol Corporation, Wickliffe, OH, 44092, USA
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, 08102, USA
- Corresponding Author333 Hao Zhu, 201 South Broadway, Joint Health Sciences Center, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08103; Telephone: (856) 225-6781;
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15
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A Network Pharmacology-Based Study on Vital Pharmacological Pathways and Targets of Eucommiae Cortex Acting on Osteoporosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8510842. [PMID: 35402622 PMCID: PMC8991390 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8510842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Eucommiae Cortex is a Chinese herbal medicine with bone protective effects and treats osteoporosis. This study aimed to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of this complex mixture. Methods The active compounds and disease targets involved in the study were obtained from publicly available websites and databases. Core target genes were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and topology analysis and mapped to critical components by a “component-target” regulatory network. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO)analysis were performed to analyze the biological processes of target genes. Moreover, we carried out molecular docking, cell experiments, and quantitative real-time PCR to propel the research forward. Results Eucommiae Cortex contained 28 active ingredients and 85 potential targets for antiosteoporosis. PPI networks and topology analysis screened 17 core target genes. The therapeutic mechanism involves a series of biological reactions, including host-virus response, chemical stress, oxidative stress, and cell cycle control. The KEGG enrichment illustrated that the MAPK signaling pathway might play a significant role. The final experiment detected ten genes (EGF, AKT1, JUN, MAPK8, MAPK1, CASP3, FOS, VEGFA, EGFR, and MYC) and three compounds (quercetin, kaempferol, and beta- carotene) in the MAPK pathway. Firstly, the CCK-8 and ALP activity test results showed that three compounds could enhance the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Secondly, molecular docking confirmed the favorable binding potential. Subsequently, we observed that adding 1∗10−6 mol/L quercetin, 1∗10−5 mol/L kaempferol, and 1∗10−5 mol/L beta-carotene activated the ERK/JNK cascades and the heterodimer complex AP-1(Fos/Jun) in the MAPK pathway. Conclusion MAPK pathway might provide an essential mechanism for the antiosteoporosis effect of Eucommiae Cortex. Eucommiae Cortex and its active ingredients have the potential to treat osteoporosis.
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16
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Gu F, Zhang K, Li J, Xie X, Wen Q, Sui Z, Su Z, Yu T. Changes of Migration, Immunoregulation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Different Stages of Inflammation. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:25-33. [PMID: 34975296 PMCID: PMC8692114 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.58428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone infection has always been the focus of orthopedic research. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the natural progenitors of osteoblasts, and the process of osteogenesis is triggered in response to different signals from the extracellular matrix. MSCs exert important functions including secretion and immune regulation and also play a key role in bone regeneration. The biological behavior of MSCs in acute and chronic inflammation, especially the transformation between acute inflammation and chronic inflammation, has aroused great interest among researchers. This paper reviews the recent literature and summarizes the behavior and biological characteristics of MSCs in acute and chronic inflammation to stimulate further research on MSCs and treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zilong Su
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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17
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Gu W, Wang L, Gu R, Ouyang H, Bao B, Zheng L, Xu B. Defects of cohesin loader lead to bone dysplasia associated with transcriptional disturbance. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8208-8225. [PMID: 34170011 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cohesin loader nipped-B-like protein (Nipbl) is increasingly recognized for its important role in development and cancer. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), mostly caused by heterozygous mutations of Nipbl, is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by multiorgan malformations. However, the regulatory role and underlying mechanism of Nipbl in skeletal development remain largely elusive. In this study, we constructed a Nipbl-a Cas9-knockout (KO) zebrafish, which displayed severe retardation of global growth and skeletal development. Deficiency of Nipbl remarkably compromised cell growth and survival, and osteogenic differentiation of mammalian osteoblast precursors. Furthermore, Nipbl depletion impaired the cell cycle process, and caused DNA damage accumulation and cellular senescence. In addition, nucleolar fibrillarin expression, global rRNA biogenesis, and protein translation were defective in the Nipbl-depleted osteoblast precursors. Interestingly, an integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB), partially rescued Nipbl depletion-induced cellular defects in proliferation and apoptosis, osteogenesis, and nucleolar function. Simultaneously, we performed transcriptome analysis of Nipbl deficiency on human neural crest cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts in combination with Nipbl ChIP-Seq. We found that Nipbl deficiency caused thousands of differentially expressed genes including some important genes in bone and cartilage development. In conclusion, Nipbl deficiency compromised skeleton development through impairing osteoblast precursor cell proliferation and survival, and osteogenic differentiation, and also disturbing the expression of some osteogenesis-regulatory genes. Our study elucidated that Nipbl played a pivotal role in skeleton development, and supported the fact that treatment of ISRIB may provide an early intervention strategy to alleviate the bone dysplasia of CdLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuai Gu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Renjie Gu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiya Ouyang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baicheng Bao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Orthodontic Department, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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18
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Meunier J, Villar-Quiles RN, Duband-Goulet I, Ferreiro A. Inherited Defects of the ASC-1 Complex in Congenital Neuromuscular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116039. [PMID: 34204919 PMCID: PMC8199739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in transcriptional and cell cycle regulation have emerged as novel pathophysiological mechanisms in congenital neuromuscular disease with the recent identification of mutations in the TRIP4 and ASCC1 genes, encoding, respectively, ASC-1 and ASCC1, two subunits of the ASC-1 (Activating Signal Cointegrator-1) complex. This complex is a poorly known transcriptional coregulator involved in transcriptional, post-transcriptional or translational activities. Inherited defects in components of the ASC-1 complex have been associated with several autosomal recessive phenotypes, including severe and mild forms of striated muscle disease (congenital myopathy with or without myocardial involvement), but also cases diagnosed of motor neuron disease (spinal muscular atrophy). Additionally, antenatal bone fractures were present in the reported patients with ASCC1 mutations. Functional studies revealed that the ASC-1 subunit is a novel regulator of cell cycle, proliferation and growth in muscle and non-muscular cells. In this review, we summarize and discuss the available data on the clinical and histopathological phenotypes associated with inherited defects of the ASC-1 complex proteins, the known genotype–phenotype correlations, the ASC-1 pathophysiological role, the puzzling question of motoneuron versus primary muscle involvement and potential future research avenues, illustrating the study of rare monogenic disorders as an interesting model paradigm to understand major physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Meunier
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, UMR8251, University of Paris/National Center for Scientific Research, 75013 Paris, France; (J.M.); (R.-N.V.-Q.)
| | - Rocio-Nur Villar-Quiles
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, UMR8251, University of Paris/National Center for Scientific Research, 75013 Paris, France; (J.M.); (R.-N.V.-Q.)
