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Meyers E, De Rop L, Engels F, Gioveni C, Coen A, De Burghgraeve T, Digregorio M, Van Ngoc P, De Clercq N, Buret L, Coenen S, Deschepper E, Padalko E, Callens S, Duysburgh E, De Sutter A, Scholtes B, Verbakel JY, Heytens S, Cools P. Follow-Up of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels in Belgian Nursing Home Residents and Staff Two, Four and Six Months after Primary Course BNT162b2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:951. [PMID: 39204074 PMCID: PMC11359559 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
When COVID-19 vaccines were implemented, nursing home residents (NHRs) and staff (NHS) in Belgium were prioritized for vaccination. To characterize the vaccine response over time in this population and to identify poorly responding groups, we assessed antibody concentrations two (T1), four (T2) and six months (T3) after primary course BNT162b2 vaccination in six groups of infection-naive/infection-primed NHRs/NHS, with/without comorbidity (NHRs only). Participant groups (N = 125 per group) were defined within a national serosurveillance study in nursing homes, based on questionnaire data. Dried blood spots were analyzed using ELISA for the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 S1RBD IgG antibodies. Among all groups, antibody concentrations significantly decreased between T1 and T2/T3, all with a ≥70% decrease at T3, except for infection-primed staff (-32%). Antibody concentrations among infection-naive NHRs were 11.96 times lower than those among infection-primed NHR, while the latter were comparable (x1.05) to infection-primed NHS. The largest proportion [13% (95% CI: 11-24%)] of vaccine non-responders was observed in the group of infection-naive NHRs with comorbidities. A longer interval between infection and vaccination (≥3 months) elicited higher antibody responses. Our data retrospectively show the necessity of timely COVID-19 booster vaccination. Infection-naive NHRs require special attention regarding immune monitoring in future epidemics or pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Meyers
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.); (F.E.)
| | - Liselore De Rop
- EPI-Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fien Engels
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.); (F.E.)
| | - Claudia Gioveni
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.); (F.E.)
| | - Anja Coen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Tine De Burghgraeve
- EPI-Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Digregorio
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pauline Van Ngoc
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nele De Clercq
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Laëtitia Buret
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Samuel Coenen
- Department of Family Medicine & Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Deschepper
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elizaveta Padalko
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Callens
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Duysburgh
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - An De Sutter
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Beatrice Scholtes
- Research Unit of Primary Care and Health, Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jan Y. Verbakel
- EPI-Centre, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Heytens
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Piet Cools
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (E.M.); (F.E.)
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Camacho-Moll ME, Mata-Tijerina VL, Gutiérrez-Salazar CC, Silva-Ramírez B, Peñuelas-Urquides K, González-Escalante L, Escobedo-Guajardo BL, Cruz-Luna JE, Corrales-Pérez R, Gómez-García S, Bermúdez-de León M. The impact of comorbidity status in COVID-19 vaccines effectiveness before and after SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in northeastern Mexico: a retrospective multi-hospital study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1402527. [PMID: 38932780 PMCID: PMC11199416 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1402527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The end of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization on May 5, 2023. Several vaccines were developed, and new data is being published about their effectiveness. However, the clinical trials for the vaccines were performed before the Omicron variant appeared and there are population groups where vaccine effectiveness still needs to be tested. The overarching goal of the present study was to analyze the effects of COVID-19 vaccination before and after the Omicron variant in patients considering comorbidities in a population from Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Methods Epidemiological COVID-19 data from the Mexican Social Security Institute were collected from 67 hospitals located in northeastern Mexico, from July 2020 to May 2023, and a total of 669,393 cases were compiled, 255,819 reported a SARS-CoV-2 positive reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test or a positive COVID-19 antigen rapid test. Results Before Omicron (BO, 2020-2021), after 14 days of two doses of COVID-19 vaccine, BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines were effective against infection in non-comorbid and all comorbid subgroups, whereas after Omicron (AO, 2022- 2023) there was no significant effectiveness against infection with none of the vaccines. Regarding hospitalization BO, BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, CoronaVac and mRNA-1273 significantly protected non-comorbid patients whereas BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA-1273, protected all comorbid subgroups against hospitalization. AO, BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, CoronaVac and mRNA-1273 were effective against hospitalization in non-comorbid patients whereas for most comorbid subgroups BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 and CoronaVac were effective against hospitalization. Non-comorbid patients were protected against death as an outcome of COVID-19 during the BO period with most vaccines whereas a reduction in effectiveness was observed AO with mRNA-1273 vaccines in patients with hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Discussion BO, COVID-19 vaccines were effective against infection, hospitalization, and death whereas AO, COVID-19 vaccines failed to protect the population from COVID-19 infection. A varying effectiveness against hospitalization and death is observed AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Camacho-Moll
