1
|
Wang M, Yu Y, Wu J, Wang S, Giménez-Lirola LG, Piñeyro P, Wang Y, Cui H, He X, Zimmerman JJ, Tu Y, Cai X, Wang G. Genetic and In Vitro Characteristics of a Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Isolate from Northeast China. Vet Sci 2023; 10:517. [PMID: 37624304 PMCID: PMC10459391 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is an emerging virus first discovered in the United States in 2015, and since then, PCV3 has been found in many regions of the world, including America, Asia, and Europe. Although several PCV3 investigations have been carried out, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the pathogenicity of PCV3, mostly due to the limited number of PCV3 isolates that are readily available. In this study, PCV3-DB-1 was isolated in PK-15 cells and characterized in vitro. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of PCV-like particles, and in situ hybridization RNA analysis demonstrated the replication of PCV3 in PK-15 cell culture. Based on phylogenetic analysis of PCV3 isolates from the Heilongjiang province of China, PCV3-DB-1 with 24 alanine and 27 lysine in the Cap protein was originally isolated and determined to belong to the clade PCV3a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Menghang Wang
- Heilongjiang Research Center for Veterinary Biopharmaceutical Technology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (M.W.)
| | - Ying Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jianan Wu
- Heilongjiang Research Center for Veterinary Biopharmaceutical Technology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (M.W.)
| | - Shujie Wang
- Heilongjiang Research Center for Veterinary Biopharmaceutical Technology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (M.W.)
| | - Luis G Giménez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Heilongjiang Research Center for Veterinary Biopharmaceutical Technology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (M.W.)
| | - Hongliang Cui
- Heilongjiang Research Center for Veterinary Biopharmaceutical Technology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (M.W.)
| | - Xijun He
- Heilongjiang Research Center for Veterinary Biopharmaceutical Technology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (M.W.)
| | - Jeffrey J. Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yabin Tu
- Heilongjiang Research Center for Veterinary Biopharmaceutical Technology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (M.W.)
| | - Xuehui Cai
- Heilongjiang Research Center for Veterinary Biopharmaceutical Technology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (M.W.)
| | - Gang Wang
- Heilongjiang Research Center for Veterinary Biopharmaceutical Technology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; (M.W.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271002, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) in Guangxi, China. Gene 2020; 773:145384. [PMID: 33383119 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4), a novel circovirus, was identified in pigs with serious symptoms, including porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS)-like signs, in China in 2019. This study investigated the prevalence and genome diversity of PCV4 in pigs from Guangxi Province, China, between 2015 and 2019. Thirteen of 257 (5.1%) samples were positive for PCV4, 9 of these (69.2%) PCV4-positive samples were coinfected with PCV2 or PCV3, and one PCV4-positive sample was coinfected with both PCV2 and PCV3. Three complete PCV4 genomes shared 36.9-73.8% nucleotide similarity with other representative circovirus genomes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PCV4 was most closely related to bat-associated circovirus and mink circovirus. In summary, this is the first epidemiological investigation and evolutionary analysis of PCV4 in Guangxi Province, China, and the results provide insight into the molecular epidemiology of PCV4.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen N, Xiao Y, Li X, Li S, Xie N, Yan X, Li X, Zhu J. Development and application of a quadruplex real-time PCR assay for differential detection of porcine circoviruses (PCV1 to PCV4) in Jiangsu province of China from 2016 to 2020. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1615-1624. [PMID: 32931644 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To date, four species of porcine circoviruses (PCVs), including PCV1-4, have been reported to exist in the clinical cases. Fast and effective differential detection is critical to monitor the infection and co-infection status of PCVs for adopting reliable control strategies. However, currently available methods cannot simultaneously differentiate the four species of PCV strains. In this study, a quadruplex real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan probes was developed for differential detection of PCV1-4. The new quadruplex real-time PCR assay exhibited satisfied specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility. In addition, the new assay was applied to the detection of 120 clinical samples collected from 2016 to 2020 in Jiangsu province of China and compared with previously reported PCV1-4 singleplex conventional PCR assays. Based on the clinical performance, the results from the quadruplex real-time PCR and conventional PCR assays showed 100% agreement. A total of 47 samples were detected as PCV positive by the quadruplex real-time PCR assay, including 1, 2, 1 samples were co-infected with PCV1 and PCV4, PCV2 and PCV3, PCV2 and PCV4, respectively. Full-length ORF2 sequencing and phylogenetic analysis supported the real-time PCR results that 5, 34, 8 and 4 of the 51 PCV sequences were PCV1, PCV2, PCV3 and PCV4, respectively. This study provides a promising alternative tool for rapid differential detection of PCVs and confirms the coexistence of all species of PCV1-4 strains in Jiangsu province in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhao Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ningjun Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.,Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang SY, Sun YF, Wang Q, Yu LX, Zhu SQ, Liu XM, Yao Y, Wang J, Shan TL, Zheng H, Zhou YJ, Tong W, Kong N, Tong GZ, Yu H. An epidemiological investigation of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine circovirus type 3 infections in Tianjin, North China. