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Windak A, Rochfort A, Jacquet J. The revised European Definition of General Practice/Family Medicine. A pivotal role of One Health, Planetary Health and Sustainable Development Goals. Eur J Gen Pract 2024; 30:2306936. [PMID: 38334099 PMCID: PMC10860453 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2024.2306936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Windak
- Chair of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- European Academy of Teachers in General Practice/Family Medicine (EURACT) The College of Family Physicians in Poland, Warszava, Poland
- Associate Editor of the European Journal of General Practice
| | - A. Rochfort
- Irish College of General Practitioners, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin4, Ireland
- EQuiP, WONCA Europe Network for Quality & Safety in Family Medicine
| | - J. Jacquet
- Collège de la Médecine Générale, France
- EURIPA, WONCA Europe Network for Rural and Isolated General Practitioner
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Hassan AHE, Choi Y, Kim R, Kim HJ, Almatary AM, El-Sayed SM, Lee Y, Lee JK, Park KD, Lee YS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of O 4'-benzyl-hispidol derivatives and analogs as dual monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors and anti-neuroinflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117826. [PMID: 39004050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of two series of O4'-benzyl-hispidol derivatives and the analogous corresponding O3'-benzyl derivatives aiming to develop selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors endowed with anti-neuroinflammatory activity is reported herein. The first O4'-benzyl-hispidol derivatives series afforded several more potentially active and MAO-B inhibitors than the O3'-benzyl derivatives series. The most potential compound 2e of O4'-benzyl derivatives elicited sub-micromolar MAO-B IC50 of 0.38 µM with a selectivity index >264 whereas most potential compound 3b of O3'-benzyl derivatives showed only 0.95 MAO-B IC50 and a selectivity index >105. Advancement of the most active compounds showing sub-micromolar activities to further cellular evaluations of viability and induced production of pro-neuroinflammatory mediators confirmed compound 2e as a potential lead compound inhibiting the production of the neuroinflammatory mediator nitric oxide significantly by microglial BV2 cells at 3 µM concentration without significant cytotoxicity up to 30 µM. In silico molecular docking study predicted plausible binding modes with MAO enzymes and provided insights at the molecular level. Overall, this report presents compound 2e as a potential lead compound to develop potential multifunctional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Choi
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Rium Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Aya M Almatary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Selwan M El-Sayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa 7731168, Egypt
| | - Yeongae Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Pettan-Brewer C, Penn G, Biondo AW, Jaenisch T, Grützmacher K, Kahn LH. Who coined the term "One Health"? Cooperation amid the siloization. One Health 2024; 18:100678. [PMID: 38304438 PMCID: PMC10831148 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This short communication is an effort to describe and elucidate the trajectory of the modern historical concept of "One Health." It is dedicated to the many integrated approaches of health closely related to One Health, while also recognizing the contribution and origination of One Health perspectives/notions from those that have led the way and spearheaded this movement while considering Indigenous cultures across the world. The effects of synergies of those involved in building these integrative approaches are potentially bigger and better lasting than the sum of the individual players. It is only through collaboration, cooperation and diplomacy that we can achieve impactful transformation to benefit health. In this commentary, we aim to appropriately and accurately describe how the current use of "One Health" came to be and who were the main players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pettan-Brewer
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- One Health, Zoonoses & Shelter Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gillian Penn
- Colorado School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexander W. Biondo
- One Health, Zoonoses & Shelter Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Center for Global Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kim Grützmacher
- Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Sitz der Gesellschaft Bonn und Eschborn/Registered Offices Bonn and Eschborn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura H. Kahn
- One Health Initiative (pro bono), Program on Science and Global Security at the School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University, USA
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Rai BD, Tessema GA, Fritschi L, Pereira G. The application of the One Health approach in the management of five major zoonotic diseases using the World Bank domains: A scoping review. One Health 2024; 18:100695. [PMID: 39010967 PMCID: PMC11247293 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The international authorities, such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, World Organization for Animal Health, United Nations Environment Programme, and World Bank, have endorsed the One Health concept as an effective approach to optimize the health of people, animals, and the environment. The One Health concept is considered as an integrated and unifying approach with the objective of sustainably balancing and optimizing the health of people, animals, and ecosystems. Despite variations in its definitions, the underlying principle remains consistent - recognizing the interconnected and interdependent health of humans, animals, and the environment, necessitating interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize health outcomes. The One Health approach has been applied in numerous countries for detecting, managing, and controlling diseases. Moreover, the concept has found application in various areas, including antimicrobial resistance, food safety, and ecotoxicology, with a growing demand. There is a growing consensus that the One Health concept and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals mutually reinforce each other. The World Bank has recommended five domains as foundational building blocks for operationalising the One Health approach, which includes: i) One Health stakeholders, roles, and responsibilities; ii) financial and personal resources; iii) communication and information; iv) technical infrastructure; and v) governance. The domains provide a generalised overview of the One Health concept and guide to its application. We conducted a scoping review following the five-staged Arksey and O'Malley's framework. The objective of the review was to map and synthesise available evidence of application of the One Health approach to five major zoonotic diseases using the World Bank domains. Publications from the year 2004, marking the inception of the term 'One Health,' to 2022 were included. Information was charted and categorised against the World Bank domains identified as a priori. We included 1132 records obtained from three databases: Embase, Medline, and Global Health; as well as other sources. After excluding duplicates, screening for titles and abstracts, and full text screening, 20 articles that contained descriptions of 29 studies that implemented the One Health approach were selected for the review. We found that included studies varied in the extent to which the five domains were utilised. Less than half the total studies (45%) used all the five domains and none of the studies used all the sub-domains. The environmental sector showed an underrepresentation in the application of the One Health approach to zoonotic diseases as 14 (48%) studies in 10 articles did not mention it as a stakeholder. Sixty two percent of the studies mentioned receiving support from international partners in implementing the One Health approach and 76% of the studies were supported by international donors to conduct the studies. The review identified disparate funding mechanisms employed in the implementation of the One Health approach. However, there were limited discussions on plans for continuity and viability of these funding mechanisms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bir Doj Rai
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, 400 Kent St, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Gizachew A Tessema
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, 400 Kent St, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, 400 Kent St, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Lin Fritschi
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, 400 Kent St, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, 400 Kent St, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- enAble Institute, Curtin University, 400 Kent St, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
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Carl J, Abu-Omar K, Bernard P, Lohmann J, White P, Peters J, Sahlqvist S, Ma J, Duncan M, Barnett LM. Physical Literacy in the Context of Climate Change: Is There a Need for Further Refinement of the Concept? J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:316-319. [PMID: 38176406 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The concept of physical literacy (PL) has witnessed enormous popularity in recent years and has undergone substantial theoretical evolvement during the last 2 decades. However, the research field pertaining to PL has not yet initiated discussions around the challenges of climate change and the alignment with conceptualizations of planetary health. Therefore, we argue that the consideration of an "ecological domain" for individual physical activity, in the form of ecological awareness, would further evolve the concept. We illustrate how to potentially integrate adjustments within the most frequent PL definitions of the field (eg, those in Australia, Canada, England, Ireland, the United States, or by the International Physical Literacy Association) without questioning the entire integrity of these elaborate conceptualizations. An ecological domain of PL would not only interact with the postulated physical, cognitive, psychological/affective, and social domains of PL but also have important implications for the (re)design of interventions and practices in physical activity contexts. We call the scientific community, both on national and international scales, to intensify the discussions and initiate a research agenda involving an "ecological domain" of PL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Carl
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Karim Abu-Omar
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paquito Bernard
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Research Center, University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Lohmann
- Institute of Sports Science, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Peta White
- School of Education, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqui Peters
- School of Education, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Shannon Sahlqvist
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds,VIC, Australia
| | - Jiani Ma
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Duncan
- Center for Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
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Weatherly C, Carag J, Zohdy S, Morrison M. The mental health impacts of human-ecosystem-animal relationships: A systematic scoping review of Eco-, Planetary, and One Health approaches. One Health 2023; 17:100621. [PMID: 38024273 PMCID: PMC10665142 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The threats to human and animal health, biodiversity conservation, and our living planet's future are ever-present and increasingly more severe due to climate change and environmental degradation. There is an emerging discourse exploring the mental health dimensions contained within these changes. To better understand and respond to these impacts requires novel and creative methodological approaches built on conceptual frameworks that integrate perspectives from the social and natural sciences. Three of the most influential interdisciplinary frameworks at the human-animal-ecosystem interface include: One Health, EcoHealth, and Planetary Health. These frameworks report mental health as an integral component within overall health-related outcomes. However, a comprehensive synthesis of the state of the literature that examines how mental health is explored within these approaches does not currently exist. A systematic scoping review was therefore conducted to obtain clear understandings of patterns, gaps, and broad themes, and to highlight future research needs and considerations. Standardized PRISMA guidelines, including explicitly defined inclusion/exclusion criteria and dual screening/extractions, were used. 13 papers were included: seven using the One Health Framework, with Planetary and EcoHealth each represented by three. Trends observed include a predominate focus on companion animals as interventions, "sense of place" used as a component of mental well-being, and non-physical health-related measurements of animal well-being as an outcome within One Health research. The lack in retrieved studies also highlight the dearth in literature on mental health as a pillar of these three well established frameworks. Compiling what is known in the evidence-base as a launching point for scientific engagement, this review describes guidance for investigators on how to conduct mental health research within these framework parameters so that future studies can elucidate mechanisms underpinning the intersections between the biosphere and human mental-health and data-driven interventions and policy recommendations that simultaneously address mental health and global change can be proposed and enacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Weatherly
