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Jaffer S, Noble M, Pozgay A, Randhawa V, Gulati M, Mensour E, Parast N, Tegg N, Theberge E, Harchaoui EK, Mulvagh SL. The Development of a Chest-Pain Protocol for Women Presenting to the Emergency Department. CJC Open 2024; 6:517-529. [PMID: 38487055 PMCID: PMC10935692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women worldwide, and of premature death in women in Canada. Despite improvements in cardiovascular care over the past 15-20 years, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and CVD mortality continue to increase among women in Canada. Chest pain is a common symptom leading to emergency department visits for both men and women. However, women with ACS experience worse outcomes. compared with those of men, due to misdiagnosis or lack of diagnosis resulting in delayed care and underuse of guideline-directed medical therapies. CVD mortality rates are highest in Indigenous and racialized women and those with a disproportionately high number of adverse social determinants of health. CVD remains underrecognized, underdiagnosed, undertreated, and underresearched in women. Moreover, a lack of awareness of unique symptoms, clinical presentations, and sex-and-gender specific CVD risk factors, by healthcare professionals, leads to outcome disparities. In response to this knowledge gap, in acute recognition and management of chest-pain syndromes in women, the Canadian Women's Heart Health Alliance performed a needs assessment and review of CVD risk factors and ACS pathophysiology, through a sex and gender lens, and then developed a unique chest-pain assessment protocol utilizing modified dynamic programming algorithmic methodology. The resulting algorithmic protocol is presented. The output is intended as a quick reference algorithm that could be posted in emergency departments and other acute-care settings. Next steps include protocol implementation evaluation and impact assessment on CVD outcomes in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Jaffer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Anita Pozgay
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Varinder Randhawa
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martha Gulati
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Emma Mensour
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nazli Parast
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Tegg
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Alberta, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie Theberge
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Sharon L. Mulvagh
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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2
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Clinical outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention: A Korean nationwide cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281067. [PMID: 36787310 PMCID: PMC9928100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the short-and long-term prognosis of patients with and without RA who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS The Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database was used to extract data on 236,134 patients (34,493 with RA and 201,641 without RA) who underwent PCI between 2008 and 2019. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or coronary revascularization with short-term (30-day) and long-term outcomes. The secondary outcomes were the individual components of MACE. RESULTS During a 10-year follow-up, patients with RA showed a shorter median survival time from MACE than their counterparts (with RA: 4.29 years vs. without RA: 6.10 years). RA was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs in long-term outcomes (hazard ratio (HR) 1.07, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.06-1.09, p<0.001), but not with short-term outcomes (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.06, p = 0.222). RA was an independent predictor of an increased risk of all the MACE components. CONCLUSION In patients who underwent PCI, RA did not increase the risk of short-term cardiovascular outcomes but increased the risk of long-term adverse outcomes.
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Mulvagh SL, Mullen KA, Nerenberg KA, Kirkham AA, Green CR, Dhukai AR, Grewal J, Hardy M, Harvey PJ, Ahmed SB, Hart D, Levinsson AL, Parry M, Foulds HJ, Pacheco C, Dumanski SM, Smith G, Norris CM. The Canadian Women’s Heart Health Alliance Atlas on the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women — Chapter 4: Sex- and Gender-Unique Disparities: CVD Across the Lifespan of a Woman. CJC Open 2021; 4:115-132. [PMID: 35198930 PMCID: PMC8843896 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Women have unique sex- and gender-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that can present or evolve over their lifespan. Pregnancy-associated conditions, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and menopause can increase a woman’s risk of CVD. Women are at greater risk for autoimmune rheumatic disorders, which play a role in the predisposition and pathogenesis of CVD. The influence of traditional CVD risk factors (eg, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, physical inactivity, depression, anxiety, and family history) is greater in women than men. Finally, there are sex differences in the response to treatments for CVD risk and comorbid disease processes. In this Atlas chapter we review sex- and gender-unique CVD risk factors that can occur across a woman’s lifespan, with the aim to reduce knowledge gaps and guide the development of optimal strategies for awareness and treatment.
