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Zangani C, Ostinelli EG, Giordano B, D’Agostino A, Martinotti G, Clerici M, Gambini O, Schifano F. Knowledge and Use of Novel Psychoactive Substances in Italy: a Survey-Based Study in the General Population. Int J Ment Health Addict 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00683-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Benschop A, Urbán R, Kapitány-Fövény M, Van Hout MC, Dąbrowska K, Felvinczi K, Hearne E, Henriques S, Kaló Z, Kamphausen G, Silva JP, Wieczorek Ł, Werse B, Bujalski M, Korf D, Demetrovics Z. Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:600-611. [PMID: 32043399 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120904951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a public health threat. Many studies have tried to identify the reasons of NPS use; however, none of them have so far used any standardised measures. The aim of this study was (i) to develop and cross-culturally validate the New Psychoactive Substance Use Motives Measure (NPSMM) and (ii) to compare motives of NPS use across countries and user types. METHODS Three subgroups (socially marginalised users, nightlife attendees and members of online communities) of NPS users (N = 3023) were recruited from six EU member countries. Demographics, motives and types of NPS used were assessed. NPS use motives were measured by adapting the extended six-factor version of the Marijuana Motives Measure. RESULTS Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a similar five-factor solution across most of the countries: coping, enhancement, social, conformity and expansion motives. Marginalised users scored higher on coping and conformity motives, nightlife groups showed higher endorsement of social motive, whereas online community users showed higher scores on expansion motives. Various types of NPS were also associated with different motives. CONCLUSION NPS use motives might be associated with both the groups of users and the specific types of NPS being consumed. Expansion (psychedelics) and enhancement (stimulants) motives seemed to be linked to the chosen NPS product type, while coping, social and conformity motives were rather associated with user groups. NPSMM was found to be a valid instrument to measure NPS motives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Róbert Urbán
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Máté Kapitány-Fövény
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Katalin Felvinczi
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Evelyn Hearne
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Susana Henriques
- Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology, ISCTE Lisbon University Institute, Lisbon, Portugal.,Universidade Aberta de Portugal, Aberta, Portugal
| | - Zsuzsa Kaló
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dirk Korf
- Bonger Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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