- University of Georgia School of Social Work, 279 Williams St, Athens, GA 30602, United States of America
| | - J. Carag
- Emory University School of Medicine, 100 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
| | - S. Zohdy
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment and College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
| | - M. Morrison
- St. Louis University School of Social Work, Tegeler Hall, 3550 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63103, United States of America
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Acuña JJ, Hu J, Inostroza NG, Valenzuela T, Perez P, Epstein S, Sessitsch A, Zhang Q, Jorquera MA. Endophytic bacterial communities in ungerminated and germinated seeds of commercial vegetables. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19829. [PMID: 37963999 PMCID: PMC10645892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chile is a prominent seed exporter globally, but the seed microbiome of vegetables (46% of seeds) and its role in the early stages of plant growth have remained largely unexplored. Here, we employed DNA metabarcoding analysis to investigate the composition and putative functions of endophytic bacterial communities in ungerminated and germinated seeds of the commercial vegetables Apiaceae (parsley and carrot), Asteraceae (lettuce), Brassicaceae (cabbage and broccoli), and Solanaceae (tomato). Bacterial quantification showed 104 to 108 copies of the 16S rRNA gene per gram of ungerminated and germinated seeds. Alpha diversity analysis (e.g., Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices) did not indicate significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis test) between ungerminated and germinated seeds, except for Solanaceae. However, beta diversity (PCoA) analysis showed distinctions (Adonis test) between ungerminated and germinated seeds, except Apiaceae. Pseudomonadota and Bacillota were identified as the dominant and specialist taxa in both ungerminated and germinated seed samples. Chemoheterotrophy and fermentation were predicted as the main microbial functional groups in the endophytic bacterial community. Notably, a considerable number of the 143 isolated endophytic strains displayed plant growth-promoting traits (10 to 64%) and biocontrol activity (74% to 82%) against plant pathogens (Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas). This study revealed the high variability in the abundance, diversity, composition, and functionality of endophytic bacteria between ungerminated and germinated seeds in globally commercialized vegetables. Furthermore, potential beneficial endophytic bacteria contained in their seed microbiomes that may contribute to the microbiome of the early stages, development, growth and progeny of vegetables were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelinne J Acuña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (MI-CGR), Valenzuela Puelma 10207, 7800003, Santiago, La Reina, Chile
| | - Jingming Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Nitza G Inostroza
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tamara Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Perez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Slava Epstein
- College of Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Qian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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Chang MY, Chao CT, Chen HS. Exploring the Impact of Human-Animal Connections and Trust in Labeling Consumers' Intentions to Buy Cage-Free Eggs: Findings from Taiwan. Foods 2023; 12:3310. [PMID: 37685241 PMCID: PMC10486878 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, interest in animal welfare has steadily increased, driven by a growing focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. This trend aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. This underscores the importance of comprehending consumer attitudes towards products that are respectful to animal welfare. This research aims to employ the Value-Attitude-Behavior (VAB) model as a theoretical basis to explore the behavioral intentions of Taiwanese consumers to buy cage-free eggs. To provide comprehensive insights into consumer behavior in this domain, the study examines key variables such as 'human-nature connectedness', 'trust in labels', and 'attitude towards animal welfare'. By addressing an existing research gap in the literature and exploring consumer behavior in relation to animal welfare-friendly products, the research contributes to an area that has received limited attention. We gathered a total of 341 valid questionnaires for this research. Employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) along with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), we investigated the causal connections between variables. The study presents three key observations: First, consumers who value sustainability and ethics tend to maintain a positive perspective on free-range eggs. Second, a favorable stance towards cage-free eggs directly correlates with positive future behaviors. Lastly, label trustworthiness and a supportive view towards animal welfare heavily affect behavioral intentions in consumers. Given these insights and the growing significance of animal welfare in consumer choices, we recommend that participants in the food and livestock sector earnestly advocate for and back practices that prioritize animal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yen Chang
- Department of Accounting, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China;
| | - Ching-Tzu Chao
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Han-Shen Chen
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Management, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Buist Y, Bekker M, Vaandrager L, Koelen M, van Mierlo B. Strategies for public health adaptation to climate change in practice: social learning in the processionary Moth Knowledge Platform. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1179129. [PMID: 37663864 PMCID: PMC10469614 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1179129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Social learning theory can support understanding of how a group of diverse actors addresses complex challenges related to public health adaptation. This study focuses on one specific issue of public health adaptation: oak processionary moth (OPM) adaptation. With a social learning framework, we examined how public health adaption strategies gradually develop and are adjusted on the basis of new knowledge and experiences. For this qualitative case study, data were collected through 27 meetings of the Processionary Moth Knowledge Platform in the Netherlands and six additional interviews. Results indicate that relations between stakeholders, including experts played a major role in the learning process, facilitating the development and implementation of OPM adaptation and connecting local challenges to national adaptation strategies. Uncertainties regarding knowledge and organization were recurrent topics of discussion, highlighting the iterative and adaptive nature of public health adaptation. The study emphasizes the importance of building relationships among stakeholders and small steps in the learning process that can lead to the creation of new strategies and, if successful, the prevention of negative health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Buist
- Department of Social Sciences, Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marleen Bekker
- Department of Social Sciences, Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Lenneke Vaandrager
- Department of Social Sciences, Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maria Koelen
- Department of Social Sciences, Health and Society, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Barbara van Mierlo
- Department of Social Sciences, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Lestingi A. Use of Wild Boar ( Sus scrofa) as a Sustainable Alternative in Pork Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2258. [PMID: 37508036 PMCID: PMC10376712 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pork production involves several sustainability issues. The recent increase in the natural wild boar population and the possibilities of its breeding to produce meat and for sport hunting have revived attention on this wild species. The most important factors that could account for its expansion and niche invasion are briefly summarized with the scientific opinion on management strategies. The information available to date on the quantitative, nutritional, and sensory characteristics of wild boar meat is reviewed to highlight its potential, if properly managed, as a sustainable option in meat production. This review reports on the opportunity of using wild boar meat in processed products and the need for research on processing qualities and acceptability for different final products. Above all, this review suggests that wild boar can be considered a sustainable alternative to meet the animal protein demand, as it can be established in marginal areas where it is already adapted to the environment, representing an interesting addition to traditional zootechnics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Lestingi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
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Zschachlitz T, Kümpfel R, Niemann H, Straff W. [The implications of the concepts One Health and Planetary Health for the environmental medicine of the 21st century]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03711-6. [PMID: 37266666 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, an accumulation of complex crises such as climate change, biodiversity loss, environmental pollution, wars, and pandemics is leading to economic, social, and health problems for people of current and future generations. These problems are essentially due to the disregard of natural regenerative capacities of ecosystems. Health approaches such as One Health and Planetary Health have gained popularity since the early 2000s and are increasingly used in politics, science, and the health professions. Environmental medicine is also influenced by the growing number of crises and environmental problems and the increasing interest in the concepts of One Health and Planetary Health.In this discussion paper, the development of the two concepts is first presented. Then, their significance for environmental medicine will be discussed. Health professionals working on environmental medicine issues must now consider both local and global causes and health effects when assessing environmental impacts, which can complicate decisions and lead to conflicting objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomke Zschachlitz
- Fachgebiet II 1.5 Umweltmedizin und gesundheitliche Bewertung, Umweltbundesamt, Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Deutschland.
| | - Romy Kümpfel
- Abteilung 2 für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, FG 24 Gesundheitsberichterstattung, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Hildegard Niemann
- Abteilung 2 für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, FG 24 Gesundheitsberichterstattung, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Straff
- Fachgebiet II 1.5 Umweltmedizin und gesundheitliche Bewertung, Umweltbundesamt, Corrensplatz 1, 14195, Berlin, Deutschland
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12
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Irrgang C, Eckmanns T, V Kleist M, Antão EM, Ladewig K, Wieler LH, Körber N. [Application areas of artificial intelligence in the context of One Health with a focus on antimicrobial resistance]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03707-2. [PMID: 37140603 PMCID: PMC10157576 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Societal health is facing a number of new challenges, largely driven by ongoing climate change, demographic ageing, and globalization. The One Health approach links human, animal, and environmental sectors with the goal of achieving a holistic understanding of health in general. To implement this approach, diverse and heterogeneous data streams and types must be combined and analyzed. To this end, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques offer new opportunities for cross-sectoral assessment of current and future health threats. Using the example of antimicrobial resistance as a global threat in the One Health context, we demonstrate potential applications and challenges of AI techniques.This article provides an overview of different applications of AI techniques in the context of One Health and highlights their challenges. Using the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), an increasing global threat, as an example, existing and future AI-based approaches to AMR containment and prevention are described. These range from novel drug development and personalized therapy, to targeted monitoring of antibiotic use in livestock and agriculture, to comprehensive environmental surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Irrgang
- Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz in der Public Health-Forschung, Robert Koch-Institut, Wildau, Deutschland.
