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Gil-Almagro F, García-Hedrera FJ, Peñacoba-Puente C, Carmona-Monge FJ. Anxiety Evolution among Healthcare Workers-A Prospective Study Two Years after the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic Including Occupational and Psychoemotional Variables. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1230. [PMID: 39202511 PMCID: PMC11356201 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Although previous research has found a high prevalence of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers, longitudinal studies on post-pandemic anxiety and predictor variables have been less abundant. To examine the evolution of anxiety in healthcare workers from the beginning of the pandemic until one and a half years later, analyzing the influence of occupational and psychosocial variables, as well as their possible predictors. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal design with three periods of data collection: (1) between 5 May and 21 June 2020, (2) six months after the end of the state of alarm (January-March 2021), and (3) one year after this second assessment (April-July 2022), in which generalized anxiety (GAD-7) was evaluated, as well as occupational and psycho-emotional variables (i.e., social support, self-efficacy, resilience, and cognitive fusion) in healthcare workers in direct contact with COVID-19 patients in Spain. Results: A high prevalence of anxiety was found, with a clear decrease over time. Associations were found between anxiety and certain sociodemographic and work variables (i.e., years of experience, p = 0.046; COVID-19 symptoms, p = 0.001; availability of PPE, p = 0.002; workload, p < 0.001; family contagion concern, p = 0.009). Anxiety maintained negative relationships with social support (p < 0.001), self-efficacy (p < 0.001), and resilience (p < 0.001) and positive associations with cognitive fusion (p < 0.001). Cognitive fusion seemed to be a clear predictor of anxiety. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that social support, self-efficacy, and resilience act as buffers for anxiety, whilst cognitive fusion was found to be a clear risk factor for anxiety. It is important to emphasize the risk role played by cognitive fusion on HCWs as a clear risk factor for stressful work events. The findings emphasize the need to implement specific interventions to promote the mental well-being of healthcare workers, particularly in crisis contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gil-Almagro
- Psychology Deparment, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Av. de Atenas, s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.-A.); (C.P.-P.)
- Nurse Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Budapest, 1, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Cecilia Peñacoba-Puente
- Psychology Deparment, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Av. de Atenas, s/n, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (F.G.-A.); (C.P.-P.)
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Al Maqbali M, Alsayed A, Hughes C, Hacker E, Dickens GL. Stress, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance among healthcare professional during the COVID-19 pandemic: An umbrella review of 72 meta-analyses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302597. [PMID: 38722888 PMCID: PMC11081353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, has significantly impacted the psychological and physical health of a wide range of individuals, including healthcare professionals (HCPs). This umbrella review aims provide a quantitative summary of meta-analyses that have investigated the prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance among HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses reviews was conducted. The search was performed using the EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar databases from 01st January 2020 to 15th January 2024. A random-effects model was then used to estimate prevalence with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analyses were then conducted to explore the heterogeneity of the sample. Seventy-two meta-analyses involved 2,308 primary studies were included after a full-text review. The umbrella review revealed that the pooled prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance among HCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic was 37% (95% CI 32.87-41.22), 31.8% (95% CI 29.2-34.61) 29.4% (95% CI 27.13-31.84) 36.9% (95% CI 33.78-40.05) respectively. In subgroup analyses the prevalence of anxiety and depression was higher among nurses than among physicians. Evidence from this umbrella review suggested that a significant proportion of HCPs experienced stress, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance during the COVID-19 pandemic. This information will support authorities when implementing specific interventions that address mental health problems among HCPs during future pandemics or any other health crises. Such interventions may include the provision of mental health support services, such as counseling and peer support programs, as well as the implementation of organizational strategies to reduce workplace stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Alsayed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jorden
| | - Ciara Hughes
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Hacker
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey L. Dickens
- Midwifery and Health Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Mental Health Nursing Department of Nursing, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- Adjunct Professor Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
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Zand S, Motlagh MS, Golmohammadi R, Aliabadi M, Tapak L, Babamiri M. Effects of wearing medical gowns at different temperatures on the physiological responses of female healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2024; 78:601-612. [PMID: 38339951 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) may limit heat exchange, resulting in physiological challenges. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the physiological and neurophysiological responses of female HCWs when using two typical medical gowns at different temperatures during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Twenty healthy female HCWs participated in this study. Participants wore two types of medical gowns: Spunbond gown (SG) and laminate gown (LG). They walked on a treadmill in a controlled climate chamber for 30 minutes at three different temperatures (24, 28, and 32°C). Heart rate (HR), skin surface temperature (ST), clothing surface temperature (CT), ear temperature (ET), blood oxygen percentage (SaO2), galvanic skin response (GSR), and blood pressure were measured before and after walking on a treadmill. The study's results were analyzed using SPSS26. RESULTS The study found that LG led to an average increase of 0.575°C in CT compared to SG at the same temperatures (P < 0.03). The average HR increased by 6.5 bpm in LG at 28°C compared to SG at a comfortable temperature (P = 0.01). The average ET in SG and GSR in LG at 32°C increased by 0.39°C and 0.25μS, respectively, compared to the comfortable temperature (P < 0.02). CONCLUSION The study recommends maintaining a comfortable temperature range in hospitals to prevent physiological challenges among HCWs wearing medical gowns with high protection against COVID-19. This is important because using LG, compared to SG, at high temperatures can increase HR, ET, CT, and GSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Zand
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Shafiee Motlagh
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rostam Golmohammadi
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Aliabadi
- Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Occupational Health and Safety Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leili Tapak
