1
|
Cui L, Xu X, Fan H, Wan X, Chen Q, Zhang J, Tao C, Du Z, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zeng J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li L, Bu Y, Lei Y. Reuterin promotes pyroptosis in hepatocellular cancer cells through mtDNA-mediated STING activation and caspase 8 expression. Cancer Lett 2024; 601:217183. [PMID: 39153728 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer with poor prognosis. The available drugs for advanced HCC are limited and substantial therapeutic advances including new drugs and new combination therapies are still in urgent need. In this study, we found that the major metabolite of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), reuterin showed great anti-HCC potential and could help in sorafenib treatment. Reuterin treatment impaired mitophagy and caused the aberrant clustering of mitochondrial nucleoids to block mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and mitochondrial fission, which could promote mtDNA leakage and subsequent STING activation in HCC cells. STING could activate pyroptosis and necroptosis, while reuterin treatment also induced caspase 8 expression to inhibit necroptosis through cleaving RIPK3 in HCC cells. Thus, pyroptosis was the main death form in reuterin-treated HCC cells and STING suppression remarkably rescued the growth inhibitory effect of reuterin and concurrently knockdown caspase 8 synergized to restrain the induction of pyroptosis. In conclusion, our study explains the detailed molecular mechanisms of the antitumor effect of reuterin and reveals its potential to perform as a combinational drug for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xinyan Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Oncology and Department of Palliative Care, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Chuntao Tao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zheng Du
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- College of Life Sciences and Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission of China, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chundong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Longhao Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Youquan Bu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yunlong Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coretti L, Buommino E, Lembo F. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway: a linking bridge between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1433747. [PMID: 39175504 PMCID: PMC11338779 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1433747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a cytosolic receptor and ligand-activated transcription factor widely expressed across various cell types in the body. Its signaling is vital for host responses at barrier sites, regulating epithelial renewal, barrier integrity, and the activities of several types of immune cells. This makes AHR essential for various cellular responses during aging, especially those governing inflammation and immunity. In this review, we provided an overview of the mechanisms by which the AHR mediates inflammatory response at gut and brain level through signals from intestinal microbes. The age-related reduction of gut microbiota functions is perceived as a trigger of aberrant immune responses linking gut and brain inflammation to neurodegeneration. Thus, we explored gut microbiome impact on the nature and availability of AHR ligands and outcomes for several signaling pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases and age-associated decline of brain functions, with an insight on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly. Specifically, we focused on microbial tryptophan catabolism responsible for the production of several AHR ligands. Perspectives for the development of microbiota-based interventions targeting AHR activity are presented for a healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Coretti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Lembo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdelnabi MN, Hassan GS, Shoukry NH. Role of the type 3 cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 in modulating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1437046. [PMID: 39156888 PMCID: PMC11327067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1437046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) comprises a spectrum of liver diseases that span simple steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and fibrosis and may progress to cirrhosis and cancer. The pathogenesis of MASLD is multifactorial and is driven by environmental, genetic, metabolic and immune factors. This review will focus on the role of the type 3 cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 in MASLD pathogenesis and progression. IL-17 and IL-22 are produced by similar adaptive and innate immune cells such as Th17 and innate lymphoid cells, respectively. IL-17-related signaling is upregulated during MASLD resulting in increased chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines in the liver microenvironment, enhanced recruitment of myeloid cells and T cells leading to exacerbation of inflammation and liver disease progression. IL-17 may also act directly by activating hepatic stellate cells resulting in increased fibrosis. In contrast, IL-22 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a dominantly protective signature in MASLD and is currently being tested as a therapeutic strategy. IL-22 also exhibits beneficial metabolic effects and abrogates MASH-related inflammation and fibrosis development via inducing the production of anti-oxidants and anti-apoptotic factors. A sex-dependent effect has been attributed to both cytokines, most importantly to IL-22 in MASLD or related conditions. Altogether, IL-17 and IL-22 are key effectors in MASLD pathogenesis and progression. We will review the role of these two cytokines and cells that produce them in the development of MASLD, their interaction with host factors driving MASLD including sexual dimorphism, and their potential therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N. Abdelnabi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ghada S. Hassan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Naglaa H. Shoukry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang Y, Zhang B, Mauck J, Loor JJ, Wei B, Shen B, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhu X, Wang J. Plasma and milk metabolomics profiles in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6340-6357. [PMID: 38608939 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Ketosis, a commonly observed energy metabolism disorder in dairy cows during the peripartal period, is distinguished by increased concentrations of BHB in the blood. This condition has a negative impact on milk production and quality, causing financial losses. An untargeted metabolomics approach was performed on plasma samples from cows between 5 and 7 DIM diagnosed as controls (CON; BHB <1.2 mM, n = 30), subclinically ketotic (SCK; 1.2 < BHB <3.0 mM, n = 30), or clinically ketotic (CK; BHB >3.0 mM, n = 30). Cows were selected from a commercial farm of 214 Holstein cows (average 305-d yield in the previous lactation of 35.42 ± 7.23 kg/d; parity, 2.41 ± 1.12; BCS, 3.1 ± 0.45). All plasma and milk samples (n = 90) were subjected to liquid chromatography-MS-based metabolomic analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0, MetaboAnalyst 4.0, and R version 4.1.3. Compared with the CON group, both SCK and CK groups had greater milk fat, freezing point, and fat-to-protein ratio, as well as lower milk protein, lactose, solids-not-fat, and milk density. Within 21 d after calving, compared with CON, the SCK group experienced a reduction of 2.65 kg/d in milk yield, while the CK group experienced a decrease of 7.7 kg/d. Untargeted metabolomics analysis facilitated the annotation of a total of 5,259 and 8,423 metabolites in plasma and milk. Differentially affected metabolites were screened in CON versus SCK, CON versus CK, and SCK versus CK (unpaired t-test, false discovery rate <0.05; and absolute value of log(2)-fold change >1.5). A total of 1,544 and 1,888 differentially affected metabolites were detected in plasma and milk. In plasma, glycerophospholipid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis were identified as important pathways. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) indicated that tryptophan metabolism is a key pathway associated with the occurrence and development of ketosis. Increases in 5-hydroxytryptophan and decreases in kynurenine and 3-indoleacetic acid in SCK and CK were suggestive of an impact at the gut level. The decrease of most glycerophospholipids indicated that ketosis is associated with disordered lipid metabolism. For milk, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and fatty acid degradation were identified as important pathways. The WGCNA indicated that purine and pyrimidine metabolism in plasma was highly correlated with milk yield during the peripartal period. Alterations in purine and pyrimidine metabolism characterized ketosis, with lower levels of these metabolites in both milk and blood underscoring reduced efficiency in nitrogen metabolism. Our results may help to establish a foundation for future research investigating mechanisms responsible for the occurrence and development of ketosis in peripartal cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Zhong Ken Mu Dairy (Group) Co. Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
| | - John Mauck
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Bo Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingyu Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yamazaki T, Kouno T, Hsu CL, Hartmann P, Mayo S, Zhang X, Stärkel P, Bosques-Padilla F, Verna EC, Abraldes JG, Brown RS, Vargas V, Altamirano J, Caballería J, Shawcross DL, Louvet A, Lucey MR, Mathurin P, Garcia-Tsao G, Bataller R, Schnabl B. Serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity is associated with survival in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis. Hepatology 2024; 80:403-417. [PMID: 38377466 PMCID: PMC11268475 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) have an altered fecal metabolome, including reduced microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites, which function as ligands for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The aim of this study was to assess serum AhR ligand activity in patients with AH. APPROACH AND RESULTS The study included 74 controls without AUD, 97 patients with AUD, and 330 patients with AH from 2 different multicenter cohorts (InTeam: 134, AlcHepNet: 196). Serum AhR activity was evaluated using an AhR reporter assay with HepG2-Lucia cells incubated with serum for 24 hours. Serum AhR activity was significantly higher in patients with AH compared with both controls (1.59 vs. 0.96-fold change, p < 0.001) and patients with AUD (1.59 vs. 0.93, p < 0.001). In both AH cohorts, patients with AhR activity ≥ 2.09 had significantly lower cumulative survival rates at 30, 60, 90, and 180 days compared to those with AhR activity < 2.09. When serum AhR activity was used to further stratify patients with severe AH, the cumulative 30, 60, 90, and 180-day survival rates for patients with severe AH and the AhR activity ≥ 2.09 group were all significantly lower than those with an AhR activity < 2.09 group. CONCLUSIONS Serum AhR activity was significantly higher in patients with AH compared with controls and individuals with AUD, and this increased activity was associated with higher mortality. Consequently, serum AhR activity holds potential as a prognostic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Yamazaki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kouno
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan Mayo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter Stärkel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, St. Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francisco Bosques-Padilla
- Hospital Universitario, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, México
