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Nagini S, Palrasu M, Bishayee A. Limonoids from neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) are potential anticancer drug candidates. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:457-496. [PMID: 37589457 DOI: 10.1002/med.21988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), a versatile evergreen tree recognized for its ethnopharmacological value, is a rich source of limonoids of the triterpenoid class, endowed with potent medicinal properties. Extracts of neem have been documented to display anticancer effects in diverse malignant cell lines as well as in preclinical animal models that has largely been attributed to the constituent limonoids. Of late, neem limonoids have become the cynosure of research attention as potential candidate agents for cancer prevention and therapy. Among the various limonoids found in neem, azadirachtin, epoxyazadiradione, gedunin, and nimbolide, have been extensively investigated for anticancer activity. Azadirachtin, a potent biodegradable pesticide, exhibits profound antiproliferative effects by preventing mitotic spindle formation and cell division. The antiproliferative activity of gedunin has been demonstrated to be mediated primarily via inhibition of heat shock protein90 and its client proteins. Epoxyazadiradione inhibits pro-inflammatory and kinase-driven signaling pathways to block tumorigenesis. Nimbolide, the most potent cytotoxic neem limonoid, inhibits the growth of cancer cells by regulating the phosphorylation of keystone kinases that drive oncogenic signaling besides modulating the epigenome. There is overwhelming evidence to indicate that neem limonoids exert anticancer effects by preventing the acquisition of hallmark traits of cancer, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis evasion, inflammation, invasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Neem limonoids are value additions to the armamentarium of natural compounds that target aberrant oncogenic signaling to inhibit cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manikandan Palrasu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Qin W, Nie X, Su H, Ding Y, He L, Liu K, Hou J, Pan K, He L, Yang S, Li L, Yang S, Peng X, Zhao J, Guan J, Kuang X, Hua Q. Efficacy and safety of unilateral tibial cortex transverse transport on bilateral diabetic foot ulcers: A propensity score matching study. J Orthop Translat 2023; 42:137-146. [PMID: 37736148 PMCID: PMC10509564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tibial Cortex Transverse Transport (TTT) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment for unilateral diabetic foot ulcers (UDFUs). However, this retrospective study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of unilateral TTT on bilateral diabetic foot ulcers (BDFUs). Methods This retrospective study included a review of patients with TTT treated from January 2017 to August 2019, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was performed to compare patients with BDFUs to those with UDFUs. Ulcer healing, recurrence, and major amputation rates were evaluated at 1-year follow-up. Changes in foot vessels were assessed in the BDFUs group using computed tomography angiography (CTA). Results A total of 140 patients with DFUs (106 UDFUs and 34 BDFUs) were included in the study. UDFUs and BDFUs were matched in a 1:1 ratio (34 in each group) using PSM. No significant difference was observed at 1-year-follow-up [91.2% (31/34) vs. 76.5% (26/34), OR 0.315 (95% CI 0.08 to 1.31), P = 0.10] and 6-month-follow-up [70.6% (24/34) vs. 50.0% (17/34), OR 0.85 (95% CI 0.15 to 1.13), P = 0.08] in two groups. Significant differences in rates of major amputation and recurrence between the groups (P > 0.05) were not observed. The BDFUs group appeared more angiogenesis of the foot by CTA after 8 weeks of operation. Conclusion Results of this study suggest that severe BDFUs can be effectively treated by unilateral TTT. TTT is easy to operate and effective, which may be a good alternative for treating severe BDFUs. The translational potential of this article In previous retrospective clinical studies, TTT has demonstrated promising clinical outcomes in the management of diabetic foot ulcers. In this current study, we aim to investigate the potential use of TTT in treating distant tissue defects by evaluating the limited availability and safety of TTT for the management of bilateral diabetic foot. While additional basic and clinical research is necessary to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms, our study offers insight into the potential therapeutic use of TTT for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Qin
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xinyu Nie
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130042, China
| | - Hongjie Su
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bio-Resource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lihuan He
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Kaibing Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bio-Resource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Kaixiang Pan
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Yulin Campus of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin, Guangxi, 537406, China
| | - Liexun He
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Sijie Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bio-Resource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Shenghui Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bio-Resource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bio-Resource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Jack Guan