| | - Tim Eckmanns
- FG 37: Nosokomiale Infektionen, Surveillance von Antibiotikaresistenz und -verbrauch, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Max V Kleist
- Fachbereich für Mathematik und Informatik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- P5: Systemmedizin von Infektionskrankheiten, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Esther-Maria Antão
- Fachgebiet Digital Global Public Health, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Potsdam, Deutschland
| | - Katharina Ladewig
- Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz in der Public Health-Forschung, Robert Koch-Institut, Wildau, Deutschland
| | - Lothar H Wieler
- Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Deutschland
- Fachgebiet Digital Global Public Health, Hasso-Plattner-Institut, Potsdam, Deutschland
| | - Nils Körber
- Zentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz in der Public Health-Forschung, Robert Koch-Institut, Wildau, Deutschland
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13
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Sundstrom SM, Angeler DG, Bell J, Hayes M, Hodbod J, Jalalzadeh-Fard B, Mahmood R, VanWormer E, Allen CR. Panarchy theory for convergence. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2023; 18:1-16. [PMID: 37363302 PMCID: PMC10013239 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-023-01299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Coping with surprise and uncertainty resulting from the emergence of undesired and unexpected novelty or the sudden reorganization of systems at multiple spatiotemporal scales requires both a scientific process that can incorporate diverse expertise and viewpoints, and a scientific framework that can account for the structure and dynamics of interacting social-ecological systems (SES) and the inherent uncertainty of what might emerge in the future. We argue that combining a convergence scientific process with a panarchy framework provides a pathway for improving our understanding of, and response to, emergence. Emergent phenomena are often unexpected (e.g., pandemics, regime shifts) and can be highly disruptive, so can pose a significant challenge to the development of sustainable and resilient SES. Convergence science is a new approach promoted by the U.S. National Science Foundation for tackling complex problems confronting humanity through the integration of multiple perspectives, expertise, methods, tools, and analytical approaches. Panarchy theory is a framework useful for studying emergence, because it characterizes complex systems of people and nature as dynamically organized and structured within and across scales of space and time. It accounts for the fundamental tenets of complex systems and explicitly grapples with emergence, including the emergence of novelty, and the emergent property of social-ecological resilience. We provide an overview of panarchy, convergence science, and emergence. We discuss the significant data and methodological challenges of using panarchy in a convergence approach to address emergent phenomena, as well as state-of-the-art methods for overcoming them. We present two examples that would benefit from such an approach: climate change and its impacts on social-ecological systems, and the relationships between infectious disease and social-ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M. Sundstrom
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - David G. Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7059, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
- The PRODEO Institute, San Francisco, CA USA
- IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC Australia
| | - Jesse Bell
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Michael Hayes
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Jennifer Hodbod
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT USA
| | - Babak Jalalzadeh-Fard
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Rezaul Mahmood
- High Plains Regional Climate Center, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Elizabeth VanWormer
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
| | - Craig R. Allen
- Center for Resilience in Agricultural Working Landscapes, School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA
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14
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de Castañeda RR, Villers J, Guzmán CAF, Eslanloo T, de Paula N, Machalaba C, Zinsstag J, Utzinger J, Flahault A, Bolon I. One Health and planetary health research: leveraging differences to grow together. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e109-e111. [PMID: 36754465 PMCID: PMC9901939 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ruiz de Castañeda
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Villers
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlos A Faerron Guzmán
- Planetary Health Alliance, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Turan Eslanloo
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole de Paula
- Women Leaders for Planetary Health, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Bolon
- Institute of Global Health, Department of Community Health and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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15
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Cataracts Across the Tree of Life: A Roadmap for Prevention and Biomedical Innovation. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 249:167-173. [PMID: 36716847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spontaneous cataracts have been identified in the lenses of animals across a phylogenetically wide range of species. This can be a source of insights and innovation for human health professionals, but many persons may lack awareness of it. By providing a phylogenetic survey and analysis of species with cataract vulnerability, this paper demonstrates how a broad comparative perspective can provide critical information about environmental hazards to human visual health and can spark potential innovations in the prevention and treatment of cataracts in humans. DESIGN Perspectives. METHODS Review and synthesis of selected literature with interpretation and perspective. RESULTS We found 273 recorded cases of spontaneously occurring cataracts in 113 species of birds, 83 species of mammals, 30 species of actinopterygii fish, 10 species of amphibians, 6 species of reptiles, and 1 species of cephalopod. CONCLUSION A phylogenetically wide range of species, including many living in and around human environments, are vulnerable to cataracts. These animals may serve as sentinels for human visual health. Variation in cataract vulnerability across species may also facilitate the identification of resistance-conferring physiologies, leading to accelerated innovation in the prevention and treatment of cataracts in humans.
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Togami E, Behravesh CB, Dutcher TV, Hansen GR, King LJ, Pelican KM, Mazet JAK. Characterizing the One Health workforce to promote interdisciplinary, multisectoral approaches in global health problem-solving. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285705. [PMID: 37192188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recognition of the interconnected nature of complex challenges such as COVID-19, a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach, referred to as One Health, has been employed to address sustainable development and strengthen global health security. Although significant investments have been made to build global health capacity, characterization of the One Health is absent from the literature. METHODS AND FINDINGS We collected and analyzed perspectives from students, graduates, workers, and employers in One Health through a multinational online survey across health disciplines and sectors. Respondents were recruited through professional networks. A total of 828 respondents from 66 countries participated, representing governmental and academic institutions and students, among others; 57% were female, and 56% had completed professional health degrees. Interpersonal communication, communication with non-scientific audiences, and the ability to work in transdisciplinary teams were valued in the workplace and were considered essential competencies to build an interdisciplinary health workforce. Employers indicated difficulty recruiting workers, while workers indicated limited availability of positions. Employers identified limited funding and ill-defined career pathways as prominent challenges for retaining One Health workers. CONCLUSIONS Successful One Health workers use interpersonal skills and scientific knowledge to address complex health challenges. Aligning the definition of One Health will likely improve the matching of job seekers and employers. Encouraging the employment of the One Health approach for a diverse range of positions, even if they do not explicitly include "One Health" in the job title, and clarifying the expectations, roles and responsibilities within a transdisciplinary team will lead to building a stronger workforce. As One Health has evolved to address food insecurity, emerging diseases, and antimicrobial resistance, it holds promise for supporting an interdisciplinary global health workforce that can make substantial progress on Sustainable Development Goals and improve global health security for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Togami
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Casey Barton Behravesh
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tracey V Dutcher
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Riverdale, MD, United States of America
| | - Gail R Hansen
- Hansen Consulting LLC, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Lonnie J King
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Katharine M Pelican
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, United States of America
| | - Jonna A K Mazet
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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17
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Webb J, Raez-Villanueva S, Carrière PD, Beauchamp AA, Bell I, Day A, Elton S, Feagan M, Giacinti J, Kabemba Lukusa JP, Kingsbury C, Torres-Slimming PA, Bunch M, Clow K, Gislason MK, Parkes MW, Jane Parmley E, Poland B, Vaillancourt C. Transformative learning for a sustainable and healthy future through ecosystem approaches to health: insights from 15 years of co-designed ecohealth teaching and learning experiences. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e86-e96. [PMID: 36608955 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents insights from the work of the Canadian Community of Practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Health (CoPEH-Canada) and 15 years (2008-2022) of land-based, transdisciplinary, learner-centred, transformative learning and training. We have oriented our learning approaches to Head, Hands, and Heart, which symbolise cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning, respectively. Psychomotor and affective learning are necessary to grapple with and enact far-reaching structural changes (eg, decolonisation) needed to rekindle healthier, reciprocal relationships with nature and each other. We acknowledge that these approaches have been long understood by Indigenous colleagues and communities. We have developed a suite of teaching techniques and resources through an iterative and evolving pedagogy based on participatory approaches and operating reciprocal, research-pedagogical cycles; integrated different approaches and ways of knowing into our pedagogy; and built a networked Community of Practice for continued learning. Planetary health has become a dominant framing for health-ecosystem interactions. This Viewpoint underscores the depth of existing scholarship, collaboration, and pedagogical expertise in ecohealth teaching and learning that can inform planetary health education approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jena Webb
- Canadian Community of Practice in Ecosystem Approaches to Health, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Paul D Carrière
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QB, Canada
| | - Audrey-Anne Beauchamp
- Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isaac Bell
- Institute of the Environment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Day
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Elton
- Department of Sociology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Feagan
- Department of Knowledge Integration, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jolene Giacinti
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Celia Kingsbury
- Département de Médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QB, Canada
| | - Paola A Torres-Slimming
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru; Red Internacional América Latina, África, Europa, El Caríbe, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Limoges, France
| | - Martin Bunch
- Faculty of Environmental & Urban Change, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katie Clow
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Maya K Gislason
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Margot W Parkes
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - E Jane Parmley
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Blake Poland
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, France
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18
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Arnouts S, Brown S, de Arriba ML, Donabedian M, Charlier J. Technology Readiness Levels for vaccine and drug development in animal health: From discovery to life cycle management. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1016959. [PMID: 36619962 PMCID: PMC9811140 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1016959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Public research and innovation initiatives in animal health aim to deliver key knowledge, services and products that improve the control of animal infectious diseases and animal welfare to deliver on global challenges including public health threats, environmental concerns and food security. The Technology Readiness Level (TRL) is a popular innovation policy instrument to monitor the maturity of upcoming new technologies in publicly funded research projects. However, while general definition of the 9 levels on the TRL-scale enable uniform discussions of technical maturity across different types of technology, these definitions are very generic which hampers concrete interpretation and application. Here, we aligned innovation pipeline stages as used in the animal health industry for the development of new vaccines or drugs with the TRL scale, resulting in TRL for animal health (TRLAH). This more bespoke scale can help to rationally allocate funding for animal health research from basic to applied research, map innovation processes, monitor progress and develop realistic progress expectations across the time span of a research and innovation project. The TRLAH thus become an interesting instrument to enhance the translation of public research results into industrial and societal innovation and foster public-private partnerships in animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Arnouts
- Provaxs, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium,*Correspondence: Sven Arnouts ✉
| | - Scott Brown
- SABAH Consulting, Galesburg, MI, United States
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19