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Institute of Myology, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Duband-Goulet
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, UMR8251, University of Paris/National Center for Scientific Research, 75013 Paris, France; (J.M.); (R.-N.V.-Q.)
- Correspondence: (I.D.-G.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-1-5727-7965 (I.D.-G.); +33-1-5727-7959 (A.F.)
| | - Ana Ferreiro
- Basic and Translational Myology Laboratory, UMR8251, University of Paris/National Center for Scientific Research, 75013 Paris, France; (J.M.); (R.-N.V.-Q.)
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, APHP, Institute of Myology, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (I.D.-G.); (A.F.); Tel.: +33-1-5727-7965 (I.D.-G.); +33-1-5727-7959 (A.F.)
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19
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Watson AW, Grant AD, Parker SS, Hill S, Whalen MB, Chakrabarti J, Harman MW, Roman MR, Forte BL, Gowan CC, Castro-Portuguez R, Stolze LK, Franck C, Cusanovich DA, Zavros Y, Padi M, Romanoski CE, Mouneimne G. Breast tumor stiffness instructs bone metastasis via maintenance of mechanical conditioning. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109293. [PMID: 34192535 PMCID: PMC8312405 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While the immediate and transitory response of breast cancer cells to pathological stiffness in their native microenvironment has been well explored, it remains unclear how stiffness-induced phenotypes are maintained over time after cancer cell dissemination in vivo. Here, we show that fibrotic-like matrix stiffness promotes distinct metastatic phenotypes in cancer cells, which are preserved after transition to softer microenvironments, such as bone marrow. Using differential gene expression analysis of stiffness-responsive breast cancer cells, we establish a multigenic score of mechanical conditioning (MeCo) and find that it is associated with bone metastasis in patients with breast cancer. The maintenance of mechanical conditioning is regulated by RUNX2, an osteogenic transcription factor, established driver of bone metastasis, and mitotic bookmarker that preserves chromatin accessibility at target gene loci. Using genetic and functional approaches, we demonstrate that mechanical conditioning maintenance can be simulated, repressed, or extended, with corresponding changes in bone metastatic potential. Watson et al. demonstrate that mechanical conditioning by stiff microenvironments in breast tumors is maintained in cancer cells after dissemination to softer microenvironments, including bone marrow. They show that mechanical conditioning promotes invasion and osteolysis and establish a mechanical conditioning (MeCo) score, associated with bone metastasis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Watson
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; MeCo Diagnostics, Tucson, AZ 85718, USA
| | - Adam D Grant
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Sara S Parker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Samantha Hill
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Michael B Whalen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Jayati Chakrabarti
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Michael W Harman
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | | | | | - Cody C Gowan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | - Lindsey K Stolze
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Christian Franck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Darren A Cusanovich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Yana Zavros
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Megha Padi
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Casey E Romanoski
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Ghassan Mouneimne
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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20
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Taguchi YH, Turki T. Unsupervised tensor decomposition-based method to extract candidate transcription factors as histone modification bookmarks in post-mitotic transcriptional reactivation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251032. [PMID: 34032804 PMCID: PMC8148352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone group added to a gene sequence must be removed during mitosis to halt transcription during the DNA replication stage of the cell cycle. However, the detailed mechanism of this transcription regulation remains unclear. In particular, it is not realistic to reconstruct all appropriate histone modifications throughout the genome from scratch after mitosis. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that there might be a type of “bookmark” that retains the positions of histone modifications, which can be readily restored after mitosis. We developed a novel computational approach comprising tensor decomposition (TD)-based unsupervised feature extraction (FE) to identify transcription factors (TFs) that bind to genes associated with reactivated histone modifications as candidate histone bookmarks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of TD-based unsupervised FE to the cell division context and phases pertaining to the cell cycle in general. The candidate TFs identified with this approach were functionally related to cell division, suggesting the suitability of this method and the potential of the identified TFs as bookmarks for histone modification during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-h. Taguchi
- Department of Physics, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Turki Turki
- Department of Computer Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Sawicka A, Villamil G, Lidschreiber M, Darzacq X, Dugast-Darzacq C, Schwalb B, Cramer P. Transcription activation depends on the length of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107015. [PMID: 33555055 PMCID: PMC8090853 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (Pol II) contains a tail‐like, intrinsically disordered carboxy‐terminal domain (CTD) comprised of heptad‐repeats, that functions in coordination of the transcription cycle and in coupling transcription to co‐transcriptional processes. The CTD repeat number varies between species and generally increases with genome size, but the reasons for this are unclear. Here, we show that shortening the CTD in human cells to half of its length does not generally change pre‐mRNA synthesis or processing in cells. However, CTD shortening decreases the duration of promoter‐proximal Pol II pausing, alters transcription of putative enhancer elements, and delays transcription activation after stimulation of the MAP kinase pathway. We suggest that a long CTD is required for efficient enhancer‐dependent recruitment of Pol II to target genes for their rapid activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sawicka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriel Villamil
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lidschreiber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xavier Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Claire Dugast-Darzacq
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Björn Schwalb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Caputo VS, Trasanidis N, Xiao X, Robinson ME, Katsarou A, Ponnusamy K, Prinjha RK, Smithers N, Chaidos A, Auner HW, Karadimitris A. Brd2/4 and Myc regulate alternative cell lineage programmes during early osteoclast differentiation in vitro. iScience 2021; 24:101989. [PMID: 33490899 PMCID: PMC7807155 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclast (OC) development in response to nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) is critical for bone homeostasis in health and in disease. The early and direct chromatin regulatory changes imparted by the BET chromatin readers Brd2-4 and OC-affiliated transcription factors (TFs) during osteoclastogenesis are not known. Here, we demonstrate that in response to RANKL, early OC development entails regulation of two alternative cell fate transcriptional programmes, OC vs macrophage, with repression of the latter following activation of the former. Both programmes are regulated in a non-redundant manner by increased chromatin binding of Brd2 at promoters and of Brd4 at enhancers/super-enhancers. Myc, the top RANKL-induced TF, regulates OC development in co-operation with Brd2/4 and Max and by establishing negative and positive regulatory loops with other lineage-affiliated TFs. These insights into the transcriptional regulation of osteoclastogenesis suggest the clinical potential of selective targeting of Brd2/4 to abrogate pathological OC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina S. Caputo
- Hugh & Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Trasanidis
- Hugh & Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hugh & Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark E. Robinson
- Hugh & Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexia Katsarou
- Hugh & Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kanagaraju Ponnusamy
- Hugh & Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | | | - Aristeidis Chaidos
- Hugh & Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Holger W. Auner
- Hugh & Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anastasios Karadimitris