- Bay Area Foot and Ankle Medical Clinic, San Jose, 3150, California, USA
| | - Xiaocong Kuang
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Yulin Campus of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin, Guangxi, 537406, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Qikai Hua
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Guangxi Diabetic Foot Salvage Engineering Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bio-Resource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, China
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Kumar S, Bharali A, Sarma H, Kushari S, Gam S, Hazarika I, Prasad SK, Laloo D. Traditional complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) for diabetic foot ulcer management: A systematic review. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100745. [PMID: 37441954 PMCID: PMC10435959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) are a devastating micro-vascular complication of diabetes with an increased prevalence and incidence and high rate of morbidity and mortality. Since antibiotics are frequently used to treat DFU, managing the condition has proven to be extremely challenging and may eventually lead to the development of antibiotic resistance. Scientists from around the world are working to develop an alternative solution to the problem of drug resistance by exploring complementary and alternative medicines that may be obtained from natural sources. Hence, the review aims to comprehensively report the information on the natural treatments and therapy used to manage DFU. All of the information described in the current study was gathered from electronic scientific resources, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Springer Link. Findings from the current review revealed the pre-clinical and clinical utility of 18 medicinal plants, 1 isolated compound, 7 polyherbal formulations including herbal creams, a few micronutrients including vitamins and minerals, insect products such as propolis, honey and, Maggot debridement therapy for the treatment and management of DFU. Natural therapies possess better efficacy, low cost, and shorter duration of treatment when compared with the conventional treatments; hence, all information made available about them is crucial to alter the direction of treatment. Furthermore, the data presented in this review are up to date on the potential efficacy of natural complementary medicines for alleviating DFU problems in in vitro and in vivo tests, as well as clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar
- Assam Science and Technology University, Guwahati, 781013, Assam, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Alakesh Bharali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Himangshu Sarma
- Department of Pharmacognosy, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Susankar Kushari
- Assam Science and Technology University, Guwahati, 781013, Assam, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Sameeran Gam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, NETES Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Mirza, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Iswar Hazarika
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India
| | - Satyendra K Prasad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, 440033, India
| | - Damiki Laloo
- Assam Science and Technology University, Guwahati, 781013, Assam, India; Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, 781017, Assam, India.
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Plant Leaves Extract Irrigation on Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9924725. [PMID: 34055026 PMCID: PMC8131136 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9924725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of neem leaves extract with normal saline irrigation practice in wound dressing on healing outcome and clinic-physiological parameters among individuals with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods A quasiexperimental with repeated measures design was used on two study groups. One group received neem leaf extract wound irrigation and another group received normal saline wound irrigation. Study participants were randomly assigned to each group from 100 DFU individuals. Demographic and clinical data sheets were used to collect baseline information. Random blood sugar and HbA1C measurement was performed on the initial day of visit for all participants. We used the PUSH tool for wound assessment (wound surface area, exudate amount, and tissue type), and clinic physiological parameters (temperature, pulse rate, respiration, blood pressure, wound pain, wound infection, and local warmth) assessment was performed at baseline and then at the end of each week till four weeks were completed. Participants attended a foot clinic every 3rd or 4th day for wound care. Results Reduction of wound healing score (PUSH score) and other wound variables improved significantly in the neem leaves extract group (p < 0.001). There were no significant changes in the clinic-physiological parameters. Conclusion Neem leaves extract irrigation for foot ulcers is considered to be very safe as it did not cause any complication systematically during the study. Neem leaf extract solution can be used as an alternative solution for normal saline. Managing DFU requires continuous foot care and early risk identification of ulcer.