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Pappas G, Vokou D, Sainis I, Halley JM. SARS-CoV-2 as a Zooanthroponotic Infection: Spillbacks, Secondary Spillovers, and Their Importance. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2166. [PMID: 36363758 PMCID: PMC9696655 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the midst of a persistent pandemic of a probable zoonotic origin, one needs to constantly evaluate the interplay of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2) with animal populations. Animals can get infected from humans, and certain species, including mink and white-tailed deer, exhibit considerable animal-to-animal transmission resulting in potential endemicity, mutation pressure, and possible secondary spillover to humans. We attempt a comprehensive review of the available data on animal species infected by SARS-CoV-2, as presented in the scientific literature and official reports of relevant organizations. We further evaluate the lessons humans should learn from mink outbreaks, white-tailed deer endemicity, zoo outbreaks, the threat for certain species conservation, the possible implication of rodents in the evolution of novel variants such as Omicron, and the potential role of pets as animal reservoirs of the virus. Finally, we outline the need for a broader approach to the pandemic and epidemics, in general, incorporating the principles of One Health and Planetary Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pappas
- Institute of Continuing Medical Education of Ioannina, 45333 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Despoina Vokou
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Sainis
- Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - John M. Halley
- Laboratory of Ecology, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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20
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Armstrong M, Aksu Bahçeci H, van Donk E, Dubey A, Frenken T, Gebreyohanes Belay BM, Gsell AS, Heuts TS, Kramer L, Lürling M, Ouboter M, Seelen LMS, Teurlincx S, Vasantha Raman N, Zhan Q, de Senerpont Domis LN. Making waves: Lessons learned from the COVID-19 anthropause in the Netherlands on urban aquatic ecosystem services provisioning and management. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118934. [PMID: 36058095 PMCID: PMC9348808 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anomalous past two years of the COVID-19 pandemic have been a test of human response to global crisis management as typical human activities were significantly altered. The COVID-instigated anthropause has illustrated the influence that humans and the biosphere have on each other, especially given the variety of national mobility interventions that have been implemented globally. These local COVID-19-era restrictions influenced human-ecosystem interactions through changes in accessibility of water systems and changes in ecosystem service demand. Four urban aquatic case studies in the Netherlands demonstrated shifts in human demand during the anthropause. For instance, reduced boat traffic in Amsterdam canals led to improved water clarity. In comparison, ongoing service exploitation from increased recreational fishing, use of bathing waters and national parks visitation are heightening concerns about potential ecosystem degradation. We distilled management lessons from both the case studies as well as from recent literature pertaining to ecological intactness and social relevance. Equally important to the lessons themselves, however, is the pace at which informed management practices are established after the pandemic ends, particularly as many communities currently recognize the importance of aquatic ecosystems and are amenable to their protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Armstrong
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hazal Aksu Bahçeci
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen van Donk
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Ecology and Biodiversity research group, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Asmita Dubey
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs Frenken
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Berte M Gebreyohanes Belay
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Tom S Heuts
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology & Environmental Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lilith Kramer
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality, Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Miquel Lürling
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Ouboter
- Waternet, Regional Water Authority Amstel, Gooi and Vecht, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura M S Seelen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Programming and Monitoring, Regional Water Authority Brabantse Delta, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Teurlincx
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Nandini Vasantha Raman
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Qing Zhan
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette N de Senerpont Domis
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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21
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Dumre SP, LaBeaud AD, Ehrlich H, Vazquez Guillamet LJ, Ondigo BN, Sadarangani SP, Wamae CN, Whitfield K. Why Climate Action Is Global Health Action. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:tpmd220189. [PMID: 35895350 PMCID: PMC9490666 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of climate change on global health and populations are far-reaching, yet they disproportionately affect vulnerable groups, thereby exacerbating disparities. As humanity reckons with the emergency of climate change, our global health community needs to contend with our own contributions to greenhouse gas emissions. We know that transformation is possible and that climate action is the antidote to the existential challenge. As a global health community, we have an immense opportunity, responsibility, and commitment to lead, support, inspire, and empower climate action, research, and innovation that align deeply with our mission and core values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Desiree LaBeaud
- Stanford University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Stanford, CA
| | | | | | | | - Sapna P. Sadarangani
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Kate Whitfield
- ISGlobal Barcelona Institute for Global Health and Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Edmondson D, Conroy D, Romero-Canyas R, Tanenbaum M, Czajkowski S. Climate change, behavior change and health: a multidisciplinary, translational and multilevel perspective. Transl Behav Med 2022; 12:503-515. [PMID: 35613001 PMCID: PMC9274996 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The climate crisis provides a critical new lens through which health and health behaviors need to be viewed. This paper has three goals. First, it provides background on the climate crisis, the role of human behavior in creating this crisis, and the health impacts of climate change. Second, it proposes a multilevel, translational approach to investigating health behavior change in the context of the climate crisis. Third, it identifies specific challenges and opportunities for increasing the rigor of behavioral medicine research in the context of the climate crisis. The paper closes with a call for behavioral medicine to be responsive to the climate crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Conroy
- The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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23
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Sora VM, Panseri S, Nobile M, Di Cesare F, Meroni G, Chiesa LM, Zecconi A. Milk Quality and Safety in a One Health Perspective: Results of a Prevalence Study on Dairy Herds in Lombardy (Italy). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:786. [PMID: 35743817 PMCID: PMC9225654 DOI: 10.3390/life12060786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the major diseases of dairy cows that affects milk quality and quantity and increases the potential risk for the presence of antimicrobial residues (AR) in milk, which could lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among human pathogens. Even if the presence of AR in milk and milk products is low in many countries, the threat is not negligible and cannot be ignored. These problems may be investigated by applying a One Health approach, and this prevalence study aimed to estimate the risks for human health related to milk production applied to dairy herds in Lombardy. Three hundred thirty-one bulk tank milk samples were randomly collected and analyzed by CombiFoss 7 and MilkoScan 7 (milk quality, bacteria, and somatic cell count), an HPLC system coupled to a Q-Exactive Orbitrap (AR), and qPCR (contagious pathogens). The data were analyzed by a generalized linear model. The results showed a relatively high prevalence of contagious pathogens (S. aureus 28.1%; Str. agalactiae 7.3%; M. bovis 3%), which primarily affect milk nutritional components decreasing mainly milk fat content (range 1%-2.5%), but did not show them to be associated to an increase of the risk of antimicrobial residues. These latter ones were recovered only in 7/331 samples at concentrations far below official MLRs. The results support currently active surveillance programs' efficacy in reducing AR risks, which may be further improved by prioritizing them based on geographical area characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio M. Sora
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, One Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.M.S.); (G.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Celoria 22, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.P.); (M.N.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Maria Nobile
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.P.); (M.N.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.P.); (M.N.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Gabriele Meroni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, One Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.M.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Luca M. Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.P.); (M.N.); (F.D.C.); (L.M.C.)
| | - Alfonso Zecconi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, One Health Unit, School of Medicine, University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (V.M.S.); (G.M.)
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24
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Wissing MP. Beyond the "Third Wave of Positive Psychology": Challenges and Opportunities for Future Research. Front Psychol 2022; 12:795067. [PMID: 35095679 PMCID: PMC8795509 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.795067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The positive psychology (PP) landscape is changing, and its initial identity is being challenged. Moving beyond the “third wave of PP,” two roads for future research and practice in well-being studies are discerned: The first is the state of the art PP trajectory that will (for the near future) continue as a scientific (sub)discipline in/next to psychology (because of its popular brand name). The second trajectory (main focus of this manuscript) links to pointers described as part of the so-called third wave of PP, which will be argued as actually being the beginning of a new domain of inter- or transdisciplinary well-being studies in its own right. It has a broader scope than the state of the art in PP, but is more delineated than in planetary well-being studies. It is in particular suitable to understand the complex nature of bio-psycho-social-ecological well-being, and to promote health and wellness in times of enormous challenges and changes. A unique cohering focus for this post-disciplinary well-being research domain is proposed. In both trajectories, future research will have to increase cognizance of metatheoretical assumptions, develop more encompassing theories to bridge the conceptual fragmentation in the field, and implement methodological reforms, while keeping context and the interwovenness of the various levels of the scientific text in mind. Opportunities are indicated to contribute to the discourse on the identity and development of scientific knowledge in mainstream positive psychology and the evolving post-disciplinary domain of well-being studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marié P Wissing
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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25
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Lupton D. From human-centric digital health to digital One Health: Crucial new directions for mutual flourishing. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221129103. [PMID: 36171960 PMCID: PMC9511284 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221129103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief communication puts forward an argument for expanding the concept of ‘digital health’ to that of ‘digital One Health’ by going beyond a human-centric approach to incorporating nonhuman agents, including other living things, places and space. One Health approaches recognise the interconnected and ecological dimensions of human health and wellbeing, but rarely focus on the role of digital technologies. A set of key questions can take the idea of digital One Health forward: (i) How can we learn more about and establish deeper connections with other animals and the natural environment through digital media, devices and data?; (ii) How can we attune humans to these more-than-human worlds using digital technologies, cultivating attentiveness and responsiveness?; (iii) How can we better develop and implement digital technologies that support the health and wellbeing of the planet and all its living creatures (including humans) so that all can flourish?; and (iv) How can digital technologies affect ecological systems, for better or for worse? Developing digital One Health expands both the digital health field and the One Health perspective, leading them into crucial new directions for mutual flourishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Lupton
- Vitalities Lab, ARC Centre for Automated Decision-Making and Society, Centre for Social Research in Health and Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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26
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Stockin KA, Pantos O, Betty EL, Pawley MDM, Doake F, Masterton H, Palmer EI, Perrott MR, Nelms SE, Machovsky-Capuska GE. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis identifies microplastics in stranded common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from New Zealand waters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113084. [PMID: 34775153 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we provide a first assessment of microplastics (MPs) in stomach contents of 15 common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) from both single and mass stranding events along the New Zealand coast between 2019 and 2020. MPs were observed in all examined individuals, with an average of 7.8 pieces per stomach. Most MPs were fragments (77%, n = 90) as opposed to fibres (23%, n = 27), with translucent/clear (46%) the most prevalent colour. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed polyethylene terephthalate (65%) as the most predominant polymer in fibres, whereas polypropylene (31%) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (20%) were more frequently recorded as fragments. Mean fragment and fibre size was 584 μm and 1567 μm, respectively. No correlation between total number of MPs and biological parameters (total body length, age, sexual maturity, axillary girth, or blubber thickness) was observed, with similar levels of MPs observed between each of the mass stranding events. Considering MPs are being increasingly linked to a wide range of deleterious effects across taxa, these findings in a typically pelagic marine sentinel species warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Stockin
- Cetacean Ecology Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand.