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Pepe M, Napoli G, Carulli E, Moscarelli M, Forleo C, Nestola PL, Biondi-Zoccai G, Giordano A, Favale S. Autoimmune diseases in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A risk factor for in-stent restenosis? Atherosclerosis 2021; 333:24-31. [PMID: 34418682 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite the relation between autoimmune diseases and increased atherosclerotic risk is established, the influence of autoimmune disorders on in-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is only partly known. ISR is an aberrant reparative process mainly characterized by an increased number of vascular smooth muscle cells and excessive deposition of extracellular proteoglycans and type III collagen. Chronic inflammation, always present in autoimmune diseases, modulates the endothelial response to PCI. Aim of this review is to resume the current evidence on the association between ISR and autoimmune diseases, focusing on pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on the relationship between ISR and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), antiphospholipid-antibodies syndrome (APS), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). RESULTS Patients affected with IDDM, RA, SLE, APS, IBD and HT proved to face higher rates of ISR compared to the general population. The endothelial dysfunction seems the principal common pathogenic pathway for ISR and is attributed to both the immune system disorder and the systemic inflammation. Some evidence suggested that methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor treatments can be effective in reducing ISR, while antibodies against vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 showed to reduce neointimal hyperplasia in animal models. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune diseases are a risk factor for ISR. The study of the potential cardiovascular benefits of the current therapies, mainly anti-inflammatory drugs, and the pursuit of innovative treatments appear of paramount interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martino Pepe
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, Bari (BA), 70120, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Napoli
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, Bari (BA), 70120, Italy
| | - Eugenio Carulli
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, Bari (BA), 70120, Italy
| | - Marco Moscarelli
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital GVM Care & Research, Via Via Corriera 1,Cotignola, 48033, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, Bari (BA), 70120, Italy
| | - Palma Luisa Nestola
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, Bari (BA), 70120, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Republica 79, Latina, 04100,Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Via Orazio 2, Napoli, 80122, Napoli, Italy
| | - Arturo Giordano
- Invasive Cardiology Unit, "Pineta Grande" Hospital, Via Domitiana km 30, Castel Volturno, 81030, Caserta, Italy
| | - Stefano Favale
- Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare 11, Bari (BA), 70120, Italy
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5
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Marcusohn E, Zukermann R, Kerner A, Roguin A, Kobo O. Long-term outcomes of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases after percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 98:E655-E660. [PMID: 34259378 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the long-term outcomes of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS A Retrospective cohort study of all adult patients who underwent PCI in a large tertiary care center from January 2002 to August 2020. RESULTS A total of 12,951 patients underwent PCI during the study period and were included in the cohort. The population of chronic inflammatory diseases includes 247 (1.9%) patients; 70 with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and 173 with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD). The composite endpoint of mortality, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or admission due to acute heart failure was similar at 30 days and more frequent in the inflammatory disease group (42.8% in AIRD group, 35.7% in the IBD group and 29.6% in the noninflammatory group, p < 0.0001). The adjusted cox regression model found a statistically significant increased risk of the composite primary endpoints of around 40% for patients both with AIRD and IBD. Readmission due to ACS was also increases at 30 days in the AIRD group compared to the noninflammatory group (0.6% vs. 0.1%, p < 0.001) and 1 year (37.6% for the AIRD group, 34.3% in the IBD group and 25.5% in the noninflammatory group (p < 0.0001). Patients with inflammatory diseases were found to have a significantly increased risk congestive heart failure admissions at 1 year in a subgroup analysis of patients with myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION Patients with AIRD and IBD are at higher risk for cardiovascular events in long-term follow up once diagnosed with CAD and treated with PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erez Marcusohn
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Robert Zukermann
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arthur Kerner
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport - Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ariel Roguin
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.,Rappaport - Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofer Kobo
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
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6
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Liu X, Zhang R, Fu G, Sun Y, Wu J, Zhang M, Tian J, Gu X, Zheng Y, Shi C, Hou J, Yu B. Methotrexate Therapy Promotes Cell Coverage and Stability in in-Stent Neointima. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:915-925. [PMID: 33394362 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-proliferative drugs released from drug-eluting stents delay cell coverage and vascular healing, which increases the risk of late stent thrombosis. We assessed the potential effects of systemic methotrexate (MTX) on cell coverage, vascular healing and inflammation activation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS We applied MTX in the right common carotid artery in a rabbit stenting model to determine the impact on cell coverage and inflammation activation using a serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis and elucidated the molecular mechanism of MTX in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS Low-dose MTX promoted the development of cell coverage and vascular healing, which was associated with fewer uncovered struts (%) and cross-sections with any uncovered struts (%) at 4 weeks of stenting. The MTX group also exhibited lower rates of heterogeneity, microvessels and per-strut low-signal-intensity layers, indicating neointimal instability at 12 weeks of stenting. In vitro, low-dose MTX strongly inhibited HUVEC apoptosis, promoted proliferation and inhibited inflammatory activation by targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signalling pathway. CONCLUSION Low-dose MTX may be a key means of promoting early cell coverage via the inhibition of the inflammatory response and stability of neointima by targeting inflammatory pathways after stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchundong Road No. 3, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchundong Road No. 3, Jianggan District, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Jinwei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Chengming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Jingbo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Xuefu Road No. 246, Nangang District, Harbin, China. .,Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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7
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Løgstrup BB, Ellingsen T, Pedersen AB, Darvalics B, Olesen KKW, Bøtker HE, Maeng M. Cardiovascular risk and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis compared with diabetes mellitus and the general population. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 60:1400-1409. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To compare risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with incident RA, diabetes mellitus (DM) and the general population (GP).