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Viviana Leticia Mata-Tijerina
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Beatriz Silva-Ramírez
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Katia Peñuelas-Urquides
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Laura González-Escalante
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Brenda Leticia Escobedo-Guajardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Research of Diseases, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Jorge Eleazar Cruz-Luna
- Medical Epidemiological Assistance Coordination of the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Roberto Corrales-Pérez
- Medical Epidemiological Assistance Coordination of the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Salvador Gómez-García
- Medical Epidemiological Assistance Coordination of the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Mario Bermúdez-de León
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Social Security Institute, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Korosec CS, Dick DW, Moyles IR, Watmough J. SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine dose significantly extends humoral immune response half-life beyond the primary series. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8426. [PMID: 38637521 PMCID: PMC11026522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines continue to be administered as the predominant prophylactic measure to reduce COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. Quantifying the kinetics of the secondary immune response from subsequent doses beyond the primary series and understanding how dose-dependent immune waning kinetics vary as a function of age, sex, and various comorbidities remains an important question. We study anti-spike IgG waning kinetics in 152 individuals who received an mRNA-based primary series (first two doses) and a subset of 137 individuals who then received an mRNA-based booster dose. We find the booster dose elicits a 71-84% increase in the median Anti-S half life over that of the primary series. We find the Anti-S half life for both primary series and booster doses decreases with age. However, we stress that although chronological age continues to be a good proxy for vaccine-induced humoral waning, immunosenescence is likely not the mechanism, rather, more likely the mechanism is related to the presence of noncommunicable diseases, which also accumulate with age, that affect immune regulation. We are able to independently reproduce recent observations that those with pre-existing asthma exhibit a stronger primary series humoral response to vaccination than compared to those that do not, and further, we find this result is sustained for the booster dose. Finally, via a single-variate Kruskal-Wallis test we find no difference between male and female humoral decay kinetics, however, a multivariate approach utilizing Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression for feature selection reveals a statistically significant (p < 1 × 10 - 3 ), albeit small, bias in favour of longer-lasting humoral immunity amongst males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chapin S Korosec
- Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - David W Dick
- Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada.
| | - Iain R Moyles
- Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada
- Centre for Disease Modelling, Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, M3J 1P3, ON, Canada
| | - James Watmough
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Brunswick, 3 Bailey Dr, Fredericton, E3B 5A3, NB, Canada
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Bouloukaki I, Christodoulakis A, Papageorgakopoulou S, Tsiligianni I. The Prevalence and Determinants of Hesitancy for Regular COVID-19 Vaccination among Primary Healthcare Patients with Asthma or COPD in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:414. [PMID: 38675796 PMCID: PMC11054093 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel coronavirus mutations and signs of the waning immunity provided by COVID-19 vaccines underscore the importance of regular vaccination. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of regular COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and the factors that influence it among patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who visited primary care centers. The cross-sectional study was conducted in six primary healthcare centers in Crete, Greece (October-December 2023). Participants completed a questionnaire, which included questions about socio-demographic characteristics, health status, previous COVID-19 booster vaccination, attitudes, and beliefs about COVID-19 vaccination. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the factors that influenced vaccine hesitancy. Of the 264 participants, 65% exhibited hesitancy towards COVID-19 booster vaccination. Female gender, middle age, lower educational attainment, depression diagnosis, concerns about vaccine side effects, lack of confidence in vaccine efficacy, and reliance on media information were positively associated to vaccine hesitancy. Conversely, those having a cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes, those generally adhering to the recommendations of the treating physician, and those having previously received the flu vaccine or more than three COVID-19 vaccine doses were positively associated with regular COVID-19 vaccinations. Consequently, our findings could help develop strategies that could potentially reduce regular vaccination hesitancy among patients with asthma or COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izolde Bouloukaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.C.); (S.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Antonios Christodoulakis
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.C.); (S.P.); (I.T.)
