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Yong LSS, Tong JY, Huang S, Selva D. Radiological Characteristics of Orbital Melanoma. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:195-196. [PMID: 36867767 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Shien S Yong
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica Y Tong
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The University of Adelaide and The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonia Huang
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The University of Adelaide and The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The University of Adelaide and The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Multi-Modal Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Uveal Melanoma. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080560. [PMID: 34436501 PMCID: PMC8400170 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), was used to obtain images of lipids and metabolite distribution in formalin fixed and embedded in paraffin (FFPE) whole eye sections containing primary uveal melanomas (UM). Using this technique, it was possible to obtain images of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) type lipid distribution that highlighted the tumour regions. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry images (LA-ICP-MS) performed on UM sections showed increases in copper within the tumour periphery and intratumoural zinc in tissue from patients with poor prognosis. These preliminary data indicate that multi-modal MSI has the potential to provide insights into the role of trace metals and cancer metastasis.
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Gumeler E, Parlak S, Yazici G, Karabulut E, Kiratli H, Oguz KK. Single shot echo planar imaging (ssEPI) vs single shot turbo spin echo (ssTSE) DWI of the orbit in patients with ocular melanoma. Br J Radiol 2020; 94:20200825. [PMID: 33264035 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has become important for orbital imaging. However, the echoplanar imaging (EPI) DWI has inherent obstacles due to susceptibility to magnetic field inhomogeneities. We conducted a comparative study assessing the image quality of orbits in a patient cohort with uveal melanoma (UM). We hypothesized that single shot turbo spin echo (ssTSE) DWI would have better image quality in terms of less distortion and artifacts and yield better tissue evaluation compared to ssEPI-DWI. METHODS ssEPI-DWI and ssTSE-DWI of orbits were obtained from 50 patients with uveal melanoma who were prospectively enrolled in the study. Distortion ratio (DR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), diffusion signal properties, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were collected and compared between ssEPI-DWI and ssTSE-DWI. Two reviewers evaluated and compared the geometric distortion, susceptibility and ghosting artifacts, resolution, demarcation of ocular mass, and overall quality. RESULTS A higher DR was found in ssEPI-DWI compared to ssTSE-DWI (p < 0.001). SNR and CNR were lower for the temporal lobe cortex (p ≤ 0.004), but higher for melanoma in ssEPI-DWI than ssTSE-DWI (p ≤ 0.037). Geometric distortion and artifacts were more common in ssEPI-DWI (p < 0.001). Resolution (p ≤ 0.013) and overall quality (p < 0.001) were better in ssTSE-DWI. Ocular masses were demarcated better on ssEPI-DWI (p ≤ 0.002). Significant negative correlations between T1 and T2 signal intensities (r = -0.369, p ≤ 0.008) and positive correlations between T2 and both DWI signal intensities (r = 0.686 and p < 0.001 for ssEPI-DWI, r = 0.747 and p < 0.001 for ssTSE-DWI) were revealed. CONCLUSION With less geometric distortion and susceptibility artifacts, better resolution, and overall quality, ssTSE-DWI can serve as an alternative to ssEPI-DWI for orbital DWI. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE ssTSE-DWI can be a better alternative of diffusion imaging of orbits with less susceptibility artifact and geometric distortion compared to ssEPI-DWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekim Gumeler
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safak Parlak
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gozde Yazici
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Karabulut
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hayyam Kiratli
- Department of Ophtalmology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kader K Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Diffusion-weighted MRI for uveal melanoma liver metastasis detection. Eur Radiol 2015; 25:2263-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-3662-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Nakaoku Y, Murakami G, Fujimoto Y, Shirase T, Imamine R, Mitsueda-Ono T, Matsui M. [A case of leptomeningeal melanomatosis presenting with right abducens nerve palsy]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2014; 54:675-8. [PMID: 25142543 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.54.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 39 year-old man was admitted to this hospital because of severe headache and vomiting. He had been suffering from lumbago about one month previously, and diplopia ten days previously. The neurological examination revealed disturbance of right eye abduction, no nuchal rigidity. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the time of admission included erythrocytes (1,490/μl), white blood cell (62/μl) and increased level of protein (531 mg/dl), but no malignant cells were detected. He was treated as meningitis. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated heterogeneous intensity lesion in the left maxillary sinus and gadolinium enhancement of diffuse meninges and cranial nerves. Spine MRI showed gadolinium enhancement of lumbar spinal meninges and the cauda equina. Biopsy of the lesion in the left maxillary sinus was performed. The pathological findings demonstrated malignant melanoma. Because malignant cells were also observed in CSF, we diagnosed this case as leptomeningeal melanomatosis. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis should be suspected when headache accompanied with pleomorphic clinical manifestations.