Methods
Patients diagnosed with incident RA were matched 1:5 by age, sex and year of RA diagnosis with the GP. In the same period, patients with incident DM were included. Outcomes were heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), coronary revascularization, stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death up to 10 years after diagnosis.
Results
We included 15 032 patients with incident RA, 301 246 patients with DM and 75 160 persons from the GP. RA patients had an increased risk of HF [hazard ratio (HR) 1.51, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.64], MI (HR 1.58, 95% CI: 1.43, 1.74), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI; HR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.62), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG; HR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.62) and stroke (HR 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12–1.33) compared with the GP. However, the 10-year all-cause mortality was at the same level as observed in the GP. Cardiac death and MACE were increased in RA compared with the GP. When compared with patients with DM, RA patients had a lower adjusted risk of HF (HR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.85), CABG (HR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.76) and stroke (HR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.89), and similar risk of MI and PCI. DM patients had the highest risk of 10-year mortality, cardiac death and MACE.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that RA is associated with an increased risk of HF, MI, stroke and coronary revascularization than found in the GP but without reaching the risk levels observed in DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Løgstrup
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torkell Ellingsen
- Clinic for Rational and Innovative Patient Pathways, Diagnostic Center, Regional Hospital Silkeborg, Silkeborg, Denmark
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alma B Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bianka Darvalics
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kevin K W Olesen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Maeng
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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Martinez SC, Mohamed M, Potts J, Abhishek A, Roddy E, Savage M, Bharadwaj A, Kwok CS, Bagur R, Mamas MA. Percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:2512-2522. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Patients with autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD) are at an increased risk of coronary artery disease. The present study sought to examine the prevalence and outcomes of AIRD patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from a national perspective.
Methods
All PCI-related hospitalizations recorded in the US National Inpatient Sample (2004–2014) were included, stratified into four groups: no AIRD, RA, SLE and SSc. We examined the prevalence of AIRD subtypes and assessed their association with in-hospital adverse events using multivariable logistic regression [odds ratios (OR) (95% CI)].
Results
Patients with AIRD represented 1.4% (n = 90 469) of PCI hospitalizations. The prevalence of RA increased from 0.8% in 2004 to 1.4% in 2014, but other AIRD subtypes remained stable. In multivariable analysis, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of in-hospital complications [aOR any complication 1.13 (95% CI 1.01, 1.26), all-cause mortality 1.32 (1.03, 1.71), bleeding 1.50 (1.30, 1.74), stroke 1.36 (1.14, 1.62)] were significantly higher in patients with SSc compared with those without AIRD. There was no difference in complications between the SLE and RA groups and those without AIRD, except higher odds of bleeding in SLE patients [aOR 1.19 (95% CI 1.09, 1.29)] and reduced odds of all-cause mortality in RA patients [aOR 0.79 (95% CI 0.70, 0.88)].
