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Rougerie L, Charbit J, Mezzarobba M, Leone M, Duclos G, Meaudre E, Cungi PJ, Bartoli C, Thierry GR, Roger C, Muller L. Epidemiology of civilian's gunshot wound injuries admitted to intensive care unit: A retrospective, multi-center study. Injury 2024; 55:111735. [PMID: 39153311 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2024.111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies investigated the outcome of patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) for gunshot wounds (GSW). The purpose of this study was to determine the 28-day mortality, and to analyze the impact of variables on the mortality of patients admitted to ICU with GSW in four French University Hospitals level-1 regional trauma centers. METHOD All medical files of adult patients (above fifteen years old) admitted to four French University Hospitals level-1 regional trauma centers for GSW were retrospectively analyzed from January 1st 2015 to June 30th 2021. The primary aim was to determine 28-day death rate of patients admitted in ICU for GSW. The secondary aim was to describe biological parameters, injuries and management of patients admitted to our ICUs, and to identify the variables associated with the 28-day mortality rate. A multivariate analysis allowed determining independent mortality factors. A Kaplan-Meier analysis compared mortality according to head injury. RESULTS Among 17,262 patients screened, 173 (1 %) were admitted for GSW and 162 were analyzed. The 28-day mortality rate was 24.7 %. 77.5 % of deaths occurred within the first 48 h after ICU admission, and 87.5 % of deaths within three days of ICU admission. The 28-day death rate of patients with head injury was significantly higher as compared to patients without head injury (p < 0.001). Out of forty deaths, twenty-three (57.5 %) were due to head injury, and nine (22.5 %) were due to bleeding. The mechanisms were assault (45.1 %), suicide (34.6 %), accident (4.9 %) and unidentified (15.4 %). In a multivariate analysis, variables associated with the 28-day death rate were age, pre-hospital Glasgow coma score, and Injury Severity Score. CONCLUSION GSW represented 1 % of ICU admission. The 28-day mortality rate was 24.7 %. 77.5 % of deaths occurred within the first 48 h due to head injuries and bleeding. Head injuries were associated with significantly higher mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Rougerie
- Trauma Critical Care Unit, Montpellier University Hospital, F-34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; OcciTRAUMA network, Regional network of medical organization and management for severe trauma in Occitanie, France
| | - Jonathan Charbit
- Trauma Critical Care Unit, Montpellier University Hospital, F-34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; OcciTRAUMA network, Regional network of medical organization and management for severe trauma in Occitanie, France
| | - Myriam Mezzarobba
- UR-UM103 IMAGINE, University of Montpellier, Division of Anaesthesia Critical Care, Pain and Emergency Medicine, Nimes University Hospital, Montpellier, France; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), CHU Nimes, IDESP, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Department of anesthesiology and intensive care unit, North hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Gary Duclos
- Department of anesthesiology and intensive care unit, North hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Meaudre
- Critical Care Unit, Sainte Anne Military Teaching Hospital, Toulon, France
| | | | - Christophe Bartoli
- Forensic Department, AP-HM, La Timone, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
| | | | - Claire Roger
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive care and Emergency medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, 30000 Nîmes, France; University of Montpellier, France; OcciTRAUMA network, Regional network of medical organization and management for severe trauma in Occitanie, France
| | - Laurent Muller
- Department of Anesthesia, Intensive care and Emergency medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, 30000 Nîmes, France; University of Montpellier, France; OcciTRAUMA network, Regional network of medical organization and management for severe trauma in Occitanie, France.