| | - Olga Pantos
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, 27 Creyke Rd, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Emma L Betty
- Cetacean Ecology Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Matthew D M Pawley
- Cetacean Ecology Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Fraser Doake
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, 27 Creyke Rd, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Hayden Masterton
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, 27 Creyke Rd, Ilam, Christchurch 8041, New Zealand
| | - Emily I Palmer
- Cetacean Ecology Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
| | - Matthew R Perrott
- School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sarah E Nelms
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel E Machovsky-Capuska
- Cetacean Ecology Research Group, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
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27
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Barragan‐Jason G, de Mazancourt C, Parmesan C, Singer MC, Loreau M. Human–nature connectedness as a pathway to sustainability: A global meta‐analysis. Conserv Lett 2021; 15:e12852. [PMID: 35865265 PMCID: PMC9286792 DOI: 10.1111/conl.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Internationally agreed sustainability goals are being missed. Here, we conduct global meta‐analyses to assess how the extent to which humans see themselves as part of nature—known as human–nature connectedness (HNC)—can be used as a leverage point to reach sustainability. A meta‐analysis of 147 correlational studies shows that individuals with high HNC had more pronature behaviours and were significantly healthier than those with low HNC. A meta‐analysis of 59 experimental studies shows significant increases in HNC after manipulations involving contact with nature and mindfulness practices. Surprisingly, this same meta‐analysis finds no significant effect of environmental education on HNC. Thus, HNC is positively linked to mind‐sets that value sustainability and behaviours that enhance it. Further, we argue that HNC can be enhanced by targeted practices, and we identify those most likely to succeed. Our results suggest that enhancing HNC, via promotion of targeted practices, can improve sustainability and should be integrated into conservation policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camille Parmesan
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station CNRS Moulis France
- Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
- Department of Geological Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas
| | - Michael C. Singer
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station CNRS Moulis France
- Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
- Department of Geological Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas
| | - Michel Loreau
- Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station CNRS Moulis France
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28
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Pettan-Brewer C, Martins AF, de Abreu DPB, Brandão APD, Barbosa DS, Figueroa DP, Cediel N, Kahn LH, Brandespim DF, Velásquez JCC, Carvalho AAB, Takayanagui AMM, Galhardo JA, Maia-Filho LFA, Pimpão CT, Vicente CR, Biondo AW. From the Approach to the Concept: One Health in Latin America-Experiences and Perspectives in Brazil, Chile, and Colombia. Front Public Health 2021; 9:687110. [PMID: 34631640 PMCID: PMC8496448 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.687110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Professionals throughout the world have been working to assess the interdisciplinary interaction and interdependence between health and wellbeing in a constantly changing environment. The One Health concept was developed to encourage sustainable collaborative partnerships and to promote optimal health for people, animals, plants, the environment, and the whole planet. The dissemination of scientific discoveries and policies, by working directly with diverse communities, has been one of the main goals for Global One Health. The One Health concept has also been referred or related to as "One Medicine, One Medicine-One Health, One World-One Health, EcoHealth," and Planetary Health," depending on each fundamental view and approach. In Latin America, despite the concept still being discussed among health professionals and educators, several One Health initiatives have been used daily for more than decades. One Health action has been applied especially in rural and underserved urban areas where low socioeconomic status, lack of health professionals, and scarcity of medical resources may require professionals to work together. Local communities from diverse social and economic statuses, including indigenous populations have been working with institutions and social organizations for many years, accomplishing results through grassroots movements. These "bottom-up" socio-community approaches have also been tools for the prevention and control of diseases, such practice has preceded the One Health concepts in Latin American countries. It is strongly believed that collaborative, multidisciplinary, political, and economic initiatives with prosocial focus may become investments toward obtaining significant results in the face of global, economic and health challenges; working for a healthier world with inclusivity, equity, and equality. In this study, it is briefly presented how the One Health approach has been initiated and developed in Latin America, highlighting the events and actions taken in Brazil, Chile, and Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pettan-Brewer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- One Health Brasil, Brazil, Brazil
| | - Andreza Francisco Martins
- Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Medical Sciences Department, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daniel Paiva Barros de Abreu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Ana Pérola Drulla Brandão
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil Ministry of Health, Brasilia, and Portal Saúde Única, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Soeiro Barbosa
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniela P. Figueroa
- Ecophysiological Modeling laboratory, Liberal Arts Faculty, Adolfo Ibáñez University and Applied Research Center of Chile (CIACHI) of Science and Education Foundation, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Cediel
- School of Agricultural Sciences, De La Salle University, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Laura H. Kahn
- Princeton School of Public Health and International Affairs, Princeton University, New Jersey and One Health Initiative Pro-Bono, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | | | | | - Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Magosso Takayanagui
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health, School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliana Arena Galhardo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso Do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Turra Pimpão
- School of Life Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Creuza Rachel Vicente
- Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, Brazil
| | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
- Purdue University, East Lafayette, IN, United States
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29
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Abstract
COVID-19 has shown us clearly that the world must commit to a transformative approach that promotes health and wellbeing. Living in the Anthropocene - an epoch defined by human impact on our ecosystems - moves us into unknown territory. The challenge is to find a way of living that aims to meet the needs of all people within the means of the living planet. We will require foresight, agility and resilience to be well prepared. The global risks we face are enormous and they are interconnected - yet the opportunity to accelerate change for the better is extraordinary as well. We have models, knowledge and technologies at our disposal that could significantly improve health and wellbeing and create fairer and more sustainable societies - yet they have not been used widely to serve the public purpose and to address inequities.
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30
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Mhuireach GÁ, Wilson H, Johnson BR. Urban Aerobiomes are Influenced by Season, Vegetation, and Individual Site Characteristics. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:331-344. [PMID: 33170406 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to biodiverse environments such as forests can benefit human well-being, and evidence suggests exposure to high microbial diversity may improve mental and immune health. However, the factors that drive microbial community assembly are poorly understood, as is the relationship between exposure to these communities and human health. We characterized airborne bacterial communities in two disparate types of urban greenspace (forest and grass) in late-spring 2017 at sites previously sampled in late-summer 2015 in Eugene-Springfield, Oregon, using high-throughput metabarcode sequencing. While all sites shared a core aerobiome in late-spring consisting of plant- and soil-associated genera, forests had significantly higher diversity than grass sites (F = 12, P = 0.004). Vegetation type explained 14% of the difference between forest and grass aerobiomes, yet individual site location explained 41% of the variation. These results were similar to but amplified over those from late summer, suggesting that both aerobiome diversity and vegetation-driven effects are higher when deciduous foliage is fresher and more active, temperatures cooler, and humidity higher. Continued exploration and hypothesis-driven research will enable development of mechanistic theory describing key drivers of urban aerobiome assembly and its relationship to human health, which, in turn, will help urban designers and planners create evidence-based salutogenic cities for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwynne Á Mhuireach
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Oregon, 5250 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
- Biology and the Built Environment (BioBE) Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
- Institute for Health in the Built Environment, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Hannah Wilson
- Biology and the Built Environment (BioBE) Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bart R Johnson
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Oregon, 5250 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
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31
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Lederman Z, Magalhães-Sant’Ana M, Voo TC. Stamping Out Animal Culling: From Anthropocentrism to One Health Ethics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL & ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS 2021; 34:27. [PMID: 34483696 PMCID: PMC8403469 DOI: 10.1007/s10806-021-09868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Culling is used in traditional public health policies to control animal populations. These policies aim primarily to protect human interests but often fail to provide scientific evidence of effectiveness. In this article, we defend the need to move from a strictly anthropocentric approach to disease control towards a One Health ethics, using culling practices as an example. We focus on the recent badger culls in the UK, claiming that, based on data provided by the English Government, these culls may be unjustified, all thing considered. We highlight the relevance of ethical reasoning rooted in One Health for this discussion, and make several suggestions including a moratorium on culling until data are provided to support the effectiveness of culling; to conduct a randomized trial to compare proactive culling with alternative methods; to apply deliberative democratic methods to assess public opinion towards the culls, and to find in Brexit an opportunity for aiming for more effective control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Magalhães-Sant’Ana
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teck Chuan Voo
- Centre for Biomedical Ethics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD11, Clinical Research Centre, #02-03, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
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32
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Rhoden K, Alonso J, Carmona M, Pham M, Barnes AN. Twenty years of waterborne and related disease reports in Florida, USA. One Health 2021; 13:100294. [PMID: 34368415 PMCID: PMC8326185 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Florida represents a unique challenge for preventing and responding to infectious disease associated with water. This study cataloged the prevalence of reportable waterborne and water-related disease within Florida residents over the last twenty years and identified relationships between confirmed cases by location and additional risk factors. Data was collected through FLHealthCHARTS for confirmed cases between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2019. Case records were compiled and analyzed by year, county, pathogen name and disease category, patient age, and where the infection was acquired. During this time, 218,707 cases of water-related disease were recorded with 214,745 due to waterborne disease, 3255 cases of water-related vector-borne disease, and 707 cases caused by a water-based toxin. Children aged 0–4 and the elderly demonstrated a higher proportion of waterborne disease while 45–49 year olds had increased rates of water-based toxins and water-related vector-borne disease. Most cases were reported in the southeast region. Across the state, opportunities for water contact have led to high rates of water-related infectious disease. Public health initiatives and response efforts should target the pathogens of greatest impact for each region, largely zoonotic waterborne diseases, using a One Health approach. Over 200,000 cases of water-related disease have been reported to the Florida Department of Health over the last 20 years Most reported disease is due to waterborne pathogens followed by water-related vector-borne disease and water-based toxins Salmonellosis makes up the largest reported water-related disease burden for Florida Children and seniors have higher risk for waterborne disease; adults have higher risk for toxins and vector-borne disease Water disease prevention and response must use a One Health model for collaboration with human and animal health providers
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Rhoden
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jose Alonso
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Meg Carmona
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Pham
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Amber N Barnes
- Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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33
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Family doctors to connect
global concerns
due to climate change with
local actions
: State‐of‐the art and some proposals. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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34
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Relational health: Theorizing plants as health-supporting actors. Soc Sci Med 2021; 281:114083. [PMID: 34130074 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
'Plant blindness' stops people from recognizing the important role that plants play in society, and is acute when it comes to seeing how plants support health. The social sciences are beginning to explore how plants are imbricated in sociopolitical processes, including ones that produce health. This paper theorizes people-plant relations and the agency of plants in the production of health, drawing on data from a multispecies ethnography conducted in Toronto's largest social housing community during the 2018 growing season. The paper applies a posthumanist lens to find that food-producing plants in the area exert their agency and are health-supporting actors when collaborating with residents to advocate for community gardens and influence neighbourhood design. By arguing that plants are actual agents of change in sociopolitical processes, the article deepens an understanding of the health-supporting role of plants and provides empirical evidence for a view of health as a process, as opposed to a status, that is produced through relationships. The paper suggests that the term 'relational health' be used to describe a conception of health that recognizes that health is produced through interconnections and interdependencies, including between people and plants. The article contributes to discourses exploring the human health relationship to nature, including One Health.