Conclusion
In a nationwide cohort of US hospitalizations, we demonstrate increased rates of all adverse clinical outcomes following PCI in people with SSc and increased bleeding in SLE. Management of such patients should involve a multiteam approach with rheumatologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Martinez
- Division of Cardiology, Providence St. Peter Hospital, Olympia, WA, USA
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, UK
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Jessica Potts
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, UK
| | | | - Edward Roddy
- School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, UK
- Haywood Academic Rheumatology Centre, Midland Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Haywood Hospital, Burslem, UK
| | - Michael Savage
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Chun Shing Kwok
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, UK
- Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Rodrigo Bagur
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, UK
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, UK
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9
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Kobo O, Mohamed MO, Farmer AD, Alraies CM, Patel T, Sharma K, Nolan J, Bagur R, Roguin A, Mamas MA. Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (from a Nationwide Cohort). Am J Cardiol 2020; 130:30-36. [PMID: 32665130 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk of ischemic heart disease. However, there is limited evidence on how their outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compare with those without IBD. All PCI-related hospitalizations from the National Inpatient Sample from 2004 to 2015 were included, stratified into 3 groups: no-IBD, Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). We assessed the association between IBD subtypes and in-hospital outcomes. A total of 6,689,292 PCI procedures were analyzed, of which 0.3% (n = 18,910) had an IBD diagnosis. The prevalence of IBD increased from 0.2% (2004) to 0.4% (2015). Patients with IBD were less likely to have conventional cardiovascular risk factors and more likely to undergo PCI for an acute indication, and to receive bare metal stents. In comparison to patients without IBD, those with IBD had reduced or similar adjusted odds ratios (OR) of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (CD OR 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62 to 0.78; UC OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.85), mortality (CD: OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.11; UC OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.45) or acute cerebrovascular accident (CD: OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.89; UC: OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.15). However, IBD patients had an increased odds for major bleeding (CD: OR 1.42 95% CI 1.23 to 1.63, and UC: OR 1.35 95% CI 1.16 to 1.58). In summary, IBD is associated with a decreased risk of in-hospital post-PCI complications other than major bleeding that was significantly higher in this group. Long term follow-up is required to evaluate the safety of PCI in IBD patients from both bleeding and ischemic perspectives.
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10
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Immunotherapy for the rheumatoid arthritis-associated coronary artery disease: promise and future. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 132:2972-2983. [PMID: 31855971 PMCID: PMC6964948 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To review the latest progress on the pathogenic mechanism and management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated coronary artery disease (CAD), and propose advice on future management optimization as well as prospects for research and development of new therapeutic regimen. Data sources: This study was based on data obtained from PubMed up to May 2019 using various search terms and their combinations, including coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, cardiovascular diseases, RA, rheumatic diseases, treatment, therapy, strategies, immunotherapy, inflammation, and anti-inflammation. Study selection: All retrieved literature was scrutinized, most relevant articles about the pathogenic mechanism and clinical management, especially anti-inflammatory therapy of RA-associated CAD were reviewed. Results: RA is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory disease which has a great social disease burden. In addition to typical arthritic manifestations, RA also affects extra-articular tissues and organs, within which the involvement of the cardiovascular system, especially incorporating CAD, is the leading cause of death for patients with RA. Recently, numerous basic and clinical studies have been carried out on the mechanism of CAD development and progression under the inflammatory cascade of RA. The effect of traditional RA drugs on CAD risk management has been gradually clarified, and more emerging biologic agents are being explored and studied, which have also achieved satisfactory outcomes. Furthermore, with the success of the CANTOS clinical trial, novel anti-inflammatory therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease is believed to have a broad prospect. Conclusions: RA is an independent risk factor for CAD, which mainly results from the underlying inflammatory cascade; therefore, anti-inflammatory therapy, especially the emerging novel biologic drugs, is important for CAD management in patients with RA and may also be a promising approach among the general population.
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11
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Wang H, Li X, Gong G. Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with co-existing coronary artery disease and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19658. [PMID: 32243398 PMCID: PMC7440102 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through this analysis, we aimed to systematically compare the cardiovascular outcomes observed in patients with co-existing coronary artery disease (CAD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Mendeley, Web of Science (WOS), MEDLINE, Cochrane central, EMBASE, Google scholar, and http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for English-based publications on CAD and RA. Selective cardiovascular outcomes were the endpoints in this analysis. The statistical software RevMan 5.3 was used for data assessment. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to represent each subgroup analysis. RESULTS One thousand four hundred forty six (1446) participants had co-existing CAD and RA whereas 205,575 participants were in the control group (only CAD without RA). This current analysis showed that the risk of asymptomatic or stable angina was similar in CAD patients with versus without RA (RR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.84 - 1.14; P = .78). However, all-cause mortality (RR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.34 - 1.61; P = 0.00001), cardiac death (RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.05 - 2.17; P = .03) and congestive heart failure (RR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.27 - 1.56; P = .00001) were significantly higher in CAD patients with RA. However, multi-vessel disease (RR: 2.03, 95% CI: 0.57 - 7.26; P = .28), positive stress test (RR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.70 - 4.08; P = .24), and ischemic events (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.81 - 1.71; P = .40) were similar in both groups. The risk for myocardial infarction, repeated revascularization, and the probability of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.75 - 1.93; P = .45) were also similar in CAD patients with versus without RA. When we considered outcomes only in those patients who underwent revascularization by PCI, all-cause mortality (RR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.29 - 1.60; P = .00001) was still significantly higher in CAD patients with RA. CONCLUSIONS This analysis showed a significantly higher mortality risk in CAD patients with RA when compared to the control group. Congestive heart failure also significantly manifested more in CAD patients with co-existing RA. However, the risks all the other cardiovascular outcomes were similar in both groups. Nevertheless, due to the several limitations of this analysis, this hypothesis should be confirmed in forthcoming trials based on larger numbers of CAD patients with co-existing RA.