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Dare AJ, Irving H, Guerrero-López CM, Watson LK, Kolpak P, Reynales Shigematsu LM, Sanches M, Gomez D, Gelband H, Jha P. Geospatial, racial, and educational variation in firearm mortality in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia, 1990-2015: a comparative analysis of vital statistics data. LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 4:e281-e290. [PMID: 31126800 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Firearm mortality is a leading, and largely avoidable, cause of death in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia. We aimed to assess the changes over time and demographic determinants of firearm deaths in these four countries between 1990 and 2015. METHODS In this comparative analysis of firearm mortality, we examined national vital statistics data from 1990-2015 from four publicly available data repositories in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia. We extracted medically-certified deaths and underlying population denominators to calculate the age-specific and sex-specific firearm deaths and the risk of firearm mortality at the national and subnational level, by education for all four countries, and by race or ethnicity for the USA and Brazil. Analyses were stratified by intent (homicide, suicide, unintentional, or undetermined). We quantified avoidable mortality for each country using the lowest number of subnational age-specific and period-specific death rates. FINDINGS Between 1990 and 2015, 106·3 million medically-certified deaths were recorded, including 2 472 000 firearm deaths, of which 851 000 occurred in the USA, 272 000 in Mexico, 855 000 in Brazil, and 494 000 in Colombia. Homicides accounted for most of the firearm deaths in Mexico (225 000 [82·7%]), Colombia (463 000 [93·8%]), and Brazil (766 000 [89·5%]). Suicide accounted for more than half of all firearm deaths in the USA (479 000 [56·3%]). In each country, firearm mortality was highest among men aged 15-34 years, accounting for up to half of the total risk of death in that age group. During the study period, firearm mortality risks increased in Mexico and Brazil but decreased in the USA and Colombia, with marked national and subnational geographical variation. Young men with low educational attainment were at increased risk of firearm homicide in all four countries, and in the USA and Brazil, black and brown men, respectively, were at the highest risk. The risk of firearm homicide was 14 times higher in black men in the USA aged 25-34 years with low educational attainment than comparably-educated white men (1·52% [99% CI 1·50-1·54] vs 0·11% [0·10-0·12]), and up to four times higher than in comparably-educated men in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico. In the USA, the risk of firearm homicide was more than 30 times higher in black men with post-secondary education than comparably educated white men. If countries could achieve the same firearm mortality rates nationally as in their lowest-burden states, 1 777 800 firearm deaths at all ages and in both sexes could be avoided, including 1 028 000 deaths in men aged 15-34 years. INTERPRETATION Firearm mortality in the USA, Mexico, Brazil, and Colombia is highest among young adult men, and is strongly associated with race and ethnicity, and low education levels. Reductions in firearm deaths would improve life expectancy, particularly for black men in the USA, and would reduce racial and educational disparities in mortality. FUNDING Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the University of Toronto Connaught Global Challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J Dare
- Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hyacinth Irving
- Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Leah K Watson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patrycja Kolpak
- Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marcos Sanches
- Biostatistical Consulting Unit, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Gomez
- Department of Surgery, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hellen Gelband
- Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Global Health Consulting, Takoma, MD, USA
| | - Prabhat Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Richmond TS, Foman M. Firearm Violence: A Global Priority for Nursing Science. J Nurs Scholarsh 2018; 51:229-240. [PMID: 30215887 DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This purpose of this article is to frame firearm violence as a health and public health problem, to illustrate the magnitude of the problem, to examine factors that increase the risk to be injured by a firearm, or conversely, that confer protection, and to identify relevant priority areas for nursing science. ORGANIZING CONSTRUCT Firearm violence results in physical and psychological injuries and is a global health priority. Firearm violence is categorized as intentional (interpersonal and self-inflicted) and unintentional (interpersonal and self-inflicted) and accounts for an estimated 196,000 to 220,000 nonconflict deaths annually. METHODS We reviewed the theoretical and scientific literature to analyze the magnitude and geographic distribution of firearm violence, the factors associated with firearm injury, the consequences of firearm violence, and areas where nursing science can make an impact on prevention, outcomes, and recovery. FINDINGS Firearm violence is a significant public health problem that affects the health of individuals, families, and communities. The burdens and contributors to firearm violence vary worldwide, making it important to understand the local context of this global phenomenon. Relevant areas of inquiry span primary prevention focusing on individual and environmental risk factors; and focus on managing the physical and psychological consequences postinjury; and mitigating long-term consequences of firearm violence. CONCLUSIONS Reducing the global burden of firearm violence and improving the health and safety of individuals, families, and communities provide compelling reasons to integrate this area into nursing science. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The goals of nursing are to keep people healthy and safe and to help return those injured to their optimal levels of health and well-being. Understanding the factors that come together to injure people with a firearm in various physical, social, economic, and cultural environments positions nurses to both extend the dialogue beyond pro-gun versus anti-gun and to design and carry out rigorous studies to reduce firearm violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese S Richmond
- Andrea B. Laporte Professor of Nursing, Associate Dean for Research & Innovation, Biobehavioral Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Injury Science Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Foman
- Research Assistant, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Student, History and Sociology of Science Department, School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Branas CC, Kondo MC, Murphy SM, South EC, Polsky D, MacDonald JM. Urban Blight Remediation as a Cost-Beneficial Solution to Firearm Violence. Am J Public Health 2016; 106:2158-2164. [PMID: 27736217 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2016.303434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if blight remediation of abandoned buildings and vacant lots can be a cost-beneficial solution to firearm violence in US cities. METHODS We performed quasi-experimental analyses of the impacts and economic returns on investment of urban blight remediation programs involving 5112 abandoned buildings and vacant lots on the occurrence of firearm and nonfirearm violence in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 1999 to 2013. We adjusted before-after percent changes and returns on investment in treated versus control groups for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Abandoned building remediation significantly reduced firearm violence -39% (95% confidence interval [CI] = -28%, -50%; P < .05) as did vacant lot remediation (-4.6%; 95% CI = -4.2%, -5.0%; P < .001). Neither program significantly affected nonfirearm violence. Respectively, taxpayer and societal returns on investment for the prevention of firearm violence were $5 and $79 for every dollar spent on abandoned building remediation and $26 and $333 for every dollar spent on vacant lot remediation. CONCLUSIONS Abandoned buildings and vacant lots are blighted structures seen daily by urban residents that may create physical opportunities for violence by sheltering illegal activity and illegal firearms. Urban blight remediation programs can be cost-beneficial strategies that significantly and sustainably reduce firearm violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles C Branas
