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Calatayud J, Perelló-Romero L, Núñez-Cortés R, López-Bueno R, Clausen T, Andersen LL. The importance of a healthy lifestyle despite chronic pain: Prospective cohort with 11-year register follow-up. Prev Med 2024; 180:107858. [PMID: 38228251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate to which extent a healthy lifestyle in female healthcare workers with chronic pain contributes to reducing the risk of disability pension. We conducted a prospective cohort study with an 11-year registry follow-up. Overall, 2386 Danish female healthcare workers with chronic pain completed a questionnaire about work and lifestyle (leisure-time physical activity, smoking, and body mass index (BMI)). Data on disability benefit payments were obtained from the Danish Register for Evaluation of Marginalization. Two models (minimally and fully adjusted for different potential confounders) were tested using the Cox proportional hazards model. During the follow-up period, 17.9% of the healthcare workers obtained disability pension. Low levels of leisure time physical activity (reference: moderate level) increased the risk of disability pension in the minimally (Hazard Ratio: 1.38 (95% CI: 1.14-1.69)) and fully adjusted models (Hazard Ratio: 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04-1.56)). Being highly physically active, as opposed to being moderately active, did not confer additional protection. Additionally, a positive association was observed between smoking and disability pension in the minimally adjusted model (Hazard Ratio: 1.27 (95% CI: 1.05-1.54)). BMI was not an influential factor. In female healthcare workers with chronic pain, at least moderate levels of physical activity is a protective factor for disability pension. Effective promotion strategies should be designed for both workplace and non-workplace settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Calatayud
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Perelló-Romero
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés
- Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy in Motion Multispeciality Research Group (PTinMOTION), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Thomas Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jacob L, Koyanagi A, Haro JM, Shin JI, Smith L, Konrad M, Kostev K. Prevalence of and factors associated with long-term sick leave in working-age adults with osteoarthritis: a retrospective cohort study conducted in Germany. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:303-311. [PMID: 36167933 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about the impact of osteoarthritis on the long-term work participation of working-age adults. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and the factors associated with long-term sick leave in people newly diagnosed with osteoarthritis from Germany. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included patients aged 18-65 years diagnosed with osteoarthritis for the first time (index date) in 1 of 1198 general practices in Germany between 2016 and 2019 (Disease Analyzer database, IQVIA). Patients were considered to be on long-term sick leave if they were absent from work for medical reasons for more than 42 days in the year following the index date. Independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, type of osteoarthritis, and frequent comorbidities. The association between these variables and long-term sick leave (dependent variable) was studied using an adjusted logistic regression model. RESULTS This study included 51,034 patients with osteoarthritis [mean (standard deviation) age 50.8 (9.2) years; 50.9% women]. The prevalence of long-term sick leave was 36.2%. Younger age and male sex were positively and significantly associated with long-term sick leave compared with older age and female sex, respectively. There was also a strong relationship between several comorbidities (e.g., reaction to severe stress, and adjustment disorders, gastritis and duodenitis, and depression) with long-term sick leave. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of long-term sick leave was high in this sample of patients newly diagnosed with osteoarthritis from Germany. In this context, interventions should be implemented to increase the long-term working participation of people with osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance, and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK
| | - Marcel Konrad
- FOM University of Applied Sciences for Economics and Management, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karel Kostev
- Department of Epidemiology, IQVIA, Unterschweinstiege 2-14, 60549, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Hajek A, König HH. Personality-related and psychosocial correlates of sick leave days in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings of a representative survey. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:227. [PMID: 36329550 PMCID: PMC9635154 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of our study was to assess the personality-related and psychosocial correlates of sick leave days in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used data from a representative online-survey covering the general German adult population (data collection: mid-March 2022). We restricted our sample to full-time employed individuals aged 18 to 64 years (n = 1,342 individuals). Sick leave days in the preceding 12 months served as outcome measure. Validated and established tools were used to quantify personality characteristics and psychosocial factors (such as the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale or the De Jong Gierveld loneliness tool). Negative binomial regression models were used. Results After adjusting for various sociodemographic and health-related factors, regressions showed that a higher number of sick leave days was associated with lower levels of conscientiousness (IRR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.97), higher levels of openness to experience (IRR: 1.19, 1.04–1.35), less coronavirus anxiety (IRR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86-0.93), and more depressive symptoms (IRR: 1.06, 1.02–1.11). Conclusion After adjusting for various sociodemographic and health-related factors, our study showed an association between personality-related and psychosocial factors with sick leave days. More research is required to clarify the underlying pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00980-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
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Description of a Hybrid Mindfulness-Integrated Multidisciplinary Workplace Weight Management Intervention Module ‘Mind-SLIMSHAPE’ Using the TIDieR Checklist. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153140. [PMID: 35956318 PMCID: PMC9370606 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Published reports of workplace-based weight management interventions are often poorly described and are focused on dietary, physical, and behavioral management. These strategies are often unsustainable and only have short-term effectiveness. The Mind-SLIMSHAPETM is a mindfulness-integrated multidisciplinary intervention developed to address overweight and obesity problems among desk-bound employees while improving weight-related behavior through mindfulness meditation and mindful eating exercises. The integration of mindfulness and mindful eating aims to improve the individual’s focus on the present and heighten their sensitivity towards internal and external eating cues. The aim of this article is to describe the Mind-SLIMSHAPETM intervention program using The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist. The Mind-SLIMSHAPETM module is a 24-week intervention program that was delivered in a quasi-experimental study among employees with BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m² in a selected higher learning institution. The module was delivered via hybrid sessions that included both face-to-face and virtual online sessions. The novelty of our description includes summaries of each intervention component with its intensity, details of the theory grounded for this program, and the rationale for the intervention components. The Mind-SLIMSHAPETM module is ready to be implemented and replicated in a similar setting with possible refinement and enhancement of the mindfulness and mindful eating elements.
