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Yadav V, Anand R, Abbey P, Haq S. Imaging spectrum of horseshoe lung: A series of four cases. SA J Radiol 2024; 28:2766. [PMID: 38725971 PMCID: PMC11079374 DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v28i1.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Horseshoe lung (HL) is a rare congenital anomaly represented by the fusion of both lungs, posterior to the heart, and is typically associated with various bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular malformations. Multi-detector contrast enhanced CT is the imaging modality of choice to demonstrate the pathology and associated malformations. There has been inconsistency in the nomenclature used for such cases in literature. To resolve ambiguity, the authors emphasise that only two terms: HL and pseudo-HL be used on imaging to describe variants of this congenital malformation. Contribution A description of the imaging features in four cases of HL, with their associated malformations and a review of the nomenclature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Yadav
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Rama Anand
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Abbey
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Samrin Haq
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Diaphragmatic eventration as a first sign of Scimitar syndrome. Cardiol Young 2021; 31:1870-1872. [PMID: 33941297 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121001694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Diaphragmatic eventration is an anomaly of the diaphragm. In Scimitar syndrome, a curved-shaped anomalous pulmonary venous drainage is seen. Association between these conditions is rare. We present a newborn with diaphragmatic eventration, whose diagnosis of Scimitar syndrome was made after surgical repair. Scimitar syndrome is a congenital disorder often associated with other heart and lungs anomalies. Diagnosis can be fortuitous but with important prognostic features.
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Kim JY, Kim WS, Lee KS, Je BK, Park JE, Ryu YJ, Choi YH, Cheon JE. Posterior Lung Herniation in Pulmonary Agenesis and Aplasia: Chest Radiograph and Cross-Sectional Imaging Correlation. Korean J Radiol 2021; 22:1690-1696. [PMID: 34269531 PMCID: PMC8484146 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2021.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the anatomic locations and imaging features of posterior lung herniation in unilateral pulmonary agenesis and aplasia, focusing on radiograph-CT/MRI correlation. Materials and Methods A total of 10 patients (seven with pulmonary agenesis and three with pulmonary aplasia, male: female = 1:9, mean age 7.3 years, age range from 1 month to 20 years) were included. Chest radiographs (n = 9), CT (n = 9), and MRI (n = 1) were reviewed to assess the type of lung underdevelopment, presence of anterior and posterior lung herniation, bronchus origin, supplying artery, and draining vein of the herniated lung. Results Pulmonary agenesis/aplasia more commonly affected the left lung (n = 7) than the right lung (n = 3). Anterior lung herniation was observed in nine of the 10 patients. Posterior lung herniation was observed in seven patients with left pulmonary agenesis/aplasia. Two patients showed posterior lung herniation crossing the midline but not beyond the aorta, and five patients showed the posteriorly herniated right lower lobe crossing the midline to extend into the left hemithorax farther beyond the descending thoracic aorta through the space between the esophagus and the aorta. This anatomical configuration resulted in a characteristic radiographic finding of a radiolucent area with a convex lateral border and a vertical medial border in the left lower lung zone, revealing a tongue-like projection on CT and MRI. Conclusion Posterior lung herniation occurs in unilateral left lung agenesis/aplasia. Approximately 70% of the cases of posterior lung herniation reveal a unique radiolucent tongue-like projection in the left lower lung zone on imaging studies, which is caused by the extension of the posteriorly herniated right lung farther beyond the descending aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Woo Sun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kyung Soo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Je
- Department of Radiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Jin Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Hun Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Cheon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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Thuong Vu L, Duc NM, Tra My TT, Tuan Linh L, Quynh Huong T, Tan Lien Bang M. Two rare cases of horseshoe lung with scimitar syndrome in Vietnam. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 32:101357. [PMID: 33604237 PMCID: PMC7876558 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Horseshoe lung is a rare, congenital, pulmonary anomaly in which the caudal and basal segments of the left and right lungs are joined together. Most cases of horseshoe lung are associated with scimitar syndrome. Horseshoe lung can be diagnosed using pulmonary angiography, showing that the isthmus of the pulmonary parenchyma crosses the midline into the contralateral side. The isthmus parenchyma is typically supplied by the hypoplastic pulmonary artery. Clinical symptoms, therapeutic methods, and prognosis depend on the incidence of pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, recurrent pneumonia, and other combinations of congenital malformations. In this article, we describe two cases of horseshoe lung associated with scimitar syndrome and pulmonary malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thuong Vu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Minh Duc
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.,Department of Radiology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thieu-Thi Tra My
- Department of Radiology, Ha Noi Medical University, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Tuan Linh
- Department of Radiology, Ha Noi Medical University, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Quynh Huong
- Department of Respirology, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Mai Tan Lien Bang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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