1
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An X, Lu Y, Huang X. Silencing of transient receptor potential canonical channel 4 inhibits endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis by suppressing VEGF and SDF-1. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2278-2289. [PMID: 39006266 PMCID: PMC11236671 DOI: 10.62347/pnpq8843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a crucial role in acquired angiogenesis and endothelial injury repair. Transient receptor potential canonical channel 4 (TRPC4), a key component of store-operated calcium channels, is essential for EPC function. While the role of TRPCs has been clarified in vascular diseases, the relationship between TRPC4 and EPC function, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms, remains unclear and requires further elucidation. METHODS EPCs were isolated from canine bone marrow and identified by morphology and flow cytometry. TRPC4 was transfected into EPCs using lentivirus or negative control, and its expression was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Proliferation, migration, and tube formation were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, and Matrigel assays, respectively. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS TRPC4 mRNA expression was significantly reduced in TRPC4-short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfected EPCs compared to the normal control (NC)-shRNA groups. Migration and tube formation were significantly decreased after TRPC4 silencing, while proliferation showed no difference. Additionally, levels of SDF-1 and VEGF in EPCs were markedly reduced following TRPC4 silencing. CONCLUSION TRPC4 plays a crucial role in regulating angiogenesis in EPCs. Silencing of TRPC4 can lead to decreased angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF and SDF-1 expression, suggesting that TRPC4 knockdown might be a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530000, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530000, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xuanping Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University Nanning 530000, Guangxi, P. R. China
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2
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Jeljeli MM, Adamopoulos IE. Innate immune memory in inflammatory arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:627-639. [PMID: 37674048 PMCID: PMC10721491 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The concept of immunological memory was demonstrated in antiquity when protection against re-exposure to pathogens was observed during the plague of Athens. Immunological memory has been linked with the adaptive features of T and B cells; however, in the past decade, evidence has demonstrated that innate immune cells can exhibit memory, a phenomenon called 'innate immune memory' or 'trained immunity'. Innate immune memory is currently being defined and is transforming our understanding of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. In this Review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the memory-like features of innate immune cells in inflammatory arthritis and the crosstalk between chronic inflammatory milieu and cell reprogramming. Aberrant pro-inflammatory signalling, including cytokines, regulates the metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming of haematopoietic progenitors, leading to exacerbated inflammatory responses and osteoclast differentiation, in turn leading to bone destruction. Moreover, imprinted memory on mature cells including terminally differentiated osteoclasts alters responsiveness to therapies and modifies disease outcomes, commonly manifested by persistent inflammatory flares and relapse following medication withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime M Jeljeli
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iannis E Adamopoulos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Chen W, Fang Y, Wang H, Tan X, Zhu X, Xu Z, Jiang H, Wu X, Hong W, Wang X, Tu J, Wei W. Role of chemokine receptor 2 in rheumatoid arthritis: A research update. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109755. [PMID: 36724626 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multisystemic and inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by joint destruction. The C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is mainly expressed in monocytes and T cells, initiating their migration to sites of inflammation, ultimately leading to cartilage damage and bone destruction. CCR2 has long been considered a prospective target for treating autoimmune diseases. However, clinical studies on inhibitors or neutralizing antibodies against CCR2 in RA have exhibited limited efficacy. Recent evidence indicates that CCR2 may play different roles in RA. Hence, a comprehensive understanding regarding the role of CCR2 may facilitate the development of targeted drugs and provide novel insights for improving CCL2-mediated inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of CCR2, the related signaling pathways, and recent developments in CCR2-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weile Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xuewen Tan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangling Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xuming Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiajie Tu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, China.