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Influence of paramagnetic melanin on the MRI contrast in melanoma: a combined high-field (11.7 T) MRI and EPR study. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 9:154-60. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sofue K, Tateishi U, Tsurusaki M, Arai Y, Yamazaki N, Sugimura K. MR imaging of hepatic metastasis in patients with malignant melanoma: Evaluation of suspected lesions screened at contrast-enhanced CT. Eur J Radiol 2012; 81:714-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang W, Shen Y, Wan R, Zhu Y. Primary clear cell sarcoma of the sacrum: a case report. Skeletal Radiol 2011; 40:633-9. [PMID: 21181468 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-010-1077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma, first described by Enzinger in 1965, is an uncommon malignant soft tissue neoplasm that displays melanocytic differentiation. It occurs predominantly in the soft tissue of the extremities in young adults or children. Primary clear cell sarcoma of the bone is extremely rare, only seven cases have been reported to our knowledge. We present here a case of a huge primary clear cell sarcoma of the sacrum arising in a 25-year-old man. The average percentage of melanin content in the tumor was 9.25 ± 6.71%, which resulted in hypointense signal in T2-weighted and heterogeneous hyperintense signal in T1-wieghted images of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient was treated with curettage of the mass and neither further radiotherapy nor chemotherapy had been provided. The patient had local regrowth of tumor at 9 months after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CCS in the axial skeleton documented in English literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rui Jin Hospital, affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Transscleral visible/near-infrared spectroscopy for quantitative assessment of melanin in a uveal melanoma phantom of ex vivo porcine eyes. Exp Eye Res 2010; 90:330-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 10/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wu JS, Hochman MG. Soft-tissue tumors and tumorlike lesions: a systematic imaging approach. Radiology 2009; 253:297-316. [PMID: 19864525 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2532081199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Soft-tissue lesions are frequently encountered by radiologists in everyday clinical practice. Characterization of these soft-tissue lesions remains problematic, despite advances in imaging. By systematically using clinical history, lesion location, mineralization on radiographs, and signal intensity characteristics on magnetic resonance images, one can (a) determine the diagnosis for the subset of determinate lesions that have characteristic clinical and imaging features and (b) narrow the differential diagnosis for lesions that demonstrate indeterminate characteristics. If a lesion cannot be characterized as a benign entity, the lesion should be reported as indeterminate, and the patient should undergo biopsy to exclude malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim S Wu
- Department of Radiology, Section of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Maeda T, Tateishi U, Suzuki S, Arai Y, Kim EE, Sugimura K. Magnetic resonance screening trial for hepatic metastasis in patients with locally controlled choroidal melanoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008; 37:282-6. [PMID: 17553818 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hym018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the value of magnetic resonance (MR) screening for detection of hepatic metastasis in patients with locally controlled choroidal melanoma. METHODS MR examinations were performed after an initial diagnosis of choroidal melanoma in 159 patients (mean age 56 years: range, 10-86 years). The MR follow-up interval was 5.2 +/- 1.7 years (range, 1.2-6.6 years). A total of 363 MR studies were reviewed by two radiologists for predominant signal intensity characteristics. Hepatic metastasis was verified by histological examination: tumor resection and CT-guided needle biopsy specimens and/or on the basis of an obvious progression in number and/or size of the lesions on the follow-up MR examination. RESULTS The majority of patients underwent MR examinations from one to three times (n = 126, 79%). During a mean follow-up period of 5.7 years, a focal abnormality in the liver was found in 20 patients (13%). Of these, 15 patients (9%) were diagnosed as having hepatic metastasis. The number of the metastatic lesions with a short T1 and short T2 pattern were one (n = 1, 9%), two (n = 2, 18%), three (n = 1, 9%) and multiple (n = 7, 63%). The focal abnormalities of MR examinations in five other patients consisted of vascular artifacts (n = 3, 15%) and cysts with hemorrhage (n = 2, 10%). CONCLUSIONS The screening of MR examinations detected hepatic metastasis in 15 of 159 patients (9%) with locally controlled choroidal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Maeda
- Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Bourne RM, Stanwell P, Stretch JR, Scolyer RA, Thompson JF, Mountford CE, Lean CL. In vivo and ex vivo proton MR spectroscopy of primary and secondary melanoma. Eur J Radiol 2005; 53:506-13. [PMID: 15741026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2004.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2003] [Revised: 03/29/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In vivo magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy at 1.5T was performed on a large polypoid cutaneous melanoma, and two enlarged lymph nodes containing metastatic melanoma, from three patients. Spectra were acquired in vivo from voxels wholly within the primary tumour or secondary lymph node and were thus uncontaminated by signals from adjacent tissue. Tissue biopsies taken after resection of primary tumours and secondary lymph nodes were examined by 8.5T magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and the results compared with the in vivo spectra, and with spectra from normal skin and a benign skin lesion. There was good agreement between the dominant features of 1.5T spectra acquired in vivo and 8.5T spectra acquired from resected tissue. However, less intense resonances observed at 8.5T in malignant biopsy tissue were not consistently observed at 1.5T in vivo. In vivo spectra from primary and metastatic melanoma showed high levels of choline metabolites. An intense lactate resonance was also present in the in vivo spectrum of primary melanoma. All 8.5T spectra of biopsies from primary and secondary melanoma showed high levels of choline metabolites and lactate, and additional resonances consistent with elevated levels of taurine, alanine, lysine, and glutamate/glutamine relative to normal and benign tissue. Elevated levels of choline, lactate, taurine, and amino acids appear to be clinically useful markers for identifying the pathology of primary and metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger M Bourne
- Institute for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, University of Sydney, Block 3, Level 3, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Ismail Y, McLean NR, Chippindale AJ. MRI and malignant melanoma of the parotid gland. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2001; 54:636-7. [PMID: 11583503 DOI: 10.1054/bjps.2001.3674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A case is presented highlighting the unusual features and the value of MRI in the assessment of metastatic malignant melanoma of the parotid gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ismail
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Henson JM, Butler MJ, Day AW. THE DARK SIDE OF THE MYCELIUM: Melanins of Phytopathogenic Fungi. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 1999; 37:447-471. [PMID: 11701831 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Melanins are darkly pigmented polymers that protect organisms against environmental stress. Even when not directly involved in pathogenesis, fungal melanin is likely required by melanizing phytopathogens for survival in the environment. However, some phytopathogenic fungi that produce melanized appressoria for host invasion require appressorial melanogenesis for pathogenicity. Much less is known about the role melanins play in pathogenesis during infection by other phytopathogens that do not rely on appressoria for host penetration. Here we focus on one such phytopathogenic fungus, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, the etiologic agent of the devastating root disease of cereals, take-all. This fungus is lightly pigmented in culture, but requires melanin biosynthesis for pathogenesis, perhaps to produce melanized, ectotrophic macrohyphae on roots. However, the constitutively melanized, asexual Phialophora anamorph of G. graminis var. tritici is nonpathogenic. In addition, melanization of G. graminis var. graminis is not required to produce root disease on its rice host. Explanations for these apparent contradictions are suggested, as are other functions for the melanins of phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Henson
- Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717;
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Premkumar A, Marincola F, Taubenberger J, Chow C, Venzon D, Schwartzentruber D. Metastatic melanoma: correlation of MRI characteristics and histopathology. J Magn Reson Imaging 1996; 6:190-4. [PMID: 8851427 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1880060134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To correlate the findings on MRI with histopathology of metastatic melanoma, MRI was performed on 29 patients with 36 lesions, using spin-echo and inversion recovery sequences. Histopathologic examination of lesions was performed within 4 weeks of imaging. Lesions were categorized according to cell type and were also evaluated for the presence and extent of melanin, iron, and necrosis. These data were then correlated with the signal intensities of the lesions. Enhancement of lesions after injection of intravenous gadolinium was calculated and correlated to vascularity of the tumor. Melanin was present more frequently in lesions appearing hyperintense or with mixed signal intensity (12/15) than in those appearing hypo- or isointense (6/21) on the T1-weighted sequence. This trend was significant (P = .013). Also, more lesions appearing mixed, ie, having both hypo- and hyperintense components, contained melanin (15/23), as opposed to lesions that appeared to be only hyperintense (3/13) on the STIR sequence. There was no clear association between signal intensity and melanin content on the T2-weighted sequence. There was no significant association between the signal intensities on the MR images and the iron content, tumor size, or tumor cell type of these lesions. There was no clear association between enhancement after gadolinium injection and vascularity, as assessed by histology. The authors concluded in this study that T1 shortening and hypointensity on the STIR sequence seen in patients with metastatic melanoma are most closely related to the melanin content of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Premkumar
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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