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Wang A, Meng X, Tian X, Zuo Y, Bath PM, Li H, Xie X, Jing J, Lin J, Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Li Z, Jiang Y, Xu J, Wang F, Chen W, Cao M, Li J, Wang Y. Ticagrelor Aspirin vs Clopidogrel Aspirin in CYP2C19 Loss-of-Function Carriers With Minor Stroke or TIA Stratified by Risk Profile. Neurology 2023; 100:e497-e504. [PMID: 36535779 PMCID: PMC9931078 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Genotype data of the Clopidogrel with Aspirin in Acute Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (CHANCE) trial showed that efficacy of clopidogrel aspirin depended on CYP2C19 genotype and risk profile. A stratification of patients who carried CYP2C19 loss-of-function (LOF) alleles according to the risk of recurrent stroke may be important for selecting optimal antiplatelet therapy. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor aspirin with clopidogrel aspirin in CYP2C19 LOF carriers with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) stratified by risk profile. METHODS Data were obtained from Ticagrelor or Clopidogrel with Aspirin in High-Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events II (CHANCE-2) trial. Low-risk and high-risk profiles were defined by Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS) (<3 [low risk] and ≥3 [high risk], respectively). RESULTS A total of 6,412 CYP2C19 LOF carriers were enrolled; ticagrelor aspirin was associated with a reduced risk of primary outcome (new stroke within 90-day follow-up) in patients at low risk (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48-0.82), but not in those at high risk (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.73-1.29), compared with clopidogrel aspirin (p = 0.02 for interaction). Secondary outcomes generally went in the same direction as the primary outcome. The primary safety outcome of severe or moderate bleeding did not differ based on risk profile (p = 0.24 for interaction), although the incidence of total bleeding was greater with ticagrelor aspirin than with clopidogrel aspirin among patients at low risk (p < 0.01 for interaction). Analysis in the per-protocol population yielded similar results. DISCUSSION This post hoc analysis of CHANCE-2 trial showed that CYP2C19 LOF carriers with minor stroke or TIA at low risk of recurrent stroke received a greater benefit from ticagrelor aspirin than from clopidogrel aspirin. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that CYP2C19 LOF carriers with minor stroke or TIA at low risk, but not at high risk, of recurrent stroke (by the ESRS) received a greater benefit from ticagrelor aspirin than from clopidogrel aspirin. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov. Unique identifier: NCT04078737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xia Meng
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xue Tian
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yingting Zuo
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Philip M Bath
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Hao Li
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xuewei Xie
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jing Jing
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jinxi Lin
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Liping Liu
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Zixiao Li
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jie Xu
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Feng Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Minghua Cao
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (A.W., X.M., X.T., Y.Z., H.L., X.X., J.J., J.L., Y.W., X.Z., L.L., Z.L., Y.J., J.X., Y.W.), Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics (X.T.), School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology (X.T.), China; Stroke Trials Unit, Mental Health & Clinical Neuroscience (P.M.B.), University of Nottingham, United Kingdom; Departments of Neurology (F.W.), Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology (W.C.), Xingyang People's Hospital, Henan, China; Department of Neurology (M.C.), Jingdezheng First People's Hospital, Jiangxi, China; Department of Neurology (J.L.), The First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (A.W., X.M., Y.W.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China.