- Hugh & Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Haematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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23
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Piovani L, Czarkwiani A, Ferrario C, Sugni M, Oliveri P. Ultrastructural and molecular analysis of the origin and differentiation of cells mediating brittle star skeletal regeneration. BMC Biol 2021; 19:9. [PMID: 33461552 PMCID: PMC7814545 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00937-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regeneration is the ability to re-grow body parts or tissues after trauma, and it is widespread across metazoans. Cells involved in regeneration can arise from a pool of undifferentiated proliferative cells or be recruited from pre-existing differentiated tissues. Both mechanisms have been described in different phyla; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms employed by different animals to restore lost tissues as well as the source of cells involved in regeneration remain largely unknown. Echinoderms are a clade of deuterostome invertebrates that show striking larval and adult regenerative abilities in all extant classes. Here, we use the brittle star Amphiura filiformis to investigate the origin and differentiation of cells involved in skeletal regeneration using a combination of microscopy techniques and molecular markers. RESULTS Our ultrastructural analyses at different regenerative stages identify a population of morphologically undifferentiated cells which appear in close contact with the proliferating epithelium of the regenerating aboral coelomic cavity. These cells express skeletogenic marker genes, such as the transcription factor alx1 and the differentiation genes c-lectin and msp130L, and display a gradient of morphological differentiation from the aboral coelomic cavity towards the epidermis. Cells closer to the epidermis, which are in contact with developing spicules, have the morphology of mature skeletal cells (sclerocytes), and express several skeletogenic transcription factors and differentiation genes. Moreover, as regeneration progresses, sclerocytes show a different combinatorial expression of genes in various skeletal elements. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that sclerocyte precursors originate from the epithelium of the proliferating aboral coelomic cavity. As these cells migrate towards the epidermis, they differentiate and start secreting spicules. Moreover, our study shows that molecular and cellular processes involved in skeletal regeneration resemble those used during skeletal development, hinting at a possible conservation of developmental programmes during adult regeneration. Finally, we highlight that many genes involved in echinoderm skeletogenesis also play a role in vertebrate skeleton formation, suggesting a possible common origin of the deuterostome endoskeleton pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Piovani
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Origins and Evolution, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Czarkwiani
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Present Address: DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Technische Universität Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Cinzia Ferrario
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 16, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- GAIA 2050 Center, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Oliveri
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
- Center for Life Origins and Evolution, University College London, London, UK.
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24
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Wu CL, Dicks A, Steward N, Tang R, Katz DB, Choi YR, Guilak F. Single cell transcriptomic analysis of human pluripotent stem cell chondrogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:362. [PMID: 33441552 PMCID: PMC7806634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic application of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) for cartilage regeneration is largely hindered by the low yield of chondrocytes accompanied by unpredictable and heterogeneous off-target differentiation of cells during chondrogenesis. Here, we combine bulk RNA sequencing, single cell RNA sequencing, and bioinformatic analyses, including weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA), to investigate the gene regulatory networks regulating hiPSC differentiation under chondrogenic conditions. We identify specific WNTs and MITF as hub genes governing the generation of off-target differentiation into neural cells and melanocytes during hiPSC chondrogenesis. With heterocellular signaling models, we further show that WNT signaling produced by off-target cells is responsible for inducing chondrocyte hypertrophy. By targeting WNTs and MITF, we eliminate these cell lineages, significantly enhancing the yield and homogeneity of hiPSC-derived chondrocytes. Collectively, our findings identify the trajectories and molecular mechanisms governing cell fate decision in hiPSC chondrogenesis, as well as dynamic transcriptome profiles orchestrating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Wu
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Amanda Dicks
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nancy Steward
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ruhang Tang
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dakota B Katz
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yun-Rak Choi
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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25
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Expression, distribution and regulation of RIG-1 in duck bursa of Fabricius during innate immune development. Gene 2020; 771:145342. [PMID: 33340563 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Salhotra A, Shah HN, Levi B, Longaker MT. Mechanisms of bone development and repair. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:696-711. [PMID: 32901139 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00279-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone development occurs through a series of synchronous events that result in the formation of the body scaffold. The repair potential of bone and its surrounding microenvironment - including inflammatory, endothelial and Schwann cells - persists throughout adulthood, enabling restoration of tissue to its homeostatic functional state. The isolation of a single skeletal stem cell population through cell surface markers and the development of single-cell technologies are enabling precise elucidation of cellular activity and fate during bone repair by providing key insights into the mechanisms that maintain and regenerate bone during homeostasis and repair. Increased understanding of bone development, as well as normal and aberrant bone repair, has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of bone disease and ageing-related degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Salhotra
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harsh N Shah
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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27
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Lu J, Ye C, Huang Y, Huang D, Tang L, Hou W, Kuang Z, Chen Y, Xiao S, Yishake M, He R. Corilagin suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and inhibits oestrogen deficiency-induced bone loss via the NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10444-10457. [PMID: 32681612 PMCID: PMC7521306 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over‐activated osteoclastogenesis, which is initiated by inflammation, has been implicated in osteoporosis. Corilagin, a natural compound extracted from various medicinal herbaceous plants, such as Cinnamomum cassia, has antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities. We found that Corilagin suppressed osteoclast differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner, significantly decreased osteoclast‐related gene expression and impaired bone resorption by osteoclasts. Moreover, phosphorylation of members of the nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways was reduced by Corilagin. In a murine model of osteoporosis, Corilagin inhibited osteoclast functions in vivo and restored oestrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss. In conclusion, our findings suggested that Corilagin inhibited osteoclastogenesis by down‐regulating the NF‐κB and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways, thus showing its potential possibility for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyi Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanyong Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghui Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hangzhou Third Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiduo Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Kuang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yazhou Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shining Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mumingjiang Yishake
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongxin He
