1
|
Balzerano A, Paccosi E, Proietti-De-Santis L. Evolutionary Mechanisms of Cancer Suggest Rational Therapeutic Approaches. Cytogenet Genome Res 2021; 161:362-371. [PMID: 34461614 DOI: 10.1159/000516530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal in personalized therapeutic approaches for cancer medicine is to identify specific mutations with prognostic and therapeutic value in order to tailor the therapy for the single patient. The most powerful obstacle for personalized medicine arises from intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution, which can promote drug resistance. In this scenario, new technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, have emerged as a central diagnostic tool to profile cancer (epi)genomic landscapes. Therefore, a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying cancer evolution is mandatory and represents the current challenge to accurately predict whether cancer will recur after chemotherapy with the aim to tailor rational therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Balzerano
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Elena Paccosi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luca Proietti-De-Santis
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dyakin VV, Wisniewski TM, Lajtha A. Racemization in Post-Translational Modifications Relevance to Protein Aging, Aggregation and Neurodegeneration: Tip of the Iceberg. Symmetry (Basel) 2021; 13:455. [PMID: 34350031 PMCID: PMC8330555 DOI: 10.3390/sym13030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Homochirality of DNA and prevalent chirality of free and protein-bound amino acids in a living organism represents the challenge for modern biochemistry and neuroscience. The idea of an association between age-related disease, neurodegeneration, and racemization originated from the studies of fossils and cataract disease. Under the pressure of new results, this concept has a broader significance linking protein folding, aggregation, and disfunction to an organism's cognitive and behavioral functions. The integrity of cognitive function is provided by a delicate balance between the evolutionarily imposed molecular homo-chirality and the epigenetic/developmental impact of spontaneous and enzymatic racemization. The chirality of amino acids is the crucial player in the modulation the structure and function of proteins, lipids, and DNA. The collapse of homochirality by racemization is the result of the conformational phase transition. The racemization of protein-bound amino acids (spontaneous and enzymatic) occurs through thermal activation over the energy barrier or by the tunnel transfer effect under the energy barrier. The phase transition is achieved through the intermediate state, where the chirality of alpha carbon vanished. From a thermodynamic consideration, the system in the homo-chiral (single enantiomeric) state is characterized by a decreased level of entropy. The oscillating protein chirality is suggesting its distinct significance in the neurotransmission and flow of perceptual information, adaptive associative learning, and cognitive laterality. The common pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders include protein misfolding, aging, and the deposition of protease-resistant protein aggregates. Each of the landmarks is influenced by racemization. The brain region, cell type, and age-dependent racemization critically influence the functions of many intracellular, membrane-bound, and extracellular proteins including amyloid precursor protein (APP), TAU, PrP, Huntingtin, α-synuclein, myelin basic protein (MBP), and collagen. The amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) coexists with the failure of amyloid beta (Aβ) targeting drug therapy. According to our view, racemization should be considered as a critical factor of protein conformation with the potential for inducing order, disorder, misfolding, aggregation, toxicity, and malfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor V. Dyakin
- Virtual Reality Perception Lab (VRPL), The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| | - Thomas M. Wisniewski
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Abel Lajtha
- Center for Neurochemistry, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Komutrattananont P, Palee P, Prasitwattanaseree S, Mahakkanukrauh P. The estimation of age from elastic fibers in the tunica media of the aortic wall in a thai population: a preliminary study using aorta image analysis. Anat Cell Biol 2020; 53:284-291. [PMID: 32727957 PMCID: PMC7527121 DOI: 10.5115/acb.20.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Image analysis has an increasing role in the identification of individuals in forensic application. Beside the bones, microstructural of arteries can be used in age estimation study. Aorta is the largest elastic artery which consists of many elastic fibers. Elastin in arterial wall highly resist to chemical and physical influence. The purposes of the study were to quantify elastic fibers in tunica media in each location of the aorta and examine the correlation between elastic fibers and age by using image analysis program. A total of 36 human aortas were dissected in 4 locations. The aortas were obtained from cadavers with an age range of 20 to 90 years. Specimens were stained with Elastic Van Gieson staining. Histological images were investigated about elastic fibers using light microscope with cellSens program and aorta image analysis was used for the evaluation of data. The results showed that the mean percentage density of elastic fibers in the ascending aorta and the aortic arch increased. However, the mean percentage density of elastic fibers decreased in the 31 to 40 years age group in the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta and decreased in each location of aorta continuously until 81 to 90 years. The abdominal aorta showed the highest correlation with age (r=0.732) followed by the thoracic aorta, the aortic arch and the ascending aorta, respectively. Changes in the percentage density of elastic fibers in the tunica media of the aortic wall can be used to add information to age estimation for identification purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornhatai Komutrattananont
