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Foss CA, Kulik L, Ordonez AA, Jain SK, Michael Holers V, Thurman JM, Pomper MG. SPECT/CT Imaging of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection with [ 125I]anti-C3d mAb. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:473-481. [PMID: 29998399 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of chronic bacterial infection requires methods to detect and localize sites of infection accurately. Complement C3 activation fragments are generated and covalently bound to selective bacterial pathogens during the immune response and can serve as biomarkers of ongoing bacterial infection. We have developed several probes for detecting tissue-bound C3 deposits, including a monoclonal antibody (mAb 3d29) that recognizes the tissue-bound terminal processing fragments iC3b and C3d but does not recognize native circulating C3 or tissue-bound C3b. PROCEDURES To determine whether mAb 3d29 could be used to detect chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection non-invasively, aerosol-infected female C3HeB/FeJ mice were injected with [125I]3d29 mAb and either imaged using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging at 24 and 48 h after radiotracer injection or being subjected to biodistribution analysis. RESULTS Discrete lesions were detected by SPECT/CT imaging in the lungs and spleens of infected mice, consistent with the location of granulomas in the infected animals as detected by CT. Low-level signal was seen in the spleens of uninfected mice and no signal was seen in the lungs of healthy mice. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that 3d29 in the lungs of infected mice co-localized with aggregates of macrophages (detected with anti-CD68 antibodies). 3d29 was detected in the cytoplasm of macrophages, consistent with the location of internalized M. tuberculosis. 3d29 was also present within alveolar epithelial cells, indicating that it detected M. tuberculosis phagocytosed by other CD68-positive cells. Healthy controls showed very little retention of fluorescent or radiolabeled antibody across tissues. Radiolabeled 3d29 compared with radiolabeled isotype control showed a 3.5:1 ratio of increased uptake in infected lungs, indicating specific uptake by 3d29. CONCLUSION 3d29 can be used to detect and localize areas of infection with M. tuberculosis non-invasively by 24 h after radiotracer injection and with high contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Foss
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St. CRB2 493, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA. .,Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA.
| | - Liudmila Kulik
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alvaro A Ordonez
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - Sanjay K Jain
- Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
| | - V Michael Holers
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, 1550 Orleans St. CRB2 493, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA.,Center for Infection and Inflammation Imaging Research, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21228, USA
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Hara Y, Shinkai M, Kanoh S, Fujikura Y, K Rubin B, Kawana A, Kaneko T. Arterial Carboxyhemoglobin Measurement Is Useful for Evaluating Pulmonary Inflammation in Subjects with Interstitial Lung Disease. Intern Med 2017; 56:621-626. [PMID: 28321059 PMCID: PMC5410469 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The arterial concentration of carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) in subjects with inflammatory pulmonary disease is higher than that in healthy individuals. We retrospectively analyzed the relationship between the CO-Hb concentration and established markers of disease severity in subjects with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods The CO-Hb concentration was measured in subjects with newly diagnosed or untreated ILD and the relationships between the CO-Hb concentration and the serum biomarker levels, lung function, high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings, and the uptake in gallium-67 (67Ga) scintigraphy were evaluated. Results Eighty-one non-smoking subjects were studied (mean age, 67 years). Among these subjects, (A) 17 had stable idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), (B) 9 had an acute exacerbation of IPF, (C) 44 had stable non-IPF, and (D) 11 had an exacerbation of non-IPF. The CO-Hb concentrations of these subjects were (A) 1.5±0.5%, (B) 2.1±0.5%, (C) 1.2±0.4%, and (D) 1.7±0.5%. The CO-Hb concentration was positively correlated with the serum levels of surfactant protein (SP)-A (r=0.38), SP-D (r=0.39), and the inflammation index (calculated from HRCT; r=0.57) and was negatively correlated with the partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood (r=-0.56) and the predicted diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (r=-0.61). The CO-Hb concentrations in subjects with a negative heart sign on 67Ga scintigraphy were higher than those in subjects without a negative heart sign (1.4±0.5% vs. 1.1±0.3%, p=0.018). Conclusion The CO-Hb levels of subjects with ILD were increased, particularly during an exacerbation, and were correlated with the parameters that reflect pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hara
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Japan
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Gnanasegaran G, Sit C, Chen R, Agrawal K, Fogelman I. Interesting Signs in Nuclear Medicine. Semin Nucl Med 2015; 45:560-90. [PMID: 26522397 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Classic radiological and nuclear medicine signs have been reported extensively because of a myriad of pathophysiological processes. When encountered, they aid in diagnosis of conditions and add confidence for the reader, at times even hinting at a specific diagnosis. The naming of signs is commonly associated with objects from everyday life to establish familiarity with visual findings. Association of signs and disease comes with regular practice and improves understanding of the image and its underlying cause. In this article, we have collated nuclear medicine signs reported in the literature since 1970.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Gnanasegaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Cherry Sit
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ruolei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kanhaiyalal Agrawal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ignac Fogelman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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