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9735. [PMID: 32944419 PMCID: PMC7469938 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), first identified in the United States, has been detected in many other countries. Porcine circovirus is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, reproductive failure, congenital tremors, and other clinical symptoms. In this study, we established a double polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting both porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and PCV3. This is the first study to detect and characterize the PCV3 genome in the Tianjin region of North China. We collected a total of 169 tissue samples from seven farms between 2016 and 2018. The PCV3-positive rate of all tissue samples was 37.3% (63/169) and the rate of PCV2 and PCV3 coinfection was 14.8% (25/169). PCV2 and PCV3 coinfections with more serious clinical symptoms were found in only three farms. We sequenced three PCV3 strains selected from tissue samples that were positively identified. The complete genome sequences of the three strains shared 97.6-99.4% nucleotide identities with the PCV3 strains in GenBank. Our results showed the extent of PCV3's spread in Tianjin, and the need to further study PCV3's pathobiology, epidemiology, isolation, and coinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Yong Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Feng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Xue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Min Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Yao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong-Ling Shan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Zhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu C, Liu Y, Feng H, Zhao B, Chen Y, Huang H, Wang P, Deng R, Zhang G. PCV cap proteins fused with calreticulin expressed into polymers in Escherichia coli with high immunogenicity in mice. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:313. [PMID: 32854700 PMCID: PMC7450944 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02527-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main causative agent of porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs) which causes huge yearly economic losses in the swine industry. Capsid protein (Cap) is the major structural protein of PCV2 that can induce a protective immune response. Therefore, developing a novel and safe subunit vaccine against PCV2 infection is needed. RESULTS In this study, the Cap gene was bound to the truncated calreticulin (CRT) (120-250 aa/120-308 aa) at the N/C terminal, and then the CRT-Cap fusion genes were expressed in Escherichia coli (E.coli). The size-exclusion chromatography and dynamic light scattering (DLS) data showed that the purified recombinant CRT-Cap fusion protein (rP5F) existed in the form of polymers. Immunization with rP5F stimulated high levels of PCV2 specific antibody and neutralization antibody in mice, which were almost identical to those induced by the commercial subunit and inactivated vaccines. The lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion were also detected in rP5F immunized mice. According to the results of PCV2-challenge experiment, the virus loads significantly decreased in mice immunized with rP5F. The data obtained in the current study revealed that rP5F had the potential to be a subunit vaccine candidate against PCV2 in the future. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully expressed Cap-CRT fusion proteins in E.coli and optimized rP5F could form into immunogenic polymers. Mice immunized with rP5F efficiently induced humoral and part of cellular immune responses and decreased the virus content against PCV2-challenge, which suggested that rF5P could be a potential subunit vaccine candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Baolei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China. .,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang K, Jiao Z, Zhou D, Guo R, Duan Z, Tian Y. Development of a multiplex PCR to detect and discriminate porcine circoviruses in clinical specimens. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:778. [PMID: 31488066 PMCID: PMC6727504 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diagnostic method to simultaneously detect and discriminate porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in clinical specimens is imperative for the differential diagnosis and monitoring and control of PCVs in the field. METHODS Three primer pairs were designed and used to develop a multiplex PCR assay. And 286 samples from 8 farms in Hubei province were tested by the developed multiplex PCR assay to demonstrate the accuracy. RESULTS Each of target genes of PCV1, PCV2 and PCV3 was amplified using the designed primers, while no other porcine viruses genes were detected. The limit of detection of the assay was 10 copies/μL of PCV1, PCV2 OR PCV3. The results of the tissue samples detection showed that PCV1, PCV2 and PCV3 are co-circulating in central China. The PCV1, PCV2 and PCV3 singular infection rate was 52.4% (150/286), 61.2% (175/286) and 45.1% (129/286), respectively, while the PCV1 and PCV2 co-infection rate was 11.2% (32/286), the PCV1 and PCV3 co-infection rate was 5.9% (17/286), the PCV2 and PCV3 co-infection rate was 23.4% (67/286), and the PCV1, PCV2 and PCV3 co-infection rate was 1.7% (5/286), respectively, which were 100% consistent with the sequencing method and real-time PCR methods. CONCLUSIONS The multiplex PCR assay could be used as a differential diagnostic tool for monitoring and control of PCVs in the field. The results also indicate that the PCVs infection and their co-infection are severe in Hubei province, Central China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keli Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture), Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zuwu Jiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China