- PhD Degree Program in Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Patison Palee
- College of Arts Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sukon Prasitwattanaseree
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Forensic Osteology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Forensic Osteology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Excellence in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu YC, Hall B, Lwin NC, Teo EPW, Yam GHF, Hipsley A, Mehta JS. Tissue Responses and Wound Healing following Laser Scleral Microporation for Presbyopia Therapy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:6. [PMID: 32818094 PMCID: PMC7396200 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the postoperative inflammatory and wound-healing responses after laser scleral microporation for presbyopia. Methods Thirty porcine eyes were used for the optimization of laser intensities first. Six monkeys (12 eyes) received scleral microporation with an erbium yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, and half of the eyes received concurrent subconjunctival collagen gel to modulate wound-healing response. The intraocular pressure (IOP) and the laser ablation depth were evaluated. The animals were euthanized at 1, 6, and 9 months postoperatively. The limbal areas and scleras were harvested for histologic analysis and immunofluorescence of markers for inflammation (CD11b and CD45), wound healing (CD90, tenascin-C, fibronectin, and HSP47), wound contraction (α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]), vascular response (CD31), nerve injury (GAP43), and limbal stem cells (P63 and telomerase). Results In the nonhuman primate study, there was a significant reduction in IOP after the procedure. Overall, the ablation depth was 76.6% to 81.2% at 1 month and slightly decreased to 71.5% to 72.7% at 9 months. Coagulative necrosis around the micropores, as well as expression of CD11b, CD45, tenascin, fibronectin, HSP47, and GAP43, was distinct at 1 month but subsided with time. Collagen gel treatment significantly suppressed the upregulation of CD11b, CD45, fibronectin, and tenascin-C. The expression of CD90, α-SMA, and CD31 was minimal in all eyes. Conclusions The study demonstrated the course of inflammatory and wound-healing responses following laser scleral microporation. The tissue responses were small and self-limited, resolved with time, and were suppressed by concurrent collagen treatment. It provides a useful understanding of this new procedure. Translational Relevance The results would be helpful in the laser parameter modification to improve the long-term treatment stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Brad Hall
- Ace Vision Group, Inc., Newark, CA, USA
| | - Nyein Chan Lwin
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Ericia Pei Wen Teo
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Gary Hin Fai Yam
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lorke M, Willen M, Lucas K, Beyerbach M, Wefstaedt P, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Comparative kinematic gait analysis in young and old Beagle dogs. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:521-530. [PMID: 28385001 PMCID: PMC5746446 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.4.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related involution in dogs involves loss of muscle mass and changes in connective tissue and articular cartilage. The aim of this study was to examine whether an age-related influence on joint mobility can be detected in the absence of disease. Five young (mean age 2.0 years) and five old (mean age 10.4 years) healthy and sound Beagle dogs underwent computer-assisted gait analysis during locomotion on a treadmill. Shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joint angles including joint angle progression curves, minimum and maximum joint angles, and range of motion (ROM) in degrees were analyzed. The old group had a smaller maximum joint angle (p = 0.037) and ROM (p = 0.037) of the carpal joint; there were similar tendencies in the shoulder, elbow, and carpal joints. Descriptive analysis of the progression curves revealed less flexion and extension of the forelimb joints. The results indicate restricted joint mobility of the forelimb in old dogs, primarily of the carpal joint. Results in the joints of the hindlimb were inconsistent, and the contrasting alterations may be due to a compensatory mechanism. As most alterations were found in the distal joints, these should receive particular attention when examining elderly dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Lorke
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maray Willen
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Lucas
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Beyerbach
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Wefstaedt