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35
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Iossa G, White PCL. Improving the dialogue between public health and ecosystem science on antimicrobial resistance. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Iossa
- School of Life Sciences, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Univ. of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | - Piran C. L. White
- Dept of Environment and Geography and Interdisciplinary Global Development Centre, Univ. of York York UK
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36
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Abu Hatab A, Krautscheid L, Boqvist S. COVID-19, Livestock Systems and Food Security in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review of an Emerging Literature. Pathogens 2021; 10:586. [PMID: 34064749 PMCID: PMC8151861 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we carried out a systematic literature review to document the emerging scientific knowledge about COVID-19 impact on livestock systems and food security in developing countries to identify gaps and possible avenues for future research undertakings. Specifically, we systematically reviewed 68 peer-reviewed articles extracted based on rigorous selection criteria from Scopus, PubMed and ISI Web of Science databases and published between December 2019 and February 2021. Our results reveal that livestock supply chains presented an important 'intermediary' pathway through which the pandemic affected various dimensions of food security in developing countries. Although the research response has been rapid in terms of both quantity and temporal succession, we find a highly suggestive disjunction in studies analyzing the interconnections between COVID-19 pandemic, livestock systems and food security in developing countries. With respect to the livestock supply chain, the bulk of the reviewed evidence focuses on production and consumption, whereas considerably less focus is given to the pandemic's impact on intermediaries within livestock chains, including traders, intermediaries and processors. The analysis of livestock supply chain resilience revolves predominantly around the 'absorbance' and 'recovery' phases of resilience, whereas only a small subset of the literature investigates actions taken by supply chain actors to 'plan' or to 'adapt' livestock systems in order to reduce their vulnerability and enhance their overall resilience. Furthermore, food security has often been narrowly defined, with the majority of articles focusing on 'availability' and 'accessibility' to food due to the pandemic, and other dimensions of food security, including utilization, stability and sustainability, have been widely neglected. Based on our findings, we recommend future research to examine the dynamics of propagation of COVID-19 impact through livestock supply chains in order to develop more targeted interventions that enhance the capacity of developing countries to cope with this and future disruptions and mitigate their food insecurity outcomes. To this end, more holistic, integrated and resilience-based approaches are much recommended to recognize the complex nature of livestock systems in developing countries and to address the multifaceted and widespread effects of COVID-19 on food security channeled through livestock chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem Abu Hatab
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Economics & Rural Development, Arish University, 455 11 Arish, Egypt
| | - Lena Krautscheid
- Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Sofia Boqvist
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Comizzoli P, Pagenkopp Lohan KM, Muletz-Wolz C, Hassell J, Coyle B. The Interconnected Health Initiative: A Smithsonian Framework to Extend One Health Research and Education. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:629410. [PMID: 33834047 PMCID: PMC8021902 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.629410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To better tackle diseases and sustain healthy ecosystems, One Health programs must efficiently bridge health in humans, domestic/livestock species, wild animals and plants, agriculture/aquaculture, and the environment. The Smithsonian Institution proposes to address this by considering ‘health' in a broad sense – the absence of undue pathogens and unnecessary stress for any organisms as well as access to good living conditions in functional environments. Considering the interconnectedness of all life forms, the Smithsonian plans to create a framework that will integrate cultural, social, and educational components into health research on humans, animals, plants, or ecosystems. The objectives of this perspective article are to (1) propose an innovative framework to support an interconnected/integrated approach to health and (2) provide examples fostering impactful collaborations on One Health research and education. Based on the core strengths of the Smithsonian (multidisciplinary research, outreach and education programs, libraries/archives, and collections) and central institutional support, this framework has the potential to extend existing health-related projects, address new needs and situations (e.g., response to pandemics), provide invaluable resources to inform policy and decision makers, and educate all audiences globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, United States.,Office of the Under-Secretary for Science and Research, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Carly Muletz-Wolz
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, United States
| | - James Hassell
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brian Coyle
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, United States.,Office of the Under-Secretary for Science and Research, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States
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Lauriola P, Martín-Olmedo P, Leonardi GS, Bouland C, Verheij R, Dückers MLA, van Tongeren M, Laghi F, van den Hazel P, Gokdemir O, Segredo E, Etzel RA, Abelsohn A, Bianchi F, Romizi R, Miserotti G, Romizi F, Bortolotti P, Vinci E, Giustetto G, Santamaria M, Serafini A, Pegoraro S, Agius R, Zeka A. On the importance of primary and community healthcare in relation to global health and environmental threats: lessons from the COVID-19 crisis. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2020-004111. [PMID: 33692145 PMCID: PMC7948151 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become clear that primary healthcare systems play a critical role in clinical care, such as patient screening, triage, physical and psychological support and also in promoting good community advice and awareness in coordination with secondary healthcare and preventive care. Because of the role of social and environmental factors in COVID-19 transmission and burden of disease, it is essential to ensure that there is adequate coordination of population-based health services and public health interventions. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the primary and community healthcare (P&CHC) system’s weaknesses worldwide. In many instances, P&CHC played only a minor role, the emphasis being on hospital and intensive care beds. This was compounded by political failures, in supporting local community resilience. Placing community building, social cohesion and resilience at the forefront of dealing with the COVID-19 crisis can help align solutions that provide a vision of ‘planetary health’. This can be achieved by involving local well-being and participation in the face of any pervasive health and environmental crisis, including other epidemics and large-scale ecological crises. This paper proposes that P&CHC should take on two critical roles: first, to support local problem-solving efforts and to serve as a partner in innovative approaches to safeguarding community well-being; and second, to understand the local environment and health risks in the context of the global health perspective. We see this as an opportunity of immediate value and broad consequence beyond the control of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lauriola
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE-Italy), Modena, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni S Leonardi
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Verheij
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel L A Dückers
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martie van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ferdinando Laghi
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE-Int'l), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Peter van den Hazel
- International Network on Children's Health, Environment and Safety (INCHES), Ellecom, The Netherlands
| | - Ozden Gokdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Izmir University of Economics, Balçova/Izmir, Turkey
| | - Evelyn Segredo
- Uruguayan Society of Family and Community Medicine, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ruth A Etzel
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alan Abelsohn
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Istituto Fisiologia Clinica, Consiglio Nazionale della Ricerca (CNR-IFC), Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Romizi
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE-Italy), Arezzo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Miserotti
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE-Italy), Piacenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Romizi
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE-Italy), Arezzo, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Vinci
- Health and Environment Working Group, National Medical Orders Federation, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Raymond Agius
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ariana Zeka
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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Kreitlow A, Steffens S, Jablonka A, Kuhlmann E. Support for global health and pandemic preparedness in medical education in Germany: Students as change agents. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 36:112-123. [PMID: 33704858 PMCID: PMC8207038 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID‐19 pandemic has reinforced Germany's role as global health player, but the education system is lagging behind and does not adequately prepare health professionals for the new challenges. This study aims to strengthen global health in undergraduate medical education in Germany. Major objectives include: to review the current situation, explore changing demand for global health and introduce innovative teaching models and the drivers for change. Mixed methods and an explorative approach were applied, comprising a scoping review, online surveys carried out at Hanover Medical School, March/April 2020. Target groups were undergraduate medical students (n = 384) and additionally lecturers (n = 172), and finally new multiprofessional teaching courses initiated by students and developed collaboratively. The results reveal only slow pace of change on the level of the education system, while demand for global health education has increased markedly in all actor groups, but strongest in the group of students in the preclinical phase. Implementation of global health programmes illustrates how students can become change agents and enhance institutional innovation bottom‐up. However, in order to achieve wider transformative potential, these efforts must be flanked by macro‐level policy changes and integrated in future pandemic preparedness strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kreitlow
- Globalisation and Health Initiative, bvmd - German Medical Students' Association, Berlin, Germany.,Dean's Office, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Alexandra Jablonka
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ellen Kuhlmann
- Dean's Office, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Epidemiology, Social Medicine and Health Systems Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Bedi JS, Vijay D, Dhaka P, Singh Gill JP, Barbuddhe SB. Emergency preparedness for public health threats, surveillance, modelling & forecasting. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:287-298. [PMID: 33906991 PMCID: PMC8204835 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_653_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the interconnected world, safeguarding global health security is vital for maintaining public health and economic upliftment of any nation. Emergency preparedness is considered as the key to control the emerging public health challenges at both national as well as international levels. Further, the predictive information systems based on routine surveillance, disease modelling and forecasting play a pivotal role in both policy building and community participation to detect, prevent and respond to potential health threats. Therefore, reliable and timely forecasts of these untoward events could mobilize swift and effective public health responses and mitigation efforts. The present review focuses on the various aspects of emergency preparedness with special emphasis on public health surveillance, epidemiological modelling and capacity building approaches. Global coordination and capacity building, funding and commitment at the national and international levels, under the One Health framework, are crucial in combating global public health threats in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Dhaka