| | - Elizabeth C. Verna
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan G. Abraldes
- Division of Gastroenterology (Liver Unit), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert S. Brown
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Vargas
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Altamirano
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Caballería
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Debbie L. Shawcross
- Institute of Liver Studies, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandre Louvet
- Service des Maladies de L’appareil Digestif et Unité INFINITE 1286, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Michael R. Lucey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI, USA
| | - Philippe Mathurin
- Service des Maladies de L’appareil Digestif et Unité INFINITE 1286, Hôpital Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Section of Digestive Diseases, VA-CT Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meijnikman AS, Nieuwdorp M, Schnabl B. Endogenous ethanol production in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:556-571. [PMID: 38831008 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiome exerts metabolic actions on distal tissues and organs outside the intestine, partly through microbial metabolites that diffuse into the circulation. The disruption of gut homeostasis results in changes to microbial metabolites, and more than half of the variance in the plasma metabolome can be explained by the gut microbiome. Ethanol is a major microbial metabolite that is produced in the intestine of nearly all individuals; however, elevated ethanol production is associated with pathological conditions such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and auto-brewery syndrome, in which the liver's capacity to metabolize ethanol is surpassed. In this Review, we describe the mechanisms underlying excessive ethanol production in the gut and the role of ethanol catabolism in mediating pathogenic effects of ethanol on the liver and host metabolism. We conclude by discussing approaches to target excessive ethanol production by gut bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Diabeter Centrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yan J, Nie Y, Chen X, Ding M, Zhang S. Mechanistic study of fructus aurantii (Quzhou origin) in regulating ileal reg3g in the treatment for NASH. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155924. [PMID: 39098169 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a critical stage in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by obvious inflammation and fibrosis. Because of its high incidence rate and serious consequences, NASH is becoming a global health problem. The influence of endotoxin translocation on NASH is receiving attention. As a traditional Chinese herb that effectively improves hepatic inflammation, Fructus Aurantii (Quzhou origin, FAQ) is widely used in the clinical treatment of NASH. However, the intervention mechanism of FAQ on reg3g and related endotoxin translocation remains unclear. AIM To study the mechanism of the impact by which ileal regenerating family member 3 gamma (reg3g) deficiency and subsequent endotoxin translocation impact the progression of NASH; To elucidate the efficacy and mechanism of FAQ in the treatment of NASH. METHODS Clinical serum, ileal tissue, and dynamic NASH model-related analyses collectively confirmed that reg3g is a pivotal gene associated with NASH. Reg3g-/- mice were used to assess the impact of reg3g on liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis, as well as the underlying mechanism involved. In vitro studies elucidated the regulatory effects of FAQ on reg3g, intestinal barrier function, and intestinal permeability. Subsequently, the efficacy of FAQ was investigated in NASH mouse models. Pathological examinations combined with Western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and multiplex immunohistochemical (mIHC) analyses were used to evaluate the effects of FAQ on mucosal repair and barrier function. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 4 (FD-4) experiments, coupled with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chromogenic LAL endotoxin assay were used to confirm intestinal permeability and endotoxin translocation. The results of WB and mIHC reflected the levels of endotoxin recruitment and M1 macrophage polarization in the liver. Parameters such as body weight, transaminases, and cholesterol were utilized to assess the metabolic effects of FAQ. RESULTS Decreased expression of reg3g was associated with the progression of NASH. Ileal deficiency in reg3g resulted in damage to the intestinal barrier and permeability, leading to the recruitment of endotoxins via the 'gut-liver' axis to the liver, causing the polarization of M1 macrophages, release of inflammatory factors, excessive inflammation, and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), leading to fibrosis. FAQ significantly upregulated ileal reg3g expression and the expression of intestinal barrier-related proteins tight junction protein 1 (ZO-1) and occludin (OLCN) in mice (p < 0.05), thereby improving intestinal barrier function and permeability. Reduced intestinal permeability led to decreases in endotoxins entering the bloodstream and accumulating in the liver (p < 0.05). The expression of CD68 suggested reduced polarization of M1 macrophages. Expression levels of actin alpha 2, smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins also decreased, indicating improved liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION FAQ ameliorates NASH by upregulating the expression of reg3g. The upregulation of reg3g contributes to the repair of the intestinal barrier and permeability, reducing the recruitment of endotoxins and subsequent polarization of M1 macrophages, excessive inflammation, and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yunmeng Nie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xinli Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Menglu Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (The Xin Hua Hospital of Zhejiang Province), Hangzhou 310000, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of Intestine-Liver of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen C, Cao Z, Lei H, Zhang C, Wu M, Huang S, Li X, Xie D, Liu M, Zhang L, Chen G. Microbial Tryptophan Metabolites Ameliorate Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss by Repairing Intestinal AhR-Mediated Gut-Bone Signaling Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404545. [PMID: 39041942 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Microbial tryptophan (Trp) metabolites acting as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands are shown to effectively improve metabolic diseases via regulating microbial community. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Trp metabolites ameliorate bone loss via gut-bone crosstalk are largely unknown. In this study, supplementation with Trp metabolites, indole acetic acid (IAA), and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), markedly ameliorate bone loss by repairing intestinal barrier integrity in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis mice in an AhR-dependent manner. Mechanistically, intestinal AhR activation by Trp metabolites, especially IAA, effectively repairs intestinal barrier function by stimulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Consequently, enhanced M2 macrophage by supplementation with IAA and IPA secrete large amount of IL-10 that expands from intestinal lamina propria to bone marrow, thereby simultaneously promoting osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, supplementation with Trp metabolites exhibit negligible ameliorative effects on both gut homeostasis and bone loss of OVX mice with intestinal AhR knockout (VillinCreAhrfl/fl). These findings suggest that microbial Trp metabolites may be potential therapeutic candidates against osteoporosis via regulating AhR-mediated gut-bone axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengjing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Denghui Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Imaging, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine), Wuhan, 430060, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuo CH, Wu LL, Chen HP, Yu J, Wu CY. Direct effects of alcohol on gut-epithelial barrier: Unraveling the disruption of physical and chemical barrier of the gut-epithelial barrier that compromises the host-microbiota interface upon alcohol exposure. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:1247-1255. [PMID: 38509796 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of alcohol-associated diseases is multifactorial, mechanism of which involves metabolic alteration, dysregulated immune response, and a perturbed intestinal host-environment interface. Emerging evidence has pinpointed the critical role of the intestinal host-microbiota interaction in alcohol-induced injuries, suggesting its contribution to disease initiation and development. To maintain homeostasis in the gut, the intestinal mucosa serves as the first-line defense against exogenous factors in the gastrointestinal tract, including dietary contents and the commensal microbiota. The gut-epithelial barrier comprises a physical barrier lined with a single layer of intestinal epithelial cells and a chemical barrier with mucus trapping host regulatory factors and gut commensal bacteria. In this article, we review recent studies pertaining to the disrupted gut-epithelial barrier upon alcohol exposure and examine how alcohol and its metabolism can affect the regulatory ability of intestinal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ling Wu
- Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ping Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Health Innovation Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Microbiota Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao C, Jia R, Li XG, Zhao M, Liao W, Zhao S, Xu F, Toldrá F. Musculus senhousei peptides alleviated alcoholic liver injury via the gut-liver axis. Food Funct 2024; 15:7124-7135. [PMID: 38881239 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01070a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury has become a leading threat to human health, with complicated pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. Our previous study showed that Musculus senhousei peptides (MSPs) exhibit protective potential against early-stage alcoholic liver injury, although the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. In this study, histopathological analysis, mRNA abundance of injury-associated biomarkers, the gut microbiota, and faecal metabolome were evaluated using a mouse model subjected to acute alcohol exposure, aiming to identify the mechanism by which MSP can alleviate alcoholic hepatotoxicity. The results showed that MSP intervention significantly ameliorated symptoms of liver injury (suppressed serum ALT increment, hepatic lipid accumulation, and neutrophil infiltration in liver tissue), and reversed the abnormal mRNA abundance of biomarkers associated with oxidative stress (iNOS), inflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-R1, and TLR4), and apoptosis (Bax and Casp. 3) in the liver. Moreover, MSP improved intestinal barrier function by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins (Claudin-1 and Claudin-3). Further analysis of faecal microbiota and metabolome revealed that MSP promoted the growth of tryptophan-metabolizing bacteria (Clostridiales, Alistipes, and Odoribacter), leading to increased production of indole derivatives (indole-3-lactic acid and N-acetyltryptophan). These results suggested that MSPs may alleviate alcohol-induced liver injury targeting the gut-liver axis, and could be an effective option for the prevention of alcoholic liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Xiao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou, 521000, China.
| | - Ruibo Jia
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou, 521000, China.