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.,Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Czajka A, Kania EM, Genovese L, Corbo A, Merone G, Luci C, Sibilla S. Daily oral supplementation with collagen peptides combined with vitamins and other bioactive compounds improves skin elasticity and has a beneficial effect on joint and general wellbeing. Nutr Res 2018; 57:97-108. [PMID: 30122200 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a multifactorial and natural process that causes physiological changes in organs, tissues and cells over time. In the skin and cartilage, aging leads to a decrease in the synthesis and changes in the arrangement of proteoglycans and collagen, in addition to the loss of glycosaminoglycans, which are responsible for the integrity and health of these tissues. We hypothesized that daily oral supplementation with a liquid nutraceutical containing hydrolyzed fish collagen, vitamins, antioxidants and other active ingredients could improve skin texture and elasticity, and in addition have a protective effect on joint health. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 120 subjects who consumed either the test product or placebo on a daily basis for 90 days. Subjects consuming the test product had an overall significant increase in skin elasticity (+40%; P < .0001) when compared to placebo. Histological analysis of skin biopsies revealed positive changes in the skin architecture, with a reduction in solar elastosis and improvement in collagen fiber organization in the test product group. As reported in the self-perception questionnaires, these results were confirmed by the subjects' own perceptions in that participants agreed their skin was more hydrated and more elastic. In addition, the consumption of the test product reduced joint pain by -43% and improved joint mobility by +39%. Oral supplementation with collagen bioactive peptides combined with chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine, L-carnitine, vitamins, and minerals significantly improved the clinical parameters related to skin aging and joint health, and therefore, might be an effective solution to slow down the hallmarks of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czajka
- Research and Development Department, MINERVA Research Labs, 1-6 Yarmouth Place, London, W1J 7BU, UK.
| | - Ewa M Kania
- Research and Development Department, MINERVA Research Labs, 1-6 Yarmouth Place, London, W1J 7BU, UK.
| | - Licia Genovese
- Research and Development Department, MINERVA Research Labs, 1-6 Yarmouth Place, London, W1J 7BU, UK.
| | - Andrea Corbo
- Master II livello Università degli Studi di Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Merone
- MedicalSpa Education, Roma Medica s.r.l., Via Cassia 1840, Roma, 00123, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Luci
- MedicalSpa Education, Roma Medica s.r.l., Via Cassia 1840, Roma, 00123, Italy.
| | - Sara Sibilla
- Research and Development Department, MINERVA Research Labs, 1-6 Yarmouth Place, London, W1J 7BU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jull G, Bullock M. A Motion Profile of the Lumbar Spine in an Ageing Population Assessed by Manual Examination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/09593988709087743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
8
|
Stockwell RA. Cartilage failure in osteoarthritis: Relevance of normal structure and function. A review. Clin Anat 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.980040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
9
|
Abstract
This review is aimed at unifying our understanding of cartilage viscoelastic properties in compression, in particular the role of compression-dependent permeability in controlling interstitial fluid flow and its contribution to the observed viscoelastic effects. During the previous decade, it was shown that compression causes the permeability of cartilage to drop in a functional manner described by k = ko exp (epsilon M) where ko and M were defined as intrinsic permeability parameters and epsilon is the dilatation of the solid matrix (epsilon = tr delta u). Since permeability is inversely related to the diffusive drag coefficient of relative fluid motion with respect to the porous solid matrix, the measured load-deformation response of the tissue must therefore also depend on the non-linearly permeable nature of the tissue. We have summarized in this review our understanding of this non-linear phenomenon. This understanding of these flow-dependent viscoelastic effects are put into the historical perspective of a comprehensive literature review of earlier attempts to model the compressive viscoelastic properties of articular cartilage.
Collapse
|
10
|
Schnider SL, Kohn RR. Effects of age and diabetes mellitus on the solubility of collagen from human skin, tracheal cartilage and dura mater. Exp Gerontol 1982; 17:185-94. [PMID: 7140859 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(82)90024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
11
|
Schofield JD. Connective tissue ageing: differences between mouse tissues in age-related changes in collagen extractability. Exp Gerontol 1980; 15:113-9. [PMID: 7389831 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(80)90082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
12
|
Davies I, Schofield JD. Connective tissue ageing: the influence of a lathyrogen (beta-aminopropionitrile) on the life span of female C57BL/Icrfat mice. Exp Gerontol 1980; 15:487-94. [PMID: 7428869 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(80)90057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|