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Kalekhan F, Kudva AK, Raghu SV, Rao S, Hegde SK, Simon P, Baliga MS. Traditionally Used Natural Products in Preventing Ionizing Radiation-Induced Dermatitis: First Review on the Clinical Studies. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:64-82. [PMID: 33820524 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210405093236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the treatment of cancer, the use of ionizing radiation is an important modality. However, on the downside, radiation, when used for curative purposes, causes acute dermatitis or radiodermatitis at the site of radiation in most individuals. From a clinical viewpoint, severe dermatitis causes a burning and itching sensation is very painful, and severely affects the quality of life of the individual undergoing treatment. In worse situations, acute radiation dermatitis can cause gaps or breaks in the planned treatment and this can adversely affect the treatment objective and outcome. BACKGROUND In various traditional and folk systems of medicine, plants and plant products have been used since time immemorial for treating various skin ailments. Further, many cosmeceutical creams formulated based on knowledge from ethnomedicinal use are marketed and used to treat various ailments. In the current review, an attempt is made at summarizing the beneficial effects of some plants and plant products in mitigating acute radiation dermatitis in humans undergoing curative radiotherapy. Additionally, the emphasis is also placed on the mechanism/s responsible for the beneficial effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to summarize the clinical observations on the prevention of radiodermatitis by plant products. In this review, the protective effects of Adlay (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) bran extract, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Cucumis sativus, green tea constituent the epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honey, Achillea millefolium, Matricaria chamomilla, olive oil and some polyherbal creams are addressed by also addressing on the mechanism of action for the beneficial effects. METHODS Two authors' data mined for information in Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for publications in the field from 1901 up to July 2020. The focus was on acute radiation dermatitis, ionizing radiation, curative radiotherapy, human cancer. The articles were collected and analyzed. RESULTS For the first time, this review addresses the usefulness of natural products like adlay bran, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis, Cucumis sativus, green tea constituent the epigallocatechin-3-gallate, honey, Achillea millefolium, Matricaria chamomilla, olive oil and some experimentally constituted and commercially available polyherbal creams as skincare agents against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on the skin. The protective effects are possibly due to the free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing and skin protective effects. CONCLUSION The authors suggest that these plants have been used since antiquity as medicinal agents and require in-depth investigation with both clinical and preclinical validated models of study. The results of these studies will be extremely useful to cancer patients requiring curative radiotherapy, the dermatology fraternity, agro-based and pharmaceutical sectors at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Kalekhan
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Avinash K Kudva
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka. India
| | - Shamprasad V Raghu
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Karnataka. India
| | - Suresh Rao
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Sanath K Hegde
- Radiation Oncology, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Paul Simon
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
| | - Manjeshwar S Baliga
- Research Unit, Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Pumpwell, Mangalore, Karnataka. India
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Talukdar N, Das K, Barman I. A review on ethanobotanical survey of medicinal plants available in North-East India against microbes involved in diabetic foot ulcer. JOURNAL OF DIABETOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jod.jod_45_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Novelli M, Masiello P, Beffy P, Menegazzi M. Protective Role of St. John's Wort and Its Components Hyperforin and Hypericin against Diabetes through Inhibition of Inflammatory Signaling: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8108. [PMID: 33143088 PMCID: PMC7662691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a very common chronic disease with progressively increasing prevalence. Besides the well-known autoimmune and inflammatory pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, in many people, metabolic changes and inappropriate lifestyle favor a subtle chronic inflammatory state that contributes to development of insulin resistance and progressive loss of β-cell function and mass, eventually resulting in metabolic syndrome or overt type 2 diabetes. In this paper, we review the anti-inflammatory effects of the extract of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort, SJW) and its main active ingredients firstly in representative pathological situations on inflammatory basis and then in pancreatic β cells and in obese or diabetic animal models. The simultaneous and long-lasting inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways involved in pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced β-cell dysfunction/death and insulin resistance make SJW particularly suitable for both preventive and therapeutic use in metabolic diseases. Hindrance of inflammatory cytokine signaling is likely dependent on the hyperforin content of SJW extract, but recent data reveal that hypericin can also exert relevant protective effects, mediated by activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase cAMP-dependent (PKA)/adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, against high-fat-diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Actually, the mechanisms of action of the two main components of SJW appear complementary, strengthening the efficacy of the plant extract. Careful quantitative analysis of SJW components and suitable dosage, with monitoring of possible drug-drug interaction in a context of remarkable tolerability, are easily achievable pre-requisites for forthcoming clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Novelli