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou, 521000, China.
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suqing Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Feiran Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Animal Source of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Fidel Toldrá
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC), Avenue Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nie X, Li Q, Chen X, Onyango S, Xie J, Nie S. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Vital contributors to physiology from bacteria to host. Microbiol Res 2024; 284:127733. [PMID: 38678680 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) represent spherical particles with diameters ranging from 20 to 400 nm filled with multiple parental bacteria-derived components, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and other biomolecules. The production of bEVs facilitates bacteria interacting with their environment and exerting biological functions. It is increasingly evident that the bEVs play integral roles in both bacterial and host physiology, contributing to environmental adaptations to functioning as health promoters for their hosts. This review highlights the current state of knowledge on the composition, biogenesis, and diversity of bEVs and the mechanisms by which different bEVs elicit effects on bacterial physiology and host health. We posit that an in-depth exploration of the mechanistic aspects of bEVs activity is essential to elucidate their health-promoting effects on the host and may facilitate the translation of bEVs into applications as novel natural biological nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qiqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xinyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | | | - Junhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang Z, Wells JM, Fogliano V, Capuano E. Microbial tryptophan catabolism as an actionable target via diet-microbiome interactions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38950607 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the role of microbial tryptophan (Trp) catabolism in host-microbiota crosstalk has become a major area of scientific interest. Microbiota-derived Trp catabolites positively contribute to intestinal and systemic homeostasis by acting as ligands of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and pregnane X receptor, and as signaling molecules in microbial communities. Accumulating evidence suggests that microbial Trp catabolism could be therapeutic targets in treating human diseases. A number of bacteria and metabolic pathways have been identified to be responsible for the conversion of Trp in the intestine. Interestingly, many Trp-degrading bacteria can benefit from the supplementation of specific dietary fibers and polyphenols, which in turn increase the microbial production of beneficial Trp catabolites. Thus, this review aims to highlight the emerging role of diets and food components, i.e., food matrix, fiber, and polyphenol, in modulating the microbial catabolism of Trp and discuss the opportunities for potential therapeutic interventions via specifically designed diets targeting the Trp-microbiome axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Huang
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edoardo Capuano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Parthasarathy G, Malhi H, Bajaj JS. Therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome in liver disease. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00932. [PMID: 38922826 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Myriad associations between the microbiome and various facets of liver physiology and pathology have been described in the literature. Building on descriptive and correlative sequencing studies, metagenomic studies are expanding our collective understanding of the functional and mechanistic role of the microbiome as mediators of the gut-liver axis. Based on these mechanisms, the functional activity of the microbiome represents an attractive, tractable, and precision medicine therapeutic target in several liver diseases. Indeed, several therapeutics have been used in liver disease even before their description as a microbiome-dependent approach. To bring successful microbiome-targeted and microbiome-inspired therapies to the clinic, a comprehensive appreciation of the different approaches to influence, collaborate with, or engineer the gut microbiome to coopt a disease-relevant function of interest in the right patient is key. Herein, we describe the various levels at which the microbiome can be targeted-from prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and antibiotics to microbiome reconstitution and precision microbiome engineering. Assimilating data from preclinical animal models, human studies as well as clinical trials, we describe the potential for and rationale behind studying such therapies across several liver diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, cirrhosis, HE as well as liver cancer. Lastly, we discuss lessons learned from previous attempts at developing such therapies, the regulatory framework that needs to be navigated, and the challenges that remain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang L, Ren B, Wu S, Song H, Xiong L, Wang F, Shen X. Current research progress, opportunities, and challenges of Limosillactobacillus reuteri-based probiotic dietary strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38920093 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2369946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Limosillactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), a type of Lactobacillus spp., stands out as the most extensively researched probiotic. Its remarkable intestinal adhesion has led to widespread applications in both the food and medical sectors. Notably, recent research highlights the probiotic efficacy of L. reuteri sourced from breast milk, particularly in influencing social behavior and mitigating atopic dermatitis. In this review, our emphasis is on surveying recent literature regarding the promotion of host's health by L. reuteri. We aim to provide a concise summary of the latest regulatory effects and potential mechanisms attributed to L. reuteri in the realms of metabolism, brain- and immune-related functions. The mechanism through which L. reuteri promotes host health by modulating the intestinal microenvironment primarily involves promoting intestinal epithelial renewal, bolstering intestinal barrier function, regulating gut microbiota and its metabolites, and suppressing inflammation and immune responses. Additionally, this review delves into new technologies, identifies shortcomings, and addresses challenges in current L. reuteri research. Finally, the application prospects of L. reuteri are provided. Therefore, a better understanding of the role and mechanisms of L. reuteri will contribute significantly to the development of new probiotic functional foods and enable precise, targeted interventions for various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luanfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shufeng Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Haizhao Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Xiong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinchun Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mullish BH, Thursz MR. Alcohol-associated liver disease: Emerging therapeutic strategies. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00933. [PMID: 38922808 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The large and growing burden of alcohol-associated liver disease-and the considerable burden of morbidity and mortality associated with it-has been a drive toward ongoing research into novel strategies for its treatment, with a particular focus upon alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). Management of alcohol-use disorder forms the central pillar of alcohol-associated liver disease care, with evidence-based psychological and pharmacological approaches being well established, and certain models demonstrating improved clinical outcomes when hepatology and addiction services are co-located. Corticosteroids have previously been used somewhat indiscriminately in patients with severe AH, but effective tools now exist to assess early response (and limit futile ongoing exposure). Techniques to predict risk of corticosteroid-related infection are also available, although current clinical strategies to mitigate this risk are limited. A variety of novel therapeutic approaches to AH are at different phases of trials and evidence gathering, with some of the most promising signals related to cytokine manipulation, epigenetic modulation, and targeting of the gut microbiota (ie, by means of fecal microbiota transplant). While remaining an ongoing source of debate, early liver transplant in severe AH has grown in interest and acceptability over the past decade as evidence supporting its efficacy builds, in the process challenging paradigms about mandatory pretransplant sobriety periods. However, uncertainty remains regarding the optimal selection criteria, and whether liver transplant has a role for only a highly limited proportion of patients with AH or more widespread application. This review aims to provide an overview of this fast-moving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullish
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Thursz
- Section of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Division of Digestive Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Leclercq S, de Timary P. Role of the Microbiome and the Gut-Brain Axis in Alcohol Use Disorder: Potential Implication for Treatment Development. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38914878 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is constituted by trillions of microorganisms colonizing the human intestine. Studies conducted in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) have shown altered microbial composition related to bacteria, viruses, and fungi.This review describes the communication pathways between the gut and the brain, including the ones related to the bacterial metabolites, the inflammatory cytokines, and the vagus nerve. We described in more detail the gut-derived metabolites that have been shown to be implicated in AUD or that could potentially be involved in the development of AUD due to their immune and/or neuroactive properties, including tryptophan-derivatives, tyrosine-derivatives, short chain fatty acids.Finally, we discussed the potential beneficial effects of microbiome-based therapies for AUD such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotic, and phage therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Leclercq
- Laboratory of Nutritional Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe de Timary
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Roychowdhury S, Pant B, Cross E, Scheraga R, Vachharajani V. Effect of ethanol exposure on innate immune response in sepsis. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:1029-1041. [PMID: 38066660 PMCID: PMC11136611 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder, reported by 1 in 8 critically ill patients, is a risk factor for death in sepsis patients. Sepsis, the leading cause of death, kills over 270,000 patients in the United States alone and remains without targeted therapy. Immune response in sepsis transitions from an early hyperinflammation to persistent inflammation and immunosuppression and multiple organ dysfunction during late sepsis. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogen invasion. Ethanol exposure is known to impair innate and adaptive immune response and bacterial clearance in sepsis patients. Specifically, ethanol exposure is known to modulate every aspect of innate immune response with and without sepsis. Multiple molecular mechanisms are implicated in causing dysregulated immune response in ethanol exposure with sepsis, but targeted treatments have remained elusive. In this article, we outline the effects of ethanol exposure on various innate immune cell types in general and during sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Roychowdhury
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Bishnu Pant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Emily Cross