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4
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Kim SK, Choe JY, Park KY. CXCL12 and CXCR4 as Novel Biomarkers in Uric Acid-Induced Inflammation and Patients with Gouty Arthritis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:649. [PMID: 36979628 PMCID: PMC10045243 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 in patients with gout and uric acid-induced inflammation. A total of 40 patients with intercritical gout and 27 controls were consecutively enrolled. The serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, CXCL12, and CXCR4 were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The gene and protein expressions for these target molecules were measured in human U937 cells incubated with monosodium urate (MSU) crystals using a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Patients with intercritical gout showed higher serum IL-1β, IL-18, and CXCL12 levels, but not the serum CXCR4 level, than in the controls.The serum CXCR4 level in gout patients was associated with the serum IL-18 level, uric acid level, and uric acid/creatinine ratio (r = 0.331, p = 0.037; r = 0.346, p = 0.028; and r = 0.361, p = 0.022, respectively). U937 cells treated with MSU crystals significantly induced the CXCL12 and CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression in addition to IL-1β and IL-18. In cells transfected with IL-1β siRNA or IL-18 siRNA, the CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression was downregulated compared with the non-transfected cells in MSU crystal-induced inflammation. In this study, we revealed that CXCL12 and CXCR4 were involved in the pathogenesis of uric acid-induced inflammation and gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Kyu Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yoon Choe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Yeun Park
- Arthritis and Autoimmunity Research Center, Catholic University of Daegu, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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5
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Neely OC, Domingos AI, Paterson DJ. Macrophages Can Drive Sympathetic Excitability in the Early Stages of Hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:807904. [PMID: 35155614 PMCID: PMC8828732 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.807904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health burden worldwide with many cases resistant to current treatments. Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous contributes to the etiology and progression of the disease, where emerging evidence suggests that inflammation may underpin the development of sympathetic dysautonomia. This study examined whether macrophages could drive the sympathetic phenotype in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) before animals develop high pressure. Stellate neurons from wild-type control Wistar rats and SHRs were co-cultured with blood leukocytes from their own strain, and also crossed cultured between strains. The calcium transient response to nicotinic stimulation was recorded using Fura-2 calcium imaging, where SHR neurons had a greater calcium transient compared with Wistar neurons. However, when co-cultured with leukocytes, Wistar neurons began to phenocopy the SHR sympathetic hyperactivity, while the SHR neurons themselves were unaltered. Resident leukocyte populations of the SHR and Wistar stellate ganglia were then compared using flow cytometry, where there was a shift in monocyte-macrophage subset proportions. While classical monocyte-macrophages were predominant in the Wistar, there were relatively more of the non-classical subset in the SHR, which have been implicated in pro-inflammatory roles in a number of diseases. When bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were co-cultured with stellate neurons, they made Wistar neurons recapitulate the SHR nicotinic stimulated calcium transient. Wistar BMDMs however, had no effect on SHR neurons, even though SHR BMDMs increased SHR neuron responsiveness further above their hyper-responsive state. Taken together, these findings show that macrophages can be potent enhancers of sympathetic neuronal calcium responsiveness, and thus could conceivably play a role in peripheral sympathetic hyperactivity observed in the early stages of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver C Neely
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David J Paterson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Wu CY, Yang HY, Huang JL, Lai JH. Signals and Mechanisms Regulating Monocyte and Macrophage Activation in the Pathogenesis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157960. [PMID: 34360720 PMCID: PMC8347893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mos) and macrophages (Mφs) are key players in the innate immune system and are critical in coordinating the initiation, expansion, and regression of many autoimmune diseases. In addition, they display immunoregulatory effects that impact inflammation and are essential in tissue repair and regeneration. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an umbrella term describing inflammatory joint diseases in children. Accumulated evidence suggests a link between Mo and Mφ activation and JIA pathogenesis. Accordingly, topics regarding the signals and mechanisms regulating Mo and Mφ activation leading to pathologies in patients with JIA are of great interest. In this review, we critically summarize recent advances in the understanding of how Mo and Mφ activation is involved in JIA pathogenesis and focus on the signaling pathways and mechanisms participating in the related cell activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (J.-L.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (J.-L.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +886-2-8791-8382
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7