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Masiello
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pascale Beffy
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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Giuggioli D, Lumetti F, Spinella A, Cocchiara E, Sighinolfi G, Citriniti G, Colaci M, Salvarani C, Ferri C. Use of Neem oil and Hypericum perforatum for treatment of calcinosis-related skin ulcers in systemic sclerosis. J Int Med Res 2019; 48:300060519882176. [PMID: 31875751 PMCID: PMC7607053 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated Neem oil and Hypericum perforatum (Holoil®) for treatment of scleroderma skin ulcers related to calcinosis (SU-calc). Procedure: We retrospectively analyzed 21 consecutive systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with a total of 33 SU-calcs treated daily with Holoil® cream compared with a control group of 20 patients with 26 SU-calcs. Holoil® was directly applied to skin lesions, while the control group received only standard medication. Results Application of Holoil® either resulted in crushing and complete resolution of calcium deposits or facilitated sharp excision of calcinosis during wound care sessions in 27/33 cases (81.8%). Complete healing of SU-calc occurred in 15/33 (45%) of cases within a time period of 40.1 ± 16.3 (mean ± SD) days, while 18/33 (55%) of lesions improved in terms of size, erythema, fibrin and calcium deposits. Patients reported a reduction of pain (mean numeric rating scale 7.3 ± 1.9 at baseline versus 2.9 ± 1.4 at follow-up) The control group had longer healing times and a higher percentage of infections. Conclusions The efficacy of local treatment with neem oil and Hypericum perforatum suggest that Holoil® could be a promising tool in the management of SSc SU-calc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilia Giuggioli
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Medical School, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Lumetti
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Medical School, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Amelia Spinella
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Medical School, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cocchiara
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Medical School, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sighinolfi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103/287, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgia Citriniti
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Medical School, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Michele Colaci
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Catania, Medical School, AOE Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Head of department, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Medical School, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Medical School, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Current Advances in Antimicrobial Therapies and Emerging Treatments. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040193. [PMID: 31652990 PMCID: PMC6963879 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are very important diabetes-related lesions that can lead to serious physical consequences like amputations of limbs and equally severe social, psychological, and economic outcomes. It is reported that up to 25% of patients with diabetes develop a DFU in their lifetime, and more than half of them become infected. Therefore, it is essential to manage infection and ulcer recovery to prevent negatives outcomes. The available information plays a significant role in keeping both physicians and patients aware of the emerging therapies against DFUs. The purpose of this review is to compile the currently available approaches in the managing and treatment of DFUs, including molecular and regenerative medicine, antimicrobial and energy-based therapies, and the use of plant extracts, antimicrobial peptides, growth factors, ozone, devices, and nano-medicine, to offer an overview of the assessment of this condition.
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Gupta SC, Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Neem (Azadirachta indica): An indian traditional panacea with modern molecular basis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 34:14-20. [PMID: 28899496 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For centuries, agents derived from natural sources (mother nature), especially plants have been the primary source of medicine. Neem, also referred to as Azadirachta indica is one such plant that has been so named because it provides freedom from all diseases, and used for thousands of years in Indian and African continents. Different parts of the plant including flowers, leaves, seeds and bark have been used to treat both acute and chronic human diseases; and used as insecticide; antimicrobial, larvicidal, antimalarial, antibacterial, antiviral, and spermicidal. PURPOSE What is there in neem and how it manifests its wide variety of effects is the focus of this review. How neem and its constituents modulate various cellular pathways is discussed. The animal and human studies carried out with neem and its constituents is also discussed. CONCLUSION Over 1000 research articles published on neem has uncovered over 300 structurally diverse constituents, one third of which are limonoids including nimbolide, azadarachtin, and gedunin. These agents manifest their effects by modulating multiple cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Chandra Gupta
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Sahdeo Prasad
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Amit K Tyagi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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Management of acute skin toxicity with Hypericum perforatum and neem oil during platinum-based concurrent chemo-radiation in head and neck cancer patients. Med Oncol 2017; 34:30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to carry out a narrative review regarding the approach to scars through complementary and alternative medicine focusing on osteopathy, naturopathy, and other minor methods and traditional rehabilitative medicines, such as physiotherapy and manual therapies. We analyzed the existing literature regarding the possible influences of techniques relaxing the diaphragm – both manual and psychophysical relaxing techniques – and the consequent local response to events leading to scar tissue healing. The objective of the study is to become a useful instrument of knowledge for those manual therapists and professionals who deal with patients affected by discontinuity of the skin surface due to trauma or surgery. This article also intends to stimulate research in order to find and propose new methods of scar treatment, taking into consideration the information gained so far from other complementary and alternative disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Zanier