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Rachel Scheraga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Hospital-Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195, United States
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Integrated Hospital-Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Raya Tonetti F, Eguileor A, Mrdjen M, Pathak V, Travers J, Nagy LE, Llorente C. Gut-liver axis: Recent concepts in pathophysiology in alcohol-associated liver disease. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00873. [PMID: 38691396 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The growing recognition of the role of the gut microbiome's impact on alcohol-associated diseases, especially in alcohol-associated liver disease, emphasizes the need to understand molecular mechanisms involved in governing organ-organ communication to identify novel avenues to combat alcohol-associated diseases. The gut-liver axis refers to the bidirectional communication and interaction between the gut and the liver. Intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis within the gut-liver axis, and this axis plays a significant role in alcohol-associated liver disease. The intricate communication between intestine and liver involves communication between multiple cellular components in each organ that enable them to carry out their physiological functions. In this review, we focus on novel approaches to understanding how chronic alcohol exposure impacts the microbiome and individual cells within the liver and intestine, as well as the impact of ethanol on the molecular machinery required for intraorgan and interorgan communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Raya Tonetti
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alvaro Eguileor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marko Mrdjen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vai Pathak
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jared Travers
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sharma SP, Suk KT. Microbial influence on liver regeneration: understanding gut microbiota and hepatic recovery post partial hepatectomy. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2024; 13:314-316. [PMID: 38617487 PMCID: PMC11007337 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-23-663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
|
20
|
Mou Y, Liao W, Li Y, Wan L, Liu J, Luo X, Shen H, Sun Q, Wang J, Tang J, Wang Z. Glycyrrhizin and the Related Preparations: An Inspiring Resource for the Treatment of Liver Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:315-354. [PMID: 38553799 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Liver diseases and their related complications endanger the health of millions of people worldwide. The prevention and treatment of liver diseases are still serious challenges both in China and globally. With the improvement of living standards, the prevalence of metabolic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, has increased at an alarming rate, resulting in more cases of end-stage liver disease. Therefore, the discovery of novel therapeutic drugs for the treatment of liver diseases is urgently needed. Glycyrrhizin (GL), a triterpene glycoside from the roots of licorice plants, possesses a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. Currently, GL preparations (GLPs) have certain advantages in the treatment of liver diseases, with good clinical effects and fewer adverse reactions, and have shown broad application prospects through multitargeting therapeutic mechanisms, including antisteatotic, anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, antifibrotic, anticancer, and drug interaction activities. This review summarizes the currently known biological activities of GLPs and their medical applications in the treatment of liver diseases, and highlights the potential of these preparations as promising therapeutic options and their alluring prospects for the treatment of liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Lina Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Xialing Luo
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Hongping Shen
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, P. R. China
| | - Qin Sun
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bishan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, P. R. China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu X, Zhao H, Wong A. Accounting for the health risk of probiotics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27908. [PMID: 38510031 PMCID: PMC10950733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have long been associated with a myriad of health benefits, so much so that their adverse effects whether mild or severe, are often neglected or overshadowed by the enormous volume of articles describing their beneficial effects in the current literature. Recent evidence has demonstrated several health risks of probiotics that warrant serious reconsideration of their applications and further investigations. This review aims to highlight studies that report on how probiotics might cause opportunistic systemic and local infections, detrimental immunological effects, metabolic disturbance, allergic reactions, and facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance. To offer a recent account of the literature, articles within the last five years were prioritized. The narration of these evidence was based on the nature of the studies in the following order of preference: clinical studies or human samples, in vivo or animal models, in situ, in vitro and/or in silico. We hope that this review will inform consumers, food scientists, and medical practitioners, on the health risks, while also encouraging research that will focus on and clarify the adverse effects of probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, China
- Department of Biology, Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean, University, 1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ, 07083, USA
| | - Haiyi Zhao
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, China
- Department of Biology, Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean, University, 1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ, 07083, USA
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, China
- Department of Biology, Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean, University, 1000 Morris Ave, Union, NJ, 07083, USA
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Lab for Applied Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Informatics, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325060, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scarlata GGM, Colaci C, Scarcella M, Dallio M, Federico A, Boccuto L, Abenavoli L. The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Diseases 2024; 12:69. [PMID: 38667527 PMCID: PMC11048950 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease. This term covers a broad spectrum of liver lesions, from simple steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of ALD is multifactorial and not fully elucidated due to complex mechanisms related to direct ethanol toxicity with subsequent hepatic and systemic inflammation. The accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines promote the development and progression of ALD. To date, there are no targeted therapies to counter the progression of chronic alcohol-related liver disease and prevent acute liver failure. Corticosteroids reduce mortality by acting on the hepatic-systemic inflammation. On the other hand, several studies analyzed the effect of inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulating anti-inflammatory cytokines as potential therapeutic targets in ALD. This narrative review aims to clarify the role of the main cytokines involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Colaci
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.G.M.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Marialaura Scarcella
- Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Nutritional Science, Azienda Ospedaliera “Santa Maria”, Via Tristano di Joannuccio, 05100 Terni, Italy;
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Hepatogastroenterology Division, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Doctoral Program, School of Nursing, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.G.M.S.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qu X, Song Y, Li Q, Xu Q, Li Y, Zhang H, Cheng X, Mackay CR, Wang Q, Liu W. Indole-3-acetic acid ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via the ERK signaling pathway. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:288-299. [PMID: 38489148 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Microbiota-derived catabolism of nutrients is closely related to ulcerative colitis (UC). The level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a microbiota-dependent metabolite of tryptophan, was decreased significantly in the feces of UC patients. Thus supplementation with IAA could be a potential therapeutic method for ameliorating colitis. In this work, the protective effect of supplementation with IAA on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was evaluated, and the underlying mechanism was elucidated. The results indicated that the administration of IAA significantly relieved DSS-induced weight loss, reduced the disease activity index (DAI), restored colon length, alleviated intestinal injury, and improved the intestinal tight junction barrier. Furthermore, IAA inhibited intestinal inflammation by reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and promoting the production of IL-10 and TGF-β1. In addition, the ERK signaling pathway is an important mediator of various physiological processes including inflammatory responses and is closely associated with the expression of IL-10. Notably, IAA treatment induced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which is involved in the progression of colitis, while the ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated the beneficial effects of IAA. In summary, IAA could attenuate the clinical symptoms of colitis, and the ERK signaling pathway was involved in the underlying mechanism. Supplementation with IAA could be a potential option for preventing or ameliorating UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Qu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Song
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Qingjun Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yanru Li