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Khan MA, Khurana N, Ahmed RS, Umar S, Md G Sarwar AH, Alam Q, Kamal MA, Ashraf GM. Chemokines: A Potential Therapeutic Target to Suppress Autoimmune Arthritis. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2937-2946. [PMID: 31580792 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190709205028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokines are a family of low molecular weight proteins that induce chemotaxis of inflammatory cells, which mainly depends on the recognition of a chemo-attractant gradient and interaction with the substratum. In Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), abundant chemokines are expressed in synovial tissue, cause inflammatory cells migration into the inflamed joint that necessitates the formation of new blood vessels i.e. angiogenesis. Over the decades, studies showed that continuous inflammation may lead to the loss of tissue architecture and function, causing severe disability and cartilage destruction. In spite of the advancement of modern drug therapy, thousands of arthritic patients suffer mortality and morbidity globally. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of RA. METHODS This review is carried out throughout a non-systematic search of the accessible literature, will provide an overview of the current information of chemokine in RA and also exploring the future perspective of the vital role of targeting chemokine in RA treatment. RESULTS Since, chemokines are associated with inflammatory cells/leucocyte migration at the site of inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases and hence, blockade or interference with chemokines activity showing a potential approach for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents. Currently, results obtained from both preclinical and clinical studies showed significant improvement in arthritis. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the role of chemokines and their receptors in the pathogenesis of RA and also indicates possible interactions of chemokines/receptors with various synthetic and natural compounds that may be used as a potential therapeutic target in the future for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Nikhil Khurana
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Rafat S Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Sadiq Umar
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Illinois, Clinical Science Building (CSB), Chicago, IL-60612, United States
| | - Abu H Md G Sarwar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Qamre Alam
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Menegatti S, Bianchi E, Rogge L. Anti-TNF Therapy in Spondyloarthritis and Related Diseases, Impact on the Immune System and Prediction of Treatment Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:382. [PMID: 30941119 PMCID: PMC6434926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), such as spondyloarthritis (SpA), psoriasis, Crohn's disease (CD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain challenging illnesses. They often strike at a young age and cause lifelong morbidity, representing a considerable burden for the affected individuals and society. Pioneering studies have revealed the presence of a TNF-dependent proinflammatory cytokine cascade in several IMIDs, and the introduction of anti-TNF therapy 20 years ago has proven effective to reduce inflammation and clinical symptoms in RA, SpA, and other IMID, providing unprecedented clinical benefits and a valid alternative in case of failure or intolerable adverse effects of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs, for RA) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, for SpA). However, our understanding of how TNF inhibitors (TNFi) affect the immune system in patients is limited. This question is relevant because anti-TNF therapy has been associated with infectious complications. Furthermore, clinical efficacy of TNFi is limited by a high rate of non-responsiveness (30–40%) in RA, SpA, and other IMID, exposing a substantial fraction of patients to side-effects without clinical benefit. Despite the extensive use of TNFi, it is still not possible to determine which patients will respond to TNFi before treatment initiation. The recent introduction of antibodies blocking IL-17 has expanded the therapeutic options for SpA, as well as psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. It is therefore essential to develop tools to guide treatment decisions for patients affected by SpA and other IMID, both to optimize clinical care and contain health care costs. After a brief overview of the biology of TNF, its receptors and currently used TNFi in the clinics, we summarize the progress that has been made to increase our understanding of the action of TNFi on the immune system in patients. We then summarize efforts dedicated to identify biomarkers that can predict treatment responses to TNFi and we conclude with a section dedicated to the recently introduced inhibitors of IL-17A and IL-23 in SpA and related diseases. The focus of this review is on SpA, however, we also refer to RA on topics for which only limited information is available on SpA in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Menegatti
- Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut Pasteur/AP-HP Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut Pasteur/AP-HP Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Lars Rogge
- Immunoregulation Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut Pasteur/AP-HP Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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9
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Degboé Y, Rauwel B, Baron M, Boyer JF, Ruyssen-Witrand A, Constantin A, Davignon JL. Polarization of Rheumatoid Macrophages by TNF Targeting Through an IL-10/STAT3 Mechanism. Front Immunol 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30713533 PMCID: PMC6345709 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They can display different states of activation or “polarization,” notably the so-called inflammatory “M1” and the various alternative “M2” polarizations, characterized by distinct functions. Data regarding the effects of RA anti-cytokine biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) on macrophage polarization are scarce. We aimed to assess in vitro modulation of macrophage polarization by bDMARDs targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines in RA. We generated monocyte derived macrophages using blood samples from 20 RA patients with active RA and 30 healthy controls. We evaluated in vitro the impact on M1 inflammatory macrophages of: etanercept (ETA), adalimumab (ADA), certolizumab (CZP), tocilizumab (TCZ), and rituximab (RTX). We assessed the impact on macrophage polarization using flow cytometry and RTqPCR to study the expression of surface markers and perform functional studies of cytokine production, phagocytosis, and negative feedback control of inflammation. Among evaluated bDMARDs, anti-TNF agents modulated the polarization of inflammatory macrophages by decreasing inflammatory surface markers (CD40, CD80) and favoring alternative markers (CD16, CD163, MerTK). Anti-TNF agents also induced alternative functions in macrophages activated in inflammatory condition with (i) the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-12), (ii) an increase in phagocytosis. These findings were mechanistically related to an increase in early IL-10 production, responsible for higher negative feedback control of inflammation involving SOCS3 and Gas6. This IL-10 effect was STAT3-dependent. Anti-TNF agents not only inhibit in vitro inflammatory functions of macrophages, but also favor resolution of inflammation through polarization toward alternative features specifically involving the IL-10/STAT3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Degboé