- AITOP (Accademia Italiana Terapia Osteopatica Posturale), Castelvetro (MO), Italy ; EdiAcademy, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Bordoni
- AITOP (Accademia Italiana Terapia Osteopatica Posturale), Castelvetro (MO), Italy ; Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria Nascente Institute IRCCS, Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Franco P, Potenza I, Moretto F, Segantin M, Grosso M, Lombardo A, Taricco D, Vallario P, Filippi AR, Rampino M, Ricardi U. Hypericum perforatum and neem oil for the management of acute skin toxicity in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation or chemo-radiation: a single-arm prospective observational study. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:297. [PMID: 25544371 PMCID: PMC4300176 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-014-0297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation dermatitis is common in patients treated with combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy for head and neck malignancies. Its timely and adequate management is of uttermost importance for both oncological outcomes and global quality of life. We prospectively evaluated the role of hypericum perforatum and neem oil (Holoil®; RIMOS srl, Mirandola, Italy) in the treatment of acute skin toxicity for patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. METHODS A consecutive series of 28 head and neck cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy (RT) was enrolled onto this mono-institutional single-arm prospective observational study. Patients undergoing both definitive or post-operative radiotherapy were allowed, either as exclusive modality or combined with (concomitant or induction) chemotherapy. We started Holoil treatment whenever bright erythema, moderate oedema or patchy moist desquamation were observed. Holoil® was used during all RT course and during follow up time, until acute skin toxicity recovery. RESULTS The maximum detected acute skin toxicity was Grade 1 in 7% of patients, Grade 2 in 68%, Grade 3 in 25%, while at the end of RT was Grade 0 in 3.5%, Grade 1 in 32%, Grade 2 in 61%, Grade 3 in 3.5%. For patients having G2 acute skin toxicity, it mainly started at weeks 4-5; for those having G3, it began during weeks 5-6. Median times spent with G2 or G3 toxicity were 17.5 and 11 days. Patients having G2 acute skin toxicity had a dermatitis worsening in 27% of case (median occurrence time: 7 days). G3 events were reconverted to a G2 profile in all patients (median time: 7 days). Those experiencing a G2 skin event were converted to a G1 score in 23% of cases (median time: 14 days). Time between maximum acute skin toxicity and complete skin recovery after RT was 27 days. CONCLUSIONS Holoil® proved to be a safe and active option in the management of acute skin toxicity in head and neck cancer patients submitted to RT or chemo-radiotherapy. A prophylactic effect in the prevention of moist desquamation may be hypothesized for hypericum and neem oil and need to be tested within a prospective controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Franco
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Potenza
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesco Moretto
- Radiotherapy Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
| | - Mattia Segantin
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Mario Grosso
- Radiotherapy Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
| | - Antonello Lombardo
- ENT Surgery Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
| | - Daniela Taricco
- Radiotherapy Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Vallario
- Radiotherapy Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
| | - Andrea Riccardo Filippi
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Monica Rampino
- Radiotherapy Department, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy.
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Turin School of Medicine, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Iabichella ML, Caruso C, Lugli M. The use of an extract of Hypericum perforatum and Azadirachta indica in a neuropathic patient with advanced diabetic foot. BMJ Case Rep 2014; 2014:bcr-2014-205706. [PMID: 25378221 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-205706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful use of an extract of Hypericum flowers (Hypericum perforatum) and nimh oil (Azadirachta indica; Hyperoil) in foot wounds with exposed bone in a patient with bilateral advanced diabetic ulcers, has been reported previously. It was hypothesised that this amelioration was linked with the improved glycaemic control and peripheral microvascular circulation. In this case report, the surprisingly successful outcome of another patient using Hyperoil for infection damaged diabetic foot, without prior use of surgical procedure, is described. The patient had no macrovascular pattern impairment. Diabetic foot healing paralleled with controlled local infection and enhanced glycaemic control. The outcome of this patient suggests that the effectiveness of this inexpensive therapy using Hyperoil for diabetic foot is not only linked with the presence of severe microvascular disorder, but also with the appropriate local treatment for ulcer being a must for its recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Iabichella
- Helios Med Onlus, International Health Cooperation, Pozzallo (RG), Italy Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Deep Venous Surgery and Tissue Repair International Centre, Hesperia Hospital, Modena (MO), Italy
| | | | - Marzia Lugli
- Helios Med Onlus, International Health Cooperation, Pozzallo (RG), Italy Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Deep Venous Surgery and Tissue Repair International Centre, Hesperia Hospital, Modena (MO), Italy
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