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Sparks JA, Lesperance T, Accortt NA, Solomon DH. Subsequent Cardiovascular Events Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, or Psoriasis: Patterns of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Treatment. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 71:512-520. [PMID: 29799667 PMCID: PMC6252288 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) treatments and estimate the risk of a subsequent cardiovascular (CV) event following an initial CV event in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), or psoriasis. Methods We analyzed data from MarketScan claims databases (January 1, 2006 to June 30, 2015) for adults with RA, PsA, or psoriasis and an initial/index CV event (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or coronary revascularization) while receiving DMARDs (tumor necrosis factor inhibitor [TNFi] biologic DMARDs [bDMARDs], conventional synthetic DMARDs [csDMARDs], or non‐TNFi bDMARDs). We studied DMARD treatment patterns following the index event and rates of subsequent CV events. We used Cox regression to investigate predictors of DMARD discontinuation and risk factors for subsequent CV events. Results Among 10,254 patients, 15.3% discontinued and 15.5% switched DMARD therapy after the index CV event. Independent predictors of DMARD discontinuation included a psoriasis diagnosis, renal disease, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, older age, and baseline csDMARD or non‐TNFi bDMARD use (versus TNFi bDMARDs). Rates per 1,000 patient‐years of subsequent events were 75.2 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 54.4–96.0) for patients taking TNFi bDMARDs, 83.6 (95% CI 53.3–113.9) for csDMARDs, and 122.4 (95% CI 60.6–184.3) for non‐TNFi bDMARDs. A diagnosis of RA (versus psoriasis) and heart failure at baseline, but not a DMARD pattern after the index event, were independently associated with an increased risk of subsequent CV event. Conclusion In this large nationwide study, nearly one‐third of patients with RA, PsA, or psoriasis switched or discontinued DMARD therapy following a CV event. There was no association between DMARD class and the risk of a subsequent CV event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Sparks
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Daniel H Solomon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Ma G, Zhao H, Fei Y, Shen A, Chen H, Li H. Autoimmune Diseases May Increase Adverse Cardiovascular Events After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2018; 28:1510-1524. [PMID: 30126788 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcomes of patients with autoimmune diseases after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as compared to those without autoimmune disease, remain unclear. METHODS We searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from their inception to 1 April 2017. All studies comparing the following outcomes of patients with and without autoimmune diseases after PCI were included: long-term mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), repeat revascularisation, myocardial ischaemia or myocardial infarction (MI), restenosis, and in-hospital mortality. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) and the quality assessment form of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (USA) (AHRQ) were used for assessing the risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was rated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included in our analysis. Compared with patients without autoimmune diseases, those with autoimmune diseases carried an increased risk of MACEs (relative risk (RR): 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-4.16; heterogeneity: p=0.128, I2=56.9%), repeat revascularisation (RR: 1.66, 95% CI 95%: 1.01-2.72; heterogeneity: p=0.057, I2=65.1%), ischaemia or MI (RR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.38-5.65; heterogeneity: p=0.871, I2=0.0%), and restenosis (RR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.39-3.07; heterogeneity: p=0.665, I2=0.0%) during the one-year follow-up after PCI, and carried an increased risk of MACEs (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.17) and death (RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.25-1.51) during the 11-year follow-up after PCI. CONCLUSIONS Evidence of very low quality showed that during the one-year follow-up period, patients with autoimmune diseases after PCI were more likely to experience MACEs, repeat revascularisation, myocardial ischaemia or MI, and restenosis. During the 11-year follow-up period, patients with autoimmune diseases after PCI were more likely to die. It is therefore important to watch for restenosis, repeat ischaemia or MI and other adverse events more carefully in patients with autoimmune diseases after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ma
- Department of Heart Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiang Zhao
- Department of Heart Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Fei
- Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Aidong Shen
- Department of Heart Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Heart Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Heart Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Krasselt M, Baerwald C. Sex, Symptom Severity, and Quality of Life in Rheumatology. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 56:346-361. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-017-8631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Johar D, Bernstein L. A targeted approach toward more accurate assessment of hypertension. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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