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Salonsalmi A, Rahkonen O, Lahelma E, Pietiläinen O, Lallukka T. Associations between low parental education, childhood adversities and sickness absence in midlife public sector employees. Scand J Public Health 2022:14034948221087996. [PMID: 35546096 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221087996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Parental education and childhood adversities are associated with long-term work disability but their contribution to sickness absence is largely unknown. We aimed to examine the associations between parental education, childhood adversities and self-certified and medically-certified sickness absence among midlife employees. METHODS The Helsinki Health Study baseline survey data (2000-2002) of 40-to-60-year-old municipal employees were linked with sickness absence data from the employer's register. Self-certified (1-3 days) and medically-certified (>3 days) sickness absence spells were followed from 2003 until the end of 2008. The study included 5728 employees. The analyses were made by Poisson regression and the results are presented as rate ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Low maternal education was associated with self-certified sickness absence (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13-1.55) among women only whereas both low maternal (1.49, 1.26-1.77) and low paternal education (1.48, 1.32-1.67) were associated with medically-certified sickness absence. Adjustment for own occupational class mainly abolished these associations. Having experienced any childhood adversity was associated with self-certified (1.18, 1.12-1.25) and medically-certified (1.22, 1.15-1.30) sickness absence. In addition, childhood economic difficulties, childhood illness, parental divorce, parental mental illness, parental alcohol problems and bullying were each associated both with self-certified and with medically-certified sickness absence. The associations mainly remained after adjustments for occupational class, marital status, working condition, body mass index and health behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Low parental education and childhood adversities contributed to midlife sickness absence. Promoting well-being of families with children might help sustain adult work ability and prevent sickness absence still in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Salonsalmi
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ossi Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tea Lallukka
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Hajek A, Kretzler B, König HH. Prevalence and correlates of obesity among the oldest old. A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:373-383. [PMID: 35362258 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thus far, the prevalence and correlates of obesity among the oldest have been identified in several studies. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression synthesizing the existing observational studies. Consequently, our aim was to fill this knowledge gap. Three electronic databases were searched (Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL) and an additional hand search was performed. Observational studies (both, cross-sectional and longitudinal) determining the prevalence and (preferably) the correlates of obesity in the oldest old (≥80 years) were included. Data extraction covered study design, measurement of obesity, analytical approach, sample characteristics and main results. In total, 19 studies were included. Reported prevalence of obesity in the community varied greatly (range 0.7%-71.5%). The pooled prevalence of obesity was 17.8% (95% CI: 13.3%-22.2%), with significant heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 99.7%, P < 0.001). There is evidence of a publication bias. Meta-regressions showed that some of the heterogeneity was explained by the types of measures of obesity and country of the respective sample. In conclusion, obesity remains a key challenge among the oldest old. Future research in this age bracket is urgently required in regions mostly neglected thus far (e.g., South America, Africa or Asia). Moreover, studies based on longitudinal data are required to clarify the determinants of obesity among the oldest old. Furthermore, studies based on objectively recorded obesity (e.g., waist circumference) are also required. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 373-383.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kretzler
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Hamburg, Germany