- Charles C. Branas is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. Michelle C. Kondo is with the US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia. Sean M. Murphy is with the Department of Health Policy and Administration, Washington State University, Spokane. Eugenia C. South is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine. Daniel Polsky is with the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, the Wharton School of Business, and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. John M. MacDonald is with the Department of Criminology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia
| | - Michelle C Kondo
- Charles C. Branas is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. Michelle C. Kondo is with the US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia. Sean M. Murphy is with the Department of Health Policy and Administration, Washington State University, Spokane. Eugenia C. South is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine. Daniel Polsky is with the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, the Wharton School of Business, and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. John M. MacDonald is with the Department of Criminology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia
| | - Sean M Murphy
- Charles C. Branas is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. Michelle C. Kondo is with the US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia. Sean M. Murphy is with the Department of Health Policy and Administration, Washington State University, Spokane. Eugenia C. South is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine. Daniel Polsky is with the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, the Wharton School of Business, and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. John M. MacDonald is with the Department of Criminology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia
| | - Eugenia C South
- Charles C. Branas is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. Michelle C. Kondo is with the US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia. Sean M. Murphy is with the Department of Health Policy and Administration, Washington State University, Spokane. Eugenia C. South is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine. Daniel Polsky is with the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, the Wharton School of Business, and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. John M. MacDonald is with the Department of Criminology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia
| | - Daniel Polsky
- Charles C. Branas is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. Michelle C. Kondo is with the US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia. Sean M. Murphy is with the Department of Health Policy and Administration, Washington State University, Spokane. Eugenia C. South is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine. Daniel Polsky is with the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, the Wharton School of Business, and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. John M. MacDonald is with the Department of Criminology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia
| | - John M MacDonald
- Charles C. Branas is with the Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia. Michelle C. Kondo is with the US Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Philadelphia. Sean M. Murphy is with the Department of Health Policy and Administration, Washington State University, Spokane. Eugenia C. South is with the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine. Daniel Polsky is with the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, the Wharton School of Business, and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. John M. MacDonald is with the Department of Criminology and the Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia
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Naqvi SZG, Effandi S, Zafar H. High PATI Score is Associated with Increase Mortality in Patients with Penetrating Abdominal Injuries; A Retrospective Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.21089/njhs.11.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Santaella-Tenorio J, Cerdá M, Villaveces A, Galea S. What Do We Know About the Association Between Firearm Legislation and Firearm-Related Injuries? Epidemiol Rev 2016; 38:140-57. [PMID: 26905895 PMCID: PMC6283012 DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Firearms account for a substantial proportion of external causes of death, injury, and disability across the world. Legislation to regulate firearms has often been passed with the intent of reducing problems related to their use. However, lack of clarity around which interventions are effective remains a major challenge for policy development. Aiming to meet this challenge, we systematically reviewed studies exploring the associations between firearm-related laws and firearm homicides, suicides, and unintentional injuries/deaths. We restricted our search to studies published from 1950 to 2014. Evidence from 130 studies in 10 countries suggests that in certain nations the simultaneous implementation of laws targeting multiple firearms restrictions is associated with reductions in firearm deaths. Laws restricting the purchase of (e.g., background checks) and access to (e.g., safer storage) firearms are also associated with lower rates of intimate partner homicides and firearm unintentional deaths in children, respectively. Limitations of studies include challenges inherent to their ecological design, their execution, and the lack of robustness of findings to model specifications. High quality research on the association between the implementation or repeal of firearm legislation (rather than the evaluation of existing laws) and firearm injuries would lead to a better understanding of what interventions are likely to work given local contexts. This information is key to move this field forward and for the development of effective policies that may counteract the burden that firearm injuries pose on populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Santaella-Tenorio
- Correspondence to Dr. Julian Santaella-Tenorio, Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, Room 515, New York, NY 10032 (e-mail: )
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Gentile G, Clerici C, De Micheli A, Merzagora I, Palazzo E, Rancati A, Veneroni L, Zoja R. Analysis of 16 years of homicides and suicides involving the use of weapons recorded at the Milan Medicolegal Bureau. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2013; 28:386-415. [PMID: 22935949 DOI: 10.1177/0886260512454715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The criminal use of weapons is a very topical issue in the industrialized countries and worldwide, and a reconsideration of the legislation governing their possession is warranted. We retrospectively analyzed the homicides and suicides involving the use of firearms and piercing and/or cutting weapons recorded at the Medicolegal Bureau in Milan from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 2008. First we considered the clinical histories of the deceased and the circumstantial details of their deaths, then we examined the data relating to the cause of death recorded in the autopsy reports. Our case series consisted of 414 homicides (54.2%) and 350 suicides (45.8%). Firearms were responsible for more deaths (64%) than piercing and/or cutting weapons (36%). The firearms involved were legally licensed in 40% of cases (suicides) and illegal in 22% (homicides). Our findings suggest the need to review the criteria considered for the issue of firearms licenses, in Italy at least.