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Babamiri
- Department of Ergonomics, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Mihretu A, Fekadu W, Alemu AA, Amare B, Assefa D, Misganaw E, Ayele A, Esleman O, Assefa Z, Alem A, Thornicroft G, Hanlon C. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health care and people with mental health conditions in Ethiopia: the MASC mixed-methods study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2023; 17:47. [PMID: 38057791 PMCID: PMC10699067 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-023-00612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on the mental health of populations around the world, but there has been limited focus on the impact on people with existing mental health conditions in low-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine impact of the pandemic on mental health care and people with mental health conditions in Ethiopia. METHODS A convergent mixed methods study was conducted. We systematically mapped information from publicly available reports on impacts of the pandemic on mental health care. Monthly service utilisation data were obtained from Amanuel Mental Specialised Hospital, the main psychiatric hospital, and analysed using segmented Poisson regression (2019 vs. 2020). In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 purposively selected key informants. Framework analysis was used for qualitative data. Findings from each data source were integrated. RESULTS In the early stages of the pandemic, participants indicated a minimal response towards the mental health aspects of COVID-19. Mental health-related stigma and discrimination was evident. Scarce mental health service settings were diverted to become COVID-19 treatment centres. Mental health care became narrowly biomedical with poorer quality of care due to infrequent follow-up. Households of people with pre-existing mental health conditions in the community reported worsening poverty and decreased access to care due to restricted movement, decreased availability and fear. Lack of reliable medication supplies increased relapse and the chance of becoming chained at home, abandoned or homeless. Caregiver burden was exacerbated. Within mental health facilities, prisons and residential units, infection control procedures did not adequately safeguard those with mental health conditions. Meanwhile, the needs of people with mental health conditions in COVID-19 quarantine and treatment facilities were systematically neglected. Only late in the day were integrated services developed to address both physical and mental health needs. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic had substantial negative impacts on the lives of people with mental health conditions in Ethiopia. Future emergency response should prioritise the human rights, health, social and economic needs of people with mental health conditions. Integration of mental and physical health care would both expand access to care and increase resilience of the mental health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoke Mihretu
- Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity-Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wubalem Fekadu
- Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity-Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Azeb Asaminew Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity-Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Beakal Amare
- Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity-Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Assefa
- Mental Health Case Team, Disease Prevention and Control Directorate, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eleni Misganaw
- Mental Health Service Users Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Ayele
- Mental Health Case Team, Disease Prevention and Control Directorate, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ousman Esleman
- Policy, Plan and Monitoring & Evaluation Directorate, Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdu Assefa
- Center for Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Atalay Alem
- Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity-Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Department of Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Research and Capacity-Building, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Department of Health Services and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Alahiane L, Zaam Y, Abouqal R, Belayachi J. Factors associated with recognition at work among nurses and the impact of recognition at work on health-related quality of life, job satisfaction and psychological health: a single-centre, cross-sectional study in Morocco. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e051933. [PMID: 37192803 PMCID: PMC10193074 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the sociodemographic, occupational and health factors that influence nurses' recognition at work and to examine a recognition pathway model to assess the relationship between recognition at work and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), job satisfaction, anxiety and depression. DESIGN This is a cross-sectional observational study with prospective data collection based on a self-report questionnaire. SETTING University hospital centre in Morocco. PARTICIPANTS The study included 223 nurses with at least 1 year of practice at the bedside in care units. MEASURES We included the sociodemographic, occupational and health characteristics of each participant. The Fall Amar instrument was used to measure job recognition. HRQOL was measured using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 12. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess anxiety and depression. Job satisfaction was measured using a rating scale (ranging from 0 to 10). Path analysis was used to examine the nurse recognition pathway model to assess the relationship between nurse recognition at work and key variables. RESULTS The participation rate in this study was 79.3%. Institutional recognition was significantly correlated with gender, midwifery specialty and normal work schedule: β=-5.10 (-8.06, -2.14), β=-5.13 (-8.66, -1.60) and β=-4.28 (-6.85, -1.71), respectively. Significant correlations were found between recognition from superiors and gender, mental health specialisation and normal work schedule: β=-5.71 (-9.39, -2.03), β=-5.96 (-11.17, -0.75) and β=-4.04(-7.23, -0.85), respectively. Recognition from coworkers was significantly associated with mental health specialisation: β=-5.09 (-9.16, -1.01). The trajectory analysis model found that supervisor recognition had the best impact on anxiety, job satisfaction and HRQOL. CONCLUSIONS Recognition from superiors is important in maintaining nurses' psychological health, HRQOL and job satisfaction. Therefore, managers in hospitals should address the issue of recognition at work as a potential personal, professional and organisational lever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Alahiane
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10000,Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Nursing and Health Techniques, Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, 10000,Rabat, Morocco
| | - Youssef Zaam
- Department of general affairs and supervision, Ibn Sina University Hospital, 10000,Rabat, Morocco
| | - Redouane Abouqal
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10000,Rabat, Morocco
- Acute Medical Unit, Ibn Sina University Hospital, 10000,Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jihane Belayachi
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Clinical and Epidemiological Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, 10000,Rabat, Morocco
- Acute Medical Unit, Ibn Sina University Hospital, 10000,Rabat, Morocco
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