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Jacob L, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Shin JI, Haro JM, Garthe T, Kostev K. Prevalence of and factors associated with long-term sick leave in working-age adults with chronic low back pain in Germany. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2022; 95:1549-1556. [PMID: 35181802 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01841-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are little data on the impact of chronic low back pain (CLBP) on long-term sick leave. Thus, the aim was to investigate the prevalence of and the factors associated with long-term sick leave in working-age adults with CLBP in Germany. METHODS This retrospective study included adults aged 18-65 years diagnosed for the first time with CLBP in one of 1193 general practices in Germany between 2000 and 2019. CLBP was defined as the presence of two diagnoses of low back pain with > 90 days between them. Long-term sick leave was assessed in the year following the first diagnosis of low back pain, and was defined as > 42 days of absence from work for health-related reasons. In Germany, employees on sick leave lasting > 42 days are not paid by the employer anymore but by the health insurance fund. Finally, an adjusted logistic regression model was used to assess the association between predefined variables (e.g., age, sex, and comorbidities) and long-term sick leave. RESULTS A total of 59,269 working-age adults were included in this study [mean (SD) age 32.8 (11.5) years; 41.4% women]. The prevalence of long-term sick leave in the sample was 49.1%. Long-term sick leave was significantly associated with young age, male sex, and several physical and psychiatric comorbidities (e.g., reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorder, gastritis and duodenitis, and depression). CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, public health measures are urgently needed to mitigate the deleterious effects of CLBP on work participation in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, C.P.O. Box 8044, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Karel Kostev
- Epidemiology, IQVIA, Unterschweinstiege 2-14, 60549, Frankfurt, Germany.
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De Wet T, Kruger WH, Joubert G. Obesity and sickness absenteeism among health workers in a private hospital in South Africa. S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2022; 64:e1-e8. [PMID: 35144463 PMCID: PMC8905506 DOI: 10.4102/safp.v64i1.5418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a worldwide trend among the general population including health workers to become more overweight and obese. Such obesity can reduce work ability as manifested through sickness absenteeism. The aim of this study was to describe the obesity among health workers in a private hospital in central South Africa, as measured by the body mass index (BMI) as well as the association of obesity and sickness absenteeism. Methods A cohort analytical study was conducted to describe changes in the BMI of employed health workers as well as the association of obesity and absenteeism in a private hospital in South Africa. The BMI measurement on employment, a repeat BMI at the time of the study as well as the sick leave days taken since employment of all health workers who had been employed for more than one year were analysed. Results Full time employees (n = 344) participated in the study of whom 33.7% were obese; 26.2% were overweight; 36.3% had normal weight and 3.7% were underweight at employment. On repeat BMI done in February 2016, 43.0% were obese; 27.6% were overweight; 28.2% had normal weight and 1.2% were underweight. There was no difference in the amount of sick leaves taken between the normal weight, overweight and obese groups. Conclusion A trend among health workers to change to a higher BMI category during employment is concerning, but there was no statistically significant association between the different weight groups and sickness absenteeism. The negative impact of obesity on the productivity of workers cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese De Wet
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa; and, Kimberley Gariep Mediclinic Hospital, Kimberley.
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The Prospective Association Between Physical Activity, Insomnia Symptoms and Productivity in an Australian Population-based Cohort. J Occup Environ Med 2021; 64:183-189. [PMID: 34817462 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the joint, prospective associations of physical inactivity and insomnia symptoms and productivity using the 2013 and 2014 Household Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia Survey panel data. METHODS The association between i) presenteeism (yes/no, n=5864) and ii) absenteeism (sick leave days, n = 4324) and the mutually exclusive groups "active without insomnia", "active with insomnia", "inactive without insomnia" and "inactive with insomnia" was assessed. RESULTS Participants "active with insomnia" or "inactive with insomnia" had greater odds of presenteeism than those "active without insomnia" (OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.07-1.85 and OR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.14-1.83 respectively). Participants "inactive with insomnia" had a greater incidence of absenteeism than participants "active without insomnia" (IRR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.07-1.54). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest improving physical activity levels and insomnia symptoms concurrently may improve productivity by reducing presenteeism and sick leave.