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhu J, Zhao YP, Zhang YQ. Low expression of FOSL1 is associated with favorable prognosis and sensitivity to radiation/pharmaceutical therapy in lower grade glioma. Neurol Res 2020; 42:522-527. [PMID: 32245342 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1748323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: FOSL1 is overexpressed in multiple cancers including malignant glioma and contributes to different cellular processes. However, little attention has been paid to the lower grade glioma (LGG).Methods: Cox coefficients were examined to compare FOSL1 expression among different tumors types using OncoLnc. The UCSC Xena browser was used to generate Kaplan-Meier survival curves and explore the association between FOSL1 expression and overall survival (OS) in TCGA-LGG and subgroups.Results: FOSL1 expression in LGG was ranked first among 21 different cancers. LGG with lower FOSL1 expression had longer OS (P < 0.001). The astrocytoma group had the highest FOSL1 expression and shortest OS, followed by oligoastrocytoma and oligodendroglioma (P < 0.05). The 1p19q co-deletion or IDH mutation subgroups had lower FOSL1 expression and longer OS (P < 0.001). Compared with the corresponding groups, LGG with lower FOSL1 expression had longer OS than the following groups: astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, with/without 1p19q co-deletion, with IDH mutation, with radiation, and with pharmaceutical therapy (P < 0.05).Discussion: FOSL1 is a prognostic marker in LGG and subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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29
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Hao Q, Liu Z, Lu L, Zhang L, Zuo L. Both JNK1 and JNK2 Are Indispensable for Sensitized Extracellular Matrix Mineralization in IKKβ-Deficient Osteoblasts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:13. [PMID: 32117051 PMCID: PMC7028708 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix mineralization is critical for osteogenesis, and its dysregulation could result in osteoporosis and vascular calcification. IKK/NF-κB activation inhibits differentiation of osteoblasts, and reduces extracellular matrix mineralization, however the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 system to permanently inactivate IKKβ in preosteoblast cells and confirmed that such cells displayed dramatic increase in extracellular matrix mineralization associated with JNK phosphorylation. Such observation was also found in our study using IKKβ-deficient primary murine osteoblasts. Interestingly, we found that in Ikbkb-/-Mapk8-/- or Ikbkb-/-Mapk9-/- double knockout cells, the enhanced mineralization caused by IKKβ deficiency was completely abolished, and deletion of either Mapk8 or Mapk9 was sufficient to dampen c-Jun phosphorylation. In further experiments, we discovered that absence of JNK1 or JNK2 on IKKβ-deficient background resulted in highly conserved transcriptomic alteration in response to osteogenic induction. Therefore, identification of the indispensable roles of JNK1 and JNK2 in activating c-Jun and promoting osteoblast differentiation on IKKβ-deficient background provided novel insights into restoring homeostasis in extracellular matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Lichen Zhang
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Li Zuo
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30
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Proteasome inhibition suppress microgravity elevated RANK signaling during osteoclast differentiation. Cytokine 2020; 125:154821. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Chatziravdeli V, Katsaras GN, Lambrou GI. Gene Expression in Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts Under Microgravity Conditions: A Systematic Review. Curr Genomics 2019; 20:184-198. [PMID: 31929726 PMCID: PMC6935951 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666190422142053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microgravity (μG) negatively influences bone metabolism by affecting normal osteoblast and osteoclast function. μG effects on bone metabolism has been an extensive field of study in recent years, due to the challenges presented by space flight. Methods We systematically reviewed research data from genomic studies performed in real or simulat-ed μG, on osteoblast and osteoclast cells. Our search yielded 50 studies, of which 39 concerned cells of the osteoblast family and 11 osteoclast precursors. Results Osteoblastic cells under μG show a decreased differentiation phenotype, proved by diminished expression levels of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Osteocalcin (OCN) but no apoptosis. Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL)/ Osteoprotegerine (OPG) ratio is elevated in favor of RANKL in a time-dependent manner, and further RANKL production is caused by upregulation of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the inflammation pathway. Extracellular signals and changes in the gravitational environment are perceived by mechanosensitive proteins of the cytoskeleton and converted to intracellular signals through the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase pathway (MAPK). This is followed by changes in the ex-pression of nuclear transcription factors of the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) family and in turn of the NF-κB, thus affecting osteoblast differentiation, cell cycle, proliferation and maturation. Pre-osteoclastic cells show increased expression of the marker proteins such as Tryptophan Regulated Attenuation Protein (TRAP), cathepsin K, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) under μG conditions and become sensitized to RANKL. Conclusion Suppressing the expression of fusion genes such as syncytine-A which acts independently of RANKL, could be possible future therapeutic targets for microgravity side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Chatziravdeli
- 18 Orthopedic Department, Shoulder Surgery Unit, General Hospital " Asklepieio", Vassileos Pavlou Av. 1, 16673, Voula, Athens, Greece; 2Graduate Program "Metabolic Bones Diseases", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Mikras Asias 75, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece; 3Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Nikaia "Aghios Panteleimon", Andrea Petrou Mantouvalou Str. 3, 18454, Nikaia, Piraeus, Greece; 4Laboratory for the Research of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Nikis 2, 14561, Kifissia, Athens, Greece; 5First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - George N Katsaras
- 18 Orthopedic Department, Shoulder Surgery Unit, General Hospital " Asklepieio", Vassileos Pavlou Av. 1, 16673, Voula, Athens, Greece; 2Graduate Program "Metabolic Bones Diseases", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Mikras Asias 75, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece; 3Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Nikaia "Aghios Panteleimon", Andrea Petrou Mantouvalou Str. 3, 18454, Nikaia, Piraeus, Greece; 4Laboratory for the Research of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Nikis 2, 14561, Kifissia, Athens, Greece; 5First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - George I Lambrou
- 18 Orthopedic Department, Shoulder Surgery Unit, General Hospital " Asklepieio", Vassileos Pavlou Av. 1, 16673, Voula, Athens, Greece; 2Graduate Program "Metabolic Bones Diseases", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Mikras Asias 75, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece; 3Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Nikaia "Aghios Panteleimon", Andrea Petrou Mantouvalou Str. 3, 18454, Nikaia, Piraeus, Greece; 4Laboratory for the Research of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Nikis 2, 14561, Kifissia, Athens, Greece; 5First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Choremeio Research Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
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32
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Gao P, Cheng Z, Li M, Zhang N, Le B, Zhang W, Song P, Guo X, Li B, Cao G. Selection of candidate genes affecting meat quality and preliminary exploration of related molecular mechanisms in the Mashen pig. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 32:1084-1094. [PMID: 31010998 PMCID: PMC6599955 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to select the candidate genes affecting meat quality and preliminarily explore the related molecular mechanisms in the Mashen pig. Methods The present study explored genetic factors affecting meat quality in the Mashen pig using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). We sequenced the transcriptomes of 180-day-old Mashen and Large White pigs using longissimus dorsi to select differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Results The results indicated that a total of 425 genes were differentially expressed between Mashen and Large White pigs. A gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched for biological processes associated with metabolism and muscle development, while a Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis showed that DEGs mainly participated in signaling pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and skeletal muscle differentiation. A MCODE analysis of the protein-protein interaction network indicated that the four identified subsets of genes were mainly associated with translational initiation, skeletal muscle differentiation, amino acid metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Conclusion Based on the analysis results, we selected glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 1, malate dehydrogenase 1, pyruvate dehydrogenase 1, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, and activator protein-1 as candidate genes affecting meat quality in pigs. A discussion of the related molecular mechanisms is provided to offer a theoretical basis for future studies on the improvement of meat quality in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Zhimin Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ningfang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Baoyu Le