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Homicide, Suicide, and Unintentional Firearm Fatality: Comparing the United States With Other High-Income Countries, 2003. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 70:238-43. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3181dbaddf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Macpherson AK, Schull MJ. Penetrating trauma in Ontario emergency departments: a population-based study. CAN J EMERG MED 2007; 9:16-20. [PMID: 17391595 DOI: 10.1017/s1481803500014688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of population-based research on health service utilization related to penetrating trauma in Canada, even though such trauma can result in serious injury or death, and gunshot wounds have been labelled the "the new public health issue." Complete epidemiologic data, including emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations, for penetrating trauma is not available. The objective of this paper is to describe the epidemiology of ED visits for firearm-related and knife-related penetrating trauma in one Canadian province. METHODS All EDs in the province of Ontario (pop. approx. 12 400 000 at the time of the study) submit data on ED visits to the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System. This database includes patients' demographic information (i.e., age, sex and geographic area of residence), the reason for the visit, disposition (i.e., admitted to hospital or sent home), and other diagnostic information. For visits related to injuries, the cause of injury is also reported (e-codes according to the Canadian Enhancement to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th rev [ICD-10-CA]). All patients seen in Ontario EDs for an injury related to a firearm, knife, or sharp object, were included in our study. RESULTS Of the 1.2 million ED visits in 2002-03 for trauma in Ontario, 40 240 (3.4%) patients were treated for injuries relating to penetrating trauma. Most patients were male, and most were 15-24 years of age. Penetrating trauma was frequently a result of knives or sharp objects (39 654 visits or 98.5%); only 1.5% (n = 586) of these injuries were caused by firearms. Of those hospitalized, 151 were related to firearms and 1455 were related to knives/ sharp objects. CONCLUSIONS Analyzing administrative data provides an estimate of the impact of penetrating trauma on a population, thereby providing prevention programs with data upon which to design their strategies. Evidence-based prevention strategies are needed to reduce the burden of penetrating trauma. Monitoring ED and hospitalization data over time will help to assess trends and provide evidence for the effectiveness of such strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Weiner J, Wiebe DJ, Richmond TS, Beam K, Berman AL, Branas CC, Cheney RA, Coyne-Beasley T, Firman J, Fishbein M, Hargarten S, Hemenway D, Jeffcoat R, Kennedy D, Koper CS, Lemaire J, Miller M, Roth JA, Schwab CW, Spitzer R, Teret S, Vernick J, Webster D. Reducing firearm violence: a research agenda. Inj Prev 2007; 13:80-4. [PMID: 17446246 PMCID: PMC2610593 DOI: 10.1136/ip.2006.013359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, firearms are involved in tens of thousands of deaths and injuries each year. The magnitude of this problem prompted the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to issue a report in 2004 detailing the strengths and limitations of existing research on the relationship between firearms and violence. In response, a multidisciplinary group of experts in the field of firearms and violence formed the National Research Collaborative on Firearm Violence. The Collaborative met for 2 days in June 2005 to (1) critically review the main findings of the NAS report and (2) define a research agenda that could fill research and data gaps and inform policy that reduces gun-related crime, deaths and injuries. This article summarizes the Collaborative's conclusions and identifies priorities for research and funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Weiner
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6218, USA.
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Abstract
Firearm injury is a disease that afflicts many individuals in the United States, either directly or indirectly. Trauma and critical care nurses have direct experience with this life-threatening disease and recognize the high lethality. The magnitude of this health problem requires a focus on primary prevention. We recognize that any focus on firearm injury is often contentious and political; however, nurses bring a ready-made credibility and focus on evidence-based practice to the prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Baroni
- Firearm and Injury Center at Penn, Division of Traumatology and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3440 Market Street, First Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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