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Skowron K, Kurnik-Łucka M, Jurczyk M, Aleksandrovych V, Stach P, Dadański E, Kuśnierz-Cabala B, Jasiński K, Węglarz WP, Mazur P, Podlasz P, Wąsowicz K, Gil K. Is the Activity-Based Anorexia Model a Reliable Method of Presenting Peripheral Clinical Features of Anorexia Nervosa? Nutrients 2021; 13:2876. [PMID: 34445036 PMCID: PMC8399373 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) causes the highest number of deaths among all psychiatric disorders. Reduction in food intake and hyperactivity/increased anxiety observed in AN are also the core features of the activity-based anorexia animal model (ABA). Our aim was to assess how the acute ABA protocol mimics common AN complications, including gonadal and cardiovascular dysfunctions, depending on gender, age, and initial body weight, to form a comprehensive description of ABA as a reliable research tool. Wheel running, body weight, and food intake of adolescent female and male rats were monitored. Electrocardiography, heart rate variability, systolic blood pressure, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements were performed. Immediately after euthanasia, tissue fragments and blood were collected for further analysis. Uterine weight was 2 times lower in ABA female rats, and ovarian tissue exhibited a reduced number of antral follicles and decreased expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Cardiovascular measurements revealed autonomic decompensation with prolongation of QRS complex and QT interval. The ABA model is a reliable research tool for presenting the breakdown of adaptation mechanisms observed in severe AN. Cardiac and hormonal features of ABA with underlying altered neuroendocrine pathways create a valid phenotype of a human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skowron
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Michał Jurczyk
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Veronika Aleksandrovych
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Paulina Stach
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Emil Dadański
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Beata Kuśnierz-Cabala
- Department of Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Jasiński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (K.J.); (W.P.W.)
| | - Władysław P. Węglarz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; (K.J.); (W.P.W.)
| | - Paulina Mazur
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Podlasz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (P.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Wąsowicz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (P.P.); (K.W.)
| | - Krzysztof Gil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (M.K.-Ł.); (M.J.); (V.A.); (P.S.); (E.D.); (K.G.)
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Burns J, Shank C, Ganigara M, Saldanha N, Dhar A. Cardiac complications of malnutrition in adolescent patients: A narrative review of contemporary literature. Ann Pediatr Cardiol 2021; 14:501-506. [PMID: 35527750 PMCID: PMC9075577 DOI: 10.4103/apc.apc_258_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Autonomic Nervous System Response during Light Physical Activity in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa Measured by Wearable Devices. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19122820. [PMID: 31238575 PMCID: PMC6630965 DOI: 10.3390/s19122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with a wide range of disturbances of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of the present study was to monitor the heart rate (HR) and the heart rate variability (HRV) during light physical activity in a group of adolescent girls with AN and in age-matched controls using a wearable, minimally obtrusive device. For the study, we enrolled a sample of 23 adolescents with AN and 17 controls. After performing a 12-lead electrocardiogram and echocardiography, we used a wearable device to record a one-lead electrocardiogram for 5 min at baseline for 5 min during light physical exercise (Task) and for 5 min during recovery. From the recording, we extracted HR and HRV indices. Among subjects with AN, the HR increased at task and decreased at recovery, whereas among controls it did not change between the test phases. HRV features showed a different trend between the two groups, with an increased low-to-high frequency ratio (LF/HF) in the AN group due to increased LF and decreased HF, differently from controls that, otherwise, slightly increased their standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). The response in the AN group during the task as compared to that of healthy adolescents suggests a possible sympathetic activation or parasympathetic withdrawal, differently from controls. This result could be related to the low energy availability associated to the excessive loss of fat and lean mass in subjects with AN, that could drive to autonomic imbalance even during light physical activity.
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