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Wanfeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Pengkang Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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33
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TXNDC9 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by positive regulation of MYC-mediated transcriptional network. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1110. [PMID: 30382079 PMCID: PMC6208382 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin domain containing proteins are a group of proteins involved in redox regulation and have been recently reported to be associated with tumor progression. However, the role of thioredoxin proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Here in our study, we demonstrated that thioredoxin domain containing protein 9 (TXNDC9) was over-expressed in HCC and promoted HCC progression. We found that TXNDC9 expression was amplified in HCC tissues and associated with an advanced grade of HCC. And, we demonstrated that overexpression of TXNDC9 was correlated with poor prognosis of HCC. Furthermore, by using CRISPR-Cas9 mediated TXNDC9 knockout and RNA-seq analysis, we found that TXNDC9 accelerated HCC proliferation regulation. Moreover, we demonstrated that TXNDC9 directly interacted with MYC and knockout/knockdown of TXNDC9 decreased the protein levels of MYC and inhibited MYC-mediated transcriptional activation of its targets. Besides, we identified that TXNDC9 was trans-activated by FOXA1, JUND, and FOSL2 in HCC. Taken together, our study unveiled an oncogenic role of TXNDC9 in HCC and provided a mechanistic insight into the TXNDC9 mediated gene regulation network during HCC development.
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Posritong S, Hong JM, Eleniste PP, McIntyre PW, Wu JL, Himes ER, Patel V, Kacena MA, Bruzzaniti A. Pyk2 deficiency potentiates osteoblast differentiation and mineralizing activity in response to estrogen or raloxifene. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:35-47. [PMID: 29428397 PMCID: PMC6057828 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is controlled by the actions of bone-degrading osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs). Aging and loss of estrogen after menopause affects bone mass and quality. Estrogen therapy, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), can prevent bone loss and increase bone mineral density in post-menopausal women. Although investigations of the effects of estrogen on osteoclast activity are well advanced, the mechanism of action of estrogen on OBs is still unclear. The proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is important for bone formation and female mice lacking Pyk2 (Pyk2-KO) exhibit elevated bone mass, increased bone formation rate and reduced osteoclast activity. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the role of estrogen signaling on the mechanism of action of Pyk2 in OBs. As expected, Pyk2-KO OBs showed significantly higher proliferation, matrix formation, and mineralization than WT OBs. In addition we found that Pyk2-KO OBs cultured in the presence of either 17β-estradiol (E2) or raloxifene, a SERM used for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis, showed a further robust increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization. We examined the possible mechanism of action and found that Pyk2 deletion promotes the proteasome-mediated degradation of estrogen receptor α (ERα), but not estrogen receptor β (ERβ). As a consequence, E2 signaling via ERβ was enhanced in Pyk2-KO OBs. In addition, we found that Pyk2 deletion and E2 stimulation had an additive effect on ERK phosphorylation, which is known to stimulate cell differentiation and survival. Our findings suggest that in the absence of Pyk2, estrogen exerts an osteogenic effect on OBs through altered ERα and ERβ signaling. Thus, targeting Pyk2, in combination with estrogen or raloxifene, may be a novel strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Posritong
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Jung Min Hong
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Pierre P Eleniste
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Patrick W McIntyre
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Wu
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Evan R Himes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Vruti Patel
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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35
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Gambera S, Abarrategi A, Rodríguez-Milla MA, Mulero F, Menéndez ST, Rodriguez R, Navarro S, García-Castro J. Role of Activator Protein-1 Complex on the Phenotype of Human Osteosarcomas Generated from Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1487-1500. [PMID: 30001480 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive bone tumor that usually arises intramedullary at the extremities of long bones. Due to the fact that the peak of incidence is in the growth spurt of adolescence, the specific anatomical location, and the heterogeneity of cells, it is believed that osteosarcomagenesis is a process associated with bone development. Different studies in murine models showed that the tumor-initiating cell in OS could be an uncommitted mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) developing in a specific bone microenvironment. However, only a few studies have reported transgene-induced human MSCs transformation and mostly obtained undifferentiated sarcomas. In our study, we demonstrate that activator protein 1 family members induce osteosarcomagenesis in immortalized hMSC. c-JUN or c-JUN/c-FOS overexpression act as tumorigenic factors generating OS with fibroblastic or pleomorphic osteoblastic phenotypes, respectively. Stem Cells 2018;36:1487-1500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gambera
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ander Abarrategi
- Cellular Biotechnology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Haematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Francisca Mulero
- Molecular Image Core Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía T Menéndez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias and, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - René Rodriguez
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias and, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain.,CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- CIBER de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Pathology Department, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Fu Y, Niu D, Su W, Yang Q, Wang W, Tang B, Li Z, Zhang D, Mao Y, Li C, Li X, Ye S, Su X, Xu F, Sun X, Chen C. Effects of Ca2+/calmodulin‑dependent protein kinase pathway inhibitor KN93 on osteoclastogenesis. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2294-2302. [PMID: 30066838 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the Ca2+/calmodulin‑dependent protein kinase pathway inhibitor KN93 on osteoclastogenesis. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with macrophage colony‑stimulating factor (M‑CSF) + receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‑light‑chain‑enhancer of activated B cells ligand (RANKL) to stimulate osteoclastogenesis and then treated with 10 µM KN93. The methods included tartrate‑resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, bone resorption activity assays, filamentous (F)‑actin staining, determination of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels, monitoring of osteoclast‑specific gene expression levels and measurement of key transcription factors protein levels. The results suggested that KN93 inhibited the formation of TRAP‑positive multinucleated cells, shaping of F‑actin rings and resorption activity of the cells. In addition, KN93 decreased the concentration of [Ca2+]i, expression levels of osteoclast specific genes and protein levels of critical transcription factors in the M‑CSF + RANKL‑induced osteoclast model. In summary, KN93 may directly affect the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, potentially through the Ca2+/calmodulin‑dependent protein kinase signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiao Fu
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Dequn Niu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Su
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Qingling Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Wenrui Wang
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Baoding Tang