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Rauwel
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Baron
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Boyer
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Adeline Ruyssen-Witrand
- Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,UMR1027, INSERM-Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Constantin
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davignon
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR 1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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10
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Batko B, Schramm-Luc A, Skiba DS, Mikolajczyk TP, Siedlinski M. TNF-α Inhibitors Decrease Classical CD14 hiCD16- Monocyte Subsets in Highly Active, Conventional Treatment Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020291. [PMID: 30642076 PMCID: PMC6358965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are pivotal cells in inflammatory joint diseases. We aimed to determine the effect of TNF-α inhibitors (TNFi) on peripheral blood monocyte subpopulations and their activation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with high disease activity. To address this, we studied 50 (32 AS, 18 RA) patients with highly active disease with no prior history of TNFi use who were recruited and assigned to TNFi or placebo treatment for 12 weeks. Cytometric and clinical assessment was determined at baseline, four, and 12 weeks after initiation of TNFi treatment. We observed that treatment with TNFi led to a significant decrease in CD14hiCD16- monocytes in comparison to placebo, while circulating CD14dimCD16+ monocytes significantly increased. The TNFi-induced monocyte subset shifts were similar in RA and AS patients. While the percentage of CD14dimCD16+ monocytes increased, expression of CD11b and CD11c integrins on their surface was significantly reduced by TNFi. Additionally, CD45RA+ cells were more frequent. The shift towards nonclassical CD14dimCD16+ monocytes in peripheral blood due to TNFi treatment was seen in both AS and RA. This may reflect reduced recruitment of these cells to sites of inflammation due to lower inflammatory burden, which is associated with decreased disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Batko
- Department of Rheumatology, J. Dietl Specialist Hospital, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agata Schramm-Luc
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dominik S Skiba
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.
| | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
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11
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Zhai Y, Lin P, Feng Z, Lu H, Han Q, Chen J, Zhang Y, He Q, Nan G, Luo X, Wang B, Feng F, Liu F, Chen Z, Zhu P. TNFAIP3-DEPTOR complex regulates inflammasome secretion through autophagy in ankylosing spondylitis monocytes. Autophagy 2018; 14:1629-1643. [PMID: 29940800 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1458804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with severe inflammatory symptoms in the axial skeleton. The cause of ankylosing spondylitis is unknown. TNFAIP3, also named A20, uses ubiquitin-related functions to regulate immune activation, deficiency of which is highly related to autoimmune disease. However, the role of TNFAIP3 in human AS has not been reported. Our objective was to study the role and mechanism of TNFAIP3 in ankylosing spondylitis. TNFAIP3 expression on different types of immunocytes from AS peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry. In vitro, monocytes were transfected with a TNFAIP3 shRNA lentivirus, and IL6 and IL1B activation was tested using real-time PCR and ELISA. The novel interaction complex TNFAIP3-DEPTOR was determined through GST pull-down, yeast two-hybrid system, confocal microscopy, and co-immunoprecipitation. Transmission electron microscopy, the RFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus, and LC3 expression were used for autophagy detection. Here, we show that TNFAIP3 expression in AS peripheral blood non-classical monocytes was decreased. In normal monocytes, TNFAIP3 induced autophagy, which restricted inflammasome activation to the early stage of LPS stimulation. Zinc-finger domains of TNFAIP3 were able to interact and stabilize DEPTOR. TNFAIP3 and DEPTOR together rapidly promoted autophagy after LPS treatment to prevent NLRP3 inflammasome formation. Finally, TNFAIP3 and DEPTOR deficiency in AS non-classical monocytes facilitated inflammasome activation. Our study indicates that TNFAIP3-DEPTOR complex-induced early-onset autophagy is vital for immune inhibition in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhai
- a Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China.,b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Peng Lin
- b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Zhuan Feng
- a Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China.,b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Huanyu Lu
- e Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Qing Han
- a Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China.,b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China
| | - Jun Chen
- a Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China.,b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yang Zhang
- b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Qian He
- b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Gang Nan
- b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xing Luo
- a Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China.,b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China
| | - Bin Wang
- b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Fei Feng
- b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Fenyong Liu
- b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,d School of Public Health , University of California , Berkeley , CA , USA
| | - Zhinan Chen
- b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China.,c Department of Cell Biology , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Ping Zhu
- a Department of Clinical Immunology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China.,b National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine , Xi'an , China
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12