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Kassymova G, Sydsjö G, Borendal Wodlin N, Nilsson L, Kjølhede P. The Effect of Follow-Up Contact on Recovery After Benign Hysterectomy: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Four-Arm, Controlled Multicenter Trial. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2020; 30:872-881. [PMID: 33232628 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this trial was to analyze the effect of follow-up programs using standard follow-up protocol and structured coaching on recovery after hysterectomy in an enhanced recovery after surgery setting. Materials and Methods: A randomized, four-armed, single-blinded, controlled multicenter trial comprising 487 women was conducted at five hospitals in the southeast region of Sweden. The women were allocated (1:1:1:1) to Group A: no planned follow-up contact; Group B: a single, planned, structured, broadly kept, follow-up telephone contact with the research nurse the day after discharge; Group C: planned, structured, broadly kept follow-up telephone contact with the research nurse the day after discharge and then once weekly for 6 weeks; and Group D: as Group C, but with planned, structured, coaching telephone contact. Recovery was assessed by the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaires EuroQoL-5 Dimension with three levels (EQ-5D-3L) and Short-Form-Health Survey with 36 items (SF-36) and duration of sick leave. Results: Neither the recovery of HRQoL as measured by the EQ-5D-3L and the SF-36 nor the duration of sick leave (mean 26.8-28.1 days) differed significantly between the four intervention groups. Irrespective of mode of follow-up contact used, the women had recovered to their baseline EQ-5D-3L health index 4 weeks after surgery. The occurrence of unplanned telephone contact was significantly lower (by nearly 30%) in the women who had structured coaching. Conclusion: Follow-up contact, including coaching, did not seem to expedite the postoperative recovery in HRQoL or reduce the sick leave after hysterectomy, but the coaching seemed to reduce unplanned telephone contact with the health care services. ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT01526668).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnara Kassymova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, and Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Sydsjö
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, and Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ninnie Borendal Wodlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, and Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lena Nilsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, and Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Preben Kjølhede
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, and Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Keramat SA, Alam K, Gow J, Biddle SJH. Gender differences in the longitudinal association between obesity, and disability with workplace absenteeism in the Australian working population. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233512. [PMID: 32459804 PMCID: PMC7252611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess weight can increase absenteeism of workers and can have a negative influence on their productivity. Current evidence on this association is mostly based on cross-sectional data and there is little evidence concerning the longitudinal relationship between obesity, and disability with workplace absenteeism. Further, gender differences in this association have often ignored in the existing literature. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine gender differences in the longitudinal association between obesity, and disability with absenteeism in the workplace. METHODS Data from thirteen waves (2006 to 2018) of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey were pooled, resulting in 117,769 observations for 19,851 adult employees. The Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) regression model was deployed to investigate the links between obesity, and disability with workplace absenteeism for the total sample and stratified by gender. RESULTS The findings showed that overweight (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.47), obesity (IRR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.12-1.64) and disability (IRR: 2.83, 95% CI: 2.36-3.38) were associated with prolonged workplace absenteeism irrespective of gender. This study found that the multiplicative interaction between weight status and gender is significantly associated with absenteeism. The results reveal that the rate of absenteeism was 2.79 times (IRR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.96-3.97) and 1.73 times (IRR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.20-2.48) higher among overweight and obese women than male counterparts, respectively. Moreover, this study found that the weight status of male workers is not associated with absenteeism. However, disability (IRR: 3.14, 95% CI: 2.43-4.05) is positively associated with longer days of absence among male workers. Finally, the study results showed that the rate of absenteeism is 1.82 (IRR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.36-2.44), 1.61 (IRR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21-2.13), and 2.63 (IRR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.99-3.48) times higher among overweight, obese, and female workers with a disability, respectively, compared with their lower weight counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Workplace absenteeism is significantly associated with overweight and obesity among Australian workers. An active workplace health promotion program is very important for weight management of overweight and obese workers and thus to reduce workplace absenteeism. For example, employers may provide incentives for maintaining recommended body weights, encourage exercise, and promote healthy diets amongst their workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Afroz Keramat
- Economics Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
- School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Khorshed Alam
- School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeff Gow
- School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- School of Accounting, Economics, and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Stuart J. H. Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
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Amiri S, Behnezhad S. Body mass index and risk of sick leave: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Obes 2019; 9:e12334. [PMID: 31368657 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) is related to different health dimensions and can be a risk factor for diseases. Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analysis the association BMI and the risk of sick leave. Four databases were searched for articles until late December 2018 and the results of the studies were extracted and combined using random effects methods. Several sub-group analyses were conducted as well as bias of publication were measured. A total of 23 longitudinal studies entered into meta-analysis. BMI ≥ 25 was a risk factor for sick leave; the risk ratio (RR) is equal to 1.20 with confidence interval (CI): 1.14 to 1.28. In the overweight, this result was achieved: RR = 1.09 and CI = 1.04 to 1.15 (P = 0.001) and in the obesity, RR = 1.30 and CI = 1.19 to 1.42 (P < 0.001). In both men and women, overweight and obesity were both a risk factor for sick leave. A high BMI is a risk factor that threatens health in different dimensions and therefore, overweight/obesity prevention and treatment should be given increasing attention. This will reduce the burden of illness and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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