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwen Li
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Yingji Mao
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Shihao Ye
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Su
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Fanyuan Xu
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Xuemin Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Changjie Chen
- Department of Bioscience, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
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Huynh NPT, Zhang B, Guilak F. High-depth transcriptomic profiling reveals the temporal gene signature of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis. FASEB J 2018; 33:358-372. [PMID: 29985644 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800534r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) provide an attractive cell source for cartilage repair and cell therapy; however, the underlying molecular pathways that drive chondrogenesis of these populations of adult stem cells remain poorly understood. We generated a rich data set of high-throughput RNA sequencing of human MSCs throughout chondrogenesis at 6 different time points. Our data consisted of 18 libraries with 3 individual donors as biologic replicates, with each library possessing a sequencing depth of 100 million reads. Computational analyses with differential gene expression, gene ontology, and weighted gene correlation network analysis identified dynamic changes in multiple biologic pathways and, most importantly, a chondrogenic gene subset, whose functional characterization promises to further harness the potential of MSCs for cartilage tissue engineering. Furthermore, we created a graphic user interface encyclopedia built with the goal of producing an open resource of transcriptomic regulation for additional data mining and pathway analysis of the process of MSC chondrogenesis.-Huynh, N. P. T., Zhang, B., Guilak, F. High-depth transcriptomic profiling reveals the temporal gene signature of human mesenchymal stem cells during chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen P T Huynh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; and
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38
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Regulation of masculinization: androgen signalling for external genitalia development. Nat Rev Urol 2018; 15:358-368. [DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Zhao JJ, Wu ZF, Yu YH, Wang L, Cheng L. Effects of interleukin-7/interleukin-7 receptor on RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation and ovariectomy-induced bone loss by regulating c-Fos/c-Jun pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7182-7194. [PMID: 29663382 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effects of IL-7/IL-7R on the RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation in vitro and OVX-induced bone loss in vivo. BMMs and RAW264.7 were transfected with IL-7, IL-7R siRNA, c-Fos siRNA, and c-jun siRNA and later stimulated by RANKL. TRAP and toluidine blue staining were used to observe osteoclast formation and bone resorption, respectively. HE and TRAP staining were used to detect trabecular bone microstructure and osteoclasts of mice, respectively. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to examine expression. IL-7 unregulated the expression of CTSK, NFATc1, MMP9, and the phosphorylation of p38 and Akt by activating the c-Fos/c-Jun pathway, which increased osteoclast numbers and bone resorption in RANKL-stimulated macrophages. While IL-7R siRNA and c-Fos siRNA decreased the expression, as well as and the phosphorylation of p38 and Akt.IL-7 decreased the BMD and OPG expression in OVX-induced mice and increased the TRAP positive cells, the mRNA expression of c-fos, c-jun, and RANKL, which was contradictory to IL-7R siRNA, and c-Fos siRNA. Furthermore, IL-7R siRNA and c-Fos siRNA caused thicker trabeculae, increased trabecular number, and decreased osteolysis in OVX mice. IL-7/IL-7R can promote RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and bone resorption by activating the c-Fos/c-Jun pathway, as well as inducing bone loss in OVX mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Jun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Feng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Hao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Li Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Martin EC, Qureshi AT, Llamas CB, Boos EC, King AG, Krause PC, Lee OC, Dasa V, Freitas MA, Forsberg JA, Elster EA, Davis TA, Gimble JM. Trauma induced heterotopic ossification patient serum alters mitogen activated protein kinase signaling in adipose stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7035-7044. [PMID: 29377109 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of ectopic bone in non-osseous structures following injury. The precise mechanism for bone development following trauma is unknown; however, early onset of HO may involve the production of pro-osteogenic serum factors. Here we evaluated serum from a cohort of civilian and military patients post trauma to determine early induction gene signatures in orthopaedic trauma induced HO. To test this, human adipose derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) were stimulated with human serum from patients who developed HO following trauma and evaluated for a gene panel with qPCR. Pathway gene analysis ontology revealed that hASCs stimulated with serum from patients who developed HO had altered gene expression in the activator protein 1 (AP1) and AP1 transcriptional targets pathways. Notably, there was a significant repression in FOS gene expression in hASCs treated with serum from individuals with HO. Furthermore, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was activated in hASCs following serum exposure from individuals with HO. Serum from both military and civilian patients with trauma induced HO had elevated downstream genes associated with the MAPK pathways. Stimulation of hASCs with known regulators of osteogenesis (BMP2, IL6, Forskolin, and WNT3A) failed to recapitulate the gene signature observed in hASCs following serum stimulation, suggesting non-canonical mechanisms for gene regulation in trauma induced HO. These findings provide new insight for the development of HO and support ongoing work linking the systemic response to injury with wound specific outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Ammar T Qureshi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Claire B Llamas
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Elaine C Boos
- Department of Orthopaedics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Andrew G King
- Department of Orthopaedics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Peter C Krause
- Department of Orthopaedics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Olivia C Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Vinod Dasa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Michael A Freitas
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan A Forsberg
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences-Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eric A Elster
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences-Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas A Davis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland.,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences-Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J M Gimble
- Tulane University School of Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Departments of Medicine, Structural and Cellular Biology, & Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.,LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana
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Marie PJ, Cohen-Solal M. The Expanding Life and Functions of Osteogenic Cells: From Simple Bone-Making Cells to Multifunctional Cells and Beyond. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:199-210. [PMID: 29206311 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During the last three decades, important progress in bone cell biology and in human and mouse genetics led to major advances in our understanding of the life and functions of cells of the osteoblast lineage. Previously unrecognized sources of osteogenic cells have been identified. Novel cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling osteoblast differentiation and senescence have been determined. New mechanisms of communications between osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoclasts, and chondrocytes, as well as novel links between osteogenic cells and blood vessels have been identified. Additionally, cells of the osteoblast lineage were shown to be important components of the hematopoietic niche and to be implicated in hematologic dysfunctions and malignancy. Lastly, unexpected interactions were found between osteogenic cells and several soft tissues, including the central nervous system, gut, muscle, fat, and testis through the release of paracrine factors, making osteogenic cells multifunctional regulatory cells, in addition to their bone-making function. These discoveries considerably enlarged our vision of the life and functions of osteogenic cells, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutics with immediate applications in bone disorders. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J Marie