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Quanbo Wang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Active Pharmaceutical Constituents Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang Z, Chen K, Liu Y, Wang X, Wang S, Hao B. Regulation and analysis of Simiao Yong'an Decoction fermentation by Bacillus subtilis on the diversity of intestinal microbiota in Sprague-Dawley rats. Vet World 2024; 17:712-719. [PMID: 38680148 PMCID: PMC11045531 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.712-719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Simiao Yong'an decoction (SYD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription that has the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain. In this study, we investigated the effect of SYD on the diversity of intestinal microbiota after fermentation by Bacillus subtilis. Materials and Methods SYD was fermented using B. subtilis. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following four groups with six rats in each group: Negative sample group (NS), water exaction non-fermentation group (WE), B. subtilis group (BS), and fermentation liquid group (FL). All rats were orally administered for 14 days. High-throughput Illumina sequencing was used to analyze 16S rRNA expression in rat fecal samples. Results A total of 2782 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) were identified in this study, and 634 OTUs were shared among all samples. Bacteroidetes (28.17%-53.20%) and Firmicutes (48.35%-67.83%) were the most abundant phyla identified among the four groups. The abundance of Escherichia and Alistipes was lower in the FL group than in the NS group, whereas the abundance of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus was increased in the FL group (p < 0.05). The abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly upregulated in the FL group compared with the WE and BS groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion After fermentation, SYD had a significantly better effect than SYD or B. subtilis. SYD significantly promoted the growth of intestinal probiotics, inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and maintained the balance of intestinal microbiota in SD rats. This study provides new insights into the development and use of SYD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Z, Liu T, Zhang Z, Fan Y. Bacillus coagulans regulates gut microbiota and ameliorates the alcoholic-associated liver disease in mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1337185. [PMID: 38596381 PMCID: PMC11002907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1337185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcoholic-associated liver diseases (ALD) are now widespread issues worldwide. Alcoholic-induced chronic dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is one of the factors in the pathophysiology of ALD. Methods In this work, we employed a chronic-binge ethanol feeding mice model, as described in a previous report. Results Our findings demonstrate that hepatic inflammatory injury damage and accumulation of fat can be effectively reduced in mice with ALD by altering the gut microbiota utilizing Bacillus coagulans. Treatment with B. coagulans significantly modulates the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-22 cytokines while maintaining tight junction proteins and mucin protein expressions to support intestinal barrier function restoration. Treatment with B. coagulans also alters the composition of the gut microbiota and increases the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Discussion This is mostly due to B. coagulans promotes the growth of bacteria that produce SCFAs, such as Ruminococcus species and Akkermansia, while inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia Shigella. Moreover, treatment with B. coagulans causes levels of 2-Ketobutyric acid, ketoleucine, and indoleacetic acid increase while homovanillic acid and 3'-O-Methylguanosine metabolites decrease significantly. This study facilitates the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for ALD using lactic acid bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yurong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gaudino SJ, Singh A, Huang H, Padiadpu J, Jean-Pierre M, Kempen C, Bahadur T, Shiomitsu K, Blumberg R, Shroyer KR, Beyaz S, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A, Kumar P. Intestinal IL-22RA1 signaling regulates intrinsic and systemic lipid and glucose metabolism to alleviate obesity-associated disorders. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1597. [PMID: 38383607 PMCID: PMC10881576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-22 is critical for ameliorating obesity-induced metabolic disorders. However, it is unknown where IL-22 acts to mediate these outcomes. Here we examine the importance of tissue-specific IL-22RA1 signaling in mediating long-term high fat diet (HFD) driven metabolic disorders. To do so, we generated intestinal epithelium-, liver-, and white adipose tissue (WAT)-specific Il22ra1 knockout and littermate control mice. Intestinal epithelium- and liver-specific IL-22RA1 signaling upregulated systemic glucose metabolism. Intestinal IL-22RA1 signaling also mediated liver and WAT metabolism in a microbiota-dependent manner. We identified an association between Oscillibacter and elevated WAT inflammation, likely induced by Mmp12 expressing macrophages. Mechanistically, transcription of intestinal lipid metabolism genes is regulated by IL-22 and potentially IL-22-induced IL-18. Lastly, we show that Paneth cell-specific IL-22RA1 signaling, in part, mediates systemic glucose metabolism after HFD. Overall, these results elucidate a key role of intestinal epithelium-specific IL-22RA1 signaling in regulating intestinal metabolism and alleviating systemic obesity-associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Gaudino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Huakang Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jyothi Padiadpu
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Makheni Jean-Pierre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cody Kempen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Tej Bahadur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Shiomitsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Richard Blumberg
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kenneth R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Semir Beyaz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mackowiak B, Fu Y, Maccioni L, Gao B. Alcohol-associated liver disease. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e176345. [PMID: 38299591 PMCID: PMC10836812 DOI: 10.1172/jci176345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and comprises a spectrum of several different disorders, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and superimposed hepatocellular carcinoma. Although tremendous progress has been made in the field of ALD over the last 20 years, the pathogenesis of ALD remains obscure, and there are currently no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of ALD. In this Review, we discuss new insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of ALD, utilizing the study of multiomics and other cutting-edge approaches. The potential translation of these studies into clinical practice and therapy is deliberated. We also discuss preclinical models of ALD, interplay of ALD and metabolic dysfunction, alcohol-associated liver cancer, the heterogeneity of ALD, and some potential translational research prospects for ALD.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bourinet M, Anty R, Gual P, Luci C. Roles of innate lymphoid cells in metabolic and alcohol-associated liver diseases. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100962. [PMID: 38304237 PMCID: PMC10831956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been identified as potent regulators of inflammation, cell death and wound healing, which are the main biological processes involved in the progression of chronic liver disease. Obesity and chronic alcohol consumption are the leading contributors to chronic liver diseases in developed countries, due to inappropriate lifestyles. In particular, inflammation is a key factor in these liver abnormalities and promotes the development of more severe lesions such as fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Opposite roles of ILC subsets have been described in the development of chronic liver disease, depending on the stage and aetiology of the disease. The heterogeneous family of ILCs encompasses cytotoxic natural killer cells, the cytokine-producing type 1, 2 and 3 ILCs and lymphoid tissue inducer cells. Dysfunction of these immune cells provokes uncontrolled inflammation and tissue damage, which are the basis for tumour development. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent and putative roles of ILC subsets in obesity and alcohol-associated liver diseases, which are currently the major contributors to end-stage liver complications such as fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bourinet
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Carmelo Luci
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rodrigues SG, van der Merwe S, Krag A, Wiest R. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases. Semin Immunol 2024; 71:101859. [PMID: 38219459 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana G Rodrigues
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Schalk van der Merwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre for Liver Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Niu B, Pan T, Xiao Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Tian F, Lu W, Chen W. The therapeutic potential of dietary intervention: based on the mechanism of a tryptophan derivative-indole propionic acid on metabolic disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38189263 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2299744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) contributes to individual immune homeostasis and good condition via three complex metabolism pathways (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), kynurenine (KP), and gut microbiota pathway). Indole propionic acid (IPA), one of the TRP derivatives of the microbiota pathway, has raised more attention because of its impact on metabolic disorders. Here, we retrospect increasing evidence that TRP metabolites/IPA derived from its proteolysis impact host health and disease. IPA can activate the immune system through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and/or Pregnane X receptor (PXR) as a vital mediator among diet-caused host and microbe cross-talk. Different levels of IPA in systemic circulation can predict the risk of NAFLD, T2DM, and CVD. IPA is suggested to alleviate cognitive impairment from oxidative damage, reduce gut inflammation, inhibit lipid accumulation and attenuate the symptoms of NAFLD, putatively enhance the intestinal epithelial barrier, and maintain intestinal homeostasis. Now, we provide a general description of the relationships between IPA and various physiological and pathological processes, which support an opportunity for diet intervention for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li M, Han X, Sun L, Liu X, Zhang W, Hao J. Indole-3-acetic acid alleviates DSS-induced colitis by promoting the production of R-equol from Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2329147. [PMID: 38528729 PMCID: PMC10968315 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2329147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by immune-mediated, chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. The occurrence of IBD is driven by the complex interactions of multiple factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of IAA in colitis. METHOD C57/BL6 mice were administered 2.5% DSS in drinking water to induce colitis. IAA, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, and R-equol were administered by oral gavage and fed a regular diet. The Disease Activity Index was used to evaluate disease activity. The degree of colitis was evaluated using histological morphology, RNA, and inflammation marker proteins. CD45+ CD4+ FOXP3+ Treg and CD45+ CD4+ IL17A+ Th17 cells were detected by flow cytometry. Analysis of the gut microbiome in fecal content was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gut microbiome metabolites were analyzed using Untargeted Metabolomics. RESULT In our study, we found IAA alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by altering the gut microbiome. The abundance of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum significantly increased in the IAA treatment group. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum ATCC25526 alleviates DSS-induced colitis by increasing the ratio of Foxp3+T cells in colon tissue. R-equol alleviates DSS-induced colitis by increasing Foxp3+T cells, which may be the mechanism by which ATCC25526 alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that IAA, an indole derivative, alleviates DSS-induced colitis by promoting the production of Equol from Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, which provides new insights into gut homeostasis regulated by indole metabolites other than the classic AHR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kumar MS. Paneth cell: The missing link between obesity, MASH and portal hypertension. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102259. [PMID: 38070827 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health crisis, with its prevalence steadily rising over the past few decades. One concerning consequence of obesity is its association with metabolic associated steatohepatitis [MASH], portal hypertension and liver cirrhosis. Cirrhosis is irreversible, but stages of liver disease before the development of cirrhosis are reversible with appropriate interventions. Studies have brought into light new entities that influences the pathophysiology of portal hypertension. This review provides evidence supporting that, Paneth cells[PCs] in the intestinal epithelium, which remained enigmatic for a century, are the maneuverer of pathophysiology of portal hypertension and obesity. PC dysfunction can cause perturbation of the intestinal microbiota and changes in intestinal permeability, which are the potential triggers of systemic inflammation. Thus, it can offer unique opportunities to understand the pathophysiology of portal hypertension for intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minu Sajeev Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Government Medical College, Thiruvanathapuram, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li M, Ding Y, Wei J, Dong Y, Wang J, Dai X, Yan J, Chu F, Zhang K, Meng F, Ma J, Zhong W, Wang B, Gao Y, Yang R, Liu X, Su X, Cao H. Gut microbiota metabolite indole-3-acetic acid maintains intestinal epithelial homeostasis through mucin sulfation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2377576. [PMID: 39068517 PMCID: PMC11285290 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2377576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The global incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are gradually increasing. A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to disrupt intestinal homeostasis and aggravate IBD, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Here, a positive correlation between dietary fat intake and disease severity in both IBD patients and murine colitis models is observed. A HFD induces a significant decrease in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and leads to intestinal barrier damage. Furthermore, IAA supplementation enhances intestinal mucin sulfation and effectively alleviates colitis. Mechanistically, IAA upregulates key molecules involved in mucin sulfation, including 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2 (Papss2) and solute carrier family 35 member B3 (Slc35b3), the synthesis enzyme and the transferase of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). More importantly, AHR can directly bind to the transcription start site of Papss2. Oral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri, which can produce IAA, contributes to protecting against colitis and promoting mucin sulfation, while the modified L. reuteri strain lacking the iaaM gene (LactobacillusΔiaaM) and the ability to produce IAA fail to exhibit such effects. Overall, IAA enhances intestinal mucin sulfation through the AHR-Papss2-Slc35b3 pathway, contributing to the protection of intestinal homfeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiyun Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingge Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Feifei Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Department of Immunology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bloom PP, Bajaj JS. The Current and Future State of Microbiome Therapeutics in Liver Disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2024; 119:S36-S41. [PMID: 38153225 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yu L, Zhou Y, Sun S, Wang R, Yu W, Xiao H, Yu Z, Luo C. Tumor-suppressive effect of Reg3A in COAD is mediated by T cell activation in nude mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115922. [PMID: 38011786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerating family protein 3 A (Reg3A) is highly expressed in a variety of organs and inflammatory tissues, and is closely related to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, clinical statistics show that high expression of Reg3A is associated with better prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, suggesting a tumor-suppressive effect. The precise action and underlying mechanism of Reg3A in CRC remain controversial. The present study sought to investigate the relationship among Reg3A expression, CRC development, and immune cell alteration in patients using the TCGA, GEPIA, PrognoScan, TIMER and TISIDB databases. Reg3A-overexpressing LoVo cell line (LoVo-Reg3A), a representative of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), was constructed and the action of Reg3A was assessed in a xenograft nude mouse model. Our bioinformatical analyses revealed that Reg3A upregulation is highly associated with CRC, along with increased frequency of immune cell infiltration. In the xenograft nude mice, Reg3A overexpression offered a tumor-suppressive effect by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The result of RNA-seq suggested a positive regulation of leukocytes and an upregulation of T cells in LoVo-Reg3A tumor tissue. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumors, splenic Reg3A-reactive IFN-γ+/CD4+ T cells, and serum TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 were significantly increased by Reg3A overexpression. In the ex vivo co-culture experiment, elevated cytotoxic effect, increased proportion of CD3ε+ T cells, and upregulated expressions of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-17 were detected in the PBMCs isolated from LoVo-Reg3A cell-xenografted nude mice. In conclusion, high expression of Reg3A could activate and recruit T cells in COAD leading to the cytotoxic tumor-suppressive effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luting Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China; School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihan Zhou
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaozheng Sun
- College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Runlin Wang
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weihong Yu
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyu Xiao
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuxi Yu
- Department of critical care medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chen Luo
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Nature Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen HJ, Huang TX, Jiang YX, Chen X, Wang AF. Multifunctional roles of inflammation and its causative factors in primary liver cancer: A literature review. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:1258-1271. [PMID: 38223416 PMCID: PMC10784815 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i12.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a severe and complex disease, leading to 800000 global deaths annually. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation is one of the critical factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and steatohepatitis symptoms are at higher risk of developing HCC. However, not all inflammatory factors have a pathogenic function in HCC development. The current study describes the process and mechanism of hepatitis development and its progression to HCC, particularly focusing on viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and steatohepatitis. Furthermore, the roles of some essential inflammatory cytokines in HCC progression are described in addition to a summary of future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Xiong Huang
- School of Clinical Medical, Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu-Xi Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, The Yuhuan Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuhuan 317600, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ai-Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, The Yuhuan Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuhuan 317600, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hu Z, Feng L, Jiang Q, Wang W, Tan B, Tang X, Yin Y. Intestinal tryptophan metabolism in disease prevention and swine production. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:364-374. [PMID: 38058568 PMCID: PMC10695851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized by animals. It has been characterized into two different isomers, levorotation-Trp (L-Trp) and dextrorotation-Trp (D-Trp), based on their distinct molecule orientation. Intestinal epithelial cells and gut microbiota are involved in metabolizing L-Trp in the gut via the activation of the kynurenine, serotonin, and indole pathways. However, knowledge regarding D-Trp metabolism in the gut remains unclear. In this review, we briefly update the current understanding of intestinal L/D-Trp metabolism and the function of their metabolites in modulating the gut physiology and diseases. Finally, we summarize the effects of Trp nutrition on swine production at different stages, including growth performance in weaned piglets and growing pigs, as well as the reproduction performance in sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Hu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Luya Feng
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Bi'e Tan
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xiongzhuo Tang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang K, Zhou M, Si H, Ma J. Gut microbiota-mediated IL-22 alleviates metabolic inflammation. Life Sci 2023; 334:122229. [PMID: 37922980 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation, also known as metabolic inflammation, promotes the development of metabolic diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that changes in gut microbes and metabolites disrupt the integrity of the gut barrier and exert significant effects on the metabolism of various tissues, including the liver and adipose tissue, thereby contributing to metabolic inflammation. We observed that IL-22 is a key signaling molecule that serves as a bridge between intestinal microbes and the host, effectively alleviating metabolic inflammation by modulating the host immunomodulatory network. Here, we focused on elucidating the underlying mechanisms by which the gut microbiota and their metabolites reduce inflammation via IL-22, highlighting the favorable impact of IL-22 on metabolic inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of IL-22 as a therapeutic target for the management of metabolic inflammation and related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China; Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang M, Feng X, Zhao Y, Lan Y, Xu H. Indole-3-acetamide from gut microbiota activated hepatic AhR and mediated the remission effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P101 on alcoholic liver injury in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:10535-10548. [PMID: 37947440 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03585a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease is a prevalent condition resulting from excessive alcohol consumption, characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. This study delved into the protective effects and mechanisms of L. plantarum P101 on alcoholic liver injury in mice. As a result, L. plantarum P101 intervention reduced ALT and AST release, indicative of hepatocyte injury alleviation, while enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT. A reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 levels were observed in the L. plantarum P101-intervened mouse liver, signifying reduced inflammation within the mice. Furthermore, L. plantarum P101 intervention altered the gut microbial composition, primarily marked by an increase in Bacteroidota abundance, along with significant enrichment of beneficial bacteria, including Coprostanoligenes, Blautia and Lactiplantibacillus. Correlation analysis unveiled connections between serum tryptophan metabolites and the altered gut microbiota genera, suggesting that gut microbiota-driven effects may extend to extraintestinal organs through their metabolites. Intriguingly, serum indole-3-acetamide (IAM) was elevated by L. plantarum P101-regulated gut microbiota. Subsequently, the role of IAM in ameliorating alcoholic injury was explored using HepG2 cells, where it bolstered cell viability and attenuated EtOH-induced oxidative damage. Concomitantly, IAM activated the gene and protein expression of AhR in cells. Likewise, hepatic AhR expression in mice subjected to L. plantarum P101 significantly up-regulated, possibly instigated by gut microbiota-mediated IAM. Collectively, L. plantarum P101 orchestrates a modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites, particularly IAM, to activate AhR, thereby alleviating alcoholic liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R. China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R. China.
| | - Yuzhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R. China.