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe
- Department of Meat Safety, ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Halonen JI, Erhola M, Furman E, Haahtela T, Jousilahti P, Barouki R, Bergman Å, Billo NE, Fuller R, Haines A, Kogevinas M, Kolossa-Gehring M, Krauze K, Lanki T, Vicente JL, Messerli P, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Paloniemi R, Peters A, Posch KH, Timonen P, Vermeulen R, Virtanen SM, Bousquet J, Antó JM. A call for urgent action to safeguard our planet and our health in line with the helsinki declaration. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110600. [PMID: 33307082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission launched a report introducing a novel approach called Planetary Health and proposed a concept, a strategy and a course of action. To discuss the concept of Planetary Health in the context of Europe, a conference entitled: "Europe That Protects: Safeguarding Our Planet, Safeguarding Our Health" was held in Helsinki in December 2019. The conference participants concluded with a need for action to support Planetary Health during the 2020s. The Helsinki Declaration emphasizes the urgency to act as scientific evidence shows that human activities are causing climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, overuse of natural resources and pollution. They threaten the health and safety of human kind. Global, regional, national, local and individual initiatives are called for and multidisciplinary and multisectorial actions and measures are needed. A framework for an action plan is suggested that can be modified for local needs. Accordingly, a shift from fragmented approaches to policy and practice towards systematic actions will promote human health and health of the planet. Systems thinking will feed into conserving nature and biodiversity, and into halting climate change. The Planetary Health paradigm ‒ the health of human civilization and the state of natural systems on which it depends ‒ must become the driver for all policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana I Halonen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Eeva Furman
- Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Robert Barouki
- Université de Paris, Inserm UMR S-1124, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Åke Bergman
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Science and Technology, MTM, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Nils E Billo
- Global Alliance Against Chronic Respiratory Disease Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Andrew Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society and Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Manolis Kogevinas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kinga Krauze
- European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Łódź, Poland
| | - Timo Lanki
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Peter Messerli
- Centre for Development and Environment (CDE), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Wyss Academy for Nature, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University; Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital; and The Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Josep M Antó
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
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Amuasi JH, Winkler AS. One Health or Planetary Health for pandemic prevention? - Authors' reply. Lancet 2020; 396:1882-1883. [PMID: 33308466 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John H Amuasi
- Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Kumasi Collaborative Center for Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi PMB UPO, Ghana; Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Global Health, Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Landrigan PJ, Stegeman JJ, Fleming LE, Allemand D, Anderson DM, Backer LC, Brucker-Davis F, Chevalier N, Corra L, Czerucka D, Bottein MYD, Demeneix B, Depledge M, Deheyn DD, Dorman CJ, Fénichel P, Fisher S, Gaill F, Galgani F, Gaze WH, Giuliano L, Grandjean P, Hahn ME, Hamdoun A, Hess P, Judson B, Laborde A, McGlade J, Mu J, Mustapha A, Neira M, Noble RT, Pedrotti ML, Reddy C, Rocklöv J, Scharler UM, Shanmugam H, Taghian G, van de Water JA, Vezzulli L, Weihe P, Zeka A, Raps H, Rampal P. Human Health and Ocean Pollution. Ann Glob Health 2020; 86:151. [PMID: 33354517 PMCID: PMC7731724 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pollution - unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity - is the largest environmental cause of disease in the world today. It is responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion of human capital, and degradation of ecosystems. Ocean pollution is an important, but insufficiently recognized and inadequately controlled component of global pollution. It poses serious threats to human health and well-being. The nature and magnitude of these impacts are only beginning to be understood. Goals (1) Broadly examine the known and potential impacts of ocean pollution on human health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international organizations, civil society, and the global public of these threats. (3) Propose priorities for interventions to control and prevent pollution of the seas and safeguard human health. Methods Topic-focused reviews that examine the effects of ocean pollution on human health, identify gaps in knowledge, project future trends, and offer evidence-based guidance for effective intervention. Environmental Findings Pollution of the oceans is widespread, worsening, and in most countries poorly controlled. It is a complex mixture of toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban and industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural runoff, and sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. It reaches the oceans through rivers, runoff, atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. It is often heaviest near the coasts and most highly concentrated along the coasts of low- and middle-income countries. Plastic is a rapidly increasing and highly visible component of ocean pollution, and an estimated 10 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the seas each year. Mercury is the metal pollutant of greatest concern in the oceans; it is released from two main sources - coal combustion and small-scale gold mining. Global spread of industrialized agriculture with increasing use of chemical fertilizer leads to extension of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) to previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants are ubiquitous and contaminate seas and marine organisms from the high Arctic to the abyssal depths. Ecosystem Findings Ocean pollution has multiple negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and these impacts are exacerbated by global climate change. Petroleum-based pollutants reduce photosynthesis in marine microorganisms that generate oxygen. Increasing absorption of carbon dioxide into the seas causes ocean acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing microorganisms at the base of the marine food web, and increases the toxicity of some pollutants. Plastic pollution threatens marine mammals, fish, and seabirds and accumulates in large mid-ocean gyres. It breaks down into microplastic and nanoplastic particles containing multiple manufactured chemicals that can enter the tissues of marine organisms, including species consumed by humans. Industrial releases, runoff, and sewage increase frequency and severity of HABs, bacterial pollution, and anti-microbial resistance. Pollution and sea surface warming are triggering poleward migration of dangerous pathogens such as the Vibrio species. Industrial discharges, pharmaceutical wastes, pesticides, and sewage contribute to global declines in fish stocks. Human Health Findings Methylmercury and PCBs are the ocean pollutants whose human health effects are best understood. Exposures of infants in utero to these pollutants through maternal consumption of contaminated seafood can damage developing brains, reduce IQ and increase children's risks for autism, ADHD and learning disorders. Adult exposures to methylmercury increase risks for cardiovascular disease and dementia. Manufactured chemicals - phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, and perfluorinated chemicals, many of them released into the seas from plastic waste - can disrupt endocrine signaling, reduce male fertility, damage the nervous system, and increase risk of cancer. HABs produce potent toxins that accumulate in fish and shellfish. When ingested, these toxins can cause severe neurological impairment and rapid death. HAB toxins can also become airborne and cause respiratory disease. Pathogenic marine bacteria cause gastrointestinal diseases and deep wound infections. With climate change and increasing pollution, risk is high that Vibrio infections, including cholera, will increase in frequency and extend to new areas. All of the health impacts of ocean pollution fall disproportionately on vulnerable populations in the Global South - environmental injustice on a planetary scale. Conclusions Ocean pollution is a global problem. It arises from multiple sources and crosses national boundaries. It is the consequence of reckless, shortsighted, and unsustainable exploitation of the earth's resources. It endangers marine ecosystems. It impedes the production of atmospheric oxygen. Its threats to human health are great and growing, but still incompletely understood. Its economic costs are only beginning to be counted.Ocean pollution can be prevented. Like all forms of pollution, ocean pollution can be controlled by deploying data-driven strategies based on law, policy, technology, and enforcement that target priority pollution sources. Many countries have used these tools to control air and water pollution and are now applying them to ocean pollution. Successes achieved to date demonstrate that broader control is feasible. Heavily polluted harbors have been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, and coral reefs restored.Prevention of ocean pollution creates many benefits. It boosts economies, increases tourism, helps restore fisheries, and improves human health and well-being. It advances the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits will last for centuries. Recommendations World leaders who recognize the gravity of ocean pollution, acknowledge its growing dangers, engage civil society and the global public, and take bold, evidence-based action to stop pollution at source will be critical to preventing ocean pollution and safeguarding human health.Prevention of pollution from land-based sources is key. Eliminating coal combustion and banning all uses of mercury will reduce mercury pollution. Bans on single-use plastic and better management of plastic waste reduce plastic pollution. Bans on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have reduced pollution by PCBs and DDT. Control of industrial discharges, treatment of sewage, and reduced applications of fertilizers have mitigated coastal pollution and are reducing frequency of HABs. National, regional and international marine pollution control programs that are adequately funded and backed by strong enforcement have been shown to be effective. Robust monitoring is essential to track progress.Further interventions that hold great promise include wide-scale transition to renewable fuels; transition to a circular economy that creates little waste and focuses on equity rather than on endless growth; embracing the principles of green chemistry; and building scientific capacity in all countries.Designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) will safeguard critical ecosystems, protect vulnerable fish stocks, and enhance human health and well-being. Creation of MPAs is an important manifestation of national and international commitment to protecting the health of the seas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John J. Stegeman
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, GB
- University of Exeter Medical School, GB
| | | | - Donald M. Anderson
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | | | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Université Côte d’Azur, FR
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Inserm, C3M, FR
| | - Lilian Corra
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE), CH
- Health and Environment of the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (GAHP), AR
| | | | - Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, FR
- IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, University of Copenhagen, DK
- Ecotoxicologie et développement durable expertise ECODD, Valbonne, FR
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, FR
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FR
| | | | - Dimitri D. Deheyn
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, US
| | | | - Patrick Fénichel
- Université Côte d’Azur, FR
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Inserm, C3M, FR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark E. Hahn
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | - Philipp Hess
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation des Mers, FR
| | | | | | - Jacqueline McGlade
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, GB
- Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, KE
| | | | - Adetoun Mustapha
- Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Lagos, NG