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Lee BK, Uprety N, Jang YJ, Tucker SK, Rhee C, LeBlanc L, Beck S, Kim J. Fosl1 overexpression directly activates trophoblast-specific gene expression programs in embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 26:95-102. [PMID: 29272857 PMCID: PMC5899959 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During early development in placental mammals, proper trophoblast lineage development is essential for implantation and placentation. Defects in this lineage can cause early pregnancy failures and other pregnancy disorders. However, transcription factors controlling trophoblast development remain poorly understood. Here, we utilize Fosl1, previously implicated in trophoblast giant cell development as a member of the AP-1 complex, to trans-differentiate embryonic stem (ES) cells to trophoblast lineage-like cells. We first show that the ectopic expression of Fosl1 is sufficient to induce trophoblast-specific gene expression programs in ES cells. Surprisingly, we find that this transcriptional reprogramming occurs independently of changes in levels of ES cell core factors during the cell fate change. This suggests that Fosl1 acts in a novel way to orchestrate the ES to trophoblast cell fate conversion compared to previously known reprogramming factors. Mapping of Fosl1 targets reveals that Fosl1 directly activates TE lineage-specific genes as a pioneer factor. Our work suggests Fosl1 may be used to reprogram ES cells into differentiated cell types in trophoblast lineage, which not only enhances our knowledge of global trophoblast gene regulation but also may provide a future therapeutic tool for generating induced trophoblast cells from patient-derived pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Nadima Uprety
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Yu Jin Jang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Scott K Tucker
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Catherine Rhee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Lucy LeBlanc
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Samuel Beck
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States; Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, MDI Biological Laboratory, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, United States
| | - Jonghwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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44
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Xia B, Li Y, Zhou J, Tian B, Feng L. Identification of potential pathogenic genes associated with osteoporosis. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:640-648. [PMID: 29203636 PMCID: PMC5935809 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.612.bjr-2017-0102.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoporosis is a chronic disease. The aim of this study was to identify key genes in osteoporosis. METHODS Microarray data sets GSE56815 and GSE56814, comprising 67 osteoporosis blood samples and 62 control blood samples, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in osteoporosis using Limma package (3.2.1) and Meta-MA packages. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed to identify biological functions. Furthermore, the transcriptional regulatory network was established between the top 20 DEGs and transcriptional factors using the UCSC ENCODE Genome Browser. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to investigate the diagnostic value of several DEGs. RESULTS A total of 1320 DEGs were obtained, of which 855 were up-regulated and 465 were down-regulated. These differentially expressed genes were enriched in Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, mainly associated with gene expression and osteoclast differentiation. In the transcriptional regulatory network, there were 6038 interactions pairs involving 88 transcriptional factors. In addition, the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction result validated the expression of several genes (VPS35, FCGR2A, TBCA, HIRA, TYROBP, and JUND). Finally, ROC analyses showed that VPS35, HIRA, PHF20 and NFKB2 had a significant diagnostic value for osteoporosis. CONCLUSION Genes such as VPS35, FCGR2A, TBCA, HIRA, TYROBP, JUND, PHF20, NFKB2, RPL35A and BICD2 may be considered to be potential pathogenic genes of osteoporosis and may be useful for further study of the mechanisms underlying osteoporosis.Cite this article: B. Xia, Y. Li, J. Zhou, B. Tian, L. Feng. Identification of potential pathogenic genes associated with osteoporosis. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:640-648. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.612.BJR-2017-0102.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xia
- Attending Doctor Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, 272011 Shandong Province, China
| | - Y Li
- Attending Doctor Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, 272011 Shandong Province, China
| | - J Zhou
- Attending Doctor Department of Gynecology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, 272011 Shandong Province, China
| | - B Tian
- Attending Doctor Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, 272011 Shandong Province, China
| | - L Feng
- Attending Doctor Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, 272011 Shandong Province, China
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Park JH, Lee NK, Lee SY. Current Understanding of RANK Signaling in Osteoclast Differentiation and Maturation. Mol Cells 2017; 40:706-713. [PMID: 29047262 PMCID: PMC5682248 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that are derived from hematopoietic precursor cells and require macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) for their survival, proliferation, differentiation, and activation. The binding of RANKL to its receptor RANK triggers osteoclast precursors to differentiate into osteoclasts. This process depends on RANKL-RANK signaling, which is temporally regulated by various adaptor proteins and kinases. Here we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms that regulate RANK signaling during osteoclastogenesis. In the early stage, RANK signaling is mediated by recruiting adaptor molecules such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which leads to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Activated NF-κB induces the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is the key osteoclastogenesis regulator. In the intermediate stage of signaling, the co-stimulatory signal induces Ca2+ oscillation via activated phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) together with c-Fos/AP-1, wherein Ca2+ signaling facilitates the robust production of NFATc1. In the late stage of osteoclastogenesis, NFATc1 translocates into the nucleus where it induces numerous osteoclast-specific target genes that are responsible for cell fusion and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Park
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538,
Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
- The Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760,
Korea
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46
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Arthur-Farraj PJ, Morgan CC, Adamowicz M, Gomez-Sanchez JA, Fazal SV, Beucher A, Razzaghi B, Mirsky R, Jessen KR, Aitman TJ. Changes in the Coding and Non-coding Transcriptome and DNA Methylome that Define the Schwann Cell Repair Phenotype after Nerve Injury. Cell Rep 2017; 20:2719-2734. [PMID: 28903050 PMCID: PMC5608958 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair Schwann cells play a critical role in orchestrating nerve repair after injury, but the cellular and molecular processes that generate them are poorly understood. Here, we perform a combined whole-genome, coding and non-coding RNA and CpG methylation study following nerve injury. We show that genes involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition are enriched in repair cells, and we identify several long non-coding RNAs in Schwann cells. We demonstrate that the AP-1 transcription factor C-JUN regulates the expression of certain micro RNAs in repair Schwann cells, in particular miR-21 and miR-34. Surprisingly, unlike during development, changes in CpG methylation are limited in injury, restricted to specific locations, such as enhancer regions of Schwann cell-specific genes (e.g., Nedd4l), and close to local enrichment of AP-1 motifs. These genetic and epigenomic changes broaden our mechanistic understanding of the formation of repair Schwann cell during peripheral nervous system tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Arthur-Farraj
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Claire C Morgan
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Martyna Adamowicz
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 2XU, UK
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shaline V Fazal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anthony Beucher
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Bonnie Razzaghi
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rhona Mirsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kristjan R Jessen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Timothy J Aitman
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 2XU, UK.