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Fernández-Cadenas I, Mendióroz M, Giralt D, Nafria C, Garcia E, Carrera C, Gallego-Fabrega C, Domingues-Montanari S, Delgado P, Ribó M, Castellanos M, Martínez S, Freijo M, Jiménez-Conde J, Rubiera M, Alvarez-Sabín J, Molina CA, Font MA, Grau Olivares M, Palomeras E, Perez de la Ossa N, Martinez-Zabaleta M, Masjuan J, Moniche F, Canovas D, Piñana C, Purroy F, Cocho D, Navas I, Tejero C, Aymerich N, Cullell N, Muiño E, Serena J, Rubio F, Davalos A, Roquer J, Arenillas JF, Martí-Fábregas J, Keene K, Chen WM, Worrall B, Sale M, Arboix A, Krupinski J, Montaner J. GRECOS Project (Genotyping Recurrence Risk of Stroke): The Use of Genetics to Predict the Vascular Recurrence After Stroke. Stroke 2017; 48:1147-1153. [PMID: 28411264 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.116.014322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular recurrence occurs in 11% of patients during the first year after ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack. Clinical scores do not predict the whole vascular recurrence risk; therefore, we aimed to find genetic variants associated with recurrence that might improve the clinical predictive models in IS. METHODS We analyzed 256 polymorphisms from 115 candidate genes in 3 patient cohorts comprising 4482 IS or transient ischemic attack patients. The discovery cohort was prospectively recruited and included 1494 patients, 6.2% of them developed a new IS during the first year of follow-up. Replication analysis was performed in 2988 patients using SNPlex or HumanOmni1-Quad technology. We generated a predictive model using Cox regression (GRECOS score [Genotyping Reurrence Risk of Stroke]) and generated risk groups using a classification tree method. RESULTS The analyses revealed that rs1800801 in the MGP gene (hazard ratio, 1.33; P=9×10-03), a gene related to artery calcification, was associated with new IS during the first year of follow-up. This polymorphism was replicated in a Spanish cohort (n=1.305); however, it was not significantly associated in a North American cohort (n=1.683). The GRECOS score predicted new IS (P=3.2×10-09) and could classify patients, from low risk of stroke recurrence (1.9%) to high risk (12.6%). Moreover, the addition of genetic risk factors to the GRECOS score improves the prediction compared with previous Stroke Prognosis Instrument-II score (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS The use of genetics could be useful to estimate vascular recurrence risk after IS. Genetic variability in the MGP gene was associated with vascular recurrence in the Spanish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Fernández-Cadenas
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
| | - Maite Mendióroz
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Dolors Giralt
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Cristina Nafria
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Elena Garcia
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Caty Carrera
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Cristina Gallego-Fabrega
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Sophie Domingues-Montanari
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Pilar Delgado
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Marc Ribó
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Mar Castellanos
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Sergi Martínez
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Marimar Freijo
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jordi Jiménez-Conde
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Marta Rubiera
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - José Alvarez-Sabín
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Carlos A Molina
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Maria Angels Font
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Marta Grau Olivares
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Ernest Palomeras
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Natalia Perez de la Ossa
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Maite Martinez-Zabaleta
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jaime Masjuan
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Francisco Moniche
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - David Canovas
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Carlos Piñana
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Francisco Purroy
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Dolores Cocho
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Inma Navas
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Carlos Tejero
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Nuria Aymerich
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Natalia Cullell
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Elena Muiño
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Joaquín Serena
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Francisco Rubio
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Antoni Davalos
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jaume Roquer
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Juan Francisco Arenillas
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Joan Martí-Fábregas
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Keith Keene
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Bradford Worrall
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Michele Sale
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Adrià Arboix
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jerzy Krupinski
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Joan Montaner
- From the Stroke Pharmacogenomics and Genetics, Fundacio Docència i Recerca MutuaTerrassa, Spain (I.F.-C., E.G., C.G.-F., N.C., E.M.); Neurovascular Research Laboratory and Neurovascular Unit, Neurology and Medicine Departments-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (I.F.-C., M.M., D.G., C.N., C.C., S.D.-M., P.D., J.M.) and Neurology Department (M.Ribó, M.Rubiera, J.A.-S., C.A.M.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroepigenetics Research Group, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Spain (M.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Dr Josep Trueta, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Spain (M.C., J.S.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain (S.M., J.M.-F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain (M.F.); Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar and Centre de Regulació Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain (J.J.-C., J.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain (M.A.F., F.R.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain (M.G.O., A.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Mataró, Spain (E.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain (N.P.d.l.O., A.D.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain (M.M.-Z.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain (J.M.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain (F.M.); Department of Neurology, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain (C.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida, Spain (F.P.); Department of Neurology, Hospital de Granollers, Spain (D.C.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Spain (I.N., J.K.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain (C.T.); Department of Neurology, Hospital De Navarra, Pamplona, Spain (N.A.); Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Spain (J.F.A.); Department of Biology, Center for Health Disparities, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina (K.K.); Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics (W.-M.C.); Departments of Neurology (B.W.), Public Health Sciences (B.W., M.S.), and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M.S.), and Center for Public Health Genomics (M.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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