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, P.R. China.
- International Institute of Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330299, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Guo Q, Yan Y, Zhang Z, Xu B, Bangash HL, Sui X, Yang Y, Zhou Z, Zhao S, Peng N. Developing the Limosilactobacillus reuteri Chassis through an Endogenous Programmable Endonuclease-Based Genome Editing Tool. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3487-3496. [PMID: 37934952 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Using genetically tractable probiotics to engineer live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) for disease treatment is urgently needed. Limosilactobacillus reuteri is an important vertebrate gut symbiont, which has great potential for developing LBPs. However, in L. reuteri, synthetic biology work is largely limited by the long editing cycle. In this study, we identified a subtype II-A CRISPR-Cas9 system in L. reuteri 03 and found the endogenous Cas9 (LrCas9) recognizing a broad protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence (3'-NDR; N = A, G, T, C; D = A, G, T; R = A, G). We reprogrammed the LrCas9 for efficient gene deletion (95.46%), point mutation (86.36%), large fragment deletion (40 kb), and gene integration (1743 bp, 73.9%), which uncovered the function of the repeated conserved domains in mucus-binding protein. Moreover, we analyzed the distribution of endogenous endonucleases in 304 strains of L. reuteri and found the existence of programmable endonucleases in 98.36% of L. reuteri strains suggesting the potential to reprogram endogenous endonucleases for genetic manipulation in the majority of L. reuteri strains. In conclusion, this study highlights the development of a new probiotic chassis based on endogenous endonucleases in L. reuteri 03, which paves the way for the development of genome editing tools for functional genetic studies in other L. reuteri. We believe that the development of an endogenous endonuclease-based genetic tool will greatly facilitate the construction of LBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiujin Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yiting Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025 Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Boya Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hina Lqbal Bangash
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sui
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Shumiao Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Nan Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fu X, Xiu Z, Xu H. Interleukin-22 and acute pancreatitis: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35695. [PMID: 37933011 PMCID: PMC10627694 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases, and it is divided into 3 types according to its severity:mild acute pancreatitis, moderately severe acute pancreatitis, and severe acute pancreatitis. The mortality in severe acute pancreatitis is approximately 15% to 30% due to multiorgan dysfunction and the lack of specific treatment. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a member of the Interleukin-10 family, and it can activate several downstream signaling pathways by binding to its receptor complex, thus it is involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Some studies have reported the elevated level of IL-22 in patients with AP, which suggests IL-22 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AP. And many studies have shown that IL-22 had a protective effect against AP. This article reviews the characteristics and mechanism of IL-22 and its role in AP to provide insight into the treatment of AP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Gastroenterology center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Zhigang Xiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Guo P, Wang S, Yue H, Zhang X, Ma G, Li X, Wei W. Advancement of Engineered Bacteria for Orally Delivered Therapeutics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302702. [PMID: 37537714 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of bacteria and their biotic components as therapeutics has shown great potential in the treatment of diseases. Orally delivered bacteria improve patient compliance compared with injection-administered bacteria and are considered the preferred mode. However, due to the harsh gastrointestinal environment, the viability and therapeutic efficacy of orally delivered bacteria are significantly reduced in vivo. In recent years, with the rapid development of synthetic biology and nanotechnology, bacteria and biotic components have been engineered to achieve directed genetic reprogramming for construction and precise spatiotemporal control in the gastrointestinal tract, which can improve viability and therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a state-of-the-art review on the current progress of engineered bacterial systems for oral delivery is provided. The different types of bacterial and biotic components for oral administration are first summarized. The engineering strategies of these bacteria and biotic components and their treatment of diseases are next systematically summarized. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of these bacterial therapeutics are highlighted that will contribute to the development of next-generation orally delivered bacteriotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jiang Z, Jiang P, Ji S, Su D, Xu G, Zhang M. Research progress on Limosilactibacilus reuteri in diseases. Microbiol Res 2023; 276:127482. [PMID: 37660453 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Limosilactibacilus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a gram-positive probiotic that does not produce peroxidase. Certain strains of L. reuteri have been approved for use in human health products in China. The probiotic mechanism of L. reuteri in organisms can be divided into two directions: first, L. reuteri directly regulates the gut microbiota and indirectly affecting the host; second, L. reuteri secretes substances that directly affect the host. Numerous studies have shown that a deficiency in this commensal bacterium is associated with various diseases in different systems (such as inflammation in the digestive system, systemic lupus erythematosus in the autoimmune system, metabolic syndrome in the endocrine system, and mastitis in the reproductive system). However, although recent studies have found that L. reuteri can also promote disease progression, but overall, it is more beneficial than harmful in general. Further, more in-depth experiments are needed to determine whether L. reuteri should be removed from probiotics in the future. In this review, we provide an overview of the research history of L. reuteri and conclude with the main mechanisms through which this intestinal symbiont can improve health or aggravate diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoru Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Siqi Ji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Dan Su
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, Watertown 02472, MA, United States
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hsu CL, Schnabl B. The gut-liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:719-733. [PMID: 37316582 PMCID: PMC10794111 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine are important regulators of health, and disruptions in the gut microbial communities can cause disease. The gut, liver and immune system have a symbiotic relationship with these microorganisms. Environmental factors, such as high-fat diets and alcohol consumption, can disrupt and alter microbial communities. This dysbiosis can lead to dysfunction of the intestinal barrier, translocation of microbial components to the liver and development or progression of liver disease. Changes in metabolites produced by gut microorganisms can also contribute to liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the importance of the gut microbiota in maintenance of health and the alterations in microbial mediators that contribute to liver disease. We present strategies for modulation of the intestinal microbiota and/or their metabolites as potential treatments for liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mrdjen M, Huang E, Pathak V, Bellar A, Welch N, Dasarathy J, Streem D, McClain CJ, Mitchell M, Radaeva S, Barton B, Szabo G, Dasarathy S, Wang Z, Hazen SL, Brown JM, Nagy LE. Dysregulated meta-organismal metabolism of aromatic amino acids in alcohol-associated liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0284. [PMID: 37820283 PMCID: PMC10578770 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption impairs gut barrier function and perturbs the gut microbiome. Although shifts in bacterial communities in patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) have been characterized, less is known about the interactions between host metabolism and circulating microbe-derived metabolites during the progression of ALD. METHODS A large panel of gut microbiome-derived metabolites of aromatic amino acids was quantified by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography with online tandem mass spectrometry in plasma from healthy controls (n = 29), heavy drinkers (n = 10), patients with moderate (n = 16) or severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (n = 40), and alcohol-associated cirrhosis (n = 10). RESULTS The tryptophan metabolites, serotonin and indole-3-propionic acid, and tyrosine metabolites, p-cresol sulfate, and p-cresol glucuronide, were decreased in patients with ALD. Patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis and alcohol-associated cirrhosis had the largest decrease in concentrations of tryptophan and tyrosine-derived metabolites compared to healthy control. Western blot analysis and interrogation of bulk RNA sequencing data from patients with various liver pathologies revealed perturbations in hepatic expression of phase II metabolism enzymes involved in sulfonation and glucuronidation in patients with severe forms of ALD. CONCLUSIONS We identified several metabolites decreased in ALD and disruptions of hepatic phase II metabolism. These results indicate that patients with more advanced stages of ALD, including severe alcohol-associated hepatitis and alcohol-associated cirrhosis, had complex perturbations in metabolite concentrations that likely reflect both changes in the composition of the gut microbiome community and the ability of the host to enzymatically modify the gut-derived metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mrdjen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vai Pathak
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Annette Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Welch
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaividhya Dasarathy
- Department of Family Medicine, Metro Health Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David Streem
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Cleveland Clinic Lutheran Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mack Mitchell