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Gao XQ, Ge YS, Shu QH, Ma HX. Expression of Fra-1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma and its prognostic significance. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317709635. [PMID: 28653890 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317709635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the clinical significance and prognostic value of Fra-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection. Fra-1 expression was investigated using a combination of techniques: immunohistochemistry for 66 samples of hepatocellular carcinoma and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays for 19 matched hepatocellular carcinoma specimens. Fra-1 was present in 38 of 66 (57.6%) tumor tissues, with intense staining in the nuclei. There was also positive staining in 14 of 66 (21.2%) adjacent peritumoral tissues, with weak staining in the cytoplasm. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays confirmed higher expression of Fra-1 messenger RNA and Fra-1 protein in tumor tissues than adjacent non-tumor tissues for 19 hepatocellular carcinoma samples (p < 0.001). Positive expression of Fra-1 was significantly related to vascular invasion and serum alpha-fetoprotein. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that overexpressed Fra-1 was correlated with poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Multivariate analysis identified Fra-1 as an independent prognostic factor. Fra-1 may be involved in the progress of hepatocellular carcinoma and could be a promising molecular candidate in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiang Gao
- 1 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Ge
- 1 Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Department of Hepatic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing-Hua Shu
- 2 Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Second People's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua-Xing Ma
- 3 Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
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Sabokbar A, Mahoney DJ, Hemingway F, Athanasou NA. Non-Canonical (RANKL-Independent) Pathways of Osteoclast Differentiation and Their Role in Musculoskeletal Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 51:16-26. [PMID: 26578261 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells derived from mononuclear phagocyte precursors (monocytes, macrophages); in the canonical pathway of osteoclastogenesis, these cells fuse and differentiate to form specialised bone-resorbing osteoclasts in the presence of receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL). Non-canonical pathways of osteoclastogenesis have been described in which several cytokines and growth factors are able to substitute for RANKL. These humoral factors can generally be divided into those which, like RANKL, are tumour necrosis family (TNF) superfamily members and those which are not; the former include TNFα lymphotoxin exhibiting inducible expression and competing with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpesvirus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes (LIGHT), a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and B cell activating factor (BAFF); the latter include transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-11, nerve growth factor (NGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-II. This review summarises the evidence for these RANKL substitutes in inducing osteoclast differentiation from tissue-derived and circulating mononuclear phagocytes. It also assesses the role these factors are likely to play in promoting the pathological bone resorption seen in many inflammatory and neoplastic lesions of bone and joint including rheumatoid arthritis, aseptic implant loosening and primary and secondary tumours of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sabokbar
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - D J Mahoney
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - F Hemingway
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK
| | - N A Athanasou
- The Botnar Research Centre, Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal and Clinical Laboratory Services, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LD, UK.
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Mechiche Alami S, Rammal H, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Velard F, Lazar F, Drevet R, Laurent Maquin D, Gangloff S, Hemmerlé J, Voegel J, Francius G, Schaaf P, Boulmedais F, Kerdjoudj H. Harnessing Wharton's jelly stem cell differentiation into bone-like nodule on calcium phosphate substrate without osteoinductive factors. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:575-589. [PMID: 27888100 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An important aim of bone regenerative medicine is to design biomaterials with controlled chemical and topographical features to guide stem cell fate towards osteoblasts without addition of specific osteogenic factors. Herein, we find that sprayed bioactive and biocompatible calcium phosphate substrates (CaP) with controlled topography induce, in a well-orchestrated manner, Wharton's jelly stem cells (WJ-SCs) differentiation into osteoblastic lineage without any osteogenic supplements. The resulting WJ-SCs commitment exhibits features of native bone, through the formation of three-dimensional bone-like nodule with osteocyte-like cells embedded into a mineralized type I collagen. To our knowledge, these results present the first observation of a whole differentiation process from stem cell to osteocytes-like on a synthetic material. This suggests a great potential of sprayed CaP and WJ-SCs in bone tissue engineering. These unique features may facilitate the transition from bench to bedside and the development of successful engineered bone. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Designing materials to direct stem cell fate has a relevant impact on stem cell biology and provides insights facilitating their clinical application in regenerative medicine. Inspired by natural bone compositions, a friendly automated spray-assisted system was used to build calcium phosphate substrate (CaP). Sprayed biomimetic solutions using mild conditions led to the formation of CaP with controlled physical properties, good bioactivity and biocompatibility. Herein, we show that via optimization of physical properties, CaP substrate induce osteogenic differentiation of Wharton's jelly stem cells (WJ-SCs) without adding osteogenic supplement factors. These results suggest a great potential of sprayed CaP and WJ-SCs in bone tissue engineering and may facilitate the transition from bench to beside and the development of clinically successful engineered bone.
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Twine NA, Harkness L, Kassem M, Wilkins MR. Transcription factor ZNF25 is associated with osteoblast differentiation of human skeletal stem cells. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:872. [PMID: 27814695 PMCID: PMC5097439 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The differentiation of human bone marrow derived skeletal stem cells (known as human bone marrow stromal or mesenchymal stem cells, hMSCs) into osteoblasts involves the activation of a small number of well-described transcription factors. To identify additional osteoblastic transcription factors, we studied gene expression of hMSCs during ex vivo osteoblast differentiation. Results Clustering of gene expression, and literature investigation, revealed three transcription factors of interest – ZNF25, ZNF608 and ZBTB38. siRNA knockdown of ZNF25 resulted in significant suppression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. This effect was not present for ZNF608 and ZBTB38. To identify possible target genes of ZNF25, we analyzed gene expression following ZNF25 siRNA knockdown. This revealed a 23-fold upregulation of matrix metallopeptidase 1 and an 18-fold upregulation of leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 and RAN-binding protein 3-like. We also observed enrichment in extracellular matrix organization, skeletal system development and regulation of ossification in the entire upregulated set of genes. Consistent with its function as a transcription factor during osteoblast differentiation of hMSC, we showed that the ZNF25 protein exhibits nuclear localization and is expressed in osteoblastic and osteocytic cells in vivo. ZNF25 is conserved in tetrapod vertebrates and contains a KRAB (Krueppel-associated box) transcriptional repressor domain. Conclusions This study shows that the uncharacterized transcription factor, ZNF25, is associated with differentiation of hMSC to osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Twine
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Linda Harkness
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Present Address: Pluripotent Stem Cell Group, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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