| | - Danna Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengying Duan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding, Wuhan, 430064, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun W, Zhang H, Zheng M, Cao H, Lu H, Zhao G, Xie C, Cao L, Wei X, Bi J, Yi C, Yin G, Jin N. The detection of canine circovirus in Guangxi, China. Virus Res 2019; 259:85-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
Erickson A, Fisher M, Furukawa-Stoffer T, Ambagala A, Hodko D, Pasick J, King DP, Nfon C, Ortega Polo R, Lung O. A multiplex reverse transcription PCR and automated electronic microarray assay for detection and differentiation of seven viruses affecting swine. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:e272-e283. [PMID: 29194985 PMCID: PMC7169841 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microarray technology can be useful for pathogen detection as it allows simultaneous interrogation of the presence or absence of a large number of genetic signatures. However, most microarray assays are labour-intensive and time-consuming to perform. This study describes the development and initial evaluation of a multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and novel accompanying automated electronic microarray assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of seven important viruses that affect swine (foot-and-mouth disease virus [FMDV], swine vesicular disease virus [SVDV], vesicular exanthema of swine virus [VESV], African swine fever virus [ASFV], classical swine fever virus [CSFV], porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus [PRRSV] and porcine circovirus type 2 [PCV2]). The novel electronic microarray assay utilizes a single, user-friendly instrument that integrates and automates capture probe printing, hybridization, washing and reporting on a disposable electronic microarray cartridge with 400 features. This assay accurately detected and identified a total of 68 isolates of the seven targeted virus species including 23 samples of FMDV, representing all seven serotypes, and 10 CSFV strains, representing all three genotypes. The assay successfully detected viruses in clinical samples from the field, experimentally infected animals (as early as 1 day post-infection (dpi) for FMDV and SVDV, 4 dpi for ASFV, 5 dpi for CSFV), as well as in biological material that were spiked with target viruses. The limit of detection was 10 copies/μl for ASFV, PCV2 and PRRSV, 100 copies/μl for SVDV, CSFV, VESV and 1,000 copies/μl for FMDV. The electronic microarray component had reduced analytical sensitivity for several of the target viruses when compared with the multiplex RT-PCR. The integration of capture probe printing allows custom onsite array printing as needed, while electrophoretically driven hybridization generates results faster than conventional microarrays that rely on passive hybridization. With further refinement, this novel, rapid, highly automated microarray technology has potential applications in multipathogen surveillance of livestock diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Erickson
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - M Fisher
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - T Furukawa-Stoffer
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - A Ambagala
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - D Hodko
- Nexogen, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J Pasick
- National Centres for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - D P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
| | - C Nfon
- National Centres for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - R Ortega Polo
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - O Lung
- Lethbridge Laboratory, National Centres for Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang L, Wu X, Shi J, Peng Z, Zheng S, Xu S, Han H, Xin C, Liu Y, Gao M, Yu J, Sun W, Cong X, Li J, Xu S, Wang J. The correlation between the mutual deletions of amino acids within porcine circovirus rep protein and the discrepancy of replication. Microb Pathog 2018; 117:327-334. [PMID: 29496526 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus (PCV) has two potential open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2. ORF1 is predicted to encode a replication-associated protein (Rep) essential for replication of viral DNA. In some studies, PCV1 replicated more efficiently in PK-15 cells than PCV2 was elucidated. PCV1 compared with PCV2; there is some amino acids' deficiency on Rep protein. To identify whether the above amino acids deletion affects the replication of PCV1 and PCV2, we constructed three double copy clones by overlap extension PCR. The 2PCV2(vV) clone deleted the valine of Rep protein in the backbone of PCV2 genome. The 2PCV2(dSGR) clone inserted serine, glycine and arginine of Rep protein successively in the backbone of PCV2 genome. The 2PCV2(dSGR&vV) clone inserted serine, glycine and arginine as well as deleted the valine of Rep protein in the backbone of PCV2 genome. These clones we constructed with amino acid mutations and parental DNA clones were all transfected in PK-15 cells that free of PCV contamination, and their growth characteristics in vitro were determined and compared, to evaluating the replication of the mutant infectious DNA clones. Our results showed that the double copy infectious clones with amino acid mutations could be rescued in vitro. The 2PCV2(vV) replicated more efficiently than parental viruses 2PCV2 and 2PCV1 but the replicated ability of 2PCV2(dSGR) and 2PCV2(dSGR&vV) is attenuated than parental viruses 2PCV2 and 2PCV1. We can determine the valine is the important amino acid that cause PCV1 replicated more efficiently in PK-15 cells than PCV2 primarily. These findings are benefit for exploring the mechanisms of viral replication in pigs and important implications for PCV2 vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jianli Shi