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Svetlana Radaeva
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bruce Barton
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen Z, Jin W, Hoover A, Chao Y, Ma Y. Decoding the microbiome: advances in genetic manipulation for gut bacteria. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1143-1161. [PMID: 37394299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the gut microbiota have revealed associations between specific bacterial species or community compositions with health and disease, yet the causal mechanisms underlying microbiota gene-host interactions remain poorly understood. This is partly due to limited genetic manipulation (GM) tools for gut bacteria. Here, we review current advances and challenges in the development of GM approaches, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas and transposase-based systems in either model or non-model gut bacteria. By overcoming barriers to 'taming' the gut microbiome, GM tools allow molecular understanding of host-microbiome associations and accelerate microbiome engineering for clinical treatment of cancer and metabolic disorders. Finally, we provide perspectives on the future development of GM for gut microbiome species, where more effort should be placed on assembling a generalized GM pipeline to accelerate the application of groundbreaking GM tools in non-model gut bacteria towards both basic understanding and clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; The Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenbing Jin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alex Hoover
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanjie Chao
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health (CMDH), CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Choi IY, Oh JH, Wang Z, van Pijkeren JP. Bioluminescent monitoring of recombinant lactic acid bacteria and their products. mBio 2023; 14:e0119723. [PMID: 37668408 PMCID: PMC10653940 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01197-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lactic acid bacteria constitute a genetically diverse group of microorganisms with significant roles in the food industry, biotechnology, agriculture, and medicine. A core understanding of bacterial physiology in diverse environments is crucial to select and develop bacteria for industrial and medical applications. However, there is a lack of versatile tools to track (recombinant) protein production in lactic acid bacteria. In this study, we adapted a peptide-based bioluminescent tagging system that is functional across multiple genera and species. This system enables tracking of tagged proteins both in vitro and in situ, while it also can be used to enumerate recombinant bacteria from the mouse gastrointestinal tract with accuracy comparable to that of conventional plate counts. Our work expands the lactic acid bacteria genetic toolbox and will facilitate researchers in industry and academia with opportunities to monitor microbes and proteins under different physiologically relevant conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Young Choi
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jee-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Ranhotra HS. Discrete interplay of gut microbiota L-tryptophan metabolites in host biology and disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04867-0. [PMID: 37861881 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04867-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota and the host maintain a conjoint relationship and together achieve optimal physiology via a multitude of interactive signalling cues. Dietary-derived L-tryptophan (L-trp) is enzymatically metabolized by the resident symbiotic gut microbiota to indole and various indole derivatives. Indole and indole metabolites secreted by the gut bacteria act locally in the intestinal cells as well as distally and modulate tissue-specific functions which are beneficial to the host. Functions attributed to these microbial indole metabolites in the host include regulation of intestinal permeability, immunity and mucosal roles, inflammation, and insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, dysregulation of gut microbiota L-trp metabolism compromises the optimal availability of indole and indole metabolites and can induce the onset of metabolic disorders, inflammation, liver steatosis, and decrease gut barrier integrity. Gut dysbiosis is regarded as one of the prime reasons for this deregulated microbial-derived indole metabolites. A number of indole metabolites from the gut bacteria have been identified recently displaying variable affinity towards xenobiotic nuclear receptors. Microbial metabolite mimicry concept can be used to design and develop novel indole-moiety-containing compounds with higher affinity towards the receptors and efficacy in preclinical studies. Such compounds may serve as therapeutic drugs in clinical trials in the future. In this article, I review L-trp metabolism in the host and gut microbiota and the various physiological functions, patho-physiologies associated with the microbial-released indole metabolites in the host, including the metabolite mimicry-based concept to develop tailored indole-containing novel experimental drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harmit S Ranhotra
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Edmund's College, Shillong, 793 003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yue R, Wei X, Hao L, Dong H, Guo W, Sun X, Zhao J, Zhou Z, Zhong W. Promoting intestinal antimicrobial defense and microbiome symbiosis contributes to IL-22-mediated protection against alcoholic hepatitis in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1289356. [PMID: 37908362 PMCID: PMC10613651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hepatoprotective effect of interleukin 22 (IL-22) has been reported in several models of liver injuries, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). However, the intestinal role of IL-22 in alcoholic hepatitis remains to be elucidated. Methods Intestinal IL-22 levels were measured in mice fed with alcohol for 8 weeks. IL-22 was then administered to alcohol-fed mice to test its protective effects on alleviating alcoholic hepatitis, focusing on intestinal protection. Acute IL-22 treatment was conducted in mice to further explore the link between IL-22 and the induction of antimicrobial peptide (AMP). Intestinal epithelial cell-specific knockout of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mice were generated and used for organoid study to explore its role in IL-22-mediated AMP expression and gut barrier integrity. Results After alcohol feeding for 8 weeks, the intestinal levels of IL-22 were significantly reduced in mice. IL-22 treatment to alcohol-fed mice mitigated liver injury as indicated by normalized serum transaminase levels, improved liver histology, reduced lipid accumulation, and attenuated inflammation. In the intestine, alcohol-reduced Reg3γ and α-defensins levels were reversed by IL-22 treatment. IL-22 also improved gut barrier integrity and decreased endotoxemia in alcohol-fed mice. While alcohol feeding significantly reduced Akkermansia, IL-22 administration dramatically expanded this commensal bacterium in mice. Regardless of alcohol, acute IL-22 treatment induced a fast and robust induction of intestinal AMPs and STAT3 activation. By using in vitro cultured intestinal organoids isolated from WT mice and mice deficient in intestinal epithelial-STAT3, we further demonstrated that STAT3 is required for IL-22-mediated AMP expression. In addition, IL-22 also regulates intestinal epithelium differentiation as indicated by direct regulation of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 via STAT3. Conclusion Our study suggests that IL-22 not only targets the liver but also benefits the intestine in many aspects. The intestinal effects of IL-22 include regulating AMP expression, microbiota, and gut barrier function that is pivotal in ameliorating alcohol induced translocation of gut-derived bacterial pathogens and liver inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Yue
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Liuyi Hao
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Haibo Dong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Wei Guo
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Xinguo Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Antony MA, Chowdhury A, Edem D, Raj R, Nain P, Joglekar M, Verma V, Kant R. Gut microbiome supplementation as therapy for metabolic syndrome. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1502-1513. [PMID: 37970133 PMCID: PMC10642415 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i10.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is defined as an ecological community of commensal symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms that exist in our body. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is a condition of dysregulated and disrupted intestinal bacterial homeostasis, and recent evidence has shown that dysbiosis is related to chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and obesity. It is well known that obesity, T2DM and CVD are caused or worsened by multiple factors like genetic predisposition, environmental factors, unhealthy high calorie diets, and sedentary lifestyle. However, recent evidence from human and mouse models suggest that the gut microbiome is also an active player in the modulation of metabolic syndrome, a set of risk factors including obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia that increase the risk for CVD, T2DM, and other diseases. Current research aims to identify treatments to increase the number of beneficial microbiota in the gut microbiome in order to modulate metabolic syndrome by reducing chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. There is increasing interest in supplements, classified as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, or postbiotics, and their effect on the gut microbiome and metabolic syndrome. In this review article, we have summarized current research on these supplements that are available to improve the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota and to reduce the harmful ones in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mc Anto Antony
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Aniqa Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Dinesh Edem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK 72205, United States
| | - Rishi Raj
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pikeville Medical Center, Pikeville, KY 41501, United States
| | - Priyanshu Nain
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi 110002, India
| | - Mansi Joglekar
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Vipin Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical University of South Carolina/AnMed Campus, Anderson, SC 29621, United States
| |
Collapse
|