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Uster S, Coelho FM, Aeberli D, Stein JV, Hofstetter W, Engelhardt B, Seitz M. TNFα blockade mediates bone protection in antigen-induced arthritis by reducing osteoclast precursor supply. Bone 2018; 107:56-65. [PMID: 29081378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bone protective effects of TNFα inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis are thought to be mediated by inhibiting synovial osteoclast differentiation and activity. However, it has not been addressed, if TNFα inhibitors alter the pool of peripheral osteoclast precursor cells (OPCs). Here, we blocked TNFα function in C57BL/6 mice with antigen induced arthritis (AIA) using the soluble TNFα receptor etanercept. Synovial bone lesions and osteoclasts were markedly reduced upon Etanercept in the early chronic phase of AIA. Unexpectedly this was not associated with a reduced recruitment of circulating OPCs to the arthritic joint nor to reduced synovial inflammation. In contrast we found that OPC numbers in bone marrow and blood were significantly reduced. Overall our study suggests that arrest of osteoclast mediated bone lesions upon inhibition of TNFα is, at least initially, based on reduced OPC availability in the periphery, and not on OPC recruitment or local anti-inflammatory effects in the arthritic joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Uster
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland; Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Aeberli
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jens V Stein
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Hofstetter
- Group of Bone Biology & Orthopedic Research, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology & Allergology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
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13
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Smiljanovic B, Radzikowska A, Kuca-Warnawin E, Kurowska W, Grün JR, Stuhlmüller B, Bonin M, Schulte-Wrede U, Sörensen T, Kyogoku C, Bruns A, Hermann S, Ohrndorf S, Aupperle K, Backhaus M, Burmester GR, Radbruch A, Grützkau A, Maslinski W, Häupl T. Monocyte alterations in rheumatoid arthritis are dominated by preterm release from bone marrow and prominent triggering in the joint. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 77:300-308. [PMID: 29191820 PMCID: PMC5867420 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) accompanies infiltration and activation of monocytes in inflamed joints. We investigated dominant alterations of RA monocytes in bone marrow (BM), blood and inflamed joints. METHODS CD14+ cells from BM and peripheral blood (PB) of patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA) were profiled with GeneChip microarrays. Detailed functional analysis was performed with reference transcriptomes of BM precursors, monocyte blood subsets, monocyte activation and mobilisation. Cytometric profiling determined monocyte subsets of CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+ and CD14+CD16+ cells in BM, PB and synovial fluid (SF) and ELISAs quantified the release of activation markers into SF and serum. RESULTS Investigation of genes differentially expressed between RA and OA monocytes with reference transcriptomes revealed gene patterns of early myeloid precursors in RA-BM and late myeloid precursors along with reduced terminal differentiation to CD14+CD16+monocytes in RA-PB. Patterns associated with tumor necrosis factor/lipopolysaccharide (TNF/LPS) stimulation were weak and more pronounced in RA-PB than RA-BM. Cytometric phenotyping of cells in BM, blood and SF disclosed differences related to monocyte subsets and confirmed the reduced frequency of terminally differentiated CD14+CD16+monocytes in RA-PB. Monocyte activation in SF was characterised by the predominance of CD14++CD16++CD163+HLA-DR+ cells and elevated concentrations of sCD14, sCD163 and S100P. CONCLUSION Patterns of less mature and less differentiated RA-BM and RA-PB monocytes suggest increased turnover with accelerated monocytopoiesis, BM egress and migration into inflamed joints. Predominant activation in the joint indicates the action of local and primary stimuli, which may also promote adaptive immune triggering through monocytes, potentially leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Smiljanovic
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Radzikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kuca-Warnawin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Kurowska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joachim R Grün
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno Stuhlmüller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Bonin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ursula Schulte-Wrede
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Sörensen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chieko Kyogoku
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Bruns
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Hermann
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Ohrndorf
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karlfried Aupperle
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Backhaus
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd R Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Grützkau
- Deutsches Rheuma Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), A Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wlodzimierz Maslinski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy on Osteoclasts Precursors in Rheumatoid Arthritis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2690402. [PMID: 28286757 PMCID: PMC5327780 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2690402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) increases circulating osteoclast (OC) precursors numbers by promoting their proliferation and differentiation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) on the differentiation and activity of OC in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Methods. Seventeen RA patients treated with TNFi were analyzed at baseline and after a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. Blood samples were collected to assess receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) surface expression on circulating leukocytes and frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations. Quantification of serum levels of bone turnover markers, in vitro OC differentiation assays, and qRT-PCR for OC specific genes was performed. Results. After TNFi therapy, patients had reduced RANKL surface expression in B-lymphocytes and the frequency of circulating classical CD14brightCD16− monocytes was decreased. Serum levels of sRANKL, sRANKL/OPG ratio, and CTX-I were reduced in RA patients after TNFi treatment. Moreover, after exposure to TNFi, osteoclast differentiation and activity were decreased, as well as the expression of TRAF6 and cathepsin K. Conclusion. We propose that TNFi arrests bone loss and erosion, through two pathways: direct reduction of osteoclast precursor numbers and inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways acting through TRAF6.
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15
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Infliximab (IFX), an anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) monoclonal antibody, provides clinical benefits in treating Crohn's disease (CD) but its mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. This study investigated blood monocyte repertoires and the acute effects of IFX infusion on monocyte subset phenotype and function in IFX-treated patients with CD. METHODS Monocytes and monocyte subsets were enumerated and phenotypically characterized by multicolor flow cytometry in freshly isolated blood from healthy controls (n = 21) and patients with CD treated with (IFX, n = 24) and without (non-IFX, n = 20) IFX. For the IFX-CD group, blood was sampled immediately before (tough-IFX) and after (peak-IFX) infusion. Monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide were analyzed by whole-blood intracellular cytokine staining. RESULTS Non-IFX and IFX-CD patients had increased numbers of intermediate (CD14CD16) monocytes compared with healthy controls, whereas classical (CD14CD16) and nonclassical (CD14CD16) monocytes were numerically reduced in the IFX-CD group alone. In all groups, monocyte subsets expressed high surface levels of transmembrane (tm)TNFα. After IFX infusion, a significant reduction in monocyte numbers occurred. Post-IFX monocytopenia was proportionately greatest for classical and intermediate subsets, correlated with postinfusion IFX levels and was not associated with monocyte apoptosis. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNFα and IL-12 by monocytes was significantly reduced in peak-IFX compared with trough-IFX blood samples. CONCLUSIONS Actively managed CD is associated with monocyte repertoire skewing suggestive of chronic inflammatory stimulation. Infused IFX acutely targets monocytes, likely by binding to tmTNFα, resulting in a non-apoptosis-related decline in circulating monocyte numbers and blunting of the inflammatory response of monocytes remaining in the blood.
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16
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Rinchai D, Boughorbel S, Presnell S, Quinn C, Chaussabel D. A curated compendium of monocyte transcriptome datasets of relevance to human monocyte immunobiology research. F1000Res 2016; 5:291. [PMID: 27158452 PMCID: PMC4856112 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8182.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems-scale profiling approaches have become widely used in translational research settings. The resulting accumulation of large-scale datasets in public repositories represents a critical opportunity to promote insight and foster knowledge discovery. However, resources that can serve as an interface between biomedical researchers and such vast and heterogeneous dataset collections are needed in order to fulfill this potential. Recently, we have developed an interactive data browsing and visualization web application, the Gene Expression Browser (GXB). This tool can be used to overlay deep molecular phenotyping data with rich contextual information about analytes, samples and studies along with ancillary clinical or immunological profiling data. In this note, we describe a curated compendium of 93 public datasets generated in the context of human monocyte immunological studies, representing a total of 4,516 transcriptome profiles. Datasets were uploaded to an instance of GXB along with study description and sample annotations. Study samples were arranged in different groups. Ranked gene lists were generated based on relevant group comparisons. This resource is publicly available online at
http://monocyte.gxbsidra.org/dm3/landing.gsp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darawan Rinchai
- Systems Biology Department, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabri Boughorbel
- Biomedical Informatics Division, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Scott Presnell
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, USA
| | - Charlie Quinn
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, USA
| | - Damien Chaussabel
- Systems Biology Department, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
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