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuxuan Zheng
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hong Han
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Changxun Xin
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Mei Gao
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cong
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Shaojian Xu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Jinbao Wang
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu L, Pang X, Yuan W. Development of a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for the specific detection of porcine circovirus 3. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:177-180. [PMID: 28743583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a novel circovirus that was associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure, and multisystemic inflammation. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, simple, specific and sensitive TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for PCV3 detection. Specific primers and probe were designed for the cap gene of PCV3 within the conserved region of viral genome. The assay was highly specific for PCV3, without cross-reactions with other non-targeted pig viruses. The detection limit of this assay was 102 copies. The assay had an efficiency of 95.7%, a regression squared value (R2) of 0.994 and showed a linear range of 102-107 copies PCV3 DNA per reaction. The assay was also very reproducible, with the intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variation less than 2.0%. For the 112 archived clinical samples collected from 2014 to March 2017, the PCV3 positive ratio was 12.5% (14/112) with the real-time PCR. The presence of the PCV3 dated back to at least 2014 in China and samples collected in 2017 had the highest PCV3 positive ratio (46.7%, 7/15). The real-time PCR assay could be used for detection of PCV3 in epidemiological and pathogenesis studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Libing Liu
- Center of Inspection and Quarantine, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Wanzhe Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Yu J, Xu S, Shi J, Xu S, Wu X, Fu F, Peng Z, Zhang L, Zheng S, Yuan X, Cong X, Sun W, Cheng K, Du Y, Wu J, Wang J. Immunogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2 nucleic acid vaccine containing CpG motif for mice. Virol J 2016; 13:185. [PMID: 27842600 PMCID: PMC5109731 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at reseaching the immune effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) DNA vaccine containing CpG motif on mice. METHODS A total of 40 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups which were immunized by 18CpG-pVAX1-ORF2, pVAX1-ORF2, pVAX1 and PBS, respectively, and immunized again 2 weeks later. All mice were challenged with 0.2 mL PCV2 cells virulent strain SD (106.0 TCID50/mL) after 4 weeks. Average daily gain, blood antibody levels, microscopic changes and viremia were detected to estimate the effect of DNA vaccine. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results showed that compared to those of the control mice, groups immunized with pVAX1-ORF2 and 18CpG-pVAX1-ORF2 could induce PCV2-specific antibodies. The PCV2-specific antibodies level of 18 CpG-pVAX1-ORF2 groups was higher significantly than other groups and decreased slowly along with time. There was no distinct pathological damage and viremia occurring in mice that inoculated with CpG motif DNA vaccines. The results demonstrated that the DNA vaccine containing 18 CpG could build up resistibility immunity and reduce immune organ damage on mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shaojian Xu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jianli Shi
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Fang Fu
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shuxuan Zheng
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yuan
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cong
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Kaihui Cheng
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yijun Du
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jinbao Wang
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control & Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi J, Peng Z, Fu F, Xu S, Xu S, Cong X, Yuan X, Yu J, Wu J, Sun W, Du Y, Li J, Wang J. Mutant Rep protein of the porcine circovirus type 2 N-glycosylation:23-25aa, 256-258aa mutation reduced virus replication but 286-288aa mutation enhanced virus replication in PK-15 cells. Vet Microbiol 2015; 177:370-2. [PMID: 25829242 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Rep protein and the splice variant Rep' protein impact genome replication. The Rep protein contains three potential N-glycosylation at positions 23-25aa (NPS), 256-258aa (NQT) and 286-288aa (NAT). Three double copy infectious clones with Rep protein N-glycosylation at positions mutations 23-25aa (DPS), 256-258aa (DQT) and 286-288aa (DAT) were constructed and their function in virus replication in PK-15 cells was investigated. The results showed that the double copy infectious clone with N-glycosylation site mutation could be rescued in vitro and 23-25aa, 256-258aa mutation reduced virus replication but 286-288aa mutation enhanced virus replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Shi
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhe Peng
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fang Fu
- Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shaojian Xu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shengnan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cong
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yuan
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yijun Du
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jun Li
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jinbao Wang
- Division of Swine Diseases, Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.8 Sangyuan Road, Jinan 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|