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stavroula Papageorgakopoulou
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.C.); (S.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Ioanna Tsiligianni
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (A.C.); (S.P.); (I.T.)
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Asamoah-Boaheng M, Grunau B, Karim ME, Kayda I, Yap J, Bessai K, Goldfarb DM. Investigating the Antibody Imprinting Hypothesis among Canadian Paramedics after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Circulation. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:193-197. [PMID: 38386593 PMCID: PMC10916361 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the Omicron variant's capacity to evade immune protection conferred by wild-type (WT) mRNA vaccines. Despite this observation, the potential involvement of antigenic sin phenomena remains unclear. Our hypothesis posited that a greater number of prior WT vaccine doses might lead to reduced anti-Omicron neutralization Abs following Omicron infection. To investigate this, we analyzed blood samples from human participants in the COVID-19 Occupational Risk, Seroprevalence, and Immunity among Paramedics (CORSIP) study who had received at least one WT mRNA vaccine before contracting Omicron. The exposure variable was the number of WT mRNA vaccines administered, and the outcome was the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) percent inhibition specific to the BA.4/BA.5 Omicron Ag. Contrary to expectations, our findings revealed that more WT-based vaccines were associated with an enhanced Omicron-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Asamoah-Boaheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Grunau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ehsanul Karim
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Iryna Kayda
- Experimental Medicine Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Justin Yap
- British Columbia Resuscitation Research Collaborative, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Bessai
- British Columbia Emergency Health Services, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David M. Goldfarb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hataul IAH, Soetedjo NNM, Debora J, Tiara MR, Djauhari H, Susandi E, Alisjahbana B, Wisaksana R, Permana H. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Level Is Associated with a History of COVID-19 Infection and mRNA Vaccination in Patients with Diabetes. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1424. [PMID: 37766101 PMCID: PMC10536458 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with higher severity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infections. Vaccination has been encouraged to boost immunity and prevent these unfortunate outcomes. Few studies have evaluated antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with T2DM. Therefore, we examined the vaccination status and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels to identify the factors that affect the antibody levels in patients with T2DM. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital and Bandung Kiwari Hospital, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, between October and November 2022. Adult participants with and without T2DM were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a point-of-care quantitative immunochromatographic assay. We enrolled 289 participants: 201 participants with T2DM and 88 participants without T2DM. The T2DM participants had a lower vaccination rate compared with the non-T2DM participants. However, no significant differences in antibody levels were observed between the two groups. Higher antibody levels among the T2DM participants were associated with mRNA vaccination and a history of COVID-19 illness. The lower antibody response observed among the T2DM participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease suggests that such patients may need antibody level measurement and an additional booster vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Is Asma'ul Haq Hataul
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon 97233, Indonesia
| | - Nanny Natalia M Soetedjo
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Josephine Debora
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Marita Restie Tiara
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Hofiya Djauhari
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Evan Susandi
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Wisaksana
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases (RC3ID), Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
| | - Hikmat Permana
- Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Internal Medicine Department, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
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Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type and Variants of Concern in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Subjects after ChAdOx-1/ChAdOx-1 Homologous Vaccination: A Preliminary Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122176. [PMID: 36560586 PMCID: PMC9781239 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on immunogenicity of adenovirus-vectored vaccine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is limited. Therefore, we aimed to determine the humoral and cellular immune responses after homologous ChAdOx-1 vaccination in subjects with COPD. COPD subjects and age- and sex-matched healthy elderly receiving ChAdOx-1 homologous vaccination were included. The levels of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) and variants of concern (VOCs: Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron) were measured. Eight COPD patients were matched with eight control participants. After vaccination for 4 and 12 weeks, % inhibition of NAb against Alpha, Beta, and Delta in both groups were comparable and significantly higher than baseline. The percentage inhibition of NAb at the 12th week was significantly dropped from the 4th week in each group. The NAb against the Omicron variant, however, were much lower than Alpha, Beta, Delta variants. The increasing trend in the number of CD4 T-cells producing TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, and FasL upon stimulation with spike peptides of WT and VOCs was observed in COPD patients compared to the healthy group. These responses were not observed in CD8 T-cells. Homologous ChAdOx-1 vaccination could induce comparable NAb against the SARS-CoV-2 WT, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants between COPD and healthy elderly. The CD4 T-cell responses did not differ between COPD patients and healthy control.
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