- Imperial College London, GB
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, SE
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pál Weihe
- University of the Faroe Islands and Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, FO
| | | | - Hervé Raps
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, MC
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Sustainable Development, MC
| | - Patrick Rampal
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, MC
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Sustainable Development, MC
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Blanco G, López-Hernández I, Morinha F, López-Cerero L. Intensive farming as a source of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in sedentary and migratory vultures: Implications for local and transboundary spread. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140356. [PMID: 32758969 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role of wild birds in the carriage and transmission of human and food animal bacteria with resistant genotypes has repeatedly been highlighted. However, few studies have focussed on the specific exposure sources and places of acquisition and selection for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in vultures relying on livestock carcasses across large areas and different continents. The occurrence of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents was assessed in the faecal microbiota of sedentary Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) and trans-Saharan migratory Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus) in central Spain. High rates (generally >50%) of resistant Escherichia coli and other enterobacteria to amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole and tetracycline were found. About 25-30% of samples were colonised by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing bacteria, while 5-17% were positive for plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) phenotypes, depending on vulture species and age. In total, nine ESBL types were recorded (7 in griffon vultures and 5 in Egyptian vultures), with CTX-M-1 the most prevalent in both species. The most prevalent PMQR was mediated by qnrS genes. We found no clear differences in the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in adult vultures of each species, or between nestling and adult Egyptian vultures. This supports the hypothesis that antimicrobial resistance is acquired in the European breeding areas of both species. Bacterial resistance can directly be driven by the regular ingestion of multiple active antimicrobials found in medicated livestock carcasses from factory farms, which should be not neglected as a contributor to the emergence of novel resistance clones. The One Health framework should consider the potential transboundary carriage and spread of epidemic resistance from high-income European to low-income African countries via migratory birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Blanco
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada López-Hernández
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Morinha
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Cerero
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Uribe Soto M, Gómez Ramírez AP, Ramírez Nieto GC. INFLUENZA REQUIERE UN MANEJO BAJO LA PERSPECTIVA DE “ONE HEALTH” EN COLOMBIA. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v25n3.79364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
La influenza es una infección viral de importancia y distribución mundial, cuyo agente causal es el Alfainfluenzavirus o influenza virus tipo A (IAV). El cual se caracteriza por poseer un genoma de tipo ssRNA segmentado, lo cual le confiere una alta variabilidad y capacidad recombinante. Esto, sumado al amplio rango de huéspedes susceptibles y la posibilidad de transmisión entre especies, se constituye en un reto tanto para la salud humana como animal. El IAV es capaz de infectar una amplia variedad de huéspedes, incluyendo múltiples especies de aves y mamíferos, tanto domésticos como salvajes y al humano, así como a reptiles y anfibios, entre otros. Dentro de los Alphainfluenzavirus se reconocen 16 subtipos de Hemaglutinina (HA) y 9 de Neuraminidasa (NA), siendo su principal reservorio las aves silvestres acuáticas. Adicionalmente se han reconocido dos nuevos subtipos en murciélagos (H17-18 y N10-11), los cuales se han denominado Influenza-like virus. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior y conocedores de la riqueza en biodiversidad que posee Colombia, país en el que está demostrada la circulación del virus en cerdos y en humanos y hay resultados preliminares de la presencia de Orthomyxovirus en murciélagos, es imperativo estudiar y conocer los IAV circulantes en el medio, establecer factores de riesgo y analizar el efecto que ha tenido y seguirán teniendo condiciones asociadas al cambio climático, los factores sociodemográficos y el papel de diferentes especies en la ecología de este agente viral. Todo lo anterior bajo el contexto de “una salud” en la infección por IAV.
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Lederman Z, Capps B. One health ethics: a response to pragmatism. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS 2020; 46:632-633. [PMID: 32075867 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2019-105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Johnson and Degeling have recently enquired whether one health (OH) requires a comprehensive normative framework, concluding that such a framework, while not necessary, may be helpful. In this commentary, we provide a context for this debate, and describe how pragmatism has been predominant in the OH literature. We nevertheless argue that articulating a comprehensive normative theory to ground OH practice might clear existing vagueness and provide stronger guidance in relevant health dilemmas. A comprehensive theory will also be needed eventually to ground notions such as universal good. We, thus, call for the systematic articulation of a comprehensive, metaethical theory, concomitantly with already ongoing normative work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Lederman
- Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Benjamin Capps
- Department of Bioethics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Melzer J, Stahnisch FW. [Rationales, Irrationales, Komplexes in Zeiten einer Pandemie: One World]. Complement Med Res 2020; 27:209-214. [PMID: 32772016 DOI: 10.1159/000510493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Melzer
- Universität Zürich, Zürich, Schweiz, .,Praxis für Psychosomatik, Psychoanalyse, Naturheilkunde, Göttingen, Deutschland,
| | - Frank W Stahnisch
- Departement für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Cumming School of Medicine, und Department für Geschichte, Faculty of Arts, Universität von Calgary, Calgary, Kanada
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Liatis T, Patel B, Huang M, Buren L, Kotsadam G. Student Involvement in Global Veterinary Education and Curricula: 7 Years of Progress (2013-2019). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 47:379-383. [PMID: 32053052 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As central members of the veterinary education community, students are well placed to highlight current problems in veterinary education. Motivated by the lack of current formal student involvement, the largest global veterinary student association, the International Veterinary Students' Association (IVSA), realized the necessity for students to express their opinions within the veterinary education field. Thus, two standing committees related to veterinary education were created: the Standing Committee on One Health in 2013 and the Standing Committee on Veterinary Education in 2014. For 7 years, veterinary students have been acting in a four-dimensional plane to involve students in (a) electronic educational resources and e-learning, (b) interdisciplinary collaboration and One Health, (c) curriculum involvement, and (d) vocational guidance. Through multiple projects, such as student and tutor interaction, idea exchanges, development of e-resources, and curriculum development campaigns, IVSA has managed to increase awareness to students and schools of the important role students play within veterinary education. This article highlights students' ability to work together to help other students learn and succeed within their veterinary studies, as well as the necessity for student engagement in curricular renewal and development. Consequently, IVSA's projects and achievements are described, highlighting a from students-to students approach to promote active student involvement in veterinary education and curricula globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Huang
- Veterinary Education of the International Veterinary
| | - Lisa Buren
- Veterinary Education of the International Veterinary Students
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Walton M, Hall J, Guest D, Butubu J, Vinning G, Black K, Beardsley J. Applying one health methods to improve cocoa production in Bougainville: A case study. One Health 2020; 10:100143. [PMID: 32518813 PMCID: PMC7270190 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa production is the major contributor to livelihoods for farming families that constitute nearly two-thirds of the population of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, a Province in Papua New Guinea (PNG). These families, living mostly in subsistence poverty as a result of the Bougainville Civil War (1988–98), have significantly reduced cocoa production. Efforts to rebuild the industry have not been realised, due to known agricultural factors such as labour shortages, pests and diseases, poor support for farmers from trained agricultural extension officers and inefficient cocoa supply chains. But cocoa production involves factors other than agricultural ones. This article describes how we applied One Health methods to design and undertake a 6-year research project in Bougainville to improve cocoa productivity. Maximising the health and wellbeing of farming families and increasing agricultural productivity we argue, requires an in-depth understanding of the non-linear interactions between health, labour, household decision-making, yields and incomes. One Health research provides understanding and potential solutions to improving cocoa farmer livelihoods. Detailed preparation is essential for trusting transdisciplinary partnerships. Agreed communication strategies are essential. Regional Hubs and Village Resource Centres provide learning, practice and information sharing. A Cocoa-Health Framework describes best practice in healthcare and agriculture for villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrilyn Walton
- School of Public Health University of Sydney Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica Hall
- School of Public Health University of Sydney Australia, Australia
| | - David Guest
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Australia
| | - James Butubu
- Department of Primary Industries and Marine Resources, Autonomous Region of Bougainville, Papua New Guinea
| | - Grant Vinning
- School of Public Health University of Sydney Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsten Black
- The Sydney University Central Clinical School, Australia
| | - Justin Beardsley
- Marie Bashir Institute Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia
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Sariola S, Gilbert SF. Toward a Symbiotic Perspective on Public Health: Recognizing the Ambivalence of Microbes in the Anthropocene. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E746. [PMID: 32429344 PMCID: PMC7285259 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes evolve in complex environments that are often fashioned, in part, by human desires. In a global perspective, public health has played major roles in structuring how microbes are perceived, cultivated, and destroyed. The germ theory of disease cast microbes as enemies of the body and the body politic. Antibiotics have altered microbial development by providing stringent natural selection on bacterial species, and this has led to the formation of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Public health perspectives such as "Precision Public Health" and "One Health" have recently been proposed to further manage microbial populations. However, neither of these take into account the symbiotic relationships that exist between bacterial species and between bacteria, viruses, and their eukaryotic hosts. We propose a perspective on public health that recognizes microbial evolution through symbiotic associations (the hologenome theory) and through lateral gene transfer. This perspective has the advantage of including both the pathogenic and beneficial interactions of humans with bacteria, as well as combining the outlook of the "One Health" model with the genomic methodologies utilized in the "Precision Public Health" model. In the Anthropocene, the conditions for microbial evolution have been altered by human interventions, and public health initiatives must recognize both the beneficial (indeed, necessary) interactions of microbes with their hosts as well as their pathogenic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Sariola
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Sociology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Scott F. Gilbert
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA
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