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Ossip DJ, Johnson T, Assibey-Mensah V, Wang S, McLaren D, Calabro K, Prokhorov AV, McIntosh S. Smoke-Free Home and Vehicle Policies Among Community College Smokers. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2018; 45:540-549. [PMID: 29202249 PMCID: PMC5984122 DOI: 10.1177/1090198117742437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personal smoke-free policies (home and vehicle) reduce secondhand smoke exposure, improve health, and increase quitting among smokers. Overall, 83.0% and 78.1% of Americans report smoke-free homes and vehicles, respectively. However, little is known about such policies among 2-year community college (CC) students, who represent a large, diverse population with higher smoking rates and less negative attitudes toward smoking than 4-year college students. METHODS Prevalence of, and factors associated with, personal smoke-free policies were examined for 2,475 CC smokers enrolled in a national trial of web-assisted tobacco intervention. RESULTS Few students had smoke-free home policies (20.7%), smoke-free vehicles (17.0%), both smoke-free home and vehicle policy (4.2%), or any policy (home or vehicle; 31.2%). In logistic regression models, having children was associated with a smoke-free home or any policy but not with a smoke-free vehicle, and among participants who had children, only 20% reported a smoke-free home, and only 15% had a smoke-free vehicle. In addition, not living with other smokers, living with parents or roommates/siblings (vs. alone), smoking later than 30 minutes after awakening, believing that smoking affects the health of others, and confidence in quitting were associated with presence of a smoke-free home or any policy; no variables were significantly associated with presence of a smoke-free vehicle. CONCLUSIONS CC students represent a priority population for intervention regarding smoke-free homes and vehicles. Such intervention can decrease exposure of others, including children, and potentially increase the likelihood of quitting in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Ossip
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Tye Johnson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Vanessa Assibey-Mensah
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Sijiu Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Donald McLaren
- Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Karen Calabro
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alexander V. Prokhorov
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Scott McIntosh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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Cantrell J, Hair EC, Smith A, Bennett M, Rath JM, Thomas RK, Fahimi M, Dennis JM, Vallone D. Recruiting and retaining youth and young adults: challenges and opportunities in survey research for tobacco control. Tob Control 2017; 27:147-154. [PMID: 28432211 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluation studies of population-based tobacco control interventions often rely on large-scale survey data from numerous respondents across many geographic areas to provide evidence of their effectiveness. Significant challenges for survey research have emerged with the evolving communications landscape, particularly for surveying hard-to-reach populations such as youth and young adults. This study combines the comprehensive coverage of an address-based sampling (ABS) frame with the timeliness of online data collection to develop a nationally representative longitudinal cohort of young people aged 15-21. METHODS We constructed an ABS frame, partially supplemented with auxiliary data, to recruit this hard-to-reach sample. Branded and tested mail-based recruitment materials were designed to bring respondents online for screening, consent and surveying. Once enrolled, respondents completed online surveys every 6 months via computer, tablet or smartphone. Numerous strategies were utilized to enhance retention and representativeness RESULTS: Results detail sample performance, representativeness and retention rates as well as device utilization trends for survey completion among youth and young adult respondents. Panel development efforts resulted in a large, nationally representative sample with high retention rates. CONCLUSIONS This study is among the first to employ this hybrid ABS-to-online methodology to recruit and retain youth and young adults in a probability-based online cohort panel. The approach is particularly valuable for conducting research among younger populations as it capitalizes on their increasing access to and comfort with digital communication. We discuss challenges and opportunities of panel recruitment and retention methods in an effort to provide valuable information for tobacco control researchers seeking to obtain representative, population-based samples of youth and young adults in the U.S. as well as across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cantrell
- Evaluation and Science Research, Truth Initiative, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Hair
- Evaluation and Science Research, Truth Initiative, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandria Smith
- Evaluation and Science Research, Truth Initiative, Washington DC, USA
| | - Morgane Bennett
- Evaluation and Science Research, Truth Initiative, Washington DC, USA
| | - Jessica Miller Rath
- Evaluation and Science Research, Truth Initiative, Washington DC, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Donna Vallone
- Evaluation and Science Research, Truth Initiative, Washington DC, USA.,Global Institute of Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Steinberg ML, Stahl NF, Williams JM. Household Smoking Restrictions Relate To Time To First Cigarette Smoked In The Morning. J Smok Cessat 2017; 12:1-5. [PMID: 38572325 PMCID: PMC10989735 DOI: 10.1017/jsc.2015.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The time a smoker waits until the first cigarette of the morning is often used as a measure of dependence with the rationale that more dependent smokers will smoke sooner upon waking than will less dependent smokers after going several hours without a cigarette overnight. Aims We sought to examine the relationship between time-to-first-cigarette (TTFC) and household smoking restrictions in two independent samples. Methods Two samples of smokers, one treatment-seeking community sample (N = 433) and one non-treatment-seeking sample of smokers with serious mental illness (i.e., Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Bipolar I Disorder) (N = 94), provided information on cigarette dependence with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence and on household smoking restrictions. Results Half (50%) of smokers with serious mental illness and 36.7% of smokers from the general population reported that there were no limitations to smoking in their home. Household smoking restrictions were significantly and positively related to TTFC in both samples. Conclusions These data indicate that greater attention to TTFC may be warranted. The TTFC item is intended to measure dependence based on the premise that greater dependence should be associated with shorter TTFC. If TTFC is related to a household smoking ban, however, this item may not be assessing dependence as intended in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L Steinberg
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Naomi F Stahl
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Jill M Williams
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Monson E, Arsenault N. Effects of Enactment of Legislative (Public) Smoking Bans on Voluntary Home Smoking Restrictions: A Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2016; 19:141-148. [PMID: 27613902 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntw171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The positive effects of worldwide increases in enactment of legislative bans on smoking in public areas have been well documented. Relatively little is known about the effects of such bans on voluntary home smoking behavior. Meanwhile, private spaces, such as homes, have replaced public spaces as the primary milieu of secondhand smoke exposure. METHODS A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles was conducted using multiple databases including Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Embase, Global Health, Health Star, Joanna Briggs, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PAIS International, PubMed, and Web of Science. We examined peer-reviewed studies that considered the impact of legislation-based public smoking bans on enactment of private home smoking restrictions. RESULTS Sixteen articles published between 2002 and 2014 were identified and included. Our results suggest overall positive effects post-legislative ban with the majority of studies demonstrating significant increases in home smoking restrictions. Studies focusing on smoking and nonsmoking samples as well as child populations are discussed in depth. CONCLUSIONS Existing evidence indicates an overall significant positive effect post-legislative ban on voluntary home smoking restrictions. While disentangling these effects over space and time remains a challenge, scientific research has converged in dispelling any notion of significant displacement of smoking into the home. Policy makers, especially those in countries without existing public smoking legislation, can rest assured that these types of bans contribute to the minimization of tobacco-related harm. IMPLICATIONS Findings converge in dispelling notions of displacement of smoking into the home as a consequence of legislative bans that prohibit smoking in public spaces. Evidence from the studies reviewed suggests that through their influence on social norms, legislative bans on smoking in public places may encourage citizens to establish voluntary home smoking restrictions, thus decreasing harm related to secondhand smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Monson
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; .,Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicole Arsenault
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kairouz S, Lasnier B, Mihaylova T, Montreuil A, Cohen JE. Smoking restrictions in homes after implementation of a smoking ban in public places. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 17:41-7. [PMID: 25140045 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This Canadian study examines the prevalence of smoking restrictions in homes before and after the implementation of a public smoking ban, and their relation to tobacco use and cessation among a cohort of smokers. METHODS Data were from a longitudinal cohort study of 1,058 smokers in the province of Québec, Canada. Baseline data were collected through a population-based survey conducted 1 month before the implementation of the smoking ban with a representative sample of smokers. Follow-up data were collected 18 months after the ban with a response rate of 68%. Logistic regressions, paired t tests and chi-square statistics were used to examine the factors associated with smoking restrictions in homes, cigarette consumption, and quit attempts. RESULTS Many smokers imposed partial or full smoking restrictions in their homes but proportions of smoke-free homes did not change significantly between baseline and follow-up. The presence of young children and nonsmokers significantly predicted full smoking restriction in the home. Knowledge about risks associated with exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and skepticism about the efficacy of methods to reduce exposure in the home also predicted maintenance of voluntary smoking restrictions in homes. The uptake of smoke-free homes was not associated with the quantity of cigarettes smoked or quit attempts. CONCLUSIONS No significant change in home smoking bans was found 18 months after implementation of a public smoking ban. There remains a need for efforts to better inform smokers about health risks from exposure to SHS in homes and the reality that strategies other than a total smoking ban inside the home are ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Kairouz
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada;
| | - Benoit Lasnier
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Surveillance, Research, and Evaluation, Tobacco Unit, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tsvetelina Mihaylova
- Lifestyle and Addiction Research Lab, Concordia University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie Montreuil
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Surveillance, Research, and Evaluation, Tobacco Unit, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Joanna E Cohen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Mathur C, Stigler MH, Erickson DJ, Perry CL, Forster JL. Transitions in smoking behavior during emerging adulthood: a longitudinal analysis of the effect of home smoking bans. Am J Public Health 2014; 104:715-20. [PMID: 24524528 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We studied the effect of home smoking bans on transitions in smoking behavior during emerging adulthood. METHODS We used latent transition analysis to examine movement between stages of smoking from late adolescence (ages 16-18 years) to young adulthood (ages 18-20 years) and the effect of a home smoking ban on these transitions. We used data from the Minnesota Adolescent Community Cohort study collected in 2004 to 2006. RESULTS Overall, we identified 4 stages of smoking: (1) never smokers, (2) experimental smokers, (3) light smokers, and (4) daily smokers. Transition probabilities varied by stage. Young adults with a home ban during late adolescence were less likely to be smokers and less likely to progress to higher use later. Furthermore, the protective effect of a home smoking ban on the prevalence of smoking behavior was evident even in the presence of parental smoking. However, this effect was less clear on transitions over time. CONCLUSIONS In addition to protecting family members from exposure to secondhand smoke, home smoking bans appear to have the additional benefit of reducing initiation and escalation of smoking behavior among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Mathur
- Charu Mathur, Darin J. Erickson, and Jean L. Forster are with the Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Melissa H. Stigler and Cheryl L. Perry are with the Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Austin
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Correlates of smoking among young adults: the role of lifestyle, attitudes/beliefs, demographics, and exposure to anti-tobacco media messaging. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013. [PMID: 23182411 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults (18-24 years) have the highest smoking rate of any age group. Unlike youth/adult populations where there is one primary message targeting behavior, anti-tobacco campaigns targeting young adults should contain messages of prevention and cessation. The objective was to identify factors influencing young adult cigarette use, employing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention logic model, with an emphasis on the role of lifestyle, tobacco use tolerance, and attitudes/beliefs. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from 4401 young adults using telephone interviews in 2010 as part of the evaluation for the Tobacco Free Florida Campaign. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between current smoking status and lifestyles, tolerance of tobacco use, and attitude/belief variables. RESULTS The young adult cigarette prevalence rate is 20.3%, with males more likely to be smokers (25.1%) than females (15.6%) and non-Hispanic Whites more likely to be smokers than other racial/ethnic groups (23.8%). Significant associations were found between lifestyle variables (frequent bar/club, drinks per month, and number of friends who smoke), tolerance of tobacco use (allow smoke in house/car and moderate tobacco use), and four attitude/belief indices and current smoking behavior. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest lifestyles and attitudes/beliefs should be key behavioral targets of prevention programs aimed at young adults. Data strongly suggest that as young adults reject negative labels attached to smokers, they are more likely to smoke. Prevention (and cessation) programs may need to reduce barriers that result in segregating nonsmokers/smokers so smokers can have an increased chance of adopting attitudes/beliefs of nonsmokers.
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Tjora T, Hetland J, Aarø LE, Øverland S. Distal and proximal family predictors of adolescents' smoking initiation and development: a longitudinal latent curve model analysis. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:911. [PMID: 22152017 PMCID: PMC3297654 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on adolescent smoking indicate that the smoking behaviours of their parents, siblings and friends are significant micro-level predictors. Parents' socioeconomic status (SES) is an important macro-level predictor. We examined the longitudinal relationships between these predictors and the initiation and development of adolescents' smoking behaviour in Norway. Methods We employed data from The Norwegian Longitudinal Health Behaviour Study (NLHB), in which participants were followed from the age of 13 to 30. We analysed data from the first 5 waves, covering the age span from 13 to 18, with latent curve modeling (LCM). Results Smoking rates increased from 3% to 31% from age 13 to age 18. Participants' smoking was strongly associated with their best friends' smoking. Parental SES, parents' smoking and older siblings' smoking predicted adolescents' initial level of smoking. Furthermore, the same variables predicted the development of smoking behaviour from age 13 to 18. Parents' and siblings' smoking behaviours acted as mediators of parents' SES on the smoking habits of adolescents. Conclusions Parents' SES was significantly associated, directly and indirectly, with both smoking initiation and development. Parental and older siblings' smoking behaviours were positively associated with both initiation and development of smoking behaviour in adolescents. There were no significant gender differences in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tore Tjora
- Uni Health, Uni Research, Christiesgate 12, 5015 Bergen, Norway.
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Pahl K, Brook JS, Koppel J, Lee JY. Unexpected benefits: pathways from smoking restrictions in the home to psychological well-being and distress among urban Black and Puerto Rican Americans. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 13:706-13. [PMID: 21498429 PMCID: PMC3150690 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the pathways from smoking policies in the home (no ban, partial ban, and total ban on smoking) to psychological well-being (e.g., self-esteem) and psychological symptoms (e.g., depressive symptoms) as mediated by a healthy lifestyle (engaging in exercise, eating healthful foods, and sleeping enough) and cigarette smoking among a sample of urban Black and Puerto Rican Americans. METHODS Questionnaire data were collected from 816 participants (mean age = 32 years). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to examine the pathways of restrictions on smoking in the home to a healthy lifestyle, cigarette smoking, psychological well-being, and psychological distress. RESULTS The SEM showed mediational pathways linking higher levels of restrictions on smoking in the home with a healthy lifestyle, which in turn was related negatively to psychological distress and positively to psychological well-being. Higher levels of restrictions on smoking in the home were also related inversely to cigarette smoking, which was related positively to psychological distress and negatively to psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that higher levels of restrictions on smoking in the home are associated with a healthier lifestyle and less cigarette smoking, which in turn are associated with better psychological functioning. Greater restrictions on smoking in the home may thus support positive lifestyle choices, including exercise and nutrition